Water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft which can realize conversion between an air flight state and an underwater navigation state through unfolding and retracting wings and air propellers capable of being retracted backwards. And sailing in the air and underwater is realized through the cross-medium propelling system. The propelling system is composed of an underwater ducted propeller and an air propeller, the two propellers are driven by motors respectively, and the stability is improved while the efficiency is guaranteed. According to the invention, the switching between the power profile and the propulsion system of the cross-medium aircraft in the water entering and exiting process is realized; by adopting the retractable wings and the self-designed underwater propellers, the resistance of underwater navigation is effectively reduced under the condition of meeting air flight power. The wing retracting mode provided by the structure is ingenious, the propelling system is safe and reliable, the model is suitable for reconnaissance, fighter or defense tasks under various working conditions, and meanwhile the model can be scaled to meet the requirements of different tasks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aircraft design, and in particular relates to a water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft. Background Art

[0002] At present, unmanned aerial vehicles have been widely used, such as drones, unmanned surface ships, and unmanned underwater vehicles. For the above-mentioned single unmanned systems, there are more or less some defects. The various types of drones that have been widely used have low stealth performance and are easily targeted by enemy attacks. UAVs with water-air amphibious navigation capabilities can greatly improve combat effectiveness and battlefield survivability by taking off from land for a distance, diving into the water, and sailing to a position close to the target to launch a surprise attack underwater or out of the water. Furthermore, for submarines that have long been restricted by the special underwater environment, how to seek breakthroughs in battlefield perception and instant and efficient communication has always been an important issue related to their combat effectiveness. Commonly used are sonar, periscopes, and various antennas of different frequencies and wavelengths. However, the role of conventional equipment such as periscopes and sonars is limited by environmental conditions. In addition, many application scenarios such as maritime reconnaissance, surveillance, communication relay, and air defense countermeasures require the coordinated operation of multiple unmanned systems. Although this collaborative operation mode can achieve the corresponding functions, the addition of multiple unmanned systems increases the complexity of the entire task and reduces the reliability of the operation. Therefore, integrating the characteristics of the three unmanned systems into a new type of unmanned aerial vehicle has long-term value and important significance.

[0003] Regarding the research on water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft, most of the existing research results adopt a multi-rotor design. This design can achieve a relatively stable entry and exit process, but it cannot achieve long-distance flight, nor can it maneuver at a faster speed, and cannot achieve long-distance flight and high-speed navigation.

[0004] In order to enable the amphibious cross-medium vehicle to complete long-distance and high-speed navigation missions, a new water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] Purpose of the invention: Based on the above problems, the present invention provides a water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft configuration and propulsion system, which can operate for a long time in both water and air media and can be used multiple times.

[0006] Technical solution: A water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft, including a fuselage, wings located on both sides of the fuselage, a front air propeller located at the front end of the fuselage, and a ducted propeller located at the tail end of the fuselage; the front air propeller includes a fairing located at the front end of the fuselage, blades hinged on the fairing and extending outward, and a tension spring matched with the blades, one end of the tension spring is connected to the blade, the other end of the tension spring is connected to the fairing, and the connection point between the tension spring and the fairing is located behind the blade; the wings are connected to the fuselage through a rotating mechanism and rotate relative to the fuselage through the rotating mechanism; the wings rotate between an open state and a folded state, when in the open state, the wings extend to both sides relative to the fuselage; when in the folded state, the wings are close to both sides of the fuselage.

[0007] Furthermore, the rotating mechanism includes a rotating shaft inserted from the wing of the wing into the fuselage, a worm wheel connected to the rotating shaft, a worm gear cooperating with the worm wheel, and a wing driver driving the worm gear to rotate; the rotation of the worm gear drives the worm wheel and the rotating shaft to rotate, and an angle is formed between the span direction of the wing and the rotating shaft. When the rotating shaft rotates forward or reversely, the wing rotates relative to the fuselage to an open state or a folded state.

[0008] Furthermore, the rotating shaft and the fuselage are installed via a bearing, and the worm gear, worm and wing driver are all located inside the fuselage.

[0009] Furthermore, the front air propeller is also provided with a connecting shaft extending backward from the fairing into the fuselage, and a front driver coaxially connected to the connecting shaft is provided in the fuselage to control the rotation of the front air propeller.

[0010] Furthermore, when the air propeller speed reaches the working state, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the blades is greater than the tension of the tension spring, so that the blades are perpendicular to the fuselage; when the air propeller stops rotating, the blades are retracted backwards by the tension of the tension spring.

[0011] Furthermore, the ducted propeller is also provided with a connecting shaft extending forward into the fuselage, and a rear drive coaxially connected to the connecting shaft is provided in the fuselage to control the rotation of the ducted propeller.

[0012] Furthermore, the front driver and the rear driver are both motors, a battery is arranged between the front driver and the rear driver as a power source, and the front driver and the rear driver are respectively connected to independent batteries.

[0013] Furthermore, the fuselage is also provided with an aerial electric regulator for controlling the front drive and an underwater electric regulator for controlling the rear drive.

[0014] Furthermore, when flying in the air, the angle between the wing and the fuselage in the horizontal plane is 90°; during the water entry phase and underwater navigation, the wing is retracted backwards and the air propeller blades are folded toward the fuselage.

[0015] Furthermore, a tail wing and a vertical wing are also provided at the rear end of the fuselage.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a new design for a cross-medium aircraft. Through the unfolding and retraction of the wings and the air propeller that can be retracted backwards, the aircraft can realize the conversion between the aerial flight state and the underwater navigation state. The propulsion system of the cross-medium aircraft cleverly adapts to the flight modes in the air and in the water. The air propeller is used to pull forward in the air, and the ducted propeller is used to propel underwater to provide power. The two power devices can provide power separately and have independent energy sources, maintaining a high energy utilization rate. The present invention has a flexible mechanism, a compact structure, stable operation, and can adapt to a variety of working conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft of the present invention from another angle.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the rotating mechanism.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the wing rotating from the extended state to the retracted state relative to the fuselage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0022] Please combine Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft of the present invention includes a fuselage 8, wings 5 ​​located on both sides of the fuselage 8, a front air propeller 1 located at the front end of the fuselage, a ducted propeller 15 located at the tail end of the fuselage, a tail wing 11, and a vertical wing 10.

[0023] The front air propeller 1 includes a fairing 12 located at the front end of the fuselage, a blade that is hinged to the fairing 12 through a rotating mechanism 13 and extends outward, and a tension spring 16 that cooperates with the blade, one end of the tension spring 16 is connected to the blade, and the other end of the tension spring 16 is connected to the fairing 12, and the connection point between the tension spring 16 and the fairing 12 is located behind the blade. That is, when the speed of the air propeller 1 reaches the working state, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the blade is greater than the tension of the tension spring 16, so that the blade is perpendicular to the fuselage 8; when the front air propeller 1 stops rotating, the blade is retracted backwards by the tension of the tension spring 16 and is close to the fuselage 8.

[0024] The wing 5 is connected to the fuselage 8 through a rotating mechanism and rotates relative to the fuselage 8 through the rotating mechanism; the rotating mechanism includes a rotating shaft 17 inserted from the wing of the wing to the fuselage, a worm wheel 18 connected to the rotating shaft 17, a worm 19 matched with the worm wheel 18, and a wing driver 20 driving the worm 19 to rotate; the rotation of the worm 19 drives the worm wheel 18 and the rotating shaft 17 to rotate, and an angle is formed between the span direction of the wing 5 and the rotating shaft 17. When the rotating shaft 17 rotates forward or reverse, the wing 5 rotates relative to the fuselage 8 to an open state or a folded state. When in the open state, the wing 5 extends to both sides relative to the fuselage 8; when in the folded state, the wing 5 is close to both sides of the fuselage 8. Figure 4 As shown, the process of the wing 5 rotating from the deployed state to the retracted state relative to the fuselage 8 is demonstrated.

[0025] The front air propeller 1 is provided with a shaft extending from the fairing to the rear into the fuselage and connected to the motor 2, and the rear is connected to the air electric regulator 3. The battery 4 supplies power to the motor 2. The ducted propeller 15 is connected to the motor 9 by a shaft, and is connected to and controlled by the underwater electric regulator 7, and the battery 6 supplies power to the motor 9. The batteries 4 and 6 are located between the two motors.

[0026] When the water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft of the present invention flies in the air, the wings are in a fully extended state, forming an angle of 90° with the fuselage in the horizontal plane, the front air propeller 1 is working, and the ducted propeller 15 is in a windmill state. Before entering the water, the front air propeller 1 stops working and no longer generates centrifugal force. The blades are pulled back by the tension spring 16. When sailing underwater, the blades are in a retracted posture, and the wings 5 ​​are retracted back close to the two sides of the fuselage 8 through the worm gear. When sailing underwater, the front air propeller 1 and the wings 5 ​​are kept in a retracted state, and the ducted propeller 15 is working.

[0027] In addition, there are many specific implementation methods and approaches of the present invention, and the above is only a preferred implementation of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft, characterized in that: It comprises a fuselage, wings (5) located on both sides of the fuselage, a front air propeller (1) located at the front end of the fuselage, and a ducted propeller (15) located at the rear end of the fuselage; The front air propeller (1) comprises a fairing located at the front end of the fuselage, a blade hinged on the fairing and extending outward, and a tension spring matched with the blade, one end of the tension spring is connected to the blade, the other end of the tension spring is connected to the fairing, and the connection point between the tension spring and the fairing is located behind the blade; The wing is connected to the fuselage through a rotating mechanism and rotates relative to the fuselage through the rotating mechanism; the wing rotates between an open state and a folded state. When in the open state, the wing extends to both sides relative to the fuselage; when in the folded state, the wing is close to both sides of the fuselage.

2. The water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism comprises a rotating shaft (17) inserted from the wing of the wing into the fuselage, a worm wheel (18) connected to the rotating shaft (17), a worm (19) matched with the worm wheel, and a wing driver (20) driving the worm to rotate; the rotation of the worm drives the worm wheel and the rotating shaft to rotate, and an angle is formed between the span direction of the wing and the rotating shaft. When the rotating shaft rotates forward or reversely, the wing rotates relative to the fuselage to an open state or a folded state.

3. The water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rotating shaft is installed with the fuselage through a bearing, and the worm gear, worm and wing driver are all located inside the fuselage.

4. The water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front air propeller (1) is also provided with a connecting shaft extending backward from the fairing into the fuselage, and a front driver coaxially connected to the connecting shaft is provided in the fuselage to control the rotation of the front air propeller (1).

5. The water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the air propeller (1) reaches a working state at a rotating speed, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the blades is greater than the tension of the tension spring, so that the blades are perpendicular to the fuselage; when the air propeller (1) stops rotating, the blades are retracted backwards by the tension of the tension spring.

6. The water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ducted propeller (15) is also provided with a connecting shaft extending forward into the fuselage, and a rear driver coaxially connected to the connecting shaft is provided in the fuselage for controlling the rotation of the ducted propeller (15).

7. The water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front driver and the rear driver are both motors, a battery is arranged between the front driver and the rear driver as a power source, and the front driver and the rear driver are respectively connected to independent batteries.

8. The water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fuselage is also equipped with an aerial electric regulator that controls the front drive and an underwater electric regulator that controls the rear drive.

9. The water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft according to claim 2, characterized in that: When flying in the air, the angle between the wing and the fuselage in the horizontal plane is 90°; during the water entry stage and underwater navigation, the wings are retracted backwards and the air propeller blades are folded towards the fuselage.

10. The water-air amphibious cross-medium aircraft according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear end of the fuselage is also provided with a tail wing (11) and a vertical wing (10).

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