Frame structure building main body construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of special-shaped frame building construction, in particular to a frame structure building main body construction method which comprises the steps that a steel column is installed, the steel column comprises a lower section column and an upper section column, the upper section column is installed on the lower section column at an inclined angle, and meanwhile radial steel beams connected with the upper section column are synchronously installed. When the upper section column is obliquely mounted on the lower section column, the radial steel beams connected with the upper section column are synchronously mounted, so that the mounted position of the upper section column can be fixed by the radial steel beams, and the upper section column is not easily pulled by the arc-shaped steel beams to deform after being mounted; therefore, it is guaranteed that the fixing position of each upper section column and the corresponding lower section column is more accurate, the situation that due to the fact that the distance between every two adjacent upper section columns changes, the length of a final steel beam is not enough for erection is avoided, and the reliability and efficiency of a construction scheme of a special-shaped building structure are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a technical field, specifically a method for constructing a main body of a frame structure building. Background Art

[0002] Frame structure is a common building form, which is characterized by the main support system of the building formed by reinforced concrete or steel columns and beams. Its structural form has high flexibility and bearing capacity, and is suitable for many types of buildings, such as residential, office buildings, shopping malls and industrial plants.

[0003] The characteristics of the frame structure require the use of steel for splicing. Steel has high strength, light weight, good overall rigidity and strong deformation ability, so it is particularly suitable for building large-span, ultra-high and ultra-heavy buildings. The material has good plasticity and toughness, a large deformation amount, and can withstand dynamic loads well. At the same time, the steel frame structure is fast to build and has a high degree of industrialization, which can effectively shorten the construction period and speed up the progress of the project.

[0004] Since conventional frame building structures are usually regular, their installation methods are relatively uniform. Even for multi-story buildings, since the building structural parts of each floor are basically the same, the construction method will not change much, and the construction and installation are relatively easy. However, for steel frame buildings with irregular shapes and multi-story structures, due to their complex shapes and different structural shapes of each floor, there are many types of steel frame parts, and there are many irregular structural parts such as straight steel columns, inclined steel columns, and circular steel beams. Therefore, the difficulty of construction is greater than that of ordinary frame buildings. Not only the stability of each steel connection node during installation must be considered, but also the convenience of installation must be considered. Conventional construction methods are not very applicable. Therefore, the market urgently needs a construction method for special-shaped frame structure buildings to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method for constructing a main body of a frame structure building, which can solve the problem that the existing construction scheme is not suitable for special-shaped frame structure buildings, resulting in low installation efficiency and insufficient stability of the frame building during construction.

[0006] The present application provides the following technical solution: a method for constructing a main body of a frame structure building, comprising the steps of: installing a steel column, the steel column comprising a lower section column and an upper section column, installing the upper section column on the lower section column at an inclined angle, and installing a radial steel beam connected to the upper section column during the process; the inclined angle of the upper section column and the lower section column during installation satisfies the following relationship;

[0007] The vertical height H of the upper column / the length of the upper column = sin74°-sin76°.

[0008] Invention concept:

[0009] Since the overall shape of the special-shaped frame structure is irregular, it is often necessary to install upper section columns to connect the upper and lower steel structures. During installation, the lower section columns are usually installed on the ground first, and then the inclined upper section columns are installed on the lower section columns. Then, steel beams are erected on each main body to complete the construction of the first layer of steel beam platforms. Then, the construction is repeated to continue to build subsequent steel beam platforms layer by layer until all steel beam buildings are completed. This method is very suitable for buildings with regular upper and lower shapes. However, when the inventor used this method to construct special-shaped structures, he found that after all the upper section columns were installed, when the steel beams were erected, When constructing the beam platform, the last few steel beams were occasionally not long enough, which made it impossible to erect them between two adjacent steel columns. The inventor thought it was an installation error and did not pay attention to it. He replaced the steel beams with longer lengths to complete the steel beam erection. However, as the inventor's construction projects accumulated more and more, he found that for special-shaped structural parts, although this phenomenon occasionally occurred, it had not been eliminated. Therefore, the inventor still suspected that it was an installation error. He checked all the installation nodes and steel dimensions, but found that they were all within the design range. Therefore, the inventor tested the distance between the steel columns and found that when the steel beam was not long enough When the upper columns are connected, the distance between adjacent upper columns increases. Since the upper columns are located in the outer circle of the whole building, arc steel beams are used to connect all the upper columns, and finally a circle of circular steel beams is formed to fix the upper columns. Therefore, it must be because the connecting force of the arc steel beams pulls and deforms the adjacent upper columns, causing the distance between some upper columns to change. Therefore, the inventor thought of reducing this deformation by symmetrically installing arc steel beams. However, since the circular steel beam is a circle, if the number of arc steel beams is odd, there will always be one steel beam left at the end, and the length of the steel beam will be insufficient. situation; so the inventor changed his idea, the annular steel beam produces pulling deformation on the upper column along the circumferential direction, can we consider fixing the upper column radially before connecting the annular steel beam? It just so happens that the upper column needs to be radially connected to the steel columns of the inner circle of the building and also needs to be equipped with steel beams. So the inventor installed the radial steel beam connected to the upper column simultaneously when installing the upper column each time to offset the pulling deformation of the upper column by the annular steel beam, and improve the effectiveness and stability of the steel columns of the upper and lower columns in resisting horizontal forces such as wind loads and seismic forces by limiting the inclination angle range of the upper and lower columns, thereby solving the above problems.

[0010] Beneficial effects:

[0011] Improve the reliability of the solution and ensure the stability of the structure. When the upper section column is installed obliquely on the lower section column, the radial steel beam connected to the upper section column is installed in the same process, so that the radial steel beam can fix the position of the upper section column after installation, and it is not easy for the upper section column to be pulled and deformed by the arc steel beam after installation, thereby ensuring that each upper section column and lower section column are fixed more accurately, so as to avoid the situation where the final steel beam is not long enough to be erected due to the change in the distance between adjacent upper sections, and effectively improve the reliability and efficiency of the construction plan for special-shaped building structures. At the same time, in order to compensate for the influence of the excessively large or small inclination angle of the upper section column and the lower section column on the mechanical properties of the steel column structure, this solution limits the installation inclination angle of the upper section column and the lower section column, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity of the steel column structure and ensuring the installation stability of the steel column structure.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes the installation of embedded parts. The embedded parts installation process is carried out before the installation of the steel column, and the anchor bolts and positioning plates are embedded in the concrete column on the ground.

[0013] Beneficial effects: The embedded parts are installed before the steel column is installed, ensuring the precise position of the anchor bolts and positioning plates, providing a reliable support point for the subsequent steel column installation. The accurate installation of the embedded parts reduces the time and difficulty of on-site adjustment and improves the accuracy and efficiency of the overall construction.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes steel beam installation, which is carried out after the steel columns are installed, including horizontally welding I-beams between the steel columns to form a steel beam platform.

[0015] Beneficial effects: After the installation of the steel columns, the site has a stable supporting structure, which provides a reliable benchmark and platform for the subsequent installation of steel beams, reduces the risk of high-altitude operations, and improves the safety of construction workers. Secondly, the step-by-step construction ensures that each step can be fully quality controlled, ensuring the precise docking and installation of each link, thereby improving the stability and durability of the overall structure.

[0016] Furthermore, it also includes high-strength bolt installation. The high-strength bolt installation process is carried out after the steel beam installation is completed, including the insertion and expansion of the high-strength bolts and the tightening of the bolts.

[0017] Beneficial effects: High-strength bolts are installed during the steel beam installation process, which enhances the connection strength of the structure. The penetration and hole expansion process of high-strength bolts strictly follows the construction specifications to ensure the reliability and durability of each connection point. Bolt tightening uses professional tightening tools to ensure that the preload of each bolt meets the design requirements to prevent the building from loosening and failure.

[0018] Furthermore, it also includes high-strength bolt testing. The high-strength bolt testing process is carried out after the high-strength bolts are installed, including performance testing of the high-strength bolts.

[0019] Beneficial effects: High-strength bolt inspection is carried out after high-strength bolts are installed to ensure the performance of each bolt and the reliability of the connection point, ensuring that the performance of each bolt meets the design requirements. Inspection of the size, shape and surface quality of the bolt holes can timely detect and repair any bolt holes that do not meet the requirements, ensure the integrity and durability of the connection points, and not only improve the safety and reliability of the structure, but also reduce potential quality problems and extend the service life of the structure.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes welding construction, which is carried out after the high-strength bolt inspection process, and a welding method with structural symmetry, node symmetry, and all-round symmetry is adopted during welding.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The welding construction is carried out after the high-strength bolts are tested, and a welding method with structural symmetry, node symmetry, and all-round symmetry is adopted. This welding method can ensure the uniformity and symmetry of the weld, reduce welding stress concentration, and improve the strength and toughness of the welded joint. Symmetrical welding can also effectively control welding deformation and ensure the overall stability and geometric accuracy of the structure.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes painting construction, which is carried out after the welding construction process. During the painting construction, the surface of the steel structure needs to be sandblasted and rust-removed first.

[0023] Beneficial effects: Sandblasting can completely remove rust and impurities on the surface of steel structures, providing a clean and dry surface for painting, thereby significantly improving the adhesion and anti-corrosion effect of the anti-corrosion coating. Through sandblasting, the surface of the steel structure can reach a certain degree of roughness, which is not only conducive to improving the adhesion of the coating, but also ensures that the coating is more uniform and improves the final coating quality. The coating treatment can effectively protect the steel structure from environmental erosion and greatly extend its service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a construction flow chart of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is an axonometric view of the frame building of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Front view of the connection between the middle and lower section columns, upper section columns and radial steel beams.

[0027] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the relationship between the inclination angles of the lower column and the upper column.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the upper column being hoisted. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0030] The symbols in the drawings of the specification include: radial steel beam 1, upper section column 2, lower section column 3, connecting ear 4, connecting plate 5, arc steel beam 6, shoulder beam 7, automatic reel 8, and lifting rope 9.

[0031] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the construction method of the main body of the frame structure building includes the following steps:

[0032] 1. Install the embedded parts. Embed the anchor bolts and positioning plates in the concrete column on the ground, and all the embedded parts are arranged in a circumferential direction. All embedded parts must be inspected and dimensioned before installation. The anchor bolts are threadedly connected to the positioning plates, and the positioning plates are welded and fixed to the foundation steel bars on the ground. Then concrete is poured on them. After the concrete solidifies, the screw parts of the anchor bolts that extend out of the upper surface of the concrete are protected with tarpaulins or PVC sleeves.

[0033] 2. Installation of steel columns. The steel columns include a lower column section 3 and an upper column section 2 that are butt-jointed and fixed.

[0034] When installing the steel column, use a crane to lift the steel structure components to the corresponding installation area and then install them. The steps are as follows: S1, lift the lower column 3:

[0035] S1.1. Preparation for hoisting of lower column 3: Figure 3 As shown, the lower column section 3 includes a column section at the lower end and a connector at the upper end. The column section is in a vertical state, and the connector is bent and extended to one side. The connector is used to fix and connect the upper column section 2. The column section and connector of the lower column section 3 can adopt an integral molding structure or a segmented structure; when the column section and connector of the lower column section 3 are segmented structures, they are welded and fixed before hoisting, and then hoisted as a whole, so as to ensure the installation accuracy of the connector and the column section. The lifting point is set at the top of the column section of the lower column section 3. Since the length of the connector is much smaller than the length of the column section, it has little effect on the verticality of the lower column section 3. After the hoisting is completed, the lower column section 3 can be fixed to adjust it. A lifting lug is welded at the lifting point, and the lifting lug is fixedly connected to the lifting rope by a shackle.

[0036] S1.2. Specific hoisting method of lower column 3:

[0037] The hoisting equipment drops the hook, and the hoisting rope is hung on the hook; the hoisting equipment slowly lifts the hook, and after the hoisting rope of the hoisting equipment is fully stressed, the hoisting equipment stops lifting the hook, and the hoisting equipment, the lower column 3, the slings and the foundation are checked and confirmed, that is, whether there is any abnormality in the hoisting equipment (including checking the readings of the hoisting equipment, whether the hoisting equipment is tilted, etc.), confirm the total weight of the hoisted object and the load of the hoisting equipment, and visually check whether the lower column 3, the lifting lug, the wire rope, and the shackle are intact. After confirmation, the hoisting equipment continues to slowly lift the hook, and after lifting the lower column 3 500mm off the ground, the hoisting equipment stops lifting the hook and stays still for 2-5 minutes. After the lower column 3 is stable, the hoisting equipment, the lower column 3, the slings and the foundation are checked and confirmed again. After confirmation, the hoisting equipment continues to slowly lift the hook and slowly lift the lower column section 3 to 300mm above the installation position, and stops lifting; the hoisting equipment rotates the lower hook of the boom and lifts the lower column section 3 to the top of the anchor bolt of the embedded part for installation and fixation.

[0038] In addition, in the entire building, there are some parts with high heights, and the lower column 3 needs to be spliced ​​in multiple sections to increase the height. When splicing, the four-sided center line of the lower column 3 is aligned and matched with the cross axis of the foundation, that is, the four-sided center line of the column is extended to the edge with a ruler, and the four sides are taken into account. When the alignment or control is within the specification, the alignment of each section of the lower column 3 is completed. Then the lower column 3 is preliminarily fixed with a nut, and then the cable wind rope is pulled in four directions, and then the steel column is temporarily fixed. If the cable wind rope cannot be pulled due to height and environmental influences, a hard support method should be used for temporary fixation. After the temporary fixation is completed, under the measurement and monitoring of the surveyor, the verticality of the lower column 3 is corrected by using the cable wind rope, fall chain, jack, etc. for temporary fixation, the elevation of the lower column 3 is adjusted, and the horizontal position and spacing of the lower column 3 are processed. After the correction of the lower column 3 is completed, it is reinforced, and after confirming that the tightening is correct, the hook is released.

[0039] S2. Hoisting of upper column 2 and radial steel beam 1:

[0040] S2.1 Preparation for hoisting. Use two hoisting devices to hoist the upper column 2 and the radial steel beam 1 connected to the upper column 2 synchronously, ensuring that the upper column 2 and the radial steel beam 1 are installed synchronously to ensure the fixation of the upper column 2 after it is installed in place.

[0041] S2.2 Lift the upper column 2.

[0042] S2.2.1. Preparation for hoisting of the upper column 2: The upper column 2 is transported to the construction site in sections. Before hoisting, the sections of the upper column 2 are assembled by welding and hoisted as a whole. The welding points are then reinforced by connecting blocks. Figure 5As shown, the upper column 2 is lifted at two points, and the two lifting points are respectively set at the two ends of the upper column 2. The distance from each lifting point to the adjacent end of the upper column 2 is less than or equal to 1 / 5 of the total length of the upper column 2, and a lifting lug is welded at each lifting point. The upper column 2 is lifted by a shoulder pole beam 7, and automatic reels 8 are provided at both ends of the shoulder pole beam 7. Each automatic reel 8 includes a retractable lifting rope 9, one end of the lifting rope 9 is fixedly connected to a reel, and the reel is connected to a motor drive through a speed change gear. The motor drives the reel to rotate and reel in the lifting rope 9, and the other end of the lifting rope 9 extends out of the automatic reel 8 and is fixedly connected to the lifting lug of the upper column 2 through a shackle. The motor is connected to a controller, and the motor is controlled by the controller to adjust the extension length of the lifting rope 9. The minimum extension length of the lifting rope 9 connected to the upper column 2 is greater than or equal to 1 / 4 of the total length of the upper column 2.

[0043] The difference between the angle α between the upper column 2 and the ground when it is hoisted and the installation angle of the upper column 2 is within ±10°, that is, the angle α between the upper column 2 and the ground when it is hoisted is as close as possible to the installation angle of the upper column 2 (that is, the angle formed by the upper column 2 and the horizontal plane when the upper column 2 is installed in place). Before hoisting, the length difference of the lifting rope 9 at both ends of the upper column 2 when the angle α is consistent with the installation angle of the upper column 2 is calculated through the installation angle of the upper column 2, the length of the upper column 2, the position of the lifting lug and other data; combined with the minimum extension length of the lifting rope 9 being greater than or equal to 1 / 4 of the total length of the upper column 2, the initial extension length of the lifting rope 9 at both ends of the shoulder pole beam 7 can be obtained. By adjusting the initial extension length of the lifting rope 9 at both ends of the shoulder pole beam 7, the angle α between the upper column 2 and the ground when it is hoisted can be made as consistent as possible with the installation angle of the upper column 2. Specifically, the total length of the upper column 2 is 13 m, and the length of the shorter suspension rope on the upper column 2 is 4 m, which can effectively prevent the upper column 2 from colliding with the shoulder pole beam 7 .

[0044] S2.2.2. Specific method for lifting the upper column: the lifting equipment drops the hook, the shoulder pole beam 7 is hung on the drop hook, the lifting equipment slowly lifts the hook, the short lifting rope with a shorter length at one end of the upper column 2 is first stressed, so that the upper column 2 rotates around the column foot, and the long lifting rope with a longer length at the other end of the upper column 2 is fully stressed, and the lifting equipment stops lifting the hook; the angle α between the upper column 2 and the ground is detected by a laser level or a digital level; when the error between the angle α and the installation angle of the upper column 2 exceeds ±10°, the extension length of the short lifting rope and the long lifting rope is adjusted by the driving motor to make the error between the angle α and the installation angle of the upper column 2 within ±10°; and the lifting equipment, shoulder pole beam 7, upper column 2, and lifting equipment are adjusted. The rigging is checked and confirmed; after confirmation, the lifting equipment continues to slowly lift the hook, and after lifting the upper column 2 200mm from the ground, the lifting equipment stops lifting the hook and remains still for 2-5 minutes. After the upper column 2 is stable, the angle α between the upper column 2 and the ground is detected, and the inspection length of the short lifting rope 9 and the long lifting rope 9 is adjusted by the drive motor to make the error between the angle α and the installation angle of the upper column 2 within ±10°; the lifting equipment, the upper column 2, the rigging and the foundation are checked and confirmed again; after confirmation, the lifting equipment continues to slowly lift the hook, slowly lift the hoisted object to 300mm above the installation position, stop lifting, and the lifting equipment rotates the lower hook of the boom to lift the upper column 2 to the installation position.

[0045] S3, hoisting radial steel beam 1

[0046] S3.1. Preparation for lifting of radial steel beam 1: radial steel beam 1 is lifted at two points. Two lifting points are respectively set at the two ends of radial steel beam 1. The distance between each lifting point and the end of radial steel beam 1 is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the total length of the steel beam. During lifting, the inner angle between radial steel beam 1 and the lifting rope is greater than or equal to 45°. The selection of lifting points for radial steel beam 1 can be determined according to the specific situation, so that radial steel beam 1 does not deform and is balanced and stable after lifting. Radial steel beam 1 can be directly tied with a lifting rope, or lifted by a special clamp, or by welding a lifting lug. To prevent the wire rope from damaging the paint, the lifting point is protected with rubber. Before lifting the radial steel beam 1, clean the dirt on the surface of radial steel beam 1, and remove the floating rust before lifting.

[0047] S3.2. Specific lifting method of radial steel beam 1: The lifting equipment drops the hook and hangs the lifting rope on the drop hook; the lifting equipment slowly lifts the hook, and after the lifting rope is fully stressed and tightened, the lifting equipment stops lifting the hook, and checks and confirms the lifting equipment, radial steel beam 1, lifting rigging and other factors; after confirmation, the lifting equipment continues to slowly lift the hook, and after lifting the radial steel beam 1 200mm from the ground, the lifting equipment stops lifting the hook and stays still for 2-5 minutes. After the radial steel beam 1 is stable, the lifting equipment, radial steel beam 1, lifting rigging and foundation and other factors are checked and confirmed again; after confirmation, the lifting equipment continues to slowly lift the hook, and slowly lifts the radial steel beam 1 to 300mm above the installation position, stops lifting, and the lifting equipment rotates the boom to lower the hook and lift the radial steel beam 1 to the installation position.

[0048] S4. Install the upper section column 2 and radial steel beam 1.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, before installation, multiple positioning lines are pre-popped out at the docking ports of the column foot of the upper column 2 and the connector of the lower column 3 as the installation reference lines, and connecting ears 4 are set at each positioning line, and the connecting ears 4 are provided with bolt holes, and the connecting ears 4 are fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the upper column 2 and the lower column 3 by welding; after the upper column 2 is hoisted to the installation position, the upper column 2 is aligned with the connector of the lower column 3, and the connecting ears 4 on the connector of the lower column 3 are inserted between the two corresponding connecting plates 5, and bolts are inserted into the bolt holes on the connecting plates 5 and the connecting ears 4 of the lower column 3 and the upper column 2, and the center lines of the four sides of the upper column 2 are aligned with the center lines of the four sides of the connector of the lower column 3. When the center lines of the four sides are aligned or the deviation has been controlled within the range required by the specification, the bolts are tightened to temporarily fix them, and then the butt joints are reinforced by welding. At this time, the upper column 2 is still in the hoisting state.

[0050] Lift the radial steel beam 1 according to the corresponding lifting method mentioned above. After the radial steel beam 1 is lifted in place, align it according to the construction drawing. After alignment, fix both ends of the radial steel beam 1 at the same time. One end of the radial steel beam 1 is fixedly connected to the vertical square column of the inner circle of the building frame through a connecting plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the upper end of the upper section column 2 through a connecting component. After confirming that it is tightened correctly, release the hook. When lifting and fixing the upper section column 2 and the radial steel beam 1, measurement and monitoring should be carried out to ensure the installation accuracy of the upper section column 2 and the radial steel beam 1.

[0051] After the installation is completed, a temporary support frame can be made from No. 16 I-beam under the upper column 2 to reinforce the upper column 2 and ensure construction safety.

[0052] It should be pointed out that when hoisting the upper section column 2, it is necessary to ensure that the difference between the angle α between the upper section column 2 and the ground when hoisting and the installation angle of the upper section column 2 is within ±10°, that is, the angle α between the upper section column 2 and the ground when hoisting is as close as possible to the installation angle of the upper section column 2 (that is, the angle formed by the upper section column 2 and the horizontal plane when the upper section column 2 is installed in place). This method can improve the success of the docking of the upper section column 2 with the lower section column 3 more quickly after the upper section column 2 is hoisted to the installation position; at the same time, the inclination angle a of the upper section column 2 and the lower section column 3 when installed satisfies the following relationship:

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, the vertical height H of the upper column / the length L of the upper column = sin74°-sin76°;

[0054] The following table shows the vibration value test of the H / L ratio when the upper column and the lower column are installed using a vibration sensor:

[0055]

[0056] In the above table, when the H / L ratio is between sin74° and sin76°, the vibration value of the steel column structure is within the acceptable range. When the H / L ratio is less than sin74°, due to the smaller inclination angle a, the center of gravity of the upper column is farther away from the vertical center line of the lower column, causing the lower column to bear greater tension from the upper column, so the vibration value is too large; when the H / L ratio is greater than sin76°, the center of gravity of the upper column is closer to the vertical center line of the lower column, which reduces the ability to resist horizontal loads (such as wind loads), resulting in excessive vibration values.

[0057] 3. Steel beam installation, including horizontally welding I-beams between each steel column to form a steel beam platform. Support beams are horizontally welded between each adjacent lower section column 3 and between steel beams to form the first layer of steel beam platform, and arc steel beams are welded between each upper section column 2 of the first layer of steel beam platform to finally form a circle of annular steel beams.

[0058] The building in this embodiment has four floors. The shape of each steel beam platform after installation is elliptical. The diameter of the fourth steel beam platform at the top is smaller than that of the first steel beam platform at the bottom, and the diameters of the first steel beam platform, the second steel beam platform, and the third steel beam platform increase from bottom to top. After the above construction plan for the installation of the first steel beam platform is completed, the second, third and third steel beam platforms are gradually installed upward, and the installation steps of each steel beam platform are the same as steps 2 and 3 of the above plan, and it is necessary to ensure that the upper section column 2 and the radial steel beam 1 are installed synchronously.

[0059] 4. Installation of high-strength bolts. The installation process of high-strength bolts is carried out after the installation of each layer of steel beam platform is completed, including the insertion and expansion of high-strength bolts and bolt tightening. According to the operating procedures, when splicing various steel structures, it is necessary to use temporary bolts to initially fix all steel beams. The number of temporary bolts should not be less than 1 / 3 of the total number of bolts and no less than two. After all steel beams are installed, the temporary bolts will be replaced with high-strength bolts to avoid uneven bolt tightening force of the entire building or internal stress in the connected steel beams due to the direct one-time fixing of the bolts, which reduces the connection strength. When installing high-strength bolts, because there are multiple bolt holes on the connecting parts of the steel beam, special tools (such as boring and punching) are required to align the upper and lower bolt holes of the connecting parts on the steel beam to facilitate the high-strength bolts to pass freely through the holes, and then tighten them with a wrench to make the hole positions on the steel beam connecting parts initially aligned, and then replace all temporary bolts with high-strength bolts in turn and tighten the bolts. The tightening of high-strength bolts can generally be divided into two steps: initial tightening and final tightening. For large connection nodes with a large number of high-strength bolts, a re-tightening step can be added after the initial tightening, and the initial tightening, re-tightening and final tightening should be completed within one day. If some bolt holes cannot be aligned and the high-strength bolts cannot be inserted, it is necessary to use a reamer to trim the bolt holes. The maximum diameter of the hole after trimming should be less than 1.2 times the bolt diameter until all high-strength bolts are installed in place.

[0060] 5. High-strength bolt inspection: The high-strength bolt inspection process is carried out after the high-strength bolts are installed, including performance inspection of the high-strength bolts.

[0061] Performance testing: The rated load of high-strength bolts and joints, and the hardness test of nuts and washers should be carried out in the factory; the torque coefficient of the joint, the wedge load of the bolt, and the guaranteed load of the nut should be inspected on site before use. The anti-slip coefficient test of the friction surface can be carried out on site after the manufacturer provides the test pieces according to the specifications. The high-strength bolt tightening axial force test is carried out on site by randomly selecting high-strength bolts used for installation.

[0062] 6. Welding construction. Use structural symmetry, node symmetry, and all-round symmetry welding; use a two-person symmetric welding method for the connection points; that is, the important welds should be welded first, and the secondary welds should be welded later. The welds with large shrinkage should be welded first, and the welds with small shrinkage can be welded last. It should be noted that the deformation of the first weld is greater than the deformation of the later weld. When the corner weld and the fillet weld exist at the same time, because the corner weld shrinks more, the butt weld should be welded first, and the heat effect should be dispersed and symmetrical.

[0063] 7. Painting construction.

[0064] A. Anti-corrosion coating: Anti-corrosion treatment is carried out on the surface of steel structures. All soluble salts, grease, and drilling fluids must be removed from the surface of the components before coating. Welds and sharp edges must be smoothed, and welding slag, cuttings, and other dirt must be removed. Most anti-corrosion coating of steel structure components is completed in the factory. The specific process of anti-corrosion coating is as follows:

[0065] 1) Apply anti-corrosion primer and intermediate paint

[0066] 1-1) Surface treatment: Use shot blasting to completely remove the black skin, rust and other foreign matter on the surface of the steel structure components, and then use a vacuum cleaner or compressed air to thoroughly remove dust and iron scale, so that the surface of the steel structure components should be close to grayish white metal.

[0067] 1-2) Painting environment: The temperature of the anti-corrosion painting environment should be between 15℃ and 30℃, and the relative humidity should be below 80%. Painting should not be carried out in rain, snow, fog, or dusty environments.

[0068] 1-3) Adhesive tape: The high-strength bolt connection surface of the steel structure components, the places that need to be welded and the 100mm range on both sides should be taped after shot blasting and before painting. The tape should be removed after the primer and intermediate paint are applied.

[0069] 1-4) Primer coating construction process: Apply the first primer within 3 hours after shot blasting and rust removal; after the first primer is applied, test the primer coating thickness. After the first primer is dried and solidified, apply the next primer and test the coating thickness, repeating the process until the primer dry film thickness is above 70um.

[0070] 1-5) Intermediate paint coating construction process: After the anti-corrosion primer is applied, the first intermediate paint is applied, and the thickness of the intermediate paint coating is tested. After the intermediate paint is dried and solidified, the next intermediate paint is applied, and the coating thickness is tested. This operation is repeated until the dry film thickness of the intermediate paint is above 100um. The intermediate paint is epoxy micaceous iron paint, which has a tough film and good adhesion, flexibility, wear resistance and sealing properties.

[0071] 2) Reapply anti-corrosion primer and intermediate paint.

[0072] Due to friction and collision during transportation, technical requirements for on-site installation, etc., the coating of steel structure components is damaged, and the high-strength bolt connection nodes, welding welds and 100mm range on both sides of the steel structure components are repainted after the steel structure components are hoisted, the high-strength bolts are finally tightened, and the welding is completed and inspected. The primer and intermediate paint are repainted by brushing. The key points of brushing operation include: a small amount of paint should be applied when brushing, and the part of the brush immersed in the paint should be 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the length of the brush; for paints that dry slowly, three processes of coating, smoothing and modification should be followed; for paints that dry quickly, the paint should be brushed and modified quickly and continuously from one side of the coated object in a certain order, and it is not advisable to brush repeatedly; brushing order: generally, it should be from top to bottom, from left to right, inside first and outside later, oblique first and straight later, difficult first and easy later, so that the paint film is uniform, dense, smooth and flat; the direction of brushing, when brushing vertical planes, the last coat should be from top to bottom.

[0073] B. Fire retardant coating:

[0074] The construction of fire retardant coating for steel structure should be carried out after the steel structure is installed in place, the related components connected to it are installed and accepted, and before the interior decoration and under the condition that they are not damaged by later projects. During construction, plastic sheeting should be used to cover and protect the adjacent walls, doors and windows, mechanical equipment and other components that do not require fire protection. The newly constructed coating should be protected from rain, dirty liquids and mechanical impact. During the construction process of steel structure fire retardant coating and before the coating dries and solidifies, the ambient temperature should be maintained at 5-38°C, the relative humidity should not be greater than 90%, and the air should be circulated. Operations should not be carried out when the wind speed is greater than 5m / s, after rain, and when the surface of the components is crystallized. The specific process of fire retardant coating is as follows:

[0075] 1) Surface treatment before painting: Before painting, remove dust, oil stains, and debris from the surface of steel structure components. The gaps between steel structure components with a width of 4 to 12 mm should be filled and leveled with fire-retardant coatings or other fire-retardant materials (such as aluminum silicate fiber cotton, fire-retardant plugging materials, etc.).

[0076] 1-1) Painting environment: During the construction of fire-retardant coatings for steel structure components and before the coatings dry and solidify, the ambient temperature should be kept at 5-38°C, the relative humidity should not be greater than 90%, and the air should be ventilated. When the wind speed is greater than 5m / s, after rain, or when the surface of the components is crystallized, it is not suitable to operate. The newly constructed coating should be protected from rain, dirty liquids, and mechanical impact.

[0077] 1-2) Fire retardant coating construction process: The fire retardant coating adopts thick fire retardant coating and is sprayed by spraying device. The spraying methods include linear spraying and spiral spraying. The linear spraying is to spray the fire retardant coating along the steel structure from top to bottom or from bottom to top in a straight line; the spiral spraying is to spray the fire retardant coating around the steel structure from top to bottom or from bottom to top in a spiral direction. The two spraying methods are used alternately.

[0078] The first layer of fire retardant coating is applied by spiral spraying. The thickness of the first layer of fire retardant coating is controlled within 1cm. The bonding force between the first layer of fire retardant coating and the anti-corrosion coating is increased to prevent the fire retardant coating from falling off. After the first layer of fire retardant coating is dried and fixed, the second layer of fire retardant coating is applied. The second layer of fire retardant coating is applied by linear spraying. The thickness of the second layer of fire retardant coating is controlled within 1-2cm. After the second layer of fire retardant coating is dried and fixed, the third layer of fire retardant coating is applied by spiral spraying. The thickness of the third layer of fire retardant coating is controlled within 1-2cm. The spraying method is repeated in this way, and the spraying is repeated again and again until the fire retardant coating reaches the fire resistance limit. The coating thickness reaches 8-10cm. At the same time, the bonding force between adjacent coatings is increased, and cracks and shedding on the coating surface are effectively avoided.

[0079] The above are only embodiments of the present invention. The invention is not limited to the fields involved in this implementation case. The common knowledge such as the known specific structure and characteristics in the scheme is not described in detail here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, several deformations and improvements can be made without departing from the structure of the present invention, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection required by this application shall be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation methods and other records in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a main body of a frame structure building, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: installing a steel column, wherein the steel column comprises a lower section column and an upper section column, installing the upper section column on the lower section column at an inclined angle, and installing a radial steel beam connected to the upper section column during the process; the inclined angles of the upper section column and the lower section column during installation satisfy the following relationship; The vertical height H of the upper column / the length of the upper column = sin74°-sin76°.

2. The method for constructing a main body of a frame structure building according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes the installation of embedded parts. The embedded parts installation process is carried out before the installation of steel columns, and the anchor bolts and positioning plates are embedded in the concrete columns on the ground.

3. The method for constructing a main body of a frame structure building according to claim 2, characterized in that: It also includes steel beam installation, which is carried out after the steel column installation, including horizontally welding I-beams between each steel column to form a steel beam platform.

4. The method for constructing a main body of a frame structure building according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes the installation of high-strength bolts. The high-strength bolt installation process is carried out after the steel beam installation is completed, including the penetration and expansion of the high-strength bolts and the tightening of the bolts.

5. The method for constructing a main body of a frame structure building according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes high-strength bolt testing. The high-strength bolt testing process is carried out after the high-strength bolts are installed, including performance testing of the high-strength bolts.

6. The method for constructing a main body of a frame structure building according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes welding construction, which is carried out after the high-strength bolt inspection process. The welding method adopts structural symmetry, node symmetry, and all-round symmetry.

7. The method for constructing a main body of a frame structure building according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes painting construction, which is carried out after the welding construction process. During the painting construction, the surface of the steel structure needs to be sandblasted and rust-removed first.

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