Negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling cotton foreign fiber separation device

Abstract

The invention provides a negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling cotton foreign fiber separation device which comprises a cotton inlet formed in the top end of the separation device, and a channel communicated with the cotton inlet is formed in the separation device; one or more foreign fiber adsorption rollers are arranged in the middle of the channel, baffles are arranged on the upper sides and the lower sides of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers and divide the channel into a cotton channel and a foreign fiber channel, corona electrodes for applying static electricity are fixedly arranged on the side wall of the cotton channel, and a plurality of air holes are formed in the roller faces of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers. An inner cavity of the foreign fiber adsorption roller is communicated with a negative pressure air suction pipeline, and an air supplementing opening is formed in a wallboard of the separation device. The device has the beneficial effects that negative pressure is formed on the surface of the roller, the distance between foreign fibers and the roller is shortened, static electricity is applied to the foreign fibers through the corona electrode, the foreign fibers and the roller are fully adsorbed, and the ingenious coupling adsorption effect of electrostatic force and negative pressure is achieved; and the separation efficiency between foreign fibers and cotton is obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling. Background Art

[0002] Xinjiang cotton planting adopts film-covered drip irrigation technology. During mechanized harvesting, the negative pressure conveying pipeline of the cotton picker's picking head easily mixes residual film and other foreign fibers into the cotton for harvesting. The content of foreign fibers is a key factor affecting the purchase price of cotton and the quality of cotton textiles. The electrostatic foreign fiber separation device designed using electrostatic adsorption technology is used in cotton processing and production because of its reliable device, simple structure, low cost and high production efficiency. Based on the difference in charging characteristics of cotton and foreign fibers, the device adsorbs foreign fibers on the roller through electrostatic field force to achieve the separation of cotton and foreign fibers. At present, the main disadvantages of the electrostatic foreign fiber separation device are that cotton and foreign fibers are not in sufficient contact with the grounded roller in the electrostatic field space; the material falls quickly, the charging time is short, and the charging is insufficient; the foreign fibers on the roller are not firmly adsorbed and are easily knocked off by cotton, resulting in a low separation rate of the existing electrostatic foreign fiber separation device.

[0003] Chinese patent CN115418727B invented a foreign fiber cleaning device for machine-picked cotton seed cotton, which uses mechanical, airflow and electrostatic methods to separate seed cotton from foreign fibers. However, cotton falls freely after entering the electrostatic cleaning part, and the contact with the grounded roller is insufficient, so the foreign fiber separation rate needs to be improved. Chinese patent CN110747515A invented a multi-channel seed cotton foreign fiber electrostatic separation device, which is equipped with multi-stage separation rollers, and performs multi-channel separation of cotton and foreign fibers through feeding rollers and channel baffles, which improves the sorting efficiency of the device, but the device does not have an opening mechanism, and the cotton state that is not broken up is not conducive to the separation of cotton and foreign fibers. Chinese patent CN113882040B invented a foreign fiber removal device based on electrostatic adsorption and uniform distribution of seed cotton. The device is provided with a loosening and ejecting part, a cotton distribution part and an electrostatic separation part, which can achieve the breaking up and uniform distribution of cotton and foreign fibers, and further improve the separation effect of cotton and foreign fibers. However, the foreign fibers are only adsorbed on the roller by the electrostatic field force, and the adsorption is not firm. There is a problem that they are easy to fall with inertia and be knocked down by the seed cotton. Summary of the invention

[0004] Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention solves the problems in the prior electrostatic foreign fiber separation device that the foreign fibers of cotton fall quickly, the foreign fiber charge is insufficient, the electrostatic adsorption is not firm, and the foreign fibers are easy to fall with the inertia of falling and be knocked down by the cotton.

[0005] The present invention provides a cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling, comprising a cotton inlet arranged at the top of the separation device, and a channel arranged inside the separation device to communicate with the cotton inlet; One or more foreign fiber adsorption rollers are arranged in the middle of the channel, baffles are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the foreign fiber adsorption roller, the baffles separate the channel into a cotton channel and a foreign fiber channel, the cotton channel is connected to the cotton inlet, a cotton collecting box is arranged at the bottom, and a foreign fiber collecting part is arranged at the bottom of the foreign fiber channel; A corona electrode for applying static electricity is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the cotton channel, the corona electrode corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller, a plurality of air holes are arranged on the roller surface of the foreign fiber adsorption roller, the inner cavity of the foreign fiber adsorption roller is connected to the negative pressure suction duct, the negative pressure fan is turned on to form negative pressure on the roller surface, and an air supply port is opened on the wall panel of the separation device.

[0006] As a preferred solution, roller holes are provided on the wall panels at both ends of the foreign fiber adsorption roller, and supporting wheels are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the roller hole to support the foreign fiber adsorption roller to rotate, and the separation device is provided with a first motor to drive the foreign fiber adsorption roller, and the supporting wheels are grounded; A windshield with a C-shaped cross section is arranged inside the foreign fiber adsorption roller to block the air holes on one side of the foreign fiber passage, and a fixing plate is arranged on the windshield to fix the wall panels at both ends of the foreign fiber adsorption roller.

[0007] As a preferred solution, a positive pressure air knife is arranged in the foreign fiber channel, and the positive pressure air knife corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller to blow off the foreign fibers on the surface of the foreign fiber adsorption roller.

[0008] As a preferred solution, a cleaning assembly is arranged in the channel below the cotton inlet, and the cleaning assembly includes a plurality of spike rollers and grid bars arranged side by side to squeeze the cotton and knock off fine impurities in the cotton. The cleaning assembly also includes a funnel arranged below the grid bars to collect fine impurities. The separation device is provided with a second motor to drive the spike rollers to rotate in the same direction.

[0009] Furthermore, two parallel channels are arranged inside the separation device and a cotton leveling component is arranged between the cotton inlet and the cleaning component. The cotton leveling component includes two groups of cotton leveling rollers and a partition plate. The partition plate is arranged below the middle of the two groups of cotton leveling rollers. The cotton leveling roller is composed of two rollers driven by a motor to rotate relative to each other, driving the cotton in the middle to move downward to the cleaning component.

[0010] As a preferred solution, an impurity outlet is provided on the side of the funnel, and a conveying device is provided at the bottom of the funnel to transport the impurities out of the impurity outlet, and the conveying device is a conveyor belt or an auger.

[0011] Furthermore, the corona electrode is provided with an electrode wall plate fixedly connected to the side wall of the channel, and the distance between the corona electrode and the foreign fiber adsorption roller is 5 to 50 cm.

[0012] As a preferred solution, the number of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers is 1 to 6, the number of the positive pressure air knives is the same as the foreign fiber adsorption rollers, and an intermediate baffle is arranged outside the positive pressure air knife to block the foreign fibers falling from above.

[0013] As a preferred solution, a flow plate is arranged between the cleaning component and the foreign fiber adsorption roller, the upper end of the flow plate corresponds to the position of the cleaning component outlet, and the lower end of the flow plate corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller; The upper end of the flow plate is hinged to the wall panel through a pin shaft, and an arc-shaped groove is provided at the lower end of the flow plate corresponding to the position of the wall panel. A slider is provided on the flow plate to slide in the groove, and the angle between the flow plate and the horizontal plane ranges from 30° to 70°.

[0014] As a preferred solution, the surface wind speed of the foreign fiber adsorption roller is 0.5-5m / s; the wind speed at the positive pressure air knife outlet is greater than 0.5m / s; and the absolute value of the corona electrode needle tip voltage range is 10-100kV.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention can create an attraction field by forming negative pressure on the roller surface, so that the foreign fibers in the cotton are tightly adsorbed by the negative pressure airflow formed on the roller surface, shortening the distance between the foreign fibers and the roller, and applying static electricity to the foreign fibers through the corona electrode, so that the foreign fibers and the roller are fully adsorbed, achieving the ingenious coupling adsorption effect of electrostatic force and negative pressure, thereby greatly enhancing the stability and firmness of the adsorption, significantly improving the separation efficiency between foreign fibers and cotton, and ensuring the accuracy and stability of the separation process, providing strong technical support for achieving high-quality processing of cotton.

[0016] 2. The present invention sets a positive pressure wind knife and uses the airflow to accurately act on the foreign fibers attached to the adsorption roller, thereby significantly improving the separation efficiency of the foreign fibers and realizing efficient and automatic collection of the foreign fibers, greatly improving the overall operating efficiency and product quality of the device.

[0017] 3. The present invention arranges a cleaning component below the cotton inlet to accurately knock down and remove fine impurities mixed in the cotton, thereby preventing these impurities from entering the subsequent processing flow with the cotton and eventually being mixed into the finished product to affect the quality of the finished product.

[0018] 4. The present invention achieves a doubling of the processing capacity by carefully designing two parallel processing channels inside the separation device to independently and efficiently process two cotton flows at the same time. The present invention arranges a cotton leveling component below the cotton inlet of the two channels to ensure that the cotton entering from the cotton inlet can be evenly and stably distributed to the two channels. The cotton leveling component effectively avoids the problem of excessive accumulation or uneven distribution of cotton in a single channel, thereby ensuring that the two channels can maintain the best working condition when processing cotton. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below according to specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the whole machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the entire machine provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a side view of the whole machine provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of a negative pressure electrostatic coupling separation portion provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the foreign fiber adsorption roller provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are: 1-cotton inlet, 3-foreign fiber collecting part; 4-cotton collecting box, 5-chain, 6-furnace hopper, 7-first motor, 8-electrode wall panel, 9-supporting wheel, 10-second motor, 11-fixed plate, 13-wall panel, 14-air supply port, 15-synchronous pulley, 16-pulley, 18-negative pressure suction duct, 19-partition plate, 20-cotton leveling roller, 21-nail roller, 22-grid grid, 23-flow plate, 24-baffle, 25-positive pressure wind knife, 29-middle baffle, 30-foreign fiber adsorption roller, 30-2, sprocket; 30-5-air vent, 32-conveying device, 33-corona electrode, 36-wind shield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] To illustrate the features of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Example: See also Figures 1 to 5The embodiment of the present invention provides a cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling, which first includes a cotton inlet 1 arranged at the top of the separation device, and a channel arranged inside the separation device to connect with the cotton inlet 1 to form a complete separation channel; The core improvement of this embodiment is that two foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30 are arranged in the middle of the channel, and baffles 24 are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30, and the baffles 24 separate the channel into a cotton channel and a foreign fiber channel, the cotton channel is connected to the cotton inlet 1, and a cotton collecting box 4 is arranged at the bottom, and a foreign fiber collecting part 3 is arranged at the bottom of the foreign fiber channel; a corona electrode 33 for applying static electricity is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the cotton channel, and the corona electrode 33 corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30, and a plurality of air holes 30-5 are evenly distributed on the roller surface of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30, the inner cavity of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 is connected to the negative pressure suction duct 18, and the negative pressure fan is turned on to form negative pressure on the roller surface, and an air supply port 14 is opened on the wall panel 13 of the separation device, and the foreign fiber is sucked out and separated from the cotton through the surface negative pressure of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 and the electrostatic coupling effect applied by the corona electrode.

[0027] The fixing method of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 is to open roller holes on the wall panels 13 at both ends, and support wheels 9 are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the roller hole to support the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 to rotate. The separation device is provided with a first motor 7 to drive the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30. The first motor 7 is connected to two sprockets 30-2 through a chain 5 to drive the upper and lower foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30, and the linear speed and direction of the upper and lower foreign fiber adsorption rollers 30 are kept consistent. The end of the first motor 7 is connected to the frequency converter, and the diameter of the lower foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 can be equal to or greater than the diameter of the upper foreign fiber adsorption roller 30. During the rotation of the negative pressure adsorption roller, the support wheel 9 follows the movement to limit the position and reduce the rotational friction. In addition, in order to avoid excessive static electricity affecting the operation of the device, the support wheel 9 is grounded in this embodiment; A windshield 36 with a C-shaped cross-section is arranged inside the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 to block the air holes 30-5 on one side of the foreign fiber passage. The windshield 36 is provided with a fixing plate 11 to fix the wall panels 13 at both ends of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30. Specifically, the windshield 36 ensures that negative pressure exists in a certain area inside the roller. Both ends of the windshield 36 are connected to the fixing plate 11 by bolts and nuts, and the fixing plate 11 is fixed to the left and right wall panels 13 by support columns.

[0028] A positive pressure air knife 25 is arranged in the foreign fiber passage, and the positive pressure air knife 25 corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30. The positive pressure air knife 25 is installed on the wall panel 13 by bolts, and the positive pressure air knife 25 is connected to the external blower through the air knife pipeline; the positive pressure air knife is opposite to the position of the foreign fiber collection part 3. In order to ensure that the foreign fibers blown off by the positive pressure air knife 25 on the back side of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 above are not re-adsorbed by the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 below, an intermediate baffle 29 is arranged directly below the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 above, and the lower end of the intermediate baffle 29 is flush with the lower end of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 below. The foreign fibers adsorbed on the roller surface under the negative pressure electrostatic coupling are blown into the foreign fiber collection part 3 by the positive pressure of the positive pressure air knife 25.

[0029] A cleaning assembly is arranged in the channel below the cotton inlet 1, and the cleaning assembly includes a plurality of spike rollers 21 and a grid 22 arranged side by side and arranged in an inclined manner. The synchronous pulleys 15 and the belt pulleys 16 installed on the spike rollers 21 drive the same direction to rotate, squeeze the cotton and knock off the fine impurities in the cotton. The cleaning assembly also includes a funnel 6 arranged below the grid 22 to collect the fine impurities. The separation device is provided with a second motor 10 to drive the spike rollers 21 to rotate in the same direction.

[0030] Two channels are arranged inside the separation device and a cotton leveling component is arranged between the cotton inlet 1 and the cleaning component. The cotton leveling component includes two groups of cotton leveling rollers 20 and a partition plate 19. The partition plate 19 is arranged below the middle of the two groups of cotton leveling rollers 20. The cotton leveling rollers 20 are composed of two rollers driven by a motor to rotate relative to each other, driving the cotton in the middle to move downward to the cleaning component, and forcibly distributing the bulk cotton to the two groups of cleaning components. After the rotation, striking and friction of the spike rollers 21 and the grid bars 22 in the two groups of cleaning components, the cotton is broken into a scattered thin layer of cotton flow and moves to the cotton outlets on both sides, and the two groups of cleaning components rotate in opposite directions.

[0031] An impurity outlet is provided on the side of the funnel 6, and a conveying device 32 is provided at the bottom of the funnel 6 to transport the impurities out of the impurity outlet. The conveying device 32 of this embodiment adopts an auger to receive the fine impurities knocked down by the spike roller 21 and the grid bar 22, and discharge them out of the shell by the auger.

[0032] In addition, in order to make the cotton flow more smoothly in the channel, a flow plate 23 is arranged between the cleaning component and the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30, the upper end of the flow plate 23 corresponds to the position of the cleaning component outlet, and the lower end of the flow plate 23 corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30; In this embodiment, the upper end of the flow plate 23 is hinged to the wall panel 13 through a pin shaft, and an arc-shaped groove is opened at the lower end of the flow plate 23 corresponding to the position of the wall panel. The flow plate 23 is provided with a slider to slide in the groove, and the rotation range of the flow plate 23 and the horizontal plane is between 30° and 70°.

[0033] Through debugging by technical personnel, the negative pressure electrostatically coupled cotton foreign fiber separation device has a separation rate of 74.5% when the surface wind speed of the foreign fiber adsorption roller 30 is 1 m / s, which is an increase of 10.5%; when the negative pressure wind speed is 1.4 m / s, the separation rate is 80.5%, which is an increase of 16.5%; when the negative pressure wind speed is 1.6 m / s, the separation rate is 76.5%, which is an increase of 12.5%.

[0034] The above embodiments and drawings are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the essential scope of the present invention do not deviate from the purpose of the present invention and should also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention. Other related technical structures not fully disclosed in the present invention are prior art in the art.

Claims

1. A cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling, wherein a cotton inlet (1) is arranged at the top of the separation device, and a channel is arranged inside the separation device to communicate with the cotton inlet (1); It is characterized in that One or more foreign fiber adsorption rollers (30) are arranged in the middle of the channel, baffles (24) are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30), and the baffles (24) separate the channel into a cotton channel and a foreign fiber channel, the cotton channel is connected to the cotton inlet (1), a cotton collecting box (4) is arranged at the bottom, and a foreign fiber collecting part (3) is arranged at the bottom of the foreign fiber channel; A corona electrode (33) for applying static electricity is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the cotton channel, and the position of the corona electrode (33) corresponds to that of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30). A plurality of air holes (30-5) are arranged on the roller surface of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30). The inner cavity of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30) is connected to a negative pressure suction duct (18). A negative pressure fan is turned on to form a negative pressure on the roller surface. An air supply port (14) is provided on the wall panel (13) of the separation device.

2. The cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 1 is characterized by: Roller holes are provided on the wall panels (13) at both ends of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30), and support wheels (9) are provided on the upper and lower sides of the roller hole to support the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30) for rotation. The separation device is provided with a first motor (7) to drive the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30), and the support wheels (9) are grounded; A windshield (36) having a C-shaped cross section is disposed inside the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30) to block the air holes (30-5) on one side of the foreign fiber passage; the windshield (36) is provided with a fixing plate (11) fixedly connected to the wall plates (13) at both ends of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30).

3. The negative pressure airflow electrostatically coupled cotton foreign fiber separation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A positive pressure air knife (25) is arranged in the foreign fiber channel, and the positive pressure air knife (25) corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30) to blow off the foreign fibers on the surface of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30).

4. The cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cleaning assembly is arranged in the channel below the cotton inlet (1), and the cleaning assembly comprises a plurality of spike rollers (21) and a lattice grille (22) arranged side by side, which squeeze the cotton and knock off fine impurities in the cotton. The cleaning assembly also comprises a hopper (6) arranged below the lattice grille (22) to collect the fine impurities. The separation device is provided with a second motor (10) to drive the spike rollers (21) to rotate in the same direction.

5. The cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Two channels are arranged inside the separation device, and a cotton leveling component is arranged between the cotton inlet (1) and the cleaning component. The cotton leveling component comprises two groups of cotton leveling rollers (20) and a partition plate (19). The partition plate (19) is arranged below the middle of the two groups of cotton leveling rollers (20). The cotton leveling roller (20) is composed of two rollers driven by a motor to rotate relative to each other, driving the cotton in the middle to move downward to the cleaning component.

6. The cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 4 is characterized in that: An impurity outlet is provided on the side of the funnel (6), and a conveying device (32) is provided at the bottom of the funnel (6) to transport the impurities out of the impurity outlet. The conveying device (32) is a conveyor belt or an auger.

7. The cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corona electrode (33) is provided with an electrode wall plate (8) fixedly connected to the channel side wall, and the distance between the corona electrode (33) and the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30) is 5 to 50 cm.

8. The negative pressure airflow electrostatically coupled cotton foreign fiber separation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The number of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers (30) is 1 to 6, the number of the positive pressure air knives (25) is the same as the number of the foreign fiber adsorption rollers (30), and an intermediate baffle (29) is arranged outside the positive pressure air knives (25) to block the foreign fibers falling from above.

9. The cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 4, characterized in that: A flow plate (23) is arranged between the cleaning component and the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30), wherein the upper end of the flow plate (23) corresponds to the position of the outlet of the cleaning component, and the lower end of the flow plate (23) corresponds to the position of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30); The upper end of the flow plate (23) is hinged to the wall panel (13) via a pin shaft, and an arc-shaped notch is provided at the lower end of the flow plate (23) at a position corresponding to the wall panel. The flow plate (23) is provided with a slider to slide in the notch, and the angle between the flow plate (23) and the horizontal plane is in the range of 30° to 70°.

10. The cotton foreign fiber separation device with negative pressure airflow electrostatic coupling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The surface wind speed of the foreign fiber adsorption roller (30) is 0.5-5 m / s; the outlet wind speed of the positive pressure wind knife (25) is greater than 0.5 m / s; and the absolute value of the tip voltage range of the corona electrode (33) is 10-100 kV.

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