Retracting and releasing device and method for bearing chain and bearing cable of marine gangplank

Abstract

The invention relates to a marine gangplank bearing chain and bearing cable take-up and pay-off device and take-up and pay-off method.The marine gangplank bearing chain and bearing cable take-up and pay-off device comprises a bearing guide device, the bearing guide device comprises a bearing wheel and bearing eye plates, a bearing chain cable is wound around the bearing wheel, gangplank end eye plates are arranged on the two sides of a gangplank, shackles are arranged on the gangplank end eye plates, one end of the bearing chain cable is connected with the shackles, and the other end of the bearing chain cable is connected with the shackles. The other end of the bearing chain cable bypasses the bearing wheel and a traction device to be connected with the bearing eye plate, the traction device is provided with a traction cable, and the traction device is connected with the winch through the traction cable, so that the bearing chain cable slides towards the bow or the stern; the problem that an operator cannot complete manual binding, fixing and arrangement of a bearing chain and a bearing cable due to the bearing chain and the bearing cable is solved, and when the lifting gangplank is closed, the situation that the gangplank cannot be normally closed or damaged due to clamping stagnation of the bearing chain and the bearing cable is avoided; when the gangplank is opened and put down, the bearing chain and the bearing cable are released and kept loose properly, and the device is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that the device bears additional loads when the gangplank is put down.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ship design, and in particular to a ship-used gangway load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device and a retracting and releasing method. Background Art

[0002] The gangplanks of ro-ro ships, special operation ships or offshore structures can be divided into single-section gangplanks and multi-section gangplanks according to their structural type; according to the transmission device that executes the opening, lowering / closing and lifting of the gangplank, they can be divided into hydraulic cylinder direct transmission, hydraulic cylinder-connecting rod transmission, hydraulic cylinder-pulley block-wire rope transmission, hydraulic / electric winch-pulley block-wire rope transmission and other types.

[0003] During the operation of opening, lowering, closing and lifting of the ramp, the transmission device needs to bear the deadweight load of the ramp, the static tilting force of the ship, the inertia force generated by the movement of the ship, the pressing force of the sealing rubber (only for the ramp with watertightness requirements in the closed position, and when the ramp is in the closed position) and other loads; when the ramp is fully opened and resting on the dock or other supporting structure, the transmission device will no longer bear the deadweight load of the ramp, the static tilting force of the ship, the inertia force generated by the movement of the ship, the vehicle load or cargo load, the wave load acting on the ramp and other loads will be borne by the dock or other supporting structure, and the hinge at the end of the ramp (connection with the hull). However, when some ramps are opened to the working position at sea, there is no dock or other supporting structure to rest on. If the transmission device is supported by itself, then the transmission device needs to bear the deadweight load of the ramp, the static tilting force of the ship, the inertia force generated by the movement of the ship, the vehicle load or cargo load, the wave load acting on the ramp and other loads during the operation after the ramp is fully opened. In most cases, the load during the working process of the gangway is much greater than the load during the operation process. If the transmission device needs to bear the load during the working process of the gangway, the transmission device will be too large and will occupy too many overall resources. To solve this problem, some transmission devices using hydraulic cylinder / winch-pulley block-wire rope transmission are used. When the overall conditions permit, a section of wire rope connected to the gangway can be changed to a chain. When the gangway is opened and lowered into place, the chain is stopped by the gate knife chain stopper. The load borne by the gangway is transmitted to the gate knife chain stopper through the chain, and then transmitted to the hull structure by the gate knife chain stopper. The wire rope, hydraulic cylinder / winch and other transmission devices connected to the chain are no longer borne, and the transmission device can be simplified. This method is mainly used in single-section gangway or the first section of a multi-section gangway.

[0004] In most cases, a bearing facility (also called "safety facility") is separately provided outside the transmission device, such as a bearing chain (also called "safety chain"), a bearing cable (also called "safety cable"), a bearing connecting rod (also called "safety connecting rod"), etc. The bearing facility can be set to an adjustable length range to adapt to different ramp slopes, but the bearing facility with an adjustable length range has a complex structure and is inconvenient to adjust, so most of them use bearing facilities with non-adjustable length ranges, which are suitable for specific ramp slopes. The bearing connecting rod is inconvenient to operate and is easily hit by a moving vehicle during use. After deformation, the ramp is difficult to open or close, so the bearing chain or bearing cable is more commonly used.

[0005] During and after the gangway is closed, the actual state of the load-bearing cable is related to the softness, stiffness and loose length of the wire rope. The softness and stiffness are mainly determined by the diameter of the wire rope, the diameter of the wires that make up the wire rope and the strength of the wires. The larger the diameter of the wire rope, the diameter of the wires and the strength of the wires, the worse the softness and the greater the stiffness of the wire rope. The loose length is determined by the difference between the distance between the fixed point of the load-bearing cable hull in the gangway opening state and the fixed point of the second section of the gangway and the distance between the fixed point of the load-bearing cable hull in the closed state and the fixed point of the second section of the gangway. The longer the loose length, the more random the state of the load-bearing cable.

[0006] When selecting the load-bearing cable, the load-bearing cable's supporting load is determined based on the deadweight load of the ramp, the static tilting force of the ship, the inertia force generated by the ship's movement, the vehicle load or cargo load, the wave load acting on the ramp, and other loads. Then the wire rope diameter, tensile strength and breaking force are determined according to the supporting load. The greater the vehicle load and the higher the external environmental conditions to be adapted to, the greater the load-bearing cable's supporting load, the greater the selected wire rope diameter, tensile strength and breaking force, resulting in poorer flexibility and greater rigidity.

[0007] The loose length is related to the overall layout plan. Through optimization, the loose length can be made as short as possible. In addition, the longer the length of the springboard is, the longer the loose length will inevitably be after closing.

[0008] For example, when closing the ramp of a Type A ship, the ramp is first raised to a horizontal upward position, the operator climbs on the ramp, and fastens the two load-bearing ropes between the two sections of the ramp with lashing ropes, and then closes the ramp in place; when opening the ramp, the ramp is first lowered to a horizontal upward position, the operator climbs on the ramp, and unties the lashing ropes between the two load-bearing ropes between the two sections of the ramp, and then opens the ramp in place. After the operator fastens the two load-bearing ropes, the loose length can be effectively reduced, which does not affect the opening and closing of the ramp.

[0009] When the Type A ship closes the gangway, the increase in the diameter of the wire rope leads to poor flexibility and increased stiffness, and the increase in loose length makes the wire rope difficult to control. According to the handling method of the load-bearing rope of the gangway of the Type A ship, when the operator stands between the two sections of the gangway to tie the two load-bearing ropes, the difficulty becomes greater. After tying, during the process of closing the gangway, the tying rope breaks several times, and it is necessary to replace the tying rope with a longer length and higher strength. After replacing the tying rope, the load-bearing rope is stuck in the door frame and between the two sections of the gangway, and it cannot be closed normally; during the process of opening the gangway, the load-bearing rope is stuck in the hull structure, the protruding parts of the gangway, and other parts, and it cannot be opened normally.

[0010] Considering the good flexibility of the chain and almost no rigidity, the load-bearing cable was replaced with a load-bearing chain of equal strength. After replacing the load-bearing chain, the gangway did not get stuck in the door frame or between the two gangways during closing, but it still got stuck in the hull structure and the protruding parts of the gangway during opening. At the same time, since the weight of a single load-bearing chain is almost twice that of the load-bearing cable, when the operator stands between the two gangways, 2 to 3 people cannot complete the tying at the same time. At the same time, due to the concentrated drooping of the chain weight, during the opening and closing of the gangway, the load-bearing chain swings and hits the gangway, bow door and hull structure, which is easy to damage components such as cylinders and sensors. Summary of the invention

[0011] Aiming at the problem that the bearing chains and bearing cables are stuck in the door frame, between two sections of the gangway, hull structural parts, protruding parts of the gangway and the like during the opening or closing process of the gangway due to the flexibility, rigidity, loose length, dead weight and the like of the bearing chains and bearing cables, and the gangway cannot be opened or closed normally, a retracting and releasing device and retracting and releasing method of a bearing chain and bearing cable for a ship gangway are proposed.

[0012] The technical solution of the present invention is: a ship gangway load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device, comprising a load guide device, the load guide device comprising a load wheel and a load eye plate, the load wheel is symmetrically fixedly arranged on the hull structure relative to the center line of the hull, the load chain rope is wound around the load wheel, the load wheel guides the load chain rope, and the load wheel transfers the working load borne by the load chain rope to the hull structure;

[0013] The traction device is symmetrically arranged on the hull deck relative to the center line of the hull, and the bearing eye plate is symmetrically arranged on the deck at the bottom of the traction device relative to the center line of the hull. Derrick end eye plates are arranged on both sides of the extended end of the second section of the ramp away from the hull, and shackles are arranged on the ramp end eye plates. One end of the load chain is connected to the shackle, and the end away from the shackle bypasses the load wheel and the traction device and is connected to the bearing eye plate. The bearing eye plate fixes the load chain, and the load eye plate transfers the working load borne by the load chain to the hull structure.

[0014] The traction device is provided with a traction rope, through which the traction device is connected to the winch. The winch drives the traction rope to be retracted and released synchronously, and the traction rope drives the traction device to slide the load-bearing chain rope toward the bow or stern.

[0015] Preferably, the traction device includes a traction bracket and a pulley guide rail. The traction bracket is symmetrically fixed on the hull structure relative to the center line of the hull. Each traction bracket is a symmetrical two-section frame. The pulley guide rail is fixedly arranged on the upper inner side of the two symmetrical frames of each traction bracket. A pulley is arranged on the pulley guide rail. A guide wheel is arranged at one end of the pulley. The load-bearing chain is wound around the guide wheel. The end of the pulley away from the guide wheel is connected to one end of the traction cable. Rollers are arranged on both sides of the side of the end of the pulley close to the traction cable, and the pulley slides in the pulley guide rail through the rollers.

[0016] Preferably, a traction rope steering pulley is provided on the deck at the end of the traction bracket away from the bow, and the traction rope steering pulley is symmetrically fixed on the hull structure relative to the center line of the hull; the winch is arranged on the deck, located on the relatively inner side of the traction rope steering pulley, the winch includes a drum, the drum is a double-section drum, the end of the traction rope away from the guide wheel is wrapped around the traction rope steering pulley and is arranged on the drum, and the vertical center line of the drum coincides with the vertical center line of the hull.

[0017] Preferably, the traction rope is provided with a length adjuster, and the traction rope can be synchronously retracted and released through the length adjuster.

[0018] Preferably, the winch further comprises a servo motor, which drives the drum to rotate forward or reversely. A reduction gearbox is provided between the servo motor and the drum, which reduces the output speed of the motor and increases the torque.

[0019] Preferably, an emergency operating handle is provided on the transmission shaft of the reduction box, and the emergency operating handle is detachable.

[0020] Preferably, it also includes an electrical control system, and the servo motor and electrical control system are connected by cables. The electrical control system includes an electrical control box, a brake resistor box, and a position sensor. The electrical control box is provided with buttons or knobs and an audible and visual alarm. The winch is controlled to rotate forward or reverse by the buttons or knobs on the electrical control box, and the position sensor is arranged near both ends of the pulley guide rail.

[0021] A method for retracting and releasing a ship-use gangway load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device, the steps are as follows:

[0022] When the ramp is opened, the winch releases the traction rope, and the pulley drives the load-bearing chain rope to slide toward the bow through the guide wheel under the traction of the load-bearing chain rope, releases the load-bearing chain rope and keeps it properly tensioned to prevent the winch from being damaged by excessive backdraft of the load-bearing chain rope; after the ramp is fully opened, the load-bearing chain rope is stretched to the load-bearing state, and the load-bearing eye plate and the load-bearing wheel transfer the load borne by the load-bearing chain rope to the hull structure; during the operation of the ramp, the load borne by the load-bearing chain rope will not be transferred to the winch, causing damage to the winch;

[0023] When closing the gangway, the winch retracts the traction rope, and the pulley drives the load-bearing chain rope to slide toward the stern through the guide wheel under the traction of the traction rope, so as to retract the overly loose load-bearing chain rope and avoid interference between the load-bearing chain rope and the gangway or the hull structure. The load-bearing chain rope is stored in the traction bracket under the action of the guide wheel at the front end of the pulley; the guide wheel at the front end of the pulley serves as a movable pulley, and its moving stroke is twice the storage length of the load-bearing chain rope, which saves the installation space of the device and reduces the occupation of overall resources.

[0024] Furthermore, the operation control mode of the retracting and releasing method has three implementation modes:

[0025] A. "Constant torque" control mode: In this mode, the servo motor of the winch maintains a constant output torque in forward rotation, which acts as a driving torque after passing through the reduction box, and acts on the drum together with the load resistance torque generated by the tension of the traction rope. When the driving torque is equal to the load resistance torque, the servo motor is blocked and the drum remains stationary; when the driving torque is greater than the load resistance torque, the servo motor drives the drum to rotate forward and recycle the traction rope; when the driving torque is less than the load resistance torque, the servo motor is dragged by the drum to rotate backward and release the traction rope;

[0026] Specifically, the specific force analysis of the "constant torque" control mode is:

[0027] When the winch is working in the "constant torque" control mode, assuming that the inertia force caused by the movement of the ship is not considered, when the gangway is in any position, the forces acting on the pulley include the tension applied by the winch to the traction rope; the friction between the pulley and the pulley guide rail; the component force in the direction of the guide rail caused by the deadweight of the pulley due to the longitudinal inclination of the ship and the inclination of the pulley guide rail; the force of the deadweight of the load-bearing chain acting on the pulley through the guide wheel; the additional force applied by the gangway to the load-bearing chain, which acts on the pulley through the guide wheel;

[0028] When the tension applied by the winch to the traction rope is less than the combined force of the friction between the pulley and the pulley guide rail, the component force generated by the pulley's own weight along the guide rail, the force of the load-bearing chain rope's own weight acting on the pulley through the guide wheel, and the additional force applied by the springboard to the load-bearing chain rope, the winch will release the traction rope in the "constant torque" control mode, and the pulley will move toward the bow along the pulley guide rail; when the tension applied by the winch to the traction rope is greater than the friction between the pulley and the pulley guide rail, the component force generated by the pulley's own weight along the guide rail, and the load-bearing chain rope's own weight acting on the guide wheel When the combined force of the force acting on the pulley and the additional force applied by the springboard to the load-bearing chain rope is equal, the winch will retract the traction rope in the "constant torque" control mode, and the pulley will move toward the stern along the pulley guide rail; when the tension applied by the winch on the traction rope is equal to the combined force of the friction between the pulley and the pulley guide rail, the component force generated by the pulley's own weight along the guide rail direction, the force of the load-bearing chain rope's own weight acting on the pulley through the guide wheel, and the additional force applied by the springboard to the load-bearing chain rope, the pulley is in a force balance state under the action of the above forces and remains in this position;

[0029] When the gangplank is opened and lowered, it descends by its own weight, and the gangplank retracting and releasing device supports its own weight and controls the descending speed of the gangplank. During the lowering process of the gangplank, due to the additional force exerted by the gangplank on the load-bearing chain and the increase in the force exerted by the deadweight of the load-bearing chain on the pulley through the guide wheel, the tension exerted by the winch on the traction rope is less than the friction between the pulley and the pulley guide rail, the component force generated by the deadweight of the pulley along the guide rail, the force exerted on the pulley by the deadweight of the load-bearing chain through the guide wheel, and the additional force exerted by the gangplank on the load-bearing chain. The winch will release the traction rope in the "constant torque" control mode, and the pulley and the guide wheel fixed on it will move along the pulley guide rail toward the bow, and the load-bearing chain guided by the guide wheel will be released and lowered together with the gangplank until the gangplank is fully opened;

[0030] B. "Retract and release" control mode: that is, the ordinary winch control mode, the winch's servo motor is used as an ordinary motor, and the operator operates the button or knob on the electrical control box to make the winch rotate forward or reverse, retract or release the traction rope;

[0031] C. "Manual emergency" operation mode: When the device loses power or the electrical control system fails, by releasing the electromagnetic brake of the servo motor and shaking the emergency operation handle to directly rotate the drive shaft of the reduction box, the reel is driven manually to retract and release the traction rope.

[0032] Furthermore, the ship-use ramp load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device can be independently arranged outside the ramp control system, and can be independently controlled by the electrical control system, or can be jointly controlled with the ramp;

[0033] When under independent control, the marine gangway load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device do not have the interlocking function with the gangway, and the winch can be operated and controlled separately according to the "retracting and releasing" working mode, "constant torque" working mode or "manpower emergency" operation mode;

[0034] During joint control, the winch automatically switches to the "constant torque" working mode, and the ship's gangway load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device are linked with the gangway, and have an interlocking function with the gangway.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a marine gangplank load-bearing chain and load-bearing cable retracting and releasing device, which solves the problem that operators cannot complete the manual binding, fixing and arranging of load-bearing chains and load-bearing cables due to the flexibility, rigidity, loose length and deadweight of the load-bearing chains and load-bearing cables. When closing the lifting gangplank, the loose load-bearing chains and load-bearing cables are recovered, and the load-bearing chains and load-bearing cables are kept properly tensioned, so as to avoid the load-bearing chains and load-bearing cables being stuck in the door frame, between two sections of the gangplank, hull structural parts, protruding parts of the gangplank and the like, causing the gangplank to be unable to be closed normally or damaging the load-bearing chains and load-bearing cables, the gangplank and the hull structure; when opening and lowering the gangplank, the load-bearing chains and load-bearing cables are released, and the load-bearing chains and load-bearing cables are kept properly loose, so as to avoid the device being damaged by excessive additional load when the gangplank is lowered;

[0036] The present invention provides a method for retracting and releasing a marine gangway load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device, which realizes the release or recovery of the load-bearing chain and the load-bearing rope by the winch and the opening and lowering or closing and lifting linkage of the gangway through the "constant torque" working mode of the winch, and keeps the load-bearing chain and the load-bearing rope appropriately relaxed or tensioned during the action, thereby reducing the risk of difficulty in the operator to control the tensioning or relaxing of the load-bearing chain and the load-bearing rope by observation when the winch is in the "retracting and releasing" working mode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main view of the ship-use ramp load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device of the present invention when the ramp is in the unfolded state;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a front view schematic diagram of the marine ramp load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device of the present invention when the ramp is in a closed state;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a top view schematic diagram of the ship-use ramp load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device of the present invention when the ramp is in the unfolded state;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a top view schematic diagram of the installation of the load-bearing chain of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a schematic front view of the traction device of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 It is a left side schematic diagram of the traction bracket of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 It is a top view schematic diagram of the pulley of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of installing a traction cable on a traction cable diverting pulley of the present invention;

[0045] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the winch and the traction rope steering pulley of the present invention;

[0046] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the main view of the winch of the present invention;

[0047] Fig.11 It is a top view schematic diagram of the winch of the present invention;

[0048] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the electrical control box of the present invention;

[0049] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the pulley force of the present invention, wherein (a) is the pulley force diagram, (b) is the pulley force diagram with the springboard open, and (c) is the pulley force diagram with the springboard closed.

[0050] In the figure, the component names corresponding to the reference numerals are as follows:

[0051] 1. Load-bearing guide device; 11. Load-bearing wheel; 12. Load-bearing eye plate; 2. Traction device; 21. Traction bracket; 22. Pulley guide rail; 23. Pulley; 231. Roller; 24. Guide wheel; 25. Traction rope; 251. Length adjuster; 26. Traction rope steering pulley; 3. Winch; 31. Servo motor; 32. Reducer; 33. Drum; 34. Emergency operating handle; 4. Electrical control system; 41. Electrical control box; 411. Knob; 412. Automatic mode button; 413. Manual mode button; 414. Sound and light alarm; 415. Emergency stop button; 42. Position sensor; 5. Load-bearing chain rope; 6. Shackle; 7. Springboard end eye plate; 8. Springboard retracting and releasing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0053] refer to Figure 1 , 4As shown, the present invention provides a ship gangway load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device, comprising a load guide device 1, a traction device 2, a winch 3, an electrical control system 4, and a load chain rope 5. The load guide device 1 comprises a load wheel 11 and a load eye plate 12. The load wheel 11 is symmetrically fixedly arranged on the hull structure of the bow seal plate above the hull relative to the center line of the hull. The load chain rope 5 is wound around the load wheel 11. If the load chain rope 5 uses a chain as a load chain, the load wheel 11 uses a load sprocket; if the load chain rope 5 uses a wire rope as a load rope, the load wheel 11 uses a load pulley; the load wheel 11 plays a role of guiding the load chain rope 5 on the one hand, and on the other hand, transmits the working load borne by the load chain rope 5 to the hull structure;

[0054] The traction device 2 is symmetrically arranged on the hull deck relative to the hull centerline, and the bearing eye plate 12 is symmetrically arranged on the deck at the bottom of the traction device 2 relative to the hull centerline. Figure 3 As shown, a ramp end eye plate 7 is provided on both sides of the extended end of the second ramp away from the hull, and a shackle 6 is provided on the ramp end eye plate 7. One end of the load-bearing chain 5 is connected to the shackle 6, and the end away from the shackle 6 is connected to the load-bearing eye plate 12. The load-bearing eye plate 12 plays a role in fixing the load-bearing chain 5 on the one hand, and transmits the working load borne by the load-bearing chain 5 to the hull structure on the other hand;

[0055] When the ramp is opened and lowered to the working position, the external loads such as vehicle load, wave load, climate load, inertia force caused by ship movement and the deadweight of the ramp are borne by the load chain 5 and transmitted to the hull structure through the load eye plate 12 and the load wheel 11;

[0056] refer to Figure 5 , 6 As shown, the traction device 2 includes a traction bracket 21, a pulley guide rail 22, a pulley 23, a guide wheel 24, a traction rope 25, and a traction rope steering pulley 26. If the load-bearing chain rope 5 uses a chain as the load-bearing chain, the guide wheel 24 uses a guide sprocket; if the load-bearing chain rope 5 uses a wire rope as the load-bearing rope, the guide wheel 24 uses a guide pulley. The guide wheel 24 serves as a movable pulley, and the moving stroke is twice the storage length of the load-bearing chain rope 5, which saves the installation space of the device and reduces the occupation of overall resources; the traction bracket 21 is symmetrically fixed on the hull structure relative to the center line of the hull, and each traction bracket 21 is a symmetrical two-section frame body, and the pulley guide rail 22 is fixedly arranged on the upper inner side of the two symmetrical sections of each traction bracket 21;

[0057] refer to Figure 5 , 7As shown, a pulley 23 is arranged on the pulley guide rail 22, a guide wheel 24 is arranged at one end of the pulley 23, a load-bearing chain 5 is wound around the guide wheel 24, an end of the pulley 23 away from the guide wheel 24 is connected to one end of the traction rope 25, and rollers 231 are arranged on both sides of the side surface of the end of the pulley 23 close to the traction rope 25, and the pulley 23 slides in the pulley guide rail 22 through the rollers 231;

[0058] One end of the load-bearing chain 5 is connected to the shackle 6, and the end away from the shackle 6 passes around the load-bearing wheel 11, the guide wheel 24 at the front end of the pulley 23 and is connected and fixed to the load-bearing eye plate 12. When the ramp is closed, the pulley 23 drives the load-bearing chain 5 to move toward the stern along the pulley guide rail 22, and the redundant load-bearing chain 5 is stored in the traction bracket 21. The load-bearing chain 5 passes around the load-bearing wheel 11, and is stretched to a load-bearing state at the load-bearing eye plate 12 at the hull end and the eye plate 7 at the ramp end. The vehicle load or cargo load, wave load, climate load, inertia force caused by ship movement and other external loads acting on the ramp, as well as the deadweight load of the ramp are borne by the load-bearing chain 5, and the load borne by the load-bearing chain 5 is transmitted to the hull structure through the load eye plate 12 and the load-bearing wheel 11; during the operation of the ramp, the load borne by the load-bearing chain 5 will not be transmitted to the winch 3, causing damage to the winch 3;

[0059] refer to Figure 8 , 9 As shown, a traction rope steering pulley 26 is provided on the deck at the end of the traction bracket 21 away from the bow, and the traction rope steering pulley 26 is fixedly arranged on the hull structure symmetrically relative to the center line of the hull; the winch 3 includes a drum 33, the winch 3 is arranged on the deck, and is located on the inner side of the traction rope steering pulley 26, wherein the vertical center line of the drum 33 coincides with the vertical center line of the hull, and the drum 33 is a double-section drum, and the functions of two single-drum winches are realized by one double-section drum winch 3, saving funds and overall resources;

[0060] refer to Fig.10 , 11 As shown, the winch 3 further includes a servo motor 31, a reduction box 32, and an emergency operating handle 34. The end of the traction rope 25 away from the guide wheel 24 is wound around the traction rope turning pulley 26 and is set on the drum 33. Figure 3 As shown, the traction rope 25 is provided with a length adjuster 251, which can ensure that the two traction ropes 25 are synchronously retracted and released, and the servo motor 31 drives the reel 33 to rotate forward or reversely. A reduction box 32 is provided between the servo motor 31 and the reel 33, and the reduction box 32 reduces the output speed of the motor and increases the torque, which is suitable for occasions requiring large torque and low-speed rotation;

[0061] The winch 3 is connected to the pulley 23 through the traction rope steering pulley 26 and the traction rope 25. The winch 3 drives the pulley 23 to slide in the pulley guide rail 22 by retracting and releasing the traction rope 25. The emergency operation handle 34 is detachable and is temporarily installed on the transmission shaft of the reduction box 32 when in use. When the device loses power or the electrical control system fails, the transmission shaft of the winch reduction box 32 is directly rotated through the emergency operation handle 34, and the drum is manually driven to retract and release the traction rope to release or recover the load-bearing chain rope 5.

[0062] refer to Figure 5 , 12 As shown, the electrical control system 4 includes an electrical control box 41 and a position sensor 42; the servo motor 31 is connected to the electrical control system 4 through a cable; the power of the winch is turned on or off by a knob 411 on the electrical control box 41. After the power is turned on, the automatic mode button 412 is pressed to automatically retract and extend the load-bearing chain 5 in the "constant torque mode" or the manual mode button 413 is operated to retract and extend the load-bearing chain 5 in the "manual mode". The manual mode button 413 includes two buttons, "down" and "up". When the "down" button is pressed, the winch rotates forward to release the load-bearing chain 5, and when the "up" button is pressed, the winch rotates reversely to retract the load-bearing chain 5. ; The electrical control box 41 is provided with an audible and visual alarm 414, which sounds an alarm when a device fails. The position sensor 42 is arranged near both ends of the pulley guide rail 22. The position sensor 42 detects the specific position of the pulley 23. In the "constant torque mode", when the position sensor 42 is triggered, the power supply of the winch is disconnected, and the load-bearing chain 5 is retracted into place; The electrical control box 41 is provided with an emergency stop button 415. When a gangway or winch fails, the emergency stop button 415 is pressed to turn off the power supply of the electric control system; A brake resistor box is provided in the control room, and the brake resistor box is used to control the brake of the winch motor to prevent the winch motor from rotating too fast;

[0063] The steps of the retracting and releasing method applied to the retracting and releasing device of the ship ramp load chain and load rope are as follows:

[0064] When the ramp is opened, the winch 3 releases the traction rope 25, and the pulley 23 drives the load-bearing chain rope 5 to slide toward the bow through the guide wheel 24 under the traction of the load-bearing chain rope 5, releases the load-bearing chain rope 5 and keeps it properly tensioned to prevent the winch 3 from being excessively dragged backward and damaged by the load-bearing chain rope 5; after the ramp is fully opened, the load-bearing chain rope 5 is stretched to the load-bearing state, and the load-bearing eye plate 12 and the load-bearing wheel 11 transfer the load borne by the load-bearing chain rope 5 to the hull structure; during the operation of the ramp, the load borne by the load-bearing chain rope 5 will not be transferred to the winch 3, causing damage to the winch 3;

[0065] When closing the ramp, the winch 3 retracts the traction rope 25, and the pulley 23 drives the load-bearing chain rope 5 to slide toward the stern through the guide wheel 24 under the traction of the traction rope 25, so as to retract the overly loose load-bearing chain rope 5 and avoid the load-bearing chain rope 5 from interfering with the ramp or the hull structure. Under the action of the guide wheel 24 at the front end of the pulley 23, the load-bearing chain rope 5 is stored in the traction bracket 21; the guide wheel 24 at the front end of the pulley 23 serves as a movable pulley, and its moving stroke is twice the storage length of the load-bearing chain rope 5, which saves the installation space of the device and reduces the occupation of overall resources;

[0066] The retracting and releasing method of the ship-use gangway load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device, wherein the operation control mode has three implementation modes:

[0067] A. "Constant torque" control mode: refer to Fig.10 , 11 As shown, in this mode, the servo motor 31 of the winch 3 maintains a constant output torque (Trated) and rotates forward, and after passing through the reduction box 32 (reduction ratio is i, efficiency is η), it acts as a driving torque (iηTrated), and acts on the drum 33 together with the load resistance torque (TloadR, R is the drum radius) generated by the tension (Trope) of the traction rope 25. When iηTrated is equal to TloadR, the servo motor 31 is blocked and the drum 33 remains stationary; when iηTrated is greater than TloadR, the servo motor 31 drives the drum 33 to rotate forward and recycle the traction rope 25; when iηTrated is less than TloadR, the servo motor 31 is dragged by the drum 33 to rotate backward and release the traction rope 25;

[0068] B. "Retract and release" control mode: i.e., ordinary winch control mode, the servo motor 31 of the winch 3 is used as an ordinary motor, and the operator operates the button 411 or the knob 412 on the electrical control box 41 to make the winch 3 rotate forward or reverse, and retract or release the traction rope 25;

[0069] C. "Manpower emergency" operation mode: when the device loses power or the electrical control system fails, by releasing the electromagnetic brake of the servo motor 31, shaking the emergency operation handle 34 directly rotates the transmission shaft of the reduction box 32, and manually drives the reel 33 to retract and release the traction rope 25;

[0070] The above-mentioned ship gangway load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device can be independently arranged outside the control system of the gangway, and can be independently controlled by the electrical control system 4, or can be jointly controlled with the gangway; when independently controlled, the ship gangway load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device do not have the interlocking function with the gangway, and can be independently operated and controlled by the winch 3 in the "retracting and releasing" working mode, the "constant torque" working mode or the "manpower emergency" operation mode; when jointly controlled, the winch 3 automatically switches to the "constant torque" working mode, and the ship gangway load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device are linked with the gangway, and have the interlocking function with the gangway, that is, when the gangway and the winch 3 are all started, the gangway starts to move.

[0071] Specifically, refer to Fig.13 As shown, the specific force analysis of the "constant torque" control mode is:

[0072] When the winch 3 works in the "constant torque" control mode, assuming that the inertia force caused by the movement of the ship is not considered, when the gangway is in any position, the forces acting on the pulley 23 include the tension (Twinch) applied by the winch 3 to the traction rope 25; the friction (Ffriction) between the pulley 23 and the pulley guide rail 22; the component force (Gblock) caused by the deadweight of the pulley 23 along the guide rail direction due to the longitudinal inclination of the ship and the inclination of the pulley guide rail 22; the force (Gchain) acting on the pulley 23 by the deadweight of the load-bearing chain 5 through the guide wheel 24; the additional force (Fchain) applied by the gangway to the load-bearing chain 5, which acts on the pulley 23 through the guide wheel 24;

[0073] When Twinch is smaller than the combined force of Ffriction, Gblock, Gchain and Fchain, the winch 3 will release the traction rope 25 in the "constant torque" control mode, and the pulley 23 will move toward the bow along the pulley guide rail 22; when Twinch is larger than the combined force of Ffriction, Gblock, Gchain and Fchain, the winch 3 will retract the traction rope 25 in the "constant torque" control mode, and the pulley 23 will move toward the stern along the pulley guide rail 22; when Twinch is equal to the combined force of Ffriction, Gblock, Gchain and Fchain, the pulley 23 is in a force balance state under the action of the above forces and remains in this position;

[0074] When the gangway is opened and lowered, it descends by its own weight, and the gangway retracting and releasing device 8 supports the weight of the gangway and controls the descending speed of the gangway. During the lowering process of the gangway, due to the increase of Fchain and Gchain, Twinch is smaller than the combined force of Ffriction, Gblock, Gchain and Fchain. The winch 3 will release the traction rope 25 in the "constant torque" control mode, and the pulley 23 and the guide wheel 24 fixed thereon will move toward the bow along the pulley guide rail 22. The load-bearing chain 5 guided by the guide wheel 24 will be released and lowered together with the gangway until the gangway is opened in place;

[0075] When closing and retracting the gangplank, the gangplank overcomes its own weight and rises, and the gangplank retracting and releasing device 8 supports its own weight and controls the lifting speed of the gangplank; once the gangplank starts to rise, the load-bearing chain 5 relaxes immediately, and Fchain is substantially zero, resulting in Twinch being greater than the combined force of Ffriction, Gblock, Gchain and Fchain. The winch 3 will retract the traction rope 25 in the "constant torque" control mode, and the pulley 23 and the guide wheel 24 fixed thereon will move toward the stern along the pulley guide rail 22, and the load-bearing chain 5 guided by the guide wheel 24 will be retracted together with the gangplank until the gangplank is closed in place.

[0076] The beneficial effects are as follows: the present invention provides a marine gangway load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device, which solves the problem that operators cannot complete the manual binding, fixing and arranging of load chains and load ropes due to the flexibility, rigidity, loose length and deadweight of load chains and load ropes. When closing the lifting gangway, the loose load chains and load ropes are recovered, and the load chains and load ropes are kept properly tensioned to avoid the load chains and load ropes being stuck in the door frame, between two sections of the gangway, hull structural parts, protruding parts of the gangway, etc., causing the gangway to be unable to close normally or damaging the load chains and load ropes, the gangway and the hull structure; when opening and lowering the gangway, the load chains and load ropes are released, and the load chains and load ropes are kept properly loose to avoid the device being damaged by excessive additional load when the gangway is lowered;

[0077] The present invention provides a method for retracting and releasing a marine gangway load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device, which realizes the release or recovery of the load-bearing chain and the load-bearing rope by the winch 3 in the "constant torque" working mode, and is linked with the opening and lowering or closing and lifting of the gangway, and keeps the load-bearing chain and the load-bearing rope appropriately relaxed or tightened during the action, thereby reducing the risk of difficulty in the operator to control the tension or relaxation of the load-bearing chain and the load-bearing rope by observation when the winch is in the "retracting and releasing" working mode.

[0078] It should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the above-mentioned terms "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. The terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. "Multiple" means two or more. "Installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection.

[0079] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not any formal or substantial limitation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements and supplements without departing from the present invention, and these improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make some changes, modifications and equivalent changes made by using the technical content disclosed above, which are equivalent embodiments of the present invention; at the same time, any changes, modifications and evolutions of any equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine ramp load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a load-bearing guide device (1), wherein the load-bearing guide device (1) comprises a load-bearing wheel (11) and a load-bearing eye plate (12), wherein the load-bearing wheel (11) is fixedly arranged on the hull structure symmetrically relative to the center line of the hull, and the load-bearing chain (5) is wound around the load-bearing wheel (11), and the load-bearing wheel (11) guides the load-bearing chain (5), and the load-bearing wheel (11) transmits the working load borne by the load-bearing chain (5) to the hull structure; The traction device (2) is symmetrically arranged on the hull deck relative to the center line of the hull, and the bearing eye plate (12) is symmetrically arranged on the deck at the bottom of the traction device (2) relative to the center line of the hull. Derrick end eye plates (7) are arranged on both sides of the protruding end of the second section of the ramp away from the hull, and a shackle (6) is arranged on the ramp end eye plate (7). One end of the load-bearing chain (5) is connected to the shackle (6), and the end away from the shackle (6) bypasses the load-bearing wheel (11) and the traction device (2) and is connected to the bearing eye plate (12). The bearing eye plate (12) fixes the load-bearing chain (5), and the load eye plate (12) transmits the working load borne by the load-bearing chain (5) to the hull structure. The traction device (2) is provided with a traction rope (25), and the traction device (2) is connected to the winch (3) via the traction rope (25). The winch (3) drives the traction rope (25) to be retracted and released synchronously, and the traction rope (25) drives the traction device (2) to make the load-bearing chain rope (5) slide toward the bow or stern.

2. The marine ramp load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traction device (2) comprises a traction bracket (21) and a pulley guide rail (22). The traction bracket (21) is fixedly arranged on the hull structure symmetrically relative to the center line of the hull. Each traction bracket (21) is a symmetrical two-section frame body. The pulley guide rail (22) is fixedly arranged on the upper inner side of the two symmetrical sections of the frame body of each traction bracket (21). A pulley (23) is arranged on the pulley guide rail (22). A guide wheel (24) is arranged at one end of the pulley (23). The load-bearing chain (5) is wound around the guide wheel (24). The end of the pulley (23) away from the guide wheel (24) is connected to one end of the traction rope (25). Rollers (231) are arranged on both sides of the side surface of the end of the pulley (23) close to the traction rope (25). The pulley (23) slides in the pulley guide rail (22) through the rollers (231).

3. The marine ramp load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A traction cable steering pulley (26) is provided on the deck at the end of the traction bracket (21) away from the bow, and the traction cable steering pulley (26) is fixedly arranged on the hull structure symmetrically relative to the center line of the hull; a winch (3) is arranged on the deck, located on the inner side of the traction cable steering pulley (26), and the winch (3) comprises a drum (33), which is a double-section drum; an end of the traction cable (25) away from the guide wheel (24) is wound around the traction cable steering pulley (26) and arranged on the drum (33), and the vertical center line of the drum (33) coincides with the vertical center line of the hull.

4. The marine ramp load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The traction rope (25) is provided with a length adjuster (251), and the traction rope (25) is synchronously retracted and released through the length adjuster (251).

5. The marine ramp load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The winch (3) further comprises a servo motor (31), which drives the drum (33) to rotate forward or reversely. A reduction box (32) is arranged between the servo motor (31) and the drum (33), and the reduction box (32) reduces the output speed of the motor and increases the torque.

6. The marine ramp load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: An emergency operating handle (34) is provided on the transmission shaft of the reduction box (32), and the emergency operating handle (34) is detachable.

7. The marine ramp load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The invention also comprises an electrical control system (4), wherein the servo motor (31) and the electrical control system (4) are connected via a cable, the electrical control system (4) comprises an electrical control box (41), a brake resistor box (42), and a position sensor (43), the electrical control box (41) is provided with a button (411) or a knob (412) and an audible and visual alarm (413), the button (411) or the knob (412) on the electrical control box (41) is used to control the winch (3) to rotate forward or reverse, and the position sensor (43) is arranged near the two ends of the pulley guide rail (22).

8. A method for retracting and releasing a ship ramp load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Here are the steps: When the gangway is opened, the winch (3) releases the traction rope (25), and the pulley (23) drives the load-bearing chain rope (5) to slide toward the bow direction through the guide wheel (24) under the traction of the load-bearing chain rope (5), releases the load-bearing chain rope (5) and keeps it appropriately tensioned, so as to prevent the winch (3) from being damaged by excessive dragging of the load-bearing chain rope (5); after the gangway is fully opened, the load-bearing chain rope (5) is stretched to a load-bearing state, and the load-bearing eye plate (12) and the load-bearing wheel (11) transfer the load borne by the load-bearing chain rope (5) to the hull structure; during the operation of the gangway, the load borne by the load-bearing chain rope (5) will not be transferred to the winch (3), causing damage to the winch (3); When the gangway is closed, the winch (3) retracts the traction rope (25), and the pulley (23) drives the load-bearing chain rope (5) to slide toward the stern direction through the guide wheel (24) under the traction of the traction rope (25), so as to retract the overly loose load-bearing chain rope (5) and avoid the load-bearing chain rope (5) from interfering with the gangway or the hull structure. Under the action of the guide wheel (24) at the front end of the pulley (23), the load-bearing chain rope (5) is stored in the traction bracket (21); the guide wheel (24) at the front end of the pulley (23) serves as a movable pulley, and the moving stroke is twice the storage length of the load-bearing chain rope (5), thereby saving the installation space of the device and reducing the occupation of overall resources.

9. The method for retracting and releasing the ship ramp load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The operation control mode of the retracting and releasing method has three implementation modes: A. "Constant torque" control mode: In this mode, the servo motor (31) of the winch (3) maintains a constant output torque and rotates forward. After passing through the reduction box (32), it acts as a driving torque and acts on the drum (33) together with the load resistance torque generated by the tension of the traction rope (25). When the driving torque is equal to the load resistance torque, the servo motor (31) is blocked and the drum (33) remains stationary; when the driving torque is greater than the load resistance torque, the servo motor (31) drives the drum (33) to rotate forward and retract the traction rope (25); when the driving torque is less than the load resistance torque, the servo motor (31) is dragged by the drum (33) to rotate backward and release the traction rope (25); B. "Retract and release" control mode: i.e., ordinary winch control mode, the servo motor (31) of the winch (3) is used as an ordinary motor, and the operator operates the button (411) or the knob (412) on the electrical control box (41) to make the winch (3) rotate forward or reverse, and retract or release the traction rope (25); C. "Manpower emergency" operation mode: When the device loses power or the electrical control system fails, the electromagnetic brake of the servo motor (31) is released, and the emergency operation handle (34) is shaken to directly rotate the transmission shaft of the reduction box (32), and the reel (33) is manually driven to retract and release the traction rope (25).

10. The method for retracting and releasing the ship ramp load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ship-use ramp load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device can be independently arranged outside the ramp control system and independently controlled by the electrical control system (4), or can be controlled jointly with the ramp; When under independent control, the marine gangway load chain and load rope retracting and releasing device does not have an interlocking function with the gangway, and the winch (3) can be independently operated and controlled in a "retracting and releasing" working mode, a "constant torque" working mode or a "manpower emergency" operating mode; During joint control, the winch (3) automatically switches to a "constant torque" working mode, and the ship-used gangway load-bearing chain and load-bearing rope retracting and releasing device are linked with the gangway, and have an interlocking function with the gangway.

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