High-temperature vacuum heat exchanger

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-temperature vacuum heat exchanger which comprises a front end socket assembly, a heat exchanger body and a rear end socket assembly. The front end socket assembly is connected to the front end of the heat exchanger body and provided with a gas inlet end, and the contact positions of the side wall of the front end socket assembly and high-temperature gas are of interlayer water cooling structures. The heat exchanger body comprises a front tube plate, a heat exchange tube, a rear tube plate, a baffle plate and a heat exchanger cylinder, the front tube plate and the rear tube plate are mounted at the two ends of the heat exchanger cylinder respectively, the heat exchange tube is arranged in the axial direction of the heat exchanger cylinder, the front end and the rear end of the heat exchange tube are connected to the front tube plate and the rear tube plate respectively, and the air inlet end communicates with the front end of the heat exchange tube. The bottom of the heat exchanger cylinder is provided with a water inlet and the top is provided with a water outlet; the baffle plates are sequentially arranged in the axial direction of the heat exchanger barrel. The rear end socket assembly is connected to the rear end of the heat exchanger cylinder. The problems that in the prior art, a heat exchanger is large in flow resistance, high in manufacturing cost, complex in external cooling water pipeline arrangement and the like are solved, manufacturing cost is lower, and flow resistance is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to gas cooling equipment, in particular to a high-temperature vacuum heat exchanger. Background Art

[0002] Common heat exchangers in high-temperature and high-vacuum environments often use a combination of direct contact heat exchange and indirect heat exchange. On the basis of direct contact heat exchange cooling, a mixed airflow of high-temperature gas and water vapor enters the indirect heat exchanger to further reduce the airflow temperature. The advantages of this cooling method are: it can reduce the heat exchange area of ​​the indirect heat exchanger and simplify the structural design of the indirect heat exchanger; it can prevent the heat exchange elements of the indirect heat exchanger from being washed by high-temperature gas, reduce the temperature stress and vibration of the heat exchange elements, and is conducive to structural design and material selection; it has a certain flame retardant and explosion-proof effect. The heat exchanger involved in this case is a kind of indirect high-temperature gas cooling equipment connected to the direct contact heat exchanger. The commonly used indirect gas heat exchanger in high-temperature and high-vacuum environments is a finned tube heat exchanger, which usually adopts the form of finned heat exchange tubes bent into concentric ring tubes, and then cooling water is passed through the tubes. The high-temperature gas is cooled after passing through the external fin structure. At the same time, according to the final temperature requirement after cooling, multiple sets of finned heat exchange tube assemblies are arranged in the axial direction to achieve the purpose of cooling.

[0003] This fin type gas cooling equipment mainly has the following disadvantages: 1. There is a large gap between the fin cooling component and the restraint container. The temperature of this part of the gas is very high, and a large-area interlayer protection structure needs to be designed to protect the restraint container; 2. The gas cooling area is cooled by fin structures one after another, the gas cooling path is tortuous, and the gas flow resistance is large; 3. This structure generally adopts stainless steel restraint containers, fin-tube heat exchange tubes and other structures, and its manufacturing cost is relatively high at the same heat exchange area; 4. The external cooling pipeline needs to be equipped with multiple cooling water inlets and outlets according to the number of fin-type heat exchanger groups, and its external cooling water pipeline is more complicated; 5. The heat exchange tube weld of the heat exchanger group is located inside the heat exchanger. When the heat exchange tube weld of the internal heat exchanger group fails, it is very difficult to repair, and sometimes only a single heat exchanger group can be replaced. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on the above description, the present invention provides a high-temperature vacuum heat exchanger to solve the problems in the prior art such as large restraint container area of ​​the gas heat exchanger in contact with the high-temperature gas under high-temperature and high-vacuum environment, large flow resistance of the heat exchanger, high manufacturing cost, complex external cooling water pipeline arrangement, and difficulty in repairing and replacing the heat exchange components inside the heat exchanger.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A high-temperature vacuum heat exchanger comprises a front head assembly, a heat exchanger body and a rear head assembly; The front head assembly is connected to the front end of the heat exchanger body, and the front head assembly has an air inlet end, and the side wall thereof and the contact position with the high-temperature gas are both sandwich water-cooling structures; The heat exchanger body comprises a front tube sheet, a heat exchange tube, a rear tube sheet, a baffle, and a heat exchanger barrel. The front tube sheet and the rear tube sheet are respectively installed at the two ends of the heat exchanger barrel. The heat exchange tube is arranged along the axial direction of the heat exchanger barrel. The front and rear ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively connected to the front tube sheet and the rear tube sheet. The air inlet end is connected to the front end of the heat exchange tube. The bottom of the heat exchanger barrel has a water inlet and the top has a water outlet. The baffles are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the heat exchanger barrel. The rear end cover assembly is connected to the rear end of the heat exchanger cylinder.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial technical effects: The high-temperature vacuum heat exchanger provided in the present application has a contact portion with the high-temperature gas only limited to the front head and the front tube plate. The interlayer area of ​​the constraint container is small, and the structural design is relatively simple. The high-temperature part of the front head assembly adopts a water-cooled interlayer structure, and the contact position with the high-temperature gas can be made of ordinary carbon steel. At the same time, the heat exchange tube is a straight tube type. The manufacturing cost of the heat exchanger is lower when the heat exchange area is the same. The cooling scheme adopts the method of high-temperature gas passing through the tube side and cooling water passing through the shell side. The high-temperature gas flows in the straight tube, the gas flow path is straight, and the flow resistance is small, which can effectively perform heat exchange cooling on the high-temperature gas.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.

[0008] Furthermore, the front head assembly includes a front connecting flange, a front straight cylinder section, a front inner head, a front outer shell and a liquid collecting ring; a sandwich groove is formed inside the front connecting flange, the sandwich groove has a pipeline connected to the outside, the side wall of the front straight cylinder section has an sandwich circulation channel arranged along the axial direction, the sandwich groove is connected to the sandwich circulation channel, the front inner head and the front outer shell form a hollow interlayer, and the liquid collecting ring is arranged at the rear end of the front outer shell and completely covers the front tube plate in the axial direction.

[0009] Furthermore, the front outer shell body is composed of a plurality of melon segments, the number of the interlayer grooves is the same as the number of the melon segments, and the interlayer grooves are connected and penetrated with the hollow interlayers corresponding to the melon segments.

[0010] Furthermore, a cooling water inlet is provided in the hollow interlayer corresponding to each melon segment, a plurality of cooling water outlets are provided in the liquid collecting ring and the front connecting flange, and the cooling water inlet and the corresponding cooling water outlet are arranged alternately.

[0011] Furthermore, a sealing step in a concentric ring structure is formed at the front end of the front connecting flange for cooperating with a sealing ring on the connected flange, and an annular gasket is provided between the sealing step and the sealing ring.

[0012] Furthermore, the front end of the heat exchange tube is sunk into the front tube plate, and a protective sleeve made of high-temperature resistant material is placed at the sunken position. The protective sleeve is welded and fixed to the front tube plate at the end, and the front end surface of the front tube plate and the inner wall of the protective sleeve are sprayed with a high-temperature resistant coating.

[0013] Furthermore, an expansion joint is formed on the side wall of the heat exchanger cylinder near the rear end.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of exhaust ports are formed on the top of the heat exchanger cylinder and a plurality of sewage ports are arranged on the bottom.

[0015] Furthermore, the water inlet is arranged near the rear end of the heat exchanger cylinder, the water outlet is arranged near the front end of the heat exchanger cylinder, and the baffle is axially arranged in the heat exchanger cylinder with upper and lower notches spaced apart, so that the cooling path between the water inlet and the water outlet is S-shaped.

[0016] Furthermore, the rear head assembly includes a rear head, a rear straight pipe section, a rear connecting flange and a sewage discharge interface. The rear head and the rear straight pipe section are welded together, and reinforcing ribs are evenly arranged around the weld. The rear straight pipe section and the rear connecting flange are welded together, and a sealing step in a concentric ring structure is formed on the end face of the rear connecting flange. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a high-temperature vacuum heat exchanger provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the front head structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A-direction view of the front head; Figure 4 for Figure 2 The front head B view in the figure; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the connection sealing structure of the front connection flange in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a melon slice cooling structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cooling water flow direction of the front head in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of the middle section of the tube bundle heat exchanger in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 9 AA sectional view of the middle section of the tube bundle heat exchanger in the embodiment of the present invention; Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the connection of the front and rear ends of the heat exchange tube in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.11 Schematic diagram of cooling water flow in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a cross-sectional view of the rear head structure in an embodiment of the present invention; Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of the temperature and pressure measurement structure of the front head in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. Embodiments of the present application are provided in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0020] It will be appreciated that spatial relationship terms such as "under", "beneath", "below", "under", "above", "above", etc., may be used herein to describe the relationship of an element or feature shown in the figures to other elements or features. It will be appreciated that, in addition to the orientations shown in the figures, spatial relationship terms also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is flipped, an element or feature described as "under other elements" or "under it" or "under it" will be oriented as "on" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "under" and "under" may include both upper and lower orientations. In addition, the device may also include additional orientations (e.g., rotated 90° or other orientations), and the spatial descriptors used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0021] It should be noted that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or connected to the other element through an intermediate element. The "connection" in the following embodiments should be understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", etc. if the connected circuits, modules, units, etc. have electrical signals or data transmission between each other.

[0022] When used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "said / the" may also include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "include / comprise" or "have" etc. specify the presence of stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts or combinations thereof.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present application provides a high-temperature vacuum heat exchanger, which includes a front head assembly 1, a heat exchanger body 2, and a rear head assembly 3 from the high-temperature gas inlet side to the low-temperature gas outlet side.

[0024] The front head assembly 1 is connected to the front end of the heat exchanger body 2, and the front head assembly 1 has an air inlet end.

[0025] Reference Figure 2 to Figure 7 The front head assembly 1 includes a front connecting flange 101, a front straight cylinder section 102, a front inner head 103, a front outer shell and a liquid collecting ring 105.

[0026] Because the front head assembly 1 is the high-temperature gas inlet side, its inlet temperature is relatively high, up to 1700K. In this application, the contact position between its side wall and the high-temperature gas is designed as a sandwich water-cooled structure so that the internal contact position with the high-temperature gas has a certain strength in a vacuum environment.

[0027] The sandwich structure adopted by the front connecting flange 101 is close to the inner side of the flange and is located below the mating flange sealing surface 107. Specifically, a sandwich groove 117 is formed inside the front connecting flange 101, and the whole is an annular structure. The sandwich groove 117 has a pipeline connected to the outside, specifically a connecting flange cooling water outlet 116 along the diameter to the outside, which is used to drain the cooling water in the sandwich.

[0028] The side wall of the front straight cylinder section 102 has an interlayer circulation channel arranged along the axial direction, and the interlayer groove 117 is connected to the interlayer circulation channel. The front inner head 103 and the front outer shell form a hollow interlayer 118. The interlayer groove 117 is connected to the hollow interlayer 118 as a whole through the interlayer circulation channel for introducing cooling water into the hollow interlayer 118.

[0029] In an embodiment of the present application, the front outer shell body is composed of a plurality of melon segments 104, the number of the interlayer grooves 117 is the same as the number of the melon segments 104, the interlayer grooves 117 are connected to the hollow interlayers 118 corresponding to the melon segments 104, and melon segment reinforcement ribs 110 are provided on both sides of the melon segments 104 for reinforcing the structure of the outer melon segments 104. Preferably, the melon segment reinforcement ribs 110 on both sides, the outer melon segments 104, and the front inner head 103 together constitute the cooling channels of the front inner head 103 and the front straight tube section 102, and a cooling water inlet nozzle 111 is designed on the front straight tube section 102 for introducing the outer cooling water into the cooling channels of the melon segments 104.

[0030] A cooling water inlet nozzle 111 is designed on the front straight section 102, which is used to introduce the outer cooling water into each cooling channel of the melon slice. A liquid collecting ring 105 is designed at the end of the melon slice cooling channel structure. The liquid collecting ring 105 is an annular structure, which is used to collect the cooling water in the liquid collecting ring 105. At the same time, the liquid collecting ring 105 completely covers the front tube plate 112 in the axial space, which can protect the welding seam between the inner head and the front tube plate 112 in the liquid collecting ring, and prevent the high-temperature gas from damaging the weld between the inner head and the front tube plate 112. Among them, the liquid collecting ring 105 is radially arranged with a plurality of cooling water outflow channels 113, which are used to guide the cooling water in the interlayer cooling channel. A drain hole 114 is designed at the bottom of the liquid collecting ring to drain the accumulated water in the interlayer. A through pipe 115 is designed from the inner head to the outer melon slice to discharge the sewage cooled in the front head.

[0031] The interlayer groove 117 inside the front connecting flange 101 and the cooling groove of the melon-shaped segment 104 structure of the inner head assembly are a through structure, and the number of cooling channels in each melon-shaped segment is the same as the number of channels leading to the front connecting flange, which can ensure uniform circulation of cooling water. At the same time, the cooling water inlet 111 of the cooling channel and the liquid collecting ring 105 and the cooling water outlet 113, 116 of the front connecting flange 101 are staggered, which can effectively ensure uniform flow resistance of cooling water in each part and have a better cooling effect.

[0032] Preferably, a sealing step 107 in a concentric ring structure is formed at the front end of the front connecting flange 101, which is used to cooperate with the sealing ring on the connected flange 108. An annular gasket 109 is arranged between the sealing step and the sealing ring. When the gasket 109 is placed in the middle position of the two sealing structures, the gasket 109 will be pressed into a "W"-shaped structure, which can effectively ensure the reliable connection of the flange sealing surface and prevent vacuum leakage during use.

[0033] Among them, refer to Figure 8~Figure 11The heat exchanger body 2 adopts a shell and tube structure, with high-temperature gas passing through the tube side and cooling water passing through the shell side. It includes a front tube sheet 201, a heat exchange tube 202, a rear tube sheet 203, a baffle 204, and a heat exchanger barrel 205. The front tube sheet 201 and the rear tube sheet 203 are respectively installed at both ends of the heat exchanger barrel 205. The front tube sheet 201 is welded with fillet welds. The heat exchange tube 202 is arranged along the axial direction of the heat exchanger barrel 205. The front and rear ends of the heat exchange tube 202 are respectively connected to the front tube sheet 201 and the rear tube sheet 203. The air inlet end is connected to the front end of the heat exchange tube 202. The bottom of the heat exchanger barrel 205 has a water inlet 214 and the top has a water outlet 213. The baffles 204 are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the heat exchanger barrel 205.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the front end of the heat exchange tube 202 is sunk into the front tube plate 201, which can reduce the temperature of the weld position of the front tube plate 201, and a protective sleeve 210 made of high temperature resistant material is placed at the sunken position. The protective sleeve 201 is welded and fixed to the front tube plate 201 at the end. After the welding of the front tube plate 201 is completed, the front tube plate 201 is polished and smoothed, and then a high temperature resistant coating is sprayed on the windward side (i.e., the air intake side) of the front tube plate 201 and the axial length range of the protective sleeve 210. The high temperature resistant coating used in the present invention is chromium trioxide, which has strong high temperature stability. The protective sleeve 210 structure and the high temperature resistant coating are used in combination, which can effectively reduce the influence of high temperature gas on the weld of the front tube plate, so that the weld of the heat exchanger is structurally stable and reliable when used in a high temperature environment.

[0035] The heat exchange tube 202 and the rear tube sheet 203 are welded by groove welding plus fillet welding. Since the high-temperature gas passes through the cooling operation of the tube bundle, its outlet temperature is relatively low. This structure can ensure the strength of the weld.

[0036] Preferably, an expansion joint 206 is formed on the side wall of the heat exchanger cylinder 205 near the rear end, and an expansion joint 206 is designed on the low-temperature gas outlet side of the rear part of the heat exchanger cylinder 205, which can effectively compensate for the expansion difference between the high-temperature heat exchange tube 202 and the low-temperature heat exchanger cylinder 205 when the heat exchanger is running.

[0037] Among them, a plurality of exhaust ports 211 are designed at the top of the heat exchanger cylinder 205, which are used to exhaust excess air inside the heat exchanger before the operation of the heat exchanger to ensure the coverage area of ​​the cooling water; at the same time, a plurality of sewage ports 212 are designed at the bottom of the heat exchanger cylinder 205, which can drain the accumulated water inside the heat exchanger cylinder 205 to prevent the residual cooling water from corroding the heat exchanger and the residual water from freezing after the heat exchanger is used up, which will affect the further use of the heat exchanger.

[0038] The heat exchanger saddle is the supporting component of the entire heat exchanger. In the embodiment of the present application, a double saddle type is adopted, and one of the two saddles is a fixed saddle 209, and the other is a sliding saddle 208. The fixed saddle 209 is arranged on the heat exchanger cylinder 205 close to the high-temperature air inlet side, and the sliding saddle 208 is slidably arranged on the air outlet side close to the low-temperature gas. This can ensure that the heat exchanger cylinder 205 can expand freely due to heat during operation, and at the same time, it can also ensure the stability of the supporting structure of the entire heat exchanger when in use. As a preferred embodiment, the water inlet 214 is arranged near the rear end of the heat exchanger cylinder 205, and the water outlet 213 is arranged near the front end of the heat exchanger cylinder 205. The baffle 204 is axially arranged in the heat exchanger cylinder 205 with upper and lower notches spaced apart, so that the cooling path between the water inlet 214 and the water outlet 213 is S-shaped. The baffle 204 adopts a horizontal single-bow type, and its upper and lower notches are spaced apart, which can ensure that the cooling water flows evenly along the S-shaped channel to ensure a better heat exchange effect. The baffle 204 is relatively fixed by a pull rod 207 connected to the rear tube sheet 203.

[0039] Specifically, there are three water outlets 213, which are arranged at a predetermined interval angle along the circumferential direction.

[0040] On the basis of the above structure, the cooling water and the high-temperature gas flow in opposite directions, that is, the cooling water inlet 214 of the heat exchanger is on the low-temperature side of the gas, and the water outlet 213 is on the high-temperature gas inlet side. This arrangement direction allows the low-temperature water to cool the low-temperature gas, and the high-temperature water to cool the high-temperature gas, so as to improve the cooling efficiency of the cooling water. The cooling water inlet and outlet adopt the method of bottom water inlet and top water outlet. The water inlet is located at the lower part of the low-temperature side of the heat exchanger cylinder gas, and there are three water outlets, which are located at the top of the cylinder 205 on the air inlet side of the heat exchanger and arranged at a certain angle. It can effectively ensure that the water vapor or cooling water can be discharged smoothly after the temperature of the cooling water rises, the volume expands, and part of the cooling water is vaporized. The heat exchanger tube bundle adopts straight tubes, and its gas flow channel is relatively smooth, and the overall flow resistance of the heat exchange tube is low.

[0041] The rear head assembly 3 is connected to the rear end of the heat exchanger cylinder 2 .

[0042] The rear end cap assembly 3 is a single-layer structure. Since the temperature of the high-temperature gas will decrease after passing through the tube bundle and cooling water, the existing single-layer structure can meet the strength requirements. The rear end cap mainly consists of a rear end cap 301, a rear straight pipe section 302, a rear connecting flange 303, a rear reinforcing rib 304, and a sewage discharge interface 305. The rear end cap 301 and the rear straight tube section 302 are welded structures, and rear reinforcing ribs 304 are evenly arranged at the circumferential position of the weld for connecting the rear end cap 301 and the rear straight tube section 302. The rear straight tube section 302 and the rear connecting flange 303 are welded structures. Two concentric annular sealing surfaces are designed on the right side of the rear connecting flange 303 and the position of the matching connecting flange, and a sealing ring is arranged at the center of the two concentric circular rings on the connected flange (its structure is the same as the sealing surface structure of the front end cap assembly, which will not be repeated here). A sewage discharge interface 305 leading to the outside is designed at a lower position of the rear head, which can discharge the condensed water in the head to prevent corrosion of the rear head 3 and the tube bundle heat exchanger body 2 structure.

[0043] Reference Fig.12 , Fig.13 The heat exchanger of the present invention needs to monitor the temperature and pressure of the gas entering and flowing out of the heat exchanger, so a temperature measuring side pressure interface is designed on the inlet side of the high-temperature gas and the outlet side of the low-temperature gas, and the gas parameters are monitored by sensors. The high-temperature side measuring point is arranged on the front head assembly 1, and the low-temperature side measuring point (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the rear head assembly 3. Because the front head assembly 1 is a sandwich structure, the temperature and pressure measuring points need to pass through the front head melon segment 104 structure and the front inner head 103. The pressure measuring point adopts a penetrating air guide pipe 402, and the temperature measuring point adopts a protective cone sleeve 401 type, which can prevent high temperature from damaging the temperature sensitive components.

[0044] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high temperature vacuum heat exchanger, characterized in that: It includes a front head assembly, a heat exchanger body and a rear head assembly; The front head assembly is connected to the front end of the heat exchanger body, and the front head assembly has an air inlet end, and the side wall thereof and the contact position with the high-temperature gas are both sandwich water-cooling structures; The heat exchanger body comprises a front tube sheet, a heat exchange tube, a rear tube sheet, a baffle, and a heat exchanger barrel. The front tube sheet and the rear tube sheet are respectively installed at the two ends of the heat exchanger barrel. The heat exchange tube is arranged along the axial direction of the heat exchanger barrel. The front and rear ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively connected to the front tube sheet and the rear tube sheet. The air inlet end is connected to the front end of the heat exchange tube. The bottom of the heat exchanger barrel has a water inlet and the top has a water outlet. The baffles are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the heat exchanger barrel. The rear head assembly is connected to the rear end of the heat exchanger cylinder.

2. The high temperature vacuum heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front head assembly includes a front connecting flange, a front straight section, a front inner head, a front outer shell and a liquid collecting ring; an interlayer groove is formed inside the front connecting flange, and the interlayer groove has a pipeline connected to the outside, the side wall of the front straight section has an interlayer circulation channel arranged along the axial direction, and the interlayer groove is connected to the interlayer circulation channel, the front inner head and the front outer shell form a hollow interlayer, and the liquid collecting ring is arranged at the rear end of the front outer shell and completely covers the front tube plate in the axial direction.

3. The high temperature vacuum heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front outer shell body is composed of a plurality of melon segments, the number of the interlayer channels is the same as the number of the melon segments, and the interlayer channels are connected and penetrated with the hollow interlayers corresponding to the melon segments.

4. The high temperature vacuum heat exchanger according to claim 3, characterized in that: A cooling water inlet is correspondingly arranged in the hollow interlayer corresponding to each melon segment, and a plurality of cooling water outlets are correspondingly arranged in the liquid collecting ring and the front connecting flange, and the cooling water inlet and the corresponding cooling water outlet are staggered.

5. The high temperature vacuum heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sealing step in a concentric ring structure is formed at the front end of the front connecting flange for cooperating with a sealing ring on the connected flange, and an annular gasket is arranged between the sealing step and the sealing ring.

6. The high temperature vacuum heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The front end of the heat exchange tube is sunk into the front tube plate, and a protective sleeve made of high temperature resistant material is placed at the sunken position. The protective sleeve is welded and fixed to the front tube plate at the end, and the front end surface of the front tube plate and the inner wall of the protective sleeve are sprayed with a high temperature resistant coating.

7. The high temperature vacuum heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that: An expansion joint is formed on the side wall of the heat exchanger cylinder near the rear end.

8. The high temperature vacuum heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the heat exchanger cylinder is formed with a plurality of exhaust ports and the bottom is provided with a plurality of sewage outlets.

9. The high temperature vacuum heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water inlet is arranged near the rear end of the heat exchanger cylinder, the water outlet is arranged near the front end of the heat exchanger cylinder, and the baffle is axially arranged in the heat exchanger cylinder with upper and lower notches spaced apart, so that the cooling path between the water inlet and the water outlet is S-shaped.

10. The high temperature vacuum heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rear head assembly includes a rear head, a rear straight pipe section, a rear connecting flange and a sewage discharge interface. The rear head and the rear straight pipe section are welded together, and reinforcing ribs are evenly arranged at the circumferential position of the weld. The rear straight pipe section and the rear connecting flange are welded together, and the end face of the rear connecting flange is formed with a sealing step in a concentric ring structure.

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