Bio-organic fertilizer fermented by utilizing pepper straws and application of bio-organic fertilizer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a bio-organic fertilizer fermented by pepper straws and application of the bio-organic fertilizer. The method comprises the following steps: crushing Chinese prickly ash straws, baking the crushed Chinese prickly ash straws at medium temperature to obtain pretreated Chinese prickly ash straws, and collecting volatile products released in the baking process by using a condenser; mixing the pretreated Chinese prickly ash straws with animal wastes, adding a microbial agent, adjusting the water content, and performing fermentation treatment to obtain a fermented material; and finally, airing the fermented material, and uniformly mixing the aired fermented material with the volatile product to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer. The method not only can overcome the problems of high cellulose content of Chinese prickly ash straws and high difficulty in direct stack retting returning to field decomposition utilization, but also can improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops, reduce the use of pesticides and improve the safety of agricultural products.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and more particularly relates to a bio-organic fertilizer fermented from pepper straw and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of agricultural production and the growing demand for food safety and environmentally friendly fertilizers, the search for new, efficient and environmentally friendly fertilizers has become a key area of ​​modern agricultural research. While traditional chemical fertilizers can significantly increase crop yields in the short term, long-term use can not only damage soil structure and reduce soil fertility, but can also cause environmental problems such as water pollution. Therefore, the development of green fertilizers that can meet the needs of crop growth while improving soil quality and promoting sustainable development has become an urgent issue.

[0003] In recent years, biomass resources have been widely used in various fields as renewable raw materials. Among them, the method of converting agricultural and forestry waste into organic fertilizers through microbial fermentation has attracted widespread attention due to its low cost and simple process. As an important condiment and medicinal plant, Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) is cultivated on a large scale. However, the large amount of straw produced during the harvest of Sichuan pepper is often not fully utilized. Sichuan pepper straw has a high cellulose content, and it is difficult to directly compost and return it to the field for decomposition, which brings processing problems to farmers. How to rationally utilize these waste materials and convert them into valuable agricultural products is an important problem in realizing resource recycling and promoting the development of green agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bio-organic fertilizer fermented from pepper straw and its application, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting pepper straw, the steps comprising:

[0007] The pepper straw is crushed and then roasted at a medium temperature to obtain pretreated pepper straw, and a condenser is used to collect volatile products released during the roasting process;

[0008] The pretreated pepper straw is mixed with animal feces, a microbial agent is added, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-70%, and fermentation is performed to obtain a fermentation material;

[0009] The fermented material is air-dried until the moisture content is 20-30%, and then evenly mixed with the volatile product to obtain the bio-organic fertilizer.

[0010] Furthermore, the particle size of the crushed pepper straw is 1 to 2 cm.

[0011] Furthermore, the medium-temperature baking temperature is 80-120° C., and the time is 8-10 hours.

[0012] The present invention can release some volatile products from the pepper straw by baking the pepper straw at a medium temperature, and the volatile products are collected and reused to avoid the loss of these volatile products during the composting and fermentation process. At the same time, during the baking process, polysaccharides and proteins in the pepper straw are preliminarily pyrolyzed to generate some low-molecular-weight sugars and amino acids, which serve as fermentation substrates, promote the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, and improve the quality of biological organic fertilizers. The present invention can also promote the preliminarily degradation of lignin in the pepper straw to generate some low-molecular-weight lignin derivatives. These preliminarily degradation products can improve the stability and long-term effectiveness of the biological organic fertilizer, and help improve soil structure and fertility.

[0013] The medium-temperature baking method can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria or pest eggs that may exist in the pepper straw.

[0014] Furthermore, the dry weight ratio of the pepper straw to animal feces is 1 to 3:1.

[0015] Furthermore, the animal manure is pig manure, cow manure or chicken manure.

[0016] Furthermore, the dosage of the microbial agent is 0.5-1% of the sum of the dry weight of the pepper straw and the animal feces.

[0017] Furthermore, the microbial agent includes Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and yeast in equal mass ratios.

[0018] Among them, the bacterial content of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and yeast is not less than 10 9 cfu / g.

[0019] Furthermore, the temperature of the fermentation treatment is 35-45° C., the time is 21-28 days, and the compost is turned every 3 days.

[0020] The limitation of fermentation processing parameters ensures the uniformity and adequacy of the fermentation process, and improves fermentation efficiency and product quality.

[0021] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the above preparation method.

[0022] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned bio-organic fertilizer in enhancing the resistance of pepper to continuous cropping or increasing the yield of pepper.

[0023] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0024] The method prepares high-quality bio-organic fertilizer by baking pepper straw at medium temperature, collecting volatile products, and then mixing and fermenting the products with animal excrement. The bio-organic fertilizer is suitable for agricultural production and soil improvement.

[0025] The present invention bakes the pepper straw at a medium temperature, thereby enabling the pepper straw to release some volatile products (such as limonene, linalool, eugenol, etc.). These volatile products are collected by a condenser, thereby avoiding the loss of these volatile products during the composting and fermentation process and improving resource utilization. The collected volatile products are remixed in the final bio-organic fertilizer, thereby increasing the biological activity of the fertilizer and helping to improve the disease resistance and yield of crops.

[0026] During the medium-temperature baking process, the polysaccharides and proteins in the pepper straw will undergo initial pyrolysis to generate some low-molecular-weight sugars and amino acids. These pyrolysis products, as fermentation substrates, can promote the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, improve fermentation efficiency and the quality of biological organic fertilizers; the lignin in the pepper straw will undergo initial degradation to generate some low-molecular-weight lignin derivatives, which can improve the stability and long-term effectiveness of biological organic fertilizers, help improve soil structure and fertility, and the low-molecular-weight lignin derivatives gradually decompose in the soil, continuously releasing nutrients, extending the fertilizer's effective period and improving the soil's ability to continuously supply fertilizers.

[0027] The present invention utilizes pepper straw and animal excrement to prepare bio-organic fertilizer, realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste, reduces the environmental pollution caused by burning straw and treating excrement, conforms to the development concept of sustainable agriculture, and helps to realize the green and ecological agricultural production. At the same time, the beneficial microorganisms and volatile products in the bio-organic fertilizer can improve the disease resistance and stress resistance of crops, reduce the use of pesticides, and improve the safety of agricultural products. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0029] It should be understood that the terms described herein are intended only to describe particular embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for numerical ranges herein, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded within the scope.

[0030] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated document, the contents of this specification shall prevail.

[0031] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments described herein without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

[0032] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0033] The raw materials and reagents used in the specific embodiments of the present invention are all commercially available products.

[0034] The microbial agent used in the specific embodiment of the present invention is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and yeast in equal mass ratios, wherein the bacterial content of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and yeast is not less than 10 9 cfu / g.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting pepper straw, comprising the following steps:

[0037] S1. After crushing the pepper straw into pieces of 1 to 2 cm in size, baking them at 100° C. for 10 h to obtain pretreated pepper straw, and using a condenser to collect volatile products released during the baking process;

[0038] S2, pretreated Zanthoxylum bungeanum straw is mixed with animal excrement (pig manure) (dry weight mass is than 2:1), microbial inoculant is added (addition is 1% of the dry weight sum of Zanthoxylum bungeanum straw and animal excrement), moisture content is regulated between 60~70%, through fermentation treatment (the temperature of fermentation treatment remains between 35~45 ℃, and the time is 28 days, during which time, turning once every 3 days) obtain fermentation material;

[0039] S3. Air-dry the fermented material until the moisture content is between 20% and 30%, and then mix it evenly with the volatile product obtained in step S1 to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting pepper straw, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1. After crushing the pepper straw into pieces of 1 to 2 cm in size, baking them at 80° C. for 10 h to obtain pretreated pepper straw, and using a condenser to collect volatile products released during the baking process;

[0043] S2, pretreated Zanthoxylum bungeanum straw is mixed with animal excrement (pig manure) (dry weight mass is than 1:1), microbial inoculant is added (addition is 1% of the dry weight sum of Zanthoxylum bungeanum straw and animal excrement), moisture content is regulated to 60~70%, through fermentation treatment (the temperature of fermentation treatment remains between 35~45 ℃, and the time is 21 days, during which time, turning once every 3 days) obtain fermentation material;

[0044] S3. Air-dry the fermented material until the moisture content is between 20% and 30%, and then mix it evenly with the volatile product obtained in step S1 to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0045] Example 3

[0046] A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting pepper straw, comprising the following steps:

[0047] S1. After crushing the pepper straw into pieces of 1 to 2 cm in size, baking them at 120° C. for 8 h to obtain pretreated pepper straw, and using a condenser to collect volatile products released during the baking process;

[0048] S2, pretreated Zanthoxylum bungeanum straw is mixed with animal excrement (pig manure) (dry weight mass is than 3:1), add microbial inoculant (addition is 0.5% of the dry weight sum of Zanthoxylum bungeanum straw and animal excrement), regulate moisture content to 60~70%, through fermentation treatment (the temperature of fermentation treatment remains between 35~45 ℃, the time is 28 days, during every 3 days turning once), obtain fermentation material;

[0049] S3. Air-dry the fermented material until the moisture content is 20-30%, and then mix it evenly with the volatile product obtained in step S1 to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0050] Comparative Example 1

[0051] A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting pepper straw, comprising the following steps:

[0052] S1. After crushing the pepper straw into pieces of 1 to 2 cm in size, the pieces were baked at 60° C. for 10 h to obtain pretreated pepper straw. A condenser was used to collect volatile products (the main product being water) released during the baking process.

[0053] S2, pretreated Zanthoxylum bungeanum straw is mixed with animal excrement (pig manure) (dry weight mass is than 2:1), microbial inoculant is added (addition is 1% of the dry weight sum of Zanthoxylum bungeanum straw and animal excrement), moisture content is regulated between 60~70%, through fermentation treatment (the temperature of fermentation treatment remains between 35~45 ℃, and the time is 28 days, during which time, turning once every 3 days) obtain fermentation material;

[0054] S3. Air-dry the fermented material until the moisture content is between 20% and 30%, and then mix it evenly with the volatile product obtained in step S1 to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0055] Comparative Example 2

[0056] A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting pepper straw, comprising the following steps:

[0057] S1. After crushing the pepper straw into pieces of 1-2 cm in size, the straw was baked at 140° C. for 10 h to obtain pretreated pepper straw. A condenser was used to collect volatile products released during the baking process (the volatile components thereof would change in nature due to excessively high temperature);

[0058] S2, pretreated Zanthoxylum bungeanum straw is mixed with animal excrement (pig manure) (dry weight mass is than 2:1), microbial inoculant is added (addition is 1% of the dry weight sum of Zanthoxylum bungeanum straw and animal excrement), moisture content is regulated between 60~70%, through fermentation treatment (the temperature of fermentation treatment remains between 35~45 ℃, and the time is 28 days, during which time, turning once every 3 days) obtain fermentation material;

[0059] S3. Air-dry the fermented material until the moisture content is between 20% and 30%, and then mix it evenly with the volatile product obtained in step S1 to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer.

[0060] Test example

[0061] A plot of land where pepper (Zunjiao No. 4) had been continuously planted for three years was divided into 18 mutually non-interfering plots, and each group consisted of three plots. The bio-organic fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were applied respectively, and the remaining plot was applied with NPK compound fertilizer (15:15:15) as a control group (100 kg / mu, of which 25 kg was used as base fertilizer and the remaining 75 kg was evenly spread after rotary tillage).

[0062] The organisms prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were evenly spread on the soil surface (200 kg / mu), followed by rotary tillage (30 cm). The same planting density and subsequent field management measures were adopted. After harvest, the dry weight, plant height and incidence rate of peppers were counted. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Among them, the incidence rate refers to the sum of the incidence rates of bacterial wilt, root rot, and fusarium wilt (incidence rate = number of diseased plants / number of surveyed plants × 100%), and 1,000 plants were randomly selected; plant height is used to reflect whether there are growth obstacles in pepper growth (whether growth is restricted, whether growth potential is poor).

[0064] Table 1

[0065] Dry weight yield kg / mu Plant height cm Incidence / % Example 1 305.7 79.5 8.2 Example 2 295.4 78.2 9.3 Example 3 300.2 79.3 8.7 Comparative Example 1 230.5 69.5 13.7 Comparative Example 2 255.7 70.2 15.2 control group 197.5 57.9 25.3

[0066] As can be seen from the data of Table 1, after the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the embodiment, the plot for continuous cropping for three years continues to be planted, the dry weight yield of pepper can be effectively improved, and plant height has obvious improvement, showing that the bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the method can effectively promote crop growth, and relative to the lower morbidity rate of comparative example and control group, show that it has a certain inhibitory effect on the disease in the crop growth process. Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 have adopted different temperature treatment Chinese prickly ash straws relative to Example 1, and the Chinese prickly ash straws after different temperature treatments are due to their different properties, and the difference of volatile product components, have caused the difference in performance after it is prepared as bio-organic fertilizer. During low temperature baking, mainly the Chinese prickly ash straws are dried, and the product major part collected by the condenser is water, which has just caused some active ingredients to lose in subsequent fermentation treatment process, and then produced substantial differences with the effect of Example 1. During high-temperature baking, the product collected in the condenser has a different nature of volatile components due to the high temperature. In addition, the pepper straw undergoes preliminary carbonization at a higher temperature, resulting in excessive consumption of substances such as protein and polysaccharides, resulting in a significant difference in the effect of the product when used to prepare bio-organic fertilizer compared to Example 1.

[0067] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0068] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing bio-organic fertilizer by fermenting pepper straw, characterized in that the steps include: The pepper straw is crushed and then roasted at a medium temperature to obtain pretreated pepper straw, and a condenser is used to collect volatile products released during the roasting process; The pretreated pepper straw is mixed with animal feces, a microbial agent is added, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-70%, and fermentation is performed to obtain a fermented material; The fermented material is air-dried to a moisture content of 20-30%, and then evenly mixed with the volatile product to obtain the biological organic fertilizer.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The particle size of the crushed pepper straw is 1 to 2 cm.

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium temperature baking is performed at a temperature of 80 to 120° C. and a time of 8 to 10 hours.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dry weight ratio of the pepper straw to the animal excrement is 1 to 3:

1.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage of the microbial agent is 0.5-1% of the total dry weight of the pepper straw and the animal excrement.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent comprises Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and yeast in equal mass ratio.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the fermentation treatment is 35-45° C., the time is 21-28 days, and the pile is turned every 3 days.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The animal excrement is pig excrement, cow excrement or chicken excrement.

9. A biological organic fertilizer obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of the bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 9 in enhancing pepper's resistance to continuous cropping or increasing pepper's yield.