Mechanical scalpel used in airway
By designing a mechanical scalpel that does not generate heat and using a hard mirror sheath to enter the airway cavity, the problem of not taking into account the cutting efficiency and treatment effect of existing high and low-temperature tools is solved, and efficient and thermally-free Airway cleavage is suitable for the treatment of benign scar hyperplasia airway stenosis.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411847799.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-18
AI Technical Summary
When treating airway diseases such as airway stenosis, existing high and low-temperature tools have defects in the inability to take into account the cutting efficiency and treatment effect, as well as the side effects of its own hot and cold, and it is particularly difficult to effectively deal with benign scar-proliferative airway stenosis.
A mechanical scalpel is designed to enter the airway cavity through a hard mirror sheath tube. It adopts a structure of a blade, a connecting rod and an operating part. The blade can enter and exit the sheath cavity, and the cutting process does not generate heat, which is suitable for different shapes. Blades to match different lesion tissues.
It has achieved efficient cutting of protruding lesions, no temperature changes during the cutting process, which reduces the postoperative recurrence rate, improves airway ventilation, and provides a treatment method suitable for benign scar hyperplasia airway stenosis.
Smart Images
Figure CN119454175A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the field of medical instruments, and in particular relates to a mechanical scalpel used in the airway, which enters the airway cavity with the aid of a hard mirror sheath tube and cuts diseased tissue at room temperature. Background Art
[0002] With the development of bronchoscopic technology and its associated technologies such as thermal coagulation, cryosurgery, balloon dilatation, and stent implantation, bronchoscopic interventional treatment of airway stenosis, especially benign airway stenosis, has gradually become an important means to replace surgical operations. At present, the most common surgical tools with cutting functions used in bronchoscopic interventional treatment are various thermal coagulation tools based on electrosurgery. In addition, there are also freeze-thaw and freezing tools such as cryoprobes.
[0003] According to the temperature impact of the above-mentioned surgical knives on the surrounding tissues of the cutting target, they can be divided into two categories: one is the knife that can increase the temperature of the surrounding tissues of the cutting target (hereinafter referred to as: high-temperature knife), that is, the thermal coagulation cutting knife. High-temperature knives can cause the local high-temperature gasification or charring of the cutting target tissue to be removed, and at the same time, the temperature of the surrounding tissues will also increase. The reasons for the increase in the temperature of the surrounding tissues are, in addition to the local high temperature generated when cutting the target tissue being transmitted to the surroundings through heat conduction, there are also related knives based on electric knives, which cause oscillation heat generated by high-frequency vibration of the surrounding tissues. This oscillation heat is the same as the formation principle of local high temperature at the cutting site, but the energy density is lower than that of the cutting site. The depth of damage to the surrounding tissues cannot be ignored. Severe cases will damage the cartilage ring, causing airway collapse, and even airway perforation.
[0004] The other type is a tool that can lower the temperature of surrounding tissues (hereinafter referred to as: cryogenic tools), namely freeze-thaw and cryo-cutting tools. Cryogenic tools can cause the local temperature of the target tissue to drop suddenly, and the cell tissue freezes and becomes brittle and is removed or destroyed. During the freeze-thaw and cryo-cutting process, the temperature of the surrounding tissue can be lowered. The reason for the lowering of the temperature of the surrounding tissues is that the low temperature generated locally at the cutting site is transmitted to the surroundings by heat and cold conduction. The farther away from the cold source, the smaller the temperature change. Therefore, deeper tissues are generally not significantly damaged.
[0005] Clinical observations have found that high-temperature knives and low-temperature knives not only have significant differences in cutting efficiency, but also in treatment effects. High-temperature knives have high cutting efficiency, but the rate of tissue proliferation after surgery is significantly faster than that of low-temperature knives, which is prone to recurrence and leads to airway stenosis again; while low-temperature knives have low cutting efficiency and are not suitable for the removal of large lesions and scar tissue with low water content, but the postoperative tissue proliferation is relatively slow, and the treatment effect is better than that of high-temperature knives. Comparative observations have found that the difference in surgical treatment effects between high-temperature and low-temperature knives is significantly associated with whether the surgical knives generate heat. Further analysis shows that the deeper reason for the difference in treatment effects may be related to the different depths of damage to surrounding tissues caused by high-temperature and low-temperature knives. In addition to heat conduction, the factors that cause damage to surrounding tissues caused by high-temperature knives such as electric knives also include oscillating heat that cannot be ignored. The combined effect of conduction heat and oscillating heat on the surrounding tissues may make the depth of damage involved greater; while low-temperature knives only cause tissue damage caused by cold and heat conduction factors. As long as the reasonable cooling capacity is controlled, the depth of damage involved is smaller than the former. However, regardless of whether it is a high-temperature or low-temperature knife, the cutting principle determines that in the process of using the two, in addition to the inevitable damage to the cut surface, it will also cause a certain depth of damage to the surrounding tissues of the cutting site. The depth of damage to the surrounding tissues caused by high-temperature knives due to the dual effects of conductive heat and oscillating heat may be greater than the depth of damage caused by the simple low-temperature transmission of low-temperature knives. Therefore, the clinical manifestation is that the postoperative tissue proliferation rate of high-temperature knives is faster than that of low-temperature knives, and the postoperative recurrence rate is higher.
[0006] In actual clinical treatment, in order to improve cutting efficiency and avoid the side effects of thermal stimulation of high-temperature knives and the disadvantages of low-temperature knives' low cutting efficiency, surgeons will try to use the inclined surface of the front end of the hard endoscope sheath to shovel and cut some large pieces of granulation tissue that are obviously protruding in the airway cavity, and use electric knives, clamps and other tools to assist in the operation. Comparative observations have found that patients who use shoveling as the main treatment method have a lower postoperative recurrence rate, better treatment effect than electric knives, and significantly higher cutting efficiency than low-temperature knives. However, this method cannot achieve satisfactory shoveling effects on granulation tissue that is not obviously protruding or scar tissue with a tough texture.
[0007] The use of the front bevel of the hard endoscope sheath tube for shoveling is essentially mechanical cutting, and no heat is generated during the cutting process. Therefore, the mechanical cutting method takes into account the advantages of both high and low temperature surgical knives and abandons their disadvantages. At present, there are no suitable mechanical knives available for bronchoscopic interventional treatment.
[0008] Although high- and low-temperature knives have their own advantages, they are still powerless in the face of benign scar hyperplastic airway stenosis. Although high-temperature knives can easily remove this type of scar tissue, tissue hyperplasia will occur soon after the operation. Repeated use of high-temperature knives for cutting will cause the lesion to continue to expand and even cause tracheal collapse, ultimately losing the opportunity for treatment. Clinical practice has shown that high-temperature knives are not suitable for interventional treatment of this type of patients; and low-temperature knives have low cutting efficiency for scar tissue with low water content, and cannot play their due role well, ultimately leading to benign scar hyperplastic airway stenosis, which has become a recognized treatment problem in the field of respiratory intervention. From a treatment perspective, one of the important reasons for this problem is the lack of suitable and effective surgical knives.
[0009] In summary, the high and low temperature knives in the prior art have the defects of not being able to balance cutting efficiency and treatment effect and having their own cold and hot side effects in the treatment of airway diseases such as benign cicatricial hyperplastic airway stenosis.
[0010] Inspired by the good therapeutic effect of the oblique shoveling method at the front end of the rigid endoscope sheath, a mechanical surgical tool with high cutting efficiency and no heat generation during the cutting process is studied to solve the defects of existing high and low temperature tools that cannot take into account both cutting efficiency and therapeutic effects and their own cold and hot side effects. It has positive significance for improving the treatment effect of airway stenosis, reducing the recurrence rate, reducing the number of interventional treatments, completing postoperative airway shaping as soon as possible, and curing and restoring the patient's airway function. Summary of the invention
[0011] The main technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a surgical tool that enters the airway cavity through a hard endoscope sheath, can effectively cut raised diseased tissue, and has no temperature change during the cutting process, so as to solve the defects of existing high and low temperature tools that cannot take into account both cutting efficiency and treatment effect and have their own cold and hot side effects.
[0012] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a mechanical scalpel used in the airway, characterized in that: it includes a blade, a connecting rod and an operating part. The operating part includes a handpiece and a force-applying member. The connecting rod is a hard straight rod composed of a knife connecting rod and a sheath connecting rod that are movably connected and can move axially relative to each other. The front end of the sheath connecting rod is provided with a scabbard located on one side thereof and capable of accommodating a blade, and the rear end is connected to the handpiece. The front end of the knife connecting rod is fixedly connected to the blade and keeps the blade located on one side thereof with the blade facing backwards, and the rear end is connected to the force-applying member. The force-applying member can drive the knife connecting rod to move forward and backward relative to the sheath connecting rod and the handpiece, and the blade moves synchronously therewith and can enter and exit the scabbard cavity.
[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a mechanical scalpel that can be used in the airway, which has high cutting efficiency and no temperature change during the cutting process, and no cold and hot side effects. It can effectively reduce the postoperative recurrence rate and is beneficial to the shaping of the patient's airway. The different functions of blades of different shapes are consistent with the actual needs of surgical treatment of airway stenosis diseases; a planar blade or blade group can cut a longitudinal incision to cut off the circumferential fiber bundles of the airway lesion tissue, and can obtain a good balloon dilation effect under a lower balloon pressure, and a planar single-edged blade can also perform circumferential cutting parallel to the airway wall; and a U-shaped curved special-shaped blade can scrape the lesion tissue along the airway, and remove the lesion protrusions occupying the airway layer by layer in a thin layer cutting manner, effectively improving ventilation. Therefore, the present invention solves the defects of the existing high and low temperature knives that cannot take into account both the cutting efficiency and the treatment effect and the cold and hot side effects themselves, and also provides a suitable and effective surgical knife to solve the treatment problem of benign scar hyperplastic airway stenosis in the field of respiratory intervention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention
[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the U-shaped curved blade located in the scabbard cavity
[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding sleeve structure set on the knife connecting rod
[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spring pressure mechanism set in the scabbard cavity
[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spring pressure mechanism set in front of the sheath connecting rod
[0019] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the spring pressure mechanism
[0020] Figure 7 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the sliding sleeve corresponding to the blade position
[0021] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the concave-convex connection structure along the main surface of the crossbar.
[0022] Explanation of the reference numerals: 1-blade, 2-blade connecting rod, 3-scabbard connecting rod, 31-slide, 4-scabbard, 5-handpiece, 51-handle, 52-cross bar, 6-force applying member, 7-elastic pressure sheet, 71-short arm of the crutch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The technical solutions and embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[0024] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a mechanical scalpel for use in the airway is characterized in that it includes a blade 1, a connecting rod and an operating part. The operating part includes a handpiece 5 and a force-applying member 6. The connecting rod is a hard straight rod composed of a knife connecting rod 2 and a sheath connecting rod 3 that are movably connected and can move axially relative to each other. The front end of the sheath connecting rod 3 is provided with a scabbard 4 located on one side thereof and capable of accommodating the blade 1, and the rear end is connected to the handpiece 5. The front end of the knife connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected to the blade 1 and keeps the blade located on one side thereof with the blade facing backwards, and the rear end is connected to the force-applying member 6. The force-applying member 6 can drive the knife connecting rod 2 to move forward and backward relative to the sheath connecting rod 3 and the handpiece 5, and the blade 1 moves synchronously therewith and can enter and exit the scabbard cavity.
[0025] Specifically, see Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 7 The blade 1 is a flat single-edged blade. The front end of the knife connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected to the blade 1 and keeps the blade on one side thereof, with the tip of the blade about 2-3 mm away from the knife connecting rod, and the two form a sickle shape with the blade facing backwards.
[0026] Further, see Figure 3 , Figure 7 The front rod body of the sheath connecting rod 3 is flat, with a longitudinal groove in the middle to accommodate the knife connecting rod 2, and a sliding sleeve 31 that is sleeved on the rod body and can move forward and backward. The knife connecting rod 2 is located in the longitudinal groove of the sheath connecting rod 3 and forms a moving pair with it, and the side that is fixed to the blade 1 is flush with the notch. The sliding sleeve 31 has an N-shaped cross section, about 3-4 cm long, sleeved on the front of the sheath connecting rod 3 and surrounds the outer circumference of the corresponding rod body except the notch, and one side of the notch is about 1 mm away from the sheath connecting rod. The tip of the blade 1 is about 3 mm away from the knife connecting rod, and the blade can pass through the middle of the sliding sleeve.
[0027] Specifically, the blade 1 is a blade set consisting of two or more planar single-edged blades arranged in parallel and with the same blade edges. The front end of the blade connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected to one end of each single-edged blade of the blade set, and the blade set is kept on one side thereof, with the blade tip about 2 mm away from the blade connecting rod, and the side projections of the two are sickle-shaped with the blade edges facing backwards.
[0028] Specifically, see Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6The blade 1 is a special-shaped blade with a blade body and a blade edge in a U-shaped bend, and the U-shaped bend is about 3-5 mm. The left and right sides of the front end of the blade connecting rod 2 are respectively connected to the two ends of the top of the blade U-shaped bend, and the blade edge at the bottom of the blade bend is kept about 2 mm away from the blade connecting rod, and the side projections of the two are sickle-shaped with the blade edge facing backwards.
[0029] Further, see Figure 4 , Figure 5 The scabbard 4 is provided with a spring mechanism including a spring sheet 7 in its scabbard cavity or on the front rod of the scabbard connecting rod 3. When the blade 1 is in the scabbard cavity, the spring sheet 7 presses against the blade connecting rod 2. When the blade is driven by the blade connecting rod to move out of the scabbard cavity or move backward, the spring sheet moves to the side of the U-shaped bending bottom of the blade under the action of elastic force. On the contrary, when the blade re-enters the scabbard cavity or moves forward, the spring sheet moves back to its original position.
[0030] Specifically, see Figure 1 The operating part includes a hand piece 5 and a force applying member 6. The hand piece 5 is pistol-shaped and consists of a handle 51 for easy gripping and a cross bar 52 located at the top of the handle. The cross bar 52 is a flat rectangular frame whose main surface is consistent with the hand piece 5, and the front part of the frame is connected to the sheath connecting rod 3 and keeps the center lines of the two overlapping. The force applying member 6 is located in the frame frame of the cross bar 52 and is slidably connected to it and connected to the knife connecting rod 2. The force applying member can drive the knife connecting rod to move forward and backward relative to the cross bar under the drive of external force.
[0031] Further, see Figure 1 The rear part of the sheath connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the front part of the cross bar 52. The rear end of the knife connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected to the front end of the force applying member 6, and the force applying member can drive the knife connecting rod to move forward and backward relative to the cross bar 52.
[0032] Further, see Figure 8 The connecting rod and the operating part are provided with a concave-convex connection structure at the connection position between the two, which can be easily connected and disassembled. The rear end of the sheath connecting rod 3 and the front end of the cross bar 52 are firmly connected through the corresponding concave-convex structure, and the knife connecting rod 2 and the force applying member 6 are connected through the corresponding concave-convex structure, and the force applying member can drive the knife connecting rod to pass through the connection position between the sheath connecting rod and the cross bar and move forward and backward relative to the cross bar 52.
[0033] Embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention
[0034] like Figure 1As shown, a mechanical scalpel for use in the airway is characterized in that it includes a blade 1, a connecting rod and an operating part. The operating part includes a handpiece 5 and a force-applying member 6. The connecting rod is a hard straight rod composed of a knife connecting rod 2 and a sheath connecting rod 3 that are movably connected and can move axially relative to each other. The front end of the sheath connecting rod 3 is provided with a scabbard 4 located on one side thereof and capable of accommodating the blade 1, and the rear end is connected to the handpiece 5. The front end of the knife connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected to the blade 1 and keeps the blade located on one side thereof with the blade facing backwards, and the rear end is connected to the force-applying member 6. The force-applying member 6 can drive the knife connecting rod 2 to move forward and backward relative to the sheath connecting rod 3 and the handpiece 5, and the blade 1 moves synchronously therewith and can enter and exit the scabbard cavity.
[0035] See Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 The connecting rod 2 is a slender hard straight rod longer than the hard mirror sheath tube. The connecting rod is composed of a knife connecting rod 2 and a sheath connecting rod 3 that can move relative to each other in the axial direction. Except for the rod body of about 4-8 cm in the front part, which should be adapted to the shape of the blade and the requirements of the arrangement of related components, the optimal implementation form of the other parts is to use the knife connecting rod as the central inner core and the sheath connecting rod as the outer peripheral sleeve to form a core-tube straight rod in which the inner core and the sleeve fit and can move relative to each other in the axial direction. The front rod body of the connecting rod should ensure that the knife connecting rod 2 can drive the blade 1 fixed to one side thereof to move forward and backward along the sheath connecting rod 3 for at least 4 cm.
[0036] See Figures 1 to 5 The scabbard 4 is arranged at the front end of the scabbard connecting rod 3 and is located on one side thereof, and its scabbard cavity can accommodate the blade 1, and the scabbard opening is opposite to the blade back. The shape of the scabbard and its scabbard cavity is adapted to the blade 1, and the front end of the scabbard is blunt-pointed.
[0037] The blade of the present invention includes three forms: one is Figure 1 , Figure 7 , blade 1 is a flat sheet-shaped single-edged blade, and its blade edge is preferably concave. Second, blade 1 is a blade set consisting of two or more flat single-edged blades arranged in parallel and with the same blade edge, and the same ends of each single-edged blade are fixedly connected and kept about 2 mm apart from each other; for a blade set consisting of two or more single-edged blades, the blade tip in the middle position can slightly exceed the other blade tips, but not more than 0.5 mm. Third, see Figure 2 , Figure 6 The blade 1 is a special-shaped blade with a blade body and a blade edge being bent in a U shape, and the distance between the U-shaped bends is about 3-5 mm.
[0038] The connection modes of the above-mentioned different types of blades and the knife connecting rod 2 are as follows:
[0039] Blade 1 is a single-edged blade, see Figure 1The front end of the knife connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected to the blade, and the blade is kept at one side thereof, and the tip of the knife is about 2-3 mm away from the knife connecting rod, and the two form a sickle shape with the blade facing backwards.
[0040] The blade 1 is a blade group, and the front end of the knife connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected to one end of each single-edged blade of the blade group, and keeps the blade group located on one side thereof, with the tip of the knife about 2 mm away from the knife connecting rod, and the side projections of the two are sickle-shaped with the blade edge facing backwards.
[0041] Blade 1 is a U-shaped curved blade, see Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 The left and right sides of the front end of the knife connecting rod 2 are respectively connected to the two ends of the U-shaped curved top of the blade, and the blade edge at the curved bottom of the blade is kept about 2 mm away from the knife connecting rod, and the side projections of the two are sickle-shaped with the blade facing backwards.
[0042] The present invention also provides a sliding sleeve 31 for adjusting the cutting depth of the blade when the blade 1 is a single-plane single-edged blade. Figure 3 , Figure 7 The front rod body of the sheath connecting rod 3 is flat, with a longitudinal groove in the middle for accommodating the knife connecting rod 2, and a sliding sleeve 31 which is sleeved on the rod body and can move forward and backward. The knife connecting rod 2 is located in the longitudinal groove of the sheath connecting rod 3 and forms a moving pair with it, and the side edge fixed to the blade 1 is flush with the notch. The blade 1 has a tip of about 3 mm away from the knife connecting rod, and the blade can pass through the middle of the sliding sleeve opening.
[0043] See Figure 7 The cross section of the sliding sleeve 31 is n-shaped, about 3-4 cm long, sleeved on the front of the sheath connecting rod 3 and surrounding the corresponding rod body except the groove, and one side of the groove is about 1 mm away from the sheath connecting rod. The sliding sleeve can move forward and backward along the sheath connecting rod and is limited to the front stop position or the rear stop position. The operator can move it forward to the front stop position close to the scabbard 4 as needed. At this time, the blade passing through the sliding sleeve has its blade edge occupied by the notch end of the sliding sleeve by about 1 mm, that is, the effective cutting depth of the blade is shortened by about 1 mm, or the operator moves the sliding sleeve 31 backward to the rear stop position about 4 cm away from the scabbard. At the front and rear stop positions corresponding to the sliding sleeve 31, concave and convex locking points are respectively provided between the sheath connecting rod 3 and the sliding sleeve to prevent the sliding sleeve from moving and positioning at will.
[0044] The present invention further provides a spring mechanism including a spring sheet 7 for the blade 1 having a U-shaped curved shape. Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6The spring-pressing mechanism is located in the scabbard cavity of the scabbard 4 or on the front rod of the scabbard connecting rod 3. The position of the spring-pressing sheet 7 varies depending on the position of the blade 1. When the blade 1 is in the scabbard cavity, it presses against the blade connecting rod 2. When the blade is driven by the blade connecting rod to move out of the scabbard cavity or move backward, the spring-pressing sheet moves to the side of the U-shaped bending bottom of the blade under the action of elastic force. Conversely, when the blade re-enters the scabbard cavity or moves forward, the spring-pressing sheet moves back to its original position.
[0045] The embodiment of the spring pressing mechanism arranged in the scabbard cavity is shown in Figure 4 The elastic mechanism includes an L-shaped crank arm and an elastic member, wherein the L-shaped crank arm includes a long arm and a short arm 71, and the long arm is the elastic sheet 7. The L-shaped crank arm is located at the front position in the scabbard cavity, and its corner is connected to the scabbard 4 axis, and the movable end of its short arm 71 is kept corresponding to the front end of the knife connecting rod 2. The moving range of its long arm, i.e., the elastic sheet 7, is limited to the corresponding position between the U-shaped curved bottom of the blade 1 and the knife connecting rod 2, and its moving surface roughly overlaps with the central longitudinal section of the scabbard. The elastic member is a spring sheet or a torsion spring, which can act on the L-shaped crank arm and move the elastic sheet 7 toward the side of the curved bottom of the blade. When the knife connecting rod 2 drives the blade 1 into the scabbard cavity, the front end of the knife connecting rod can push the short arm 71 of the L-shaped crank arm to move, so that the spring-pressing plate 7 moves from the curved bottom of the blade toward the knife connecting rod 2 and presses against the knife connecting rod; when the knife connecting rod 2 drives the blade 1 to move out of the scabbard cavity, under the action of the elastic member, the spring-pressing plate 7 moves again to the side of the curved bottom of the blade, but does not exceed the corresponding position of the curved bottom of the blade.
[0046] The embodiment of the spring pressing mechanism arranged on the front rod body of the sheath connecting rod 3 is shown in FIG. Figure 5 , Figure 6 The spring-pressing mechanism includes the spring-pressing sheet 7, which is an elastic sheet, curved in an arc shape in a free state, and has a length of about 6-10 mm. On the rod body of the sheath connecting rod 3 adjacent to the knife connecting rod 2, 2-4 rear ends that are not in contact with each other are fixedly connected to the sheath opening, and the front end can extend to exceed the moving track of the curved bottom of the blade 1. When the blade 1 moves from the back to the front, the front end of the knife connecting rod 2 can push the corresponding spring-pressing sheet 7 to the position between the knife connecting rod and the sheath connecting rod 3, and press it on the knife connecting rod; when the blade moves from the front to the back, the corresponding spring-pressing sheet 7 in the spring-pressing state between the knife connecting rod and the sheath connecting rod can be released, and the movable end of the spring-pressing sheet moves toward the side of the curved bottom of the blade under the action of its own elastic force.
[0047] The operating part of the present invention includes a hand piece 5 and a force applying piece 6. Figure 1The hand piece 5 is in the shape of a pistol and is composed of a handle 51 for easy gripping and a cross bar 52 located at the top of the handle. The cross bar 52 is a flat rectangular frame with a main surface consistent with the hand piece 5, and the front part of the frame is connected to the sheath connecting rod 3 and the center lines of the two are kept overlapping. The force applying member 6 is located in the frame of the cross bar 52 and is slidably connected thereto and connected to the knife connecting rod 2. The force applying member can drive the knife connecting rod to move forward and backward relative to the cross bar under the drive of an external force.
[0048] See Figure 1 , Figure 8 The crossbar 52 has rails slidably connected to the force-applying member 6 on the adjacent sides of the two long sides of the frame, and a passage through which the knife connecting rod 2 and the like can pass is provided in the middle of the front part of the frame. The force-applying member 6 is located in the frame of the crossbar 52, and forms a moving pair with the rails of the two long sides of the frame, and can move forward and backward by a distance of not less than 4 cm. The middle part of the force-applying member is an opening into which the operator's index finger can be inserted and force can be applied in the forward and backward directions, and a connecting rod is provided in the front part thereof, which can pass through the passage in the front part of the crossbar 52 frame and is connected to the knife connecting rod 2.
[0049] In addition, the operating part of the present invention can also be provided with a spring, which acts on the force-applying member 6, and its elastic force can move the force-applying member forward to the frontmost position in the frame of the cross bar 52, while pushing the knife connecting rod 2 forward and allowing the blade 1 to enter the scabbard cavity.
[0050] There are two ways to connect the operating part and the connecting rod of the present invention: the first is to connect the relevant parts of the two parts correspondingly. Figure 1 The rear part of the sheath connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the front part of the cross bar 52, and the center lines of the two are kept overlapping. The rear end of the knife connecting rod 2 is fixedly connected to the front end of the force applying member 6, and the force applying member can drive the knife connecting rod to move forward and backward relative to the cross bar 52.
[0051] The second type is that the related parts of the two can be connected or disassembled accordingly. Figure 8 The operating part and the connecting rod are provided with a concave-convex connection structure at the connection part of the two, which can be easily connected and disassembled. A corresponding concave-convex connection structure is provided between the rear end of the sheath connecting rod 3 and the front end of the cross bar 52, ensuring that the two can be firmly connected and keep the center lines overlapping. A corresponding concave-convex connection structure is provided between the knife connecting rod 2 and the force applying member 6, and it is ensured that when the sheath connecting rod 3 is connected to the cross bar 52 in a concave-convex manner, the knife connecting rod and the force applying member are synchronously connected in a concave-convex manner.
[0052] In terms of implementation, see Figure 8The concave-convex connection structure provided at the rear end of the sheath connecting rod 3 and the front end of the cross bar 52 is in the optimal form when the concave and convex surfaces are perpendicular to the main surface of the cross bar 52 when connected, and the concave-convex connection and locking are completed by plugging. The middle part of the rear end of the sheath connecting rod 3 is provided with a groove that is consistent with its plugging direction and passes through the position of the knife connecting rod 2. The rear end of the knife connecting rod 2 is provided with a plug-in hole / column that can be plug-connected with the front end of the connecting rod of the force-applying member 6, and the plug-in hole / column is located in the groove at the rear end of the sheath connecting rod 3. The front end of the connecting rod of the force-applying member 6 is provided with a plug-in column / hole that corresponds to the plug-in hole / column at the rear end of the knife connecting rod 2 and can be plug-connected, and ensures that when the sheath connecting rod 3 is plug-connected with the cross bar 52, the plug-in hole and the plug-in column can be plug-connected synchronously, and the force-applying member can drive the knife connecting rod to pass through the connection between the sheath connecting rod and the cross bar and the channel at the front of the cross bar frame, and move forward and backward relative to the cross bar 52. It should be noted that when the operating portion is connected to the connecting rod in a concave-convex manner, the blade 1 should be located in the scabbard cavity, and the force applying member 6 should be located at the frontmost position in the frame of the crossbar 52 .
[0053] In the embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention, there are multiple implementation methods of the relevant components. For example, blades have different shapes, knife connecting rods and blades of different shapes have different connection methods, the spring-pressing mechanism has different structural forms, the connecting rod and the operating part also have different connection methods, etc. Each implementation method of the relevant components and the combination of components of different implementation methods are all used as one of the implementation methods of the technical solution of the present invention.
[0054] The blade of the present invention has three shapes, and blades of different shapes have different functions. If the blade is a flat single-edged blade, it can not only cut longitudinal incisions along the airway, cut off the circumferential fiber bundles of the airway diseased tissue, and promote the effect of balloon dilatation, but also make circumferential cuts parallel to the airway wall to remove raised diseased tissue; if the blade is a blade set, it can cut multiple longitudinal incisions along the airway at one time to improve the cutting efficiency; if the blade is a U-shaped curved blade, it can scrape and cut along the airway, and remove the raised diseased tissue occupying the airway layer by layer in a thin layer cutting manner, effectively improving ventilation.
[0055] After blades of different shapes are connected to the connecting rod, they can be regarded as a blade head assembly with a single function. There are two ways to connect the blade head assembly to the operating part: one is that each blade head assembly with a single function is fixedly connected to a corresponding operating part to form a scalpel with a corresponding single function; the other is that the blade head assemblies with different single functions and the same operating part can be easily connected and disassembled with the help of an adaptive concave-convex connection structure, and different blade head assemblies can be combined with the same operating part to form a combined multifunctional scalpel. The combined multifunctional scalpel can not only meet the treatment needs of replacing different blade head assemblies during surgery, but also reduce production and use costs.
Claims
1. A mechanical scalpel for use in the airway, characterized by: It comprises a blade (1), a connecting rod and an operating part, wherein the operating part comprises a hand piece (5) and a force applying part (6), wherein the connecting rod is a hard straight rod composed of a knife connecting rod (2) and a sheath connecting rod (3) which are movably connected and can move axially relative to each other, wherein the front end of the sheath connecting rod (3) is provided with a scabbard (4) which is located on one side thereof and can accommodate the knife blade (1), and the rear end is connected to the hand piece (5), wherein the front end of the knife connecting rod (2) is fixedly connected to the knife blade (1) and keeps the knife blade located on one side thereof with the blade facing backwards, and the rear end is connected to the force applying part (6), wherein the force applying part (6) can drive the knife connecting rod (2) to move forward and backward relative to the sheath connecting rod (3) and the hand piece (5), and the knife blade (1) moves synchronously therewith and can enter and exit the scabbard cavity.
2. A mechanical surgical knife for use in the airway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade (1) is a flat sheet-shaped single-edged blade. The front end of the knife connecting rod (2) is fixedly connected to the blade (1) and keeps the blade located on one side thereof. The tip of the blade is about 2-3 mm away from the knife connecting rod. The two form a sickle shape with the blade facing backwards.
3. A mechanical surgical knife for use in the airway according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front rod body of the sheath connecting rod (3) is flat, and a longitudinal groove for accommodating the knife connecting rod (2) is provided in the middle. A sliding sleeve (31) is also provided which is sleeved on the rod body and can move forward and backward. The knife connecting rod (2) is located in the longitudinal groove of the sheath connecting rod (3) and forms a movable pair therewith. The side edge fixed to the blade (1) is flush with the groove. The sliding sleeve (31) has an N-shaped cross section and is about 3-4 cm long. It is sleeved on the front of the sheath connecting rod (3) and surrounds the outer circumference of the corresponding rod body except the groove. One side of the groove is about 1 mm away from the sheath connecting rod. The tip of the blade (1) is about 3 mm away from the knife connecting rod (2), and the blade can pass through the middle of the sliding sleeve opening.
4. The mechanical surgical knife for use in the airway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade (1) is a blade group consisting of two or more planar single-edged blades arranged in parallel and with the blade edges facing the same direction. The front end of the blade connecting rod (2) is fixedly connected to the blade group and keeps the blade group on one side thereof. The blade tip is about 2 mm away from the blade connecting rod. The side projections of the two are sickle-shaped with the blade edge facing backwards.
5. The mechanical surgical knife for use in the airway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade (1) is a special-shaped blade with a blade body and a blade edge that are U-shaped and bent, with the U-shaped bend being about 3-5 mm. The left and right sides of the front end of the blade connecting rod (2) are respectively fixedly connected to the two ends of the top of the U-shaped bend of the blade, and the blade edge at the bottom of the blade bend is kept about 2 mm away from the blade connecting rod. The side projections of the two are sickle-shaped with the blade edge facing backwards.
6. A mechanical surgical knife for use in the airway according to claim 5, characterized in that: The scabbard (4) is provided with a spring mechanism including a spring plate (7) in its scabbard cavity or the scabbard connecting rod (3) is provided on its front rod body. When the blade (1) is located in the scabbard cavity, the spring plate (7) is pressed against the knife connecting rod (2). When the knife connecting rod drives the blade to move out of the scabbard cavity or move backward, the spring plate moves toward the side of the U-shaped bend bottom of the blade under the action of elastic force. Conversely, when the blade re-enters the scabbard cavity or moves forward, the spring plate moves back to its original position.
7. A mechanical surgical knife for use in the airway according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, characterized in that: The operating part comprises a hand piece (5) and a force applying member (6). The hand piece (5) is in the shape of a pistol and is composed of a handle (51) that is easy to hold and a cross bar (52) located at the top of the handle. The cross bar (52) is a flat rectangular frame whose main surface is consistent with the hand piece (5). The front part of the frame is connected to the sheath connecting rod (3) and the center lines of the two are kept overlapping. The force applying member (6) is located in the frame of the cross bar (52) and is slidably connected to it and connected to the knife connecting rod (2). The force applying member can drive the knife connecting rod to move forward and backward relative to the cross bar under the drive of an external force.
8. A mechanical surgical knife for use in the airway according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rear part of the sheath connecting rod (3) is fixedly connected to the front part of the cross bar (52), and the rear end of the knife connecting rod (2) is fixedly connected to the front end of the force applying member (6), and the force applying member can drive the knife connecting rod to move forward and backward relative to the cross bar (52).
9. A mechanical surgical knife for use in the airway according to claim 7, characterized in that: The connecting rod and the operating part are provided with a concave-convex connection structure at the connection position between the two, which can be easily connected and disassembled, wherein the rear end of the sheath connecting rod (3) and the front end of the cross bar (52) are firmly connected via the corresponding concave-convex structure, and the knife connecting rod (2) and the force applying member (6) are connected via the corresponding concave-convex structure, and the force applying member can drive the knife connecting rod to pass through the connection position between the sheath connecting rod and the cross bar and move forward and backward relative to the cross bar (52).