Static blasting excavation equipment and excavation method for tunnel top-lifting construction

Abstract

The invention provides static blasting excavation equipment and excavation method for tunnel top-lifting construction, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel top-lifting construction. The excavation equipment comprises an excavation platform, a contour excavation unit, a drilling unit and a material conveying unit; the material conveying unit, the drilling unit and the contour excavation unit are all arranged on the excavation platform, the drilling unit and the contour excavation unit are both located above the material conveying unit, and the material conveying unit is connected with the drilling unit and the contour excavation unit; the contour excavation unit is used for grooving according to a to-be-excavated contour of the tunnel, so that a static blasting free surface is formed on the periphery of the tunnel; the drilling unit is used for forming blast holes in a to-be-excavated contour at the top of the tunnel; the conveying unit is used for conveying stone slag formed by the drilling unit and the contour excavation unit in a centralized mode. A static blasting free face is formed on the periphery of the tunnel in the tunnel top-lifting construction process, the free face of the tunnel is improved, and meanwhile the static blasting efficiency and reliability are improved; and then the tunnel is drilled, so that the operation difficulty is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel top construction, and specifically relates to static blasting excavation equipment and an excavation method for tunnel top construction. Background Art

[0002] Tunnel top lifting is the process of removing loose rocks in the tunnel by blasting or mechanical means. It follows the construction principle of reinforcement before excavation to ensure construction safety. As one of the important technologies in modern tunnel construction, tunnel top lifting has been significantly improved through continuous innovation and practice, ensuring the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction. At present, the commonly used tunnel top lifting reinforcement methods include steel frame top lifting method, shotcrete method, prefabricated board top lifting method, etc.

[0003] Referring to the patent document with application number CN201610741465.1, a method for top-lifting construction of double branch tunnels in a tunnel is disclosed, which includes the following steps: construction preparation, staggered excavation and support of the upper branch tunnel and the lower branch tunnel, erecting a portal steel frame at the intersection of the lower branch tunnel and the main tunnel, lifting the upper branch tunnel into the upper part of the main tunnel, erecting the initial support steel frame of the upper part of the main tunnel, spraying concrete to seal it, and then backfilling the part between the top of the upper branch tunnel and the initial support steel frame of the upper part of the main tunnel, erecting the main tunnel steel frame, driving anchor rods to lock it, spraying concrete to seal it, and the lower branch tunnel entering the lower part of the main tunnel, excavating the upper part of the main tunnel to the lower branch tunnel through the main tunnel, forming a circumferential steel frame support, and completing the construction of large-section soft surrounding rock. The initial support steel frame in the patent document is equivalent to a temporary support structure, and then the steel frame top-lifting method and the spraying concrete method are used to reinforce the tunnel top.

[0004] In the prior art, blasting is mostly used when excavating the top. However, excavation by blasting has the problem of high construction risk, and blasting construction is easy to disturb the surrounding rock, resulting in over-excavation and under-excavation, which poses serious safety hazards to subsequent construction. Therefore, the prior art generally uses slots and blasting holes in the tunnel to effectively avoid over-excavation and under-excavation and ensure construction safety. However, this operation method needs to be completed by different construction equipment, which not only increases the construction content and increases the difficulty of the operation, but also reduces the construction efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a static blasting excavation device and excavation method for tunnel top construction, so as to solve the technical problems of great difficulty and low construction efficiency in the current tunnel top construction by blasting excavation.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention discloses a static blasting excavation device for tunnel top construction, comprising an excavation platform, a contour excavation unit, a drilling unit and a material feeding unit;

[0008] The feeding unit, the drilling unit and the contour excavation unit are all arranged on the excavation platform, and the drilling unit and the contour excavation unit are both located above the feeding unit, and the feeding unit is connected to the drilling unit and the contour excavation unit;

[0009] The contour excavation unit is used to perform grooving according to the contour of the tunnel to be excavated, so that a static blasting free surface is formed on the periphery of the tunnel;

[0010] The drilling unit is used to open a blasting hole within the contour of the tunnel to be excavated;

[0011] The material conveying unit is used for centrally conveying the stone slag formed by the drilling unit and the contour excavation unit.

[0012] It is further defined that the static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction also includes a reagent mixing unit, which is arranged on the excavation platform and is arranged side by side with the contour excavation unit, the drilling unit and the feeding unit;

[0013] The agent preparation unit is used to stir the various raw material components of the expansion blasting agent to make the various raw material components uniform, and to transport the stirred expansion blasting agent.

[0014] It is further defined that the contour excavation unit includes a groove excavation device and a contour slide frame, and the drilling unit includes a mounting back plate and a plurality of drilling devices;

[0015] The profile rail frame is connected to the excavation platform, the slotting device is movably connected to the profile rail frame, the profile rail frame is sleeved on the outside of the drilling device, and the slotting device slots along the set trajectory of the profile rail frame to form a static blasting free surface on the periphery of the tunnel, wherein the set trajectory matches the profile to be excavated;

[0016] The drilling device is movably connected to the mounting back plate, and the mounting back plate is connected to the excavation platform; a plurality of the drilling devices are arranged in an array on the mounting back plate, and a plurality of blasting holes can be opened simultaneously.

[0017] It is further defined that the slotting device includes a slotting drill, a first telescopic mechanism and a slotting reinforcement rib; the first telescopic mechanism is slidably connected to the profile slide rail frame, the slotting drill is transmission-connected to the first telescopic mechanism, the slotting drill and the first telescopic mechanism are arranged in the same direction, and the slotting reinforcement rib is connected between the profile slide rail frame and the excavation platform;

[0018] The drilling device comprises a hole drilling machine, a second telescopic mechanism and a movable mounting member; the movable mounting member is movably connected to the mounting back plate, the second telescopic mechanism is connected to the mounting back plate through the movable mounting member, the hole drilling machine is transmission-connected to the second telescopic mechanism, the hole drilling machine and the second telescopic mechanism are arranged in the same direction, and the slotted reinforcement rib is located on the outside of the hole drilling machine;

[0019] The hole-opening drill is used to open a blasting hole within the outline of the tunnel to be excavated; the second telescopic mechanism is used to adjust the opening depth of the blasting hole; and the movable mounting part is used to fine-tune the opening position of the blasting hole.

[0020] It is further defined that the movable mounting member includes a connecting horizontal plate and a plurality of connecting vertical plates, the connecting horizontal plate is provided with a horizontal guide rail, the connecting vertical plate is slidably connected to the connecting horizontal plate through the horizontal guide rail, the connecting vertical plate is provided with a vertical guide rail, and the second telescopic mechanism is slidably connected to the connecting vertical plate through the vertical guide rail; the connecting horizontal plate is connected to the mounting back plate;

[0021] The blasting hole opening position of the drilling device is finely adjusted by the sliding cooperation of the connecting horizontal plate and the connecting vertical plate.

[0022] It is further defined that the second telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic connecting frame, a screw drive, a screw, a limit guide rail, a telescopic connecting clamp ring and a follower roller;

[0023] The connecting vertical plate is connected to the telescopic connecting frame through a vertical guide rail, the telescopic connecting frame is sleeved on the outside of the screw drive, the screw drive is connected to the screw transmission, the screw and the limit guide rail are arranged in the same direction, the limit guide rail is connected to the outside of the telescopic connecting frame, the hole drilling rig is threadedly connected to the screw through a telescopic connecting clamp, the follower roller is located on both sides of the telescopic connecting clamp, the follower roller cooperates with the limit guide rail, and the telescopic connecting clamp is slidably connected to the limit guide rail through the follower roller.

[0024] It is further defined that the drilling unit is located behind the profile slide frame, and the drilling unit also includes a drilling lifting device, a jacking drive device and a lifting operation device;

[0025] The drilling lifting device is provided with a connecting back plate which is in transmission connection with the drilling lifting device, a fixing plate which is in transmission connection with the drilling lifting device is provided on the back of the drilling lifting device, the connecting cross plate is in transmission connection with the drilling lifting device through the connecting back plate, and the lifting drive device is connected with the drilling lifting device through the fixing plate; the lifting drive device is connected between the drilling lifting device and the mounting back plate;

[0026] The lifting device is connected to the excavation platform, and a mounting base is provided on the lifting device, the mounting base is connected to the mounting back plate, a longitudinal guide rail is provided on the mounting base, and the jacking drive device is slidably connected to the mounting base through the longitudinal guide rail, and the lifting device is located at the back of the contour slide rail frame;

[0027] The drilling lifting device is used to adjust the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device once;

[0028] The jacking drive device and the lifting operation device perform secondary adjustment on the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device.

[0029] It is further defined that the lifting operation device includes a lifting column, a rack arranged on the lifting column, a gear cooperating with the rack, a connecting sleeve arranged on the outside of the lifting column, a support plate connected to the connecting sleeve, and a rotating handle connected to the gear; the rack is arranged in the same direction as the lifting column, the connecting sleeve is located on the outside of the rack, the gear is rotatably connected to the connecting sleeve, and the mounting base plate is arranged on the support plate.

[0030] The present invention provides a static blasting excavation method for tunnel top construction, which is applied to the above-mentioned static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction, and comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. Determine the contour to be excavated at the top of the tunnel, and perform grooving using the contour excavation unit according to the contour to be excavated, so that a static blasting free surface is formed on the periphery of the tunnel;

[0032] S2, opening a plurality of blasting holes within the contour of the tunnel to be excavated by a drilling unit;

[0033] S3. The stone slag formed by the contour excavation unit and the drilling unit is centrally transported through the feeding unit.

[0034] 10. According to the above-mentioned static blasting excavation method for tunnel top construction, the step S1 includes the following steps:

[0035] S1.1. Determine the contour of the tunnel top to be excavated;

[0036] S1.2. Determine a contour slide frame of corresponding shape according to the contour to be excavated, and install the contour slide frame on the excavation platform to provide a set trajectory for the slotting drill;

[0037] S1.3, adjusting the slotting depth under the action of the first telescopic mechanism, and moving the slotting drill along the contour slide rail frame to perform slotting;

[0038] The step S2 comprises the following steps:

[0039] S2.1. Turn the handle to adjust the installation base plate to the set height;

[0040] S2.2, using the drilling lifting device to adjust the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device once, and using the jacking drive device and the lifting operation device to adjust the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device twice;

[0041] S2.3. Use the movable mounting parts to fine-tune the height and horizontal position of the hole drilling rig;

[0042] S2.4, opening a blasting hole. During the opening of the blasting hole, the opening depth of the hole-opening drill is adjusted by the second telescopic mechanism, and the height of the connecting horizontal plate is adjusted by the drilling lifting device;

[0043] S2.5. Repeat steps S2.1 to S2.4 until all blasting holes are opened.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] 1. A static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction, which integrates a contour excavation unit, a drilling unit and a feeding unit, realizes the formation of a static blasting free surface on the periphery of the tunnel during the tunnel top construction process, increases the free surface on the top of the tunnel, and improves the efficiency and reliability of static blasting; then drills holes in the contour to be excavated in the tunnel, reduces the difficulty of operation, and improves the efficiency of operation. The present invention transports the stones produced by static blasting through the feeding unit, reduces the investment in on-site equipment, improves the feeding efficiency, reduces the cost of transporting materials, and meets the actual excavation needs.

[0046] 2. The present invention utilizes a grooving device and a contour slide rail to perform grooving on the contour to be excavated of the tunnel, and at the same time will not affect the drilling unit in the middle position to perform blasting holes in the contour to be excavated of the tunnel. The structural design is optimized to ensure that the grooving and the hole opening can be performed successively or simultaneously, thereby improving the working efficiency. Moreover, the height and spacing of the hole opening drill can be fine-tuned through the movable mounting parts to improve the accuracy of the hole opening, and further improve the quality and efficiency of the static blasting. The synchronous drilling of multiple hole opening drills can further improve the working efficiency, and the depth of the hole opening can also be adjusted by the second telescopic mechanism to meet different construction requirements and improve the scope of application.

[0047] 3. The present invention utilizes a lifting operation device to drive the hole-opening drill on the connecting cross plate to quickly adjust to the area where drilling is required, and then utilizes the drilling lifting device to further adjust the height of the hole-opening drill on the connecting cross plate, and utilizes two-stage height adjustment to achieve rapid and accurate adjustment of the position of the hole-opening drill, thereby improving operation efficiency; during the drilling process, the jacking drive device can further improve the feeding stability of the hole-opening drill and improve drilling efficiency.

[0048] 4. The present invention utilizes a spraying device to spray and suppress the dust generated during the static blasting process, thereby reducing pollution to the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the contour excavation unit of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the slotting device of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the drilling lifting device of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting operation device of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the medicine preparation box of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pharmaceutical batching bin of the present invention;

[0056] In the figure, 100-excavation platform; 200-contour excavation unit; 210-grooving device; 211-grooving drill; 212-first telescopic mechanism; 213-grooving reinforcement rib; 220-contour slide rail frame; 300-drilling unit; 310-mounting back plate; 320-drilling device; 321-drilling drill; 322-second telescopic mechanism; 330-movable mounting member; 331-connecting horizontal plate; 332-connecting vertical plate; 333-horizontal guide rail; 334-vertical guide rail; 340-drilling lifting device; 350-lifting drive device; 360-lifting operation device; 361-lifting support; 362-rack; 363-gear; 364-connecting sleeve; 365-support plate; 366-turning handle; 370-mounting base plate; 371-longitudinal guide rail; 400-pharmaceutical preparation unit; 410-pharmaceutical preparation drive; 420-pharmaceutical preparation box; 421-preparation support; 430-pharmaceutical feeding channel; 440-pharmaceutical batching bin; 450-raw material insulation layer; 500-feeding unit; 600-spraying device; a-telescopic connecting frame; b-screw drive; c-screw; d-limiting guide rail; e-telescopic connecting clamp; f-follow-up roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] refer to Figure 1The present embodiment provides a static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction, including an excavation platform 100, a contour excavation unit 200, a drilling unit 300, a medicament preparation unit 400 and a feeding unit 500; the contour excavation unit 200, the drilling unit 300, the medicament preparation unit 400 and the feeding unit 500 are all arranged on the excavation platform 100, and the excavation platform 100 is used to move in the tunnel, thereby reducing the difficulty and cost of transporting and carrying each equipment and improving the working efficiency. Among them, the contour excavation unit 200 is used to groove the top of the tunnel according to the contour to be excavated at the top of the tunnel, so that a static blasting free surface is formed on the periphery of the top of the tunnel; the drilling unit 300 is used to open blasting holes within the contour to be excavated at the top of the tunnel; the feeding unit 500 is used to centrally transport the stone slag formed by the drilling unit 300 and the contour excavation unit 200; the agent preparation unit 400 is used to stir the various raw material components of the expansion blasting agent to mix the various raw material components and transport the stirred expansion blasting agent, wherein the various components include but are not limited to alum stone, quicklime, magnesium oxide and kyanite.

[0060] Among them, the feeding unit 500 is erected above the excavation platform 100, and is used to transport the stone slag at the front end of the excavation platform 100 to the rear end of the excavation platform 100, so as to realize active feeding, avoid the loading equipment from entering the site for cleaning, reduce costs and improve efficiency; the drilling unit 300, the contour excavation unit 200 and the agent preparation unit 400 are all arranged on the excavation platform 100, avoiding the feeding unit 500. Preferably, the drilling unit 300 and the contour excavation unit 200 are arranged along the axis of the excavation platform 100. At this time, the feeding unit 500 can be selected to be inclined with respect to the axis of the excavation platform 100 in the horizontal direction, or it can be selected to bypass the drilling unit 300, the contour excavation unit 200 and the agent preparation unit 400 through multiple conveying sections; the agent preparation unit 400 can be selected to be arranged at the bottom of the excavation platform 100. In order to avoid collision and damage to it during movement, it is preferred to arrange the agent preparation unit 400 on the top surface of the excavation platform 100. It is further preferred that the agent preparation unit 400 is also arranged along the axis of the excavation platform 100, and the excavation platform 100 can be selected to be close to the tail end of the excavation platform 100, so as to facilitate operations such as adding materials during the construction process; and either the drilling unit 300 or the contour excavation unit 200 is close to the head end of the excavation platform 100, and the contour excavation unit 200 needs to be mounted on the outside of the drilling unit 300, so that the grooving and hole opening do not interfere with each other and can be performed sequentially or simultaneously, thereby further improving work efficiency.

[0061] Specifically, the contour excavation unit 200 is used to make grooves according to the contour of the tunnel to be excavated, so as to improve the free surface of the tunnel and improve the efficiency of static blasting; then the drilling unit 300 is used to open blasting holes within the contour of the tunnel to be excavated. Multiple blasting holes need to be opened, thereby reducing the difficulty and cost of manual hole opening and improving the efficiency of hole opening; then the reagent preparation unit 400 is used to prepare the blasting expansion agent on site to ensure the reliability of the use of the blasting expansion agent. After the static blasting is completed, the feeding unit 500 is started to transport the scattered stones from one end of the tunnel along the excavation platform 100 to the other end of the tunnel. The whole process is simple and fast to operate, reducing the number of manual workers on site, reducing construction risks and costs, and at the same time, the excavation process is completed in coordination, improving the operation efficiency and meeting the actual construction needs. Specifically, after the blasting expansion agent is transported out by the reagent preparation unit 400, the blasting expansion agent is manually loaded into the hollow cylindrical shell and placed in the blasting hole after being installed. As time goes by, the blasting expansion agent will break the shell, apply load to the surrounding rock mass, and cause the rock at the top of the tunnel to break. The size of the hollow cylindrical shell is determined according to the diameter of the blasting hole. The present invention mixes the blasting expansion agent on site and then puts it into the hollow cylindrical shell, which is then placed in the blasting hole, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the blasting expansion agent, reducing the difficulty of manual on-site mixing, and further improving the excavation efficiency.

[0062] For further explanation, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 The contour excavation unit 200 includes a grooving device 210 and a contour slide frame 220. The contour slide frame 220 is usually an arched structure and can also be replaced according to actual needs. The contour slide frame 220 is used to provide an installation position and reliable support for the grooving device 210.

[0063] In order to further improve the support reliability, it is preferred to provide slotted reinforcement ribs 213 on the contour slide frame 220, and the slotted reinforcement ribs 213 are connected between the contour slide frame 220 and the excavation platform 100. Preferably, the slotted reinforcement ribs 213 are symmetrically arranged along the symmetry axis of the contour slide frame 220 to provide stable support for the contour slide frame 220.

[0064] Preferably, a slotted bottom plate is provided at the bottom of the contour slide frame 220, the contour slide frame 220 and the slotted bottom plate are an integrated structure, the contour slide frame 220 and the slotted bottom plate form an L-shaped structure, the slotted bottom plate is horizontally connected to the top end surface of the excavation platform 100, at this time, the slotted reinforcement rib 213 is connected between the contour slide frame 220 and the slotted bottom plate, and the connection area is increased by the slotted bottom plate, thereby increasing the connection stability.

[0065] The contour slide frame 220 is vertically installed on the top surface of the excavation platform 100 through the grooved bottom plate, and the groove device 210 is connected to the contour slide frame 220 in the horizontal direction. Preferably, the groove device 210 is slidingly connected to the contour slide frame 220, so that the groove device 210 can move along the frame of the contour slide frame 220, thereby realizing the groove corresponding to the contour on the top of the tunnel, forming a static blasting free surface around the tunnel, and improving the quality of static blasting.

[0066] The number of the slotting device 210 is at least one. When the slotting length is longer or multiple slots are required, two or more slotting devices 210 can be set to perform the slotting operation simultaneously to improve work efficiency.

[0067] Specifically, the slotting device 210 includes a slotting drill 211 and a first telescopic mechanism 212. The slotting drill 211 is connected to the first telescopic mechanism 212. The slotting drill 211 can be a water-grinding drill. The first telescopic mechanism 212 is horizontally arranged to drive the slotting drill 211 to move in a direction perpendicular to the tunnel to control the slotting depth. The first telescopic mechanism 212 is connected to the profile slide frame 220. The first telescopic mechanism 212 can be a cylinder telescopic mechanism or an electric telescopic mechanism. The first telescopic mechanism 212 is composed of a motor and a rotating rubber pulley. The rubber pulley is in contact with both sides of the profile slide frame 220. After the motor is driven, the rubber pulley slides on the profile slide frame 220 by friction.

[0068] For further explanation, see Figure 1 The drilling unit 300 includes a mounting back plate 310 and a drilling device 320. A plurality of drilling devices 320 are mounted on the mounting back plate 310. Usually, the drilling devices 320 are mounted perpendicular to the mounting back plate 310. The mounting back plate 310 is vertically arranged. The mounting back plate 310 is used to provide a mounting position and drilling support for the drilling devices 320.

[0069] The number of drilling devices 320 can be selected to be one, two or more; when the number of drilling devices 320 is one, two or less than the number of blasting holes that need to be opened, the drilling device 320 is movably connected to the mounting back plate 310, so that the drilling device 320 can open blasting holes at different positions by moving the position; when the number of drilling devices 320 is the same as the number of blasting holes that need to be opened, the drilling devices 320 can be arranged on the mounting back plate 310 one by one according to the opening requirements; preferably, the number of drilling devices 320 is less than or equal to the number of blasting holes required for opening.

[0070] The contour rail frame 220 is sleeved on the outer side of the mounting back plate 310, so that the drilling device 320 can drill holes on the corresponding tunnel top inside the contour rail frame 220; the mounting back plate 310 is vertically mounted on the slotted bottom plate.

[0071] The drilling device 320 includes a hole-opening drill rig 321, a second telescopic mechanism 322 and a movable mounting member 330. The hole-opening drill rig 321 is connected to the second telescopic mechanism 322, and the second telescopic mechanism 322 is connected to the mounting back plate 310 through the movable mounting member 330, so that the hole-opening drill rig 321 can adjust the installation position on the mounting back plate 310 according to needs to realize the opening of blasting holes in different positions, and can also adjust the movement of the hole-opening drill rig 321 along the top of the vertical tunnel through the second telescopic mechanism 322 to control the opening depth of the blasting hole.

[0072] refer to Figure 4 The movable mounting member 330 includes a connecting horizontal plate 331 and a plurality of connecting vertical plates 332. The back of the connecting horizontal plate 331 is connected to the mounting back plate 310. A horizontal guide rail 333 is provided on the connecting horizontal plate 331. The connecting vertical plates 332 are clamped with the connecting horizontal plate 331 through the horizontal guide rail 333, so that the connecting vertical plates 332 can slide along the horizontal guide rail 333; a vertical guide rail 334 is provided on the connecting vertical plate 332. The second telescopic mechanism 322 is slidably connected to the connecting vertical plate 332 through the vertical guide rail 334, so as to fine-tune the distance of the hole drilling machine 321 in the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0073] The number of the movable mounting member 330 is at least one. When the number of the movable mounting member 330 is two, the two movable mounting members 330 are arranged up and down, which reduces the adjustment amount of the hole drilling machine 321 in the vertical direction and improves the working efficiency.

[0074] For further explanation, see Figure 3 The second telescopic mechanism 322 includes a telescopic connecting frame a, a screw drive b, a screw c, a limiting guide rail d, a telescopic connecting snap ring e and a follower roller f; the connecting vertical plate 332 is connected to the telescopic connecting frame a through a vertical guide rail 334, the telescopic connecting frame a is sleeved on the outside of the screw drive b and connected to the screw drive b, the screw drive b can select a gear set or a belt to be connected to one end of the screw c for driving the screw c to rotate, the screw c and the limiting guide rail d are arranged in the same direction, the limiting guide rail d is connected to the outside of the telescopic connecting frame a, the hole drilling rig 321 is threadedly connected to the screw c through the telescopic connecting snap ring e, the follower roller f is located on both sides of the telescopic connecting snap ring e, the follower roller f cooperates with the limiting guide rail d, the telescopic connecting snap ring e is slidably connected to the limiting guide rail d through the follower roller f, so as to prevent the telescopic connecting snap ring e from rotating with the screw c, and at the same time, the auxiliary telescopic connecting snap ring e drives the hole drilling rig 321 to move forward and backward when the screw c rotates.

[0075] The first telescopic mechanism 212 may have the same structure as the second telescopic mechanism 322 .

[0076] Among them, the drilling unit 300 can be arranged in front of the contour slide frame 220, that is, the drilling unit 300 is close to the head end of the excavation platform 100. During operation, the slotting drill rig 211 feeds forward through the first telescopic mechanism 212; after the slotting is completed, the slotting drill rig 211 withdraws, and the hole drilling rig 321 feeds through the second telescopic mechanism 322; or both can feed at the same time, and the feeding amount of both is determined according to the length of the tunnel excavation footage per cycle, and the drilling depth of both is slightly longer than the excavation depth by 10cm to 20cm to prevent under-excavation caused by insufficient blasting depth.

[0077] Further preferably, a spray device 600 is provided on the mounting back plate 310 for performing dust suppression spraying operation during static blasting to avoid environmental pollution and provide a good environment for construction.

[0078] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 , taking the drilling unit 300 being arranged at the rear of the contour slide frame 220 as an example, in order to ensure the drilling depth of the hole drilling rig 321 and further quickly adjust the position of the hole drilling rig 321 on the same connecting cross plate 331, the drilling unit 300 preferably also includes a drilling lifting device 340, a jacking drive device 350 and a lifting operation device 360.

[0079] Specifically, a connecting back plate 341 slidably connected to the front side of the drilling lifting device 340 is provided, so that the drilling lifting device 340 can drive the connecting back plate 341 to move up and down; a fixing plate 342 is provided on the back of the drilling lifting device 340, and the fixing plate 342 is connected to the installation back plate 310 through a jacking drive device 350; the connecting back plate 341 is connected to the connecting horizontal plate 331, which is used to drive the rapid adjustment of the upper and lower positions of the hole-opening drill rig 321 on the connecting horizontal plate 331, so that the drilling device 320 uses the connecting vertical plate 332 to perform a one-time adjustment of the height direction position.

[0080] The number of the drilling lifting devices 340 is preferably two, and the two drilling lifting devices 340 are correspondingly arranged at the two ends of the connecting transverse plate 331 to ensure that the connecting transverse plate 331 moves up and down and remains horizontal.

[0081] The jacking drive device 350 can be optionally connected through a gas tank and a cylinder. The cylinder is horizontally arranged and spaced apart up and down along the length direction of the fixed plate 342. The gas tank is connected to the mounting back plate 310. The cylinder is located on the left and right sides of the gas tank, and is used to push the drilling lifting device 340 forward, so that the hole drilling rig 321 can move quickly to the top position of the tunnel. At the same time, it can provide stable support for the hole drilling rig 321 during drilling feeding, making the hole drilling more reliable.

[0082] The lifting device 360 ​​is arranged on the slotted bottom plate, and a mounting bottom plate 370 is arranged on the lifting device 360, and a longitudinal guide rail 371 is arranged on the mounting bottom plate 370. The jacking drive device 350 is connected to the mounting bottom plate 370, and the cylinder is located above the mounting bottom plate 370. The bottom of the fixed plate 342 cooperates with the longitudinal guide rail 371 to ensure that the drilling lifting device 340 moves stably and reliably; at this time, the slotted reinforcement rib 213 is located on the outside of the longitudinal guide rail 371 to avoid interfering with the movement of the drilling lifting device 340. That is, the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device 320 is adjusted secondary through the jacking drive device 350 and the lifting operation device 360; the lifting operation device 360 ​​includes four lifting operation mechanisms, and the lifting operation mechanism includes a lifting column 361, a rack 362 arranged on the lifting column 361, a gear 363 matched with the rack 362, a connecting sleeve 364 sleeved on the outer side of the lifting column 361, a support plate 365 connected to the connecting sleeve 364 and a rotating handle 366 connected to the gear 363.

[0083] Among them, four lifting operation mechanism arrays are arranged on the slotted bottom plate, the rack 362 is vertically arranged along the height direction of the lifting pillar 361, the connecting sleeve 364 is also located on the outside of the rack 362, the gear 363 is rotatably connected with the connecting sleeve 364, so that the gear 363 is engaged with the rack 362, and the gear 363 is rotated by rotating the handle 366 to drive the connecting sleeve 364 to move up and down along the lifting pillar 361, thereby driving the support plate 365 to move up and down; the four support plates 365 are arranged at the four top corners of the installation base plate 370, which are used to quickly change the height of the hole drilling rig 321 to realize the opening of different blasting holes.

[0084] For further explanation, see Figure 6 and Figure 7 The medicine preparation unit 400 includes a medicine preparation drive 410, a medicine preparation box 420, a medicine feeding channel 430 and a plurality of medicine batching bins 440. The medicine preparation drive 410 is installed on the excavation platform 100. Preparation supports 421 are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the medicine preparation box 420. The preparation supports 421 are connected to the excavation platform 100 and are used to support the medicine preparation box 420. A medicine stirring roller is arranged in the medicine preparation box 420 for uniformly mixing the ingredients in the medicine preparation box 420. The medicine preparation drive 410 is connected to the medicine stirring roller through a transmission component to drive it to rotate and stir.

[0085] The reagent mixing box 420 is provided with a feed port and a discharge port, one end of the reagent feeding channel 430 is connected to the discharge port, and a mechanical arm is used to fill the reagents in sequence; the other end of the reagent feeding channel 430 delivers the stirred blasting expansion agent.

[0086] The medicine preparation box 420 is connected to the preparation support 421 by a flange, which is convenient for disassembly and cleaning.

[0087] refer to Figure 7 The medicine batching bin 440 is used to hold the raw materials for preparing the medicine. Multiple medicine batching bins 440 are arranged at intervals. A raw material insulation layer 450 is wrapped on the outside of the medicine batching bin 440 to keep the materials in the medicine batching bin 440 warm, so that it can cope with different construction environments and improve the scope of application.

[0088] The reagent batching bin 440 is provided with a feed port and a discharge port. The feed port is kept sealed during operation, and the discharge port is connected to the feed port of the reagent mixing box 420. The feeding can be controlled by setting a solenoid valve to further improve the operation efficiency. After filling, the reagent itself will produce a chemical reaction over time. Under the premise of free expansion, the volume after the reaction can increase by 3 to 4 times, and its surface area will also increase by nearly 100 times. The expansion is constrained by the hole wall, and the pressure can rise to 60Mpa. Under this pressure, the surrounding rock will produce radial compression stress and tangential tensile stress.

[0089] During actual construction, the material receiving end of the material feeding unit 500 is close to the top of the tunnel, and the material receiving end of the material feeding unit 500 is located below the slotting drill rig 211. The material discharging end of the material feeding unit 500 passes through the bottom of the contour slide frame 220 and the bottom of the mounting base plate 370, and extends to the outside of the tail end of the excavation platform 100. At this time, the stone can be transported out by a material transport vehicle. The pharmaceutical preparation unit 400 is located on one side of the material feeding unit 500, and movable wheels can be set at the bottom of the excavation platform 100 for easy movement.

[0090] Example 2

[0091] Based on the static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction provided in Example 1, this embodiment provides a static blasting excavation method for tunnel top construction, including the following steps:

[0092] S1, determining the contour to be excavated at the top of the tunnel, and according to the contour to be excavated, grooves are made at the top of the tunnel by the contour excavation unit 200, so that a static blasting free surface is formed at the periphery of the top of the tunnel;

[0093] S2, opening a plurality of blasting holes on the top of the tunnel by means of the drilling unit 300;

[0094] S3. The stone slag formed by the contour excavation unit 200 and the drilling unit 300 is centrally transported through the feeding unit 500.

[0095] It should be noted that there is no order relationship between step S1 and step S2. Step S1 can be performed first, and then step S2; step S2 can be performed first, and then step S1; or step S1 and step S2 can be performed simultaneously.

[0096] Specifically, step S1 includes the following steps:

[0097] S1.1. Determine the contour of the tunnel top to be excavated;

[0098] S1.2, determining a contour slide frame 220 of a corresponding shape according to the contour to be excavated, and installing the contour slide frame 220 on the excavation platform 100 to provide a set trajectory for the slotting drill 211;

[0099] S1.3, the slotting drill 211 is started, and the slotting depth at the corresponding position is controlled under the action of the first telescopic mechanism 212. After the slotting is completed, the slotting drill 211 is retracted under the action of the first telescopic mechanism 212.

[0100] Specifically, step S2 includes the following steps:

[0101] S2.1. Use the handle 366 to adjust the mounting base plate 370 to a set height;

[0102] S2.2, using the drilling lifting device 340 to adjust the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device 320 once, and using the jacking drive device 350 and the lifting operation device 360 ​​to adjust the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device 320 twice;

[0103] S2.3, fine-adjust the height and horizontal position of the hole drilling machine 321 by using the movable mounting member 330;

[0104] S2.4, start the hole drilling machine 321 to open the blasting hole. During the opening process of the blasting hole, the hole opening depth of the hole drilling machine 321 is controlled by the second telescopic mechanism 322, and the height of the connecting horizontal plate 331 is adjusted by the drilling lifting device 340;

[0105] S2.5. Re-execute steps S2.1 to S2.4 until all blasting holes are opened.

[0106] Specifically, step S3 includes the following steps:

[0107] S3.1. Determine the weight of the reagent to be prepared according to the volume and number of blasting holes;

[0108] S3.2. Determine the weight of each material according to the weight of the medicine to be prepared and the ratio of each material;

[0109] S3.3, feeding materials to the medicine preparation box through the corresponding medicine preparation bin 440 according to the weight of each material;

[0110] S3.4, start the medicine preparation drive 410, and use the medicine stirring roller to stir and mix to obtain the medicine to be prepared;

[0111] S3.5. Use the reagent feeding channel 430 to fill the prepared reagent into each blasting hole.

[0112] Specifically, step S4 includes the following steps:

[0113] S4.1, start the feeding unit 500;

[0114] S4.2. Use a material transport trolley to transport the statically blasted stones out of the discharging end of the material transport unit 500.

[0115] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction, used for static blasting construction of tunnel top, characterized in that: It comprises an excavation platform (100), a contour excavation unit (200), a drilling unit (300) and a material feeding unit (500); The feeding unit (500), the drilling unit (300) and the contour excavation unit (200) are all arranged on the excavation platform (100), and the drilling unit (300) and the contour excavation unit (200) are both located above the feeding unit (500), and the feeding unit (500) is connected to the drilling unit (300) and the contour excavation unit (200); The contour excavation unit (200) is used to perform grooving according to the contour of the tunnel to be excavated, so that a static blasting free surface is formed on the periphery of the tunnel; The drilling unit (300) is used to open a blasting hole within the contour of the tunnel to be excavated; The material conveying unit (500) is used to centrally convey the stone slag formed by the drilling unit (300) and the contour excavation unit (200).

2. The static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction also includes a reagent preparation unit (400), which is arranged on the excavation platform (100) and is arranged side by side with the contour excavation unit (200), the drilling unit (300) and the feeding unit (500); The agent preparation unit (400) is used to stir the various raw material components of the expansion blasting agent to make the various raw material components uniform, and to transport the stirred expansion blasting agent.

3. The static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The contour excavation unit (200) comprises a grooving device (210) and a contour slide rail frame (220), and the drilling unit (300) comprises a mounting back plate (310) and a plurality of drilling devices (320); The profile rail frame (220) is connected to the excavation platform (100), the slotting device (210) is movably connected to the profile rail frame (220), the profile rail frame (220) is sleeved on the outside of the drilling device (320), and the slotting device (210) slots along a set trajectory of the profile rail frame (220) to form a static blasting free surface on the periphery of the tunnel, wherein the set trajectory matches the profile to be excavated; The drilling device (320) is movably connected to the mounting back plate (310), and the mounting back plate (310) is connected to the excavation platform (100); a plurality of the drilling devices (320) are arranged in an array on the mounting back plate (310), and a plurality of blasting holes can be opened simultaneously.

4. The static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The slotting device (210) comprises a slotting drill (211), a first telescopic mechanism (212) and a slotting reinforcement rib (213); the first telescopic mechanism (212) is slidably connected to a profile slide rail frame (220), the slotting drill (211) is transmission-connected to the first telescopic mechanism (212), and the slotting drill (211) and the first telescopic mechanism (212) are arranged in the same direction, and the slotting reinforcement rib (213) is connected between the profile slide rail frame (220) and the excavation platform (100); The drilling device (320) comprises a hole drilling machine (321), a second telescopic mechanism (322) and a movable mounting member (330); the movable mounting member (330) is movably connected to the mounting back plate (310); the second telescopic mechanism (322) is connected to the mounting back plate (310) via the movable mounting member (330); the hole drilling machine (321) is transmission-connected to the second telescopic mechanism (322); the hole drilling machine (321) and the second telescopic mechanism (322) are arranged in the same direction; and the slotted reinforcing rib (213) is located on the outside of the hole drilling machine (321); The hole-opening drill (321) is used to open a blasting hole within the contour of a tunnel to be excavated; the second telescopic mechanism (322) is used to adjust the opening depth of the blasting hole; and the movable mounting member (330) is used to fine-tune the opening position of the blasting hole.

5. The static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The movable mounting member (330) comprises a connecting transverse plate (331) and a plurality of connecting vertical plates (332); the connecting transverse plate (331) is provided with a transverse guide rail (333); the connecting vertical plates (332) are slidably connected to the connecting transverse plate (331) via the transverse guide rail (333); the connecting vertical plates (332) are provided with a vertical guide rail (334); the second telescopic mechanism (322) is slidably connected to the connecting vertical plates (332) via the vertical guide rail (334); the connecting transverse plate (331) is connected to the mounting back plate (310); The blasting hole opening position of the drilling device (320) is finely adjusted by the sliding cooperation of the connecting horizontal plate (331) and the connecting vertical plate (332).

6. The static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second telescopic mechanism (322) comprises a telescopic connecting frame (a), a screw drive (b), a screw (c), a limiting guide rail (d), a telescopic connecting clamp (e) and a follower roller (f); The connecting vertical plate (332) is connected to the telescopic connecting frame (a) through a vertical guide rail (334); the telescopic connecting frame (a) is sleeved on the outer side of the screw drive (b); the screw drive (b) is transmission-connected to the screw (c); the screw (c) and the limit guide rail (d) are arranged in the same direction; the limit guide rail (d) is connected to the outer side of the telescopic connecting frame (a); the hole drilling machine (321) is threadedly connected to the screw (c) through a telescopic connecting clamp (e); the follower roller (f) is located on both sides of the telescopic connecting clamp (e); the follower roller (f) cooperates with the limit guide rail (d); the telescopic connecting clamp (e) is slidingly connected to the limit guide rail (d) through the follower roller (f).

7. The static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The drilling unit (300) is located behind the contour slide rail frame (220), and the drilling unit (300) further comprises a drilling lifting device (340), a lifting drive device (350) and a lifting operation device (360); The drilling lifting device (340) is provided with a connecting back plate (341) which is transmission-connected thereto, and the back of the drilling lifting device (340) is provided with a fixing plate (342) which is connection thereto, the connecting transverse plate (331) is transmission-connected to the drilling lifting device (340) via the connecting back plate (341), and the lifting drive device (350) is connected to the drilling lifting device (340) via the fixing plate (342); the lifting drive device (350) is connected between the drilling lifting device (340) and the mounting back plate (310); The lifting device (360) is connected to the excavation platform (100), a mounting base plate (370) is provided on the lifting device (360), the mounting base plate (370) is connected to the mounting back plate (310), a longitudinal guide rail (371) is provided on the mounting base plate (370), the lifting drive device (350) is slidably connected to the mounting base plate (370) via the longitudinal guide rail (371), and the lifting device (360) is located at the back of the profile slide rail frame (220); The drilling lifting device (340) is used to adjust the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device (320) once; The jacking drive device (350) and the lifting operation device (360) perform secondary adjustment on the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device (320).

8. The static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The lifting operation device (360) comprises a lifting support (361), a rack (362) arranged on the lifting support (361), a gear (363) matched with the rack (362), a connecting sleeve (364) sleeved on the outside of the lifting support (361), a support plate (365) connected to the connecting sleeve (364), and a rotating handle (366) connected to the gear (363); the rack (362) and the lifting support (361) are arranged in the same direction, the connecting sleeve (364) is located on the outside of the rack (362), the gear (363) is rotatably connected to the connecting sleeve (364), and the mounting base plate (370) is arranged on the supporting plate (365).

9. A method for static blasting excavation in tunnel top construction, applied to the static blasting excavation equipment for tunnel top construction as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, determining the contour to be excavated at the top of the tunnel, and performing grooving by a contour excavation unit (200) according to the contour to be excavated, so that a static blasting free surface is formed on the periphery of the tunnel; S2, opening a plurality of blasting holes within the contour of the tunnel to be excavated by means of a drilling unit (300); S3. The stone slag formed by the contour excavation unit (200) and the drilling unit (300) is centrally transported through the material conveying unit (500).

10. The static blasting excavation method for tunnel top construction according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step S1 comprises the following steps: S1.

1. Determine the contour of the tunnel top to be excavated; S1.2, determining a contour slide frame (220) of a corresponding shape according to the contour to be excavated, and installing the contour slide frame (220) on the excavation platform (100) to provide a set trajectory for the slotting drill (211); S1.3, adjusting the slotting depth under the action of the first telescopic mechanism (212), and moving the slotting drill (211) along the contour slide rail frame (220) to perform slotting; The step S2 comprises the following steps: S2.

1. Turn the handle (366) to adjust the mounting base plate (370) to a set height; S2.2, using the drilling lifting device (340) to adjust the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device (320) once, and using the jacking drive device (350) and the lifting operation device (360) to adjust the blasting hole opening position of the drilling device (320) twice; S2.3, using the movable mounting member (330) to fine-tune the height and horizontal position of the hole drilling machine (321); S2.4, a blast hole is opened. During the blast hole opening process, the opening depth of the hole opening drill (321) is adjusted by the second telescopic mechanism (322), and the height of the connecting horizontal plate (331) is adjusted by the drilling lifting device (340); S2.

5. Repeat steps S2.1 to S2.4 until all blasting holes are opened.

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