Yielding energy-absorbing supporting device suitable for surrounding rock large-deformation tunnel

Abstract

The invention provides a yielding energy-absorbing supporting device suitable for a surrounding rock large-deformation tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of tunnel supporting. Telescopic components used for supporting deformation of a steel arch are arranged on the steel arch at intervals and provided with supporting rods, the two ends of each supporting rod are connected with the steel arch, and the supporting rods are connected with the supporting rods. At least one end of the supporting rod is provided with an automatic telescopic unit, a buffering energy absorption assembly and a stopping assembly are arranged in the automatic telescopic unit, and when the steel arch is stressed, the buffering energy absorption assembly automatically buffers deformation force of the steel arch and generates supporting resistance; the stop assembly is used for automatically generating resistance to prevent the steel arch from continuously deforming when the two ends of the supporting rod are subjected to continuous tension, and construction safety is guaranteed. The technical problems that an existing telescopic steel arch is complex in telescopic control and maintenance, high in cost and poor in practicability are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel support, and in particular relates to a pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device suitable for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy, tunnel projects such as transportation, energy and water conservancy are gradually moving into deep and high-ground stress areas, and the scale of high-ground stress tunnel construction is increasing. Practice has shown that the large deformation disaster of surrounding rock during the construction of high-stress tunnels is more prominent, which is characterized by weak surrounding rock, large surrounding rock deformation, high deformation rate, and long deformation convergence time or even no convergence.

[0003] When large deformation of soft rock occurs in the tunnel, the surrounding rock continues to squeeze the support system. Conventional support structures are often limited by their mechanical properties, and the support effect is poor. Problems such as concrete falling, steel arch distortion, dislocation and secondary lining cracking often occur, resulting in serious damage to the initial support, affecting the safety of the tunnel and increasing construction investment costs.

[0004] As a management strategy for large deformation disasters in soft rocks, retractable steel arch frames are currently used. For example, Chinese utility model patent with document number CN210370741U discloses a retractable tunnel support arch frame, which realizes the telescopic deformation of the steel arch frame by installing hydraulic cylinders on the steel arch frame. However, in actual use, the steel arch frames need to be arranged in large numbers along the tunnel. Therefore, this solution requires a large number of hydraulic drive components, which makes its control and maintenance complicated, costly, and difficult to promote and apply in engineering.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an improved technical solution to address the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device suitable for tunnels with large deformation of surrounding rocks, so as to solve the technical problems of complex telescopic control and maintenance, high cost and poor practicality of existing telescopic steel arch frames.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device applicable to a tunnel with large surrounding rock deformation of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A pressure-absorbing energy-absorbing support device suitable for a tunnel with large deformation of surrounding rock comprises a steel arch frame, on which telescopic components for supporting the deformation of the steel arch frame are arranged at intervals, the telescopic components have a support rod, both ends of the support rod are respectively connected to the steel arch frame, at least one end of the support rod is provided with an automatic telescopic unit, the automatic telescopic unit has a buffering energy-absorbing component and a stopper component, when the steel arch frame is subjected to force, the buffering energy-absorbing component automatically buffers the deformation force of the steel arch frame and generates a supporting resistance; the stopper component is used to automatically generate resistance to prevent the steel arch frame from continuous deformation when both ends of the support rod are subjected to continuous tension, thereby ensuring construction safety.

[0009] As a further optimized technical solution, the automatic telescopic unit includes:

[0010] A mounting seat, the mounting seat is used to be fixedly connected to the steel arch frame;

[0011] A fixing cylinder, which is arranged on the mounting seat and is used to connect the supporting rod;

[0012] A sliding cylinder, the sliding cylinder is arranged in the fixed cylinder, the sliding cylinder has a sliding channel, the sliding channel is coaxially arranged with the fixed cylinder, the end of the support rod extends into the sliding channel and slides in cooperation with the sliding channel;

[0013] An elastic buffer, wherein the elastic buffer is arranged in the sliding channel at one end close to the mounting seat, one end of the elastic buffer is fixedly connected to the sliding channel, and the other end is fixedly connected to the support rod;

[0014] A sliding plug, wherein the sliding plug is fixedly sleeved at the end of the support rod, the sliding plug presses the sliding channel and slides with the sliding channel;

[0015] The sliding channel, the elastic buffer and the sliding plug constitute the buffer energy absorption component.

[0016] As a further optimized technical solution, the automatic telescopic unit further includes:

[0017] A stop block, wherein the stop block is slidably disposed in an area of ​​the sliding channel away from the mounting seat, and the stop blocks are arranged at intervals along the axial direction and the circumferential direction of the sliding channel;

[0018] A driving structure, the driving structure is used to drive the stop block to slide and reset along the sliding channel;

[0019] The stop block and the driving structure constitute the stop assembly.

[0020] As a further optimized technical solution, an accommodating cavity is arranged between the sliding cylinder and the fixed cylinder, the driving structure is arranged in the accommodating cavity, a guide through hole is opened on the side wall of the sliding cylinder, the length dimension of the guide through hole along the axial direction of the sliding channel is greater than the length dimension of the stop block along the axial direction of the sliding channel, and the stop block extends from the accommodating cavity into the sliding channel to prevent the sliding plug from continuing to slide.

[0021] As a further optimized technical solution, the driving structure includes a sliding block and an elastic telescopic part. The sliding block is slidably arranged in the accommodating cavity, the stop block is fixedly arranged on the sliding block, and the elastic telescopic part is arranged at one end of the accommodating cavity away from the support seat. One end of the elastic telescopic part is fixedly connected to the accommodating cavity, and the other end is used to press the sliding block.

[0022] As a further optimized technical solution, the accommodating chamber has a first inner wall arranged on the fixed cylinder and a second inner wall arranged on the outside of the sliding cylinder. The first inner wall is an inclined conical surface, and the first inner wall gradually shrinks from one end close to the mounting seat to the end away from the mounting seat toward one side close to the axial direction of the sliding cylinder.

[0023] As a further optimized technical solution, the side of the sliding block facing the first inner side wall has an inclined conical surface with the same inclination angle as the first inner side wall.

[0024] As a further optimized technical solution, the side of the stop block facing away from the sliding plug has a guiding inclined surface.

[0025] As a further optimized technical solution, a limit block is fixedly provided at one end of the sliding channel away from the mounting seat to prevent the end of the support rod from escaping from the sliding channel.

[0026] As a further optimized technical solution, the steel arch frame includes multiple sections of sub-arch frames overlapped with each other, the cross-section of each sub-arch frame is an open isosceles trapezoid, and the steel arch frame is provided with fixed edges on both sides of the open position, and the mounting seat has two relatively arranged fixed frames, and the two fixed frames are clamped on the fixed edges.

[0027] Beneficial effect: The present invention installs a telescopic component on the steel arch frame, and the two ends of the support rod of the telescopic component are respectively connected to the steel arch frame, and an automatic telescopic unit is installed at the end of the support rod. In this way, when the steel arch frame is deformed by force, the automatic telescopic unit can compensate for the deformation of the steel arch frame while generating a supporting resistance through its own telescopic expansion. There is no need to arrange additional hydraulic driving energy. Compared with the prior art, it is more convenient to use and does not require real-time monitoring and maintenance of the hydraulic driving components. Compared with the telescopic structure of the hydraulic system, it is more practical; in addition, a buffer energy absorption component and a stopper component are provided in the automatic telescopic unit. When the steel arch frame is subjected to force, the buffer energy absorption component automatically buffers the deformation force of the steel arch frame and generates a supporting resistance, that is, the automatic telescopic unit can absorb the energy of the deformation of the surrounding rock during its own automatic telescopic expansion, so that the device of the present invention has a "resistance in yielding" support effect; the stopper component is used to automatically generate resistance when the two ends of the support rod are subjected to continuous tension to prevent the steel arch frame from continuous deformation, thereby ensuring the safety of construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The drawings constituting a part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. Among them:

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the telescopic component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an automatic telescopic unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0033] Figure 5 The figure is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a steel arch frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure: 100, steel arch frame; 110, sub-arch frame; 111, fixed edge; 200, telescopic component; 210, support rod; 211, sliding plug; 220, automatic telescopic unit; 221, mounting seat; 222, fixed cylinder; 223, sliding cylinder; 233, sliding channel; 224, elastic buffer; 225, stop block; 226, accommodating chamber; 236, first inner wall; 246, second inner wall; 227, guide through hole; 228, sliding block; 229, elastic telescopic component; 230, limit block; 235, guide slope; 240, fixed shell; 250, blocking block; 260, connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can be fixedly connected or detachably connected; they can be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0038] Aiming at the disaster of large deformation of soft rock, the present invention provides a pressure-yielding energy-absorbing support device suitable for tunnels with large deformation of surrounding rocks. Telescopic components are installed at intervals on the steel arch frame to automatically and continuously provide support during the deformation of the surrounding rock. It has good impact resistance and better support effect in tunnels with large deformation. It is easy to install, has a simple use procedure, and has high support stability.

[0039] like Figure 1-5 For details, see Figure 1 , Figure 5 The pressure-absorbing energy-absorbing support device suitable for tunnels with large deformation of surrounding rocks includes a steel arch frame 100. The steel arch frame 100 is enclosed in a shape that is compatible with the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel. Specifically, the steel arch frame 100 has multiple sections of overlapping sub-arch frames 110 during installation. In order to facilitate overlapping, the cross-section of each section of the sub-arch frame 110 is an open isosceles trapezoid. In this way, during the overlapping process of any two sections of the sub-arch frames 110, the overlapping parts can be nested on each other and fixed after the nesting is completed, making the overlapping operation very convenient. In addition, the overlapping parts will be squeezed against each other in the later process of supporting the deformation of the surrounding rocks, and will become more solid.

[0040] Telescopic components 200 for supporting the deformation of the steel arch frame 100 are installed at intervals on the steel arch frame 100, wherein the telescopic components 200 have a support rod 210, both ends of the support rod 210 are respectively connected to the steel arch frame 100, and at least one end of the support rod 210 is provided with an automatic telescopic unit 220. In this embodiment, both ends of the support rod 210 are installed with automatic telescopic units 220.

[0041] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the automatic telescopic unit 220 includes a mounting seat 221, a fixing cylinder 222, a sliding cylinder 223, an elastic buffer 224, a sliding plug 211, a stopper 225 and a driving structure.

[0042] The mounting seat 221 has two fixed frames arranged opposite to each other, and the two fixed frames are fixed to the steel arch frame 100. A blocking block 250 is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed cylinder 222, and the fixed cylinder 222 is fixed in the fixed shell 240 by the blocking block 250. A connecting rod 260 is fixedly connected to the fixed shell 240, and the connecting rod 260 is hinged to the mounting seat 221, that is, the fixed cylinder 222 is finally hinged to the mounting seat 221 and is used to connect the support rod 210.

[0043] The sliding cylinder 223 is fixedly installed in the fixed cylinder 222, and the sliding cylinder 223 has a sliding channel 233, and the sliding channel 233 is coaxially arranged with the fixed cylinder 222. The end of the support rod 210 extends into the sliding channel 233 and slides with the sliding channel 233. At the same time, the sliding plug 211 is fixedly sleeved on the end of the support rod 210, and the sliding plug 211 presses the sliding channel 233 and slides with the sliding channel 233.

[0044] The elastic buffer 224 is arranged in the sliding channel 233 near one end of the mounting seat 221. One end of the elastic buffer 224 is fixedly connected to the sliding channel 233, and the other end is fixedly connected to the support rod 210. In this way, when the steel arch frame 100 is deformed by force, the support rod 210 slides in the sliding channel 233 through the sliding plug 211, pulling the elastic buffer 224 of the spiral spring structure to deform, so that the deformation force of the surrounding rock is slowly released, and the elastic buffer 224 absorbs the deformation force of the surrounding rock during the deformation process, so that the device can "resist while letting go", reduce the damage rate of the support structure, and ensure the construction progress and the safety of personnel and equipment. After the deformation is stable in the later stage, the elastic buffer 224 can also slowly restore the deformation to a certain extent to ensure the stability of the support.

[0045] The above-mentioned sliding channel 233, elastic buffer 224 and sliding plug 211 constitute the buffer energy absorption component of the automatic telescopic unit 220, that is, when the steel arch frame 100 is subjected to force, the buffer energy absorption component automatically buffers the deformation force of the steel arch frame 100 and generates supporting resistance.

[0046] In addition, when the surrounding rock is deformed greatly and the support rod 210 is continuously pulled, it is not enough to buffer only by the above-mentioned buffer energy absorption component. In order to prevent the steel arch frame 100 from being continuously deformed and damaged, it is necessary to provide strong support for the steel arch frame 100. That is, it is meaningless to simply "let it go" at this time, and the telescopic component 200 needs to provide strong support. Therefore, the stop block 225 is set in the area of ​​the sliding channel 233 away from the mounting seat 221 to stop the sliding plug 211. However, if it is a hard stop, the support rod 210 suddenly stops during the sliding process in the sliding channel 233, which is bound to cause the instability of the support system. Therefore, the stop block 225 is slidably set in the sliding channel 233, so that the sliding plug 211 can be slowly stopped. Further, in order to increase the stopping effect, the stop blocks 225 are arranged at intervals along the axial and circumferential directions of the sliding channel 233. At the same time, the driving structure is used to drive the stop block 225 to slide and reset along the sliding channel 233, so that in the later stage of support, when the elastic buffer 224 recovers part of its deformation, the stop block 225 can also return to its original position to a certain extent.

[0047] The stop block 225 and the driving structure constitute the stop assembly of the automatic telescopic unit 220. The stop assembly is used to automatically generate resistance when both ends of the support rod 210 are subjected to continuous tension to prevent the steel arch frame 100 from continuously deforming, thereby ensuring construction safety.

[0048] Specifically, an accommodating chamber 226 is formed between the sliding cylinder 223 and the fixed cylinder 222. The accommodating chamber 226 has a first inner side wall 236 formed on the fixed cylinder 222 and a second inner side wall 246 formed outside the sliding cylinder 223. The first inner side wall 236 and the annular space defined by the first inner side wall 236 constitute the accommodating chamber 226. The driving structure is arranged in the accommodating chamber 226. A guide through hole 227 is provided on the side wall of the sliding cylinder 223. The length dimension of the guide through hole 227 along the axial direction of the sliding channel 233 is greater than the length dimension of the stop block 225 along the axial direction of the sliding channel 233. In this way, the stop block 225 can extend from the accommodating chamber 226 into the sliding channel 233 to form a resistance to the sliding plug 211 during the sliding process along the guide through hole 227, so as to prevent the sliding plug 211 from sliding continuously. Preferably, the width of the guide through hole 227 along the circumferential direction of the sliding channel 233 is adapted to the stop block 225 , so that the guide through hole 227 can stabilize the sliding track of the guide stop block 225 .

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, in the present embodiment, the driving structure specifically includes a sliding block 228 and an elastic telescopic member 229. A plurality of sliding blocks are axially spaced and slidingly arranged in the accommodating cavity 226. The stop block 225 is fixedly arranged on the sliding block 228. The elastic telescopic member 229 also adopts a spiral spring structure. The elastic telescopic member 229 is installed at one end of the accommodating cavity 226 away from the support seat. One end of the elastic telescopic member 229 is fixedly connected to the accommodating cavity 226, and the other end is fixedly connected to the sliding block 228. Under normal circumstances, the top end of the stop block 225 abuts against the top end of the guide through hole 227 under the action of the elastic telescopic member 229. Therefore, the elastic telescopic member 229 presses the sliding block 228.

[0050] Furthermore, in order to enhance the stopping effect of the stopper 225, the first inner side wall 236 is set to be an inclined conical surface, and the first inner side wall 236 gradually shrinks from the end close to the mounting seat 221 to the end away from the mounting seat 221 to the side close to the axial direction of the sliding cylinder 223. In this way, when the stopper 225 slides downward, due to the inclined guiding effect of the first inner side wall 236, the sliding block 228 will gradually move closer to the direction close to the second inner side wall 246. At this time, the stopper 225 further extends into the sliding channel 233, thereby further enhancing the stopping effect.

[0051] In the above solution, the side of the sliding block 228 facing the first inner side wall 236 can be a vertically extending working surface parallel to the second inner side wall 246. However, if the sliding block 228 is arranged in this way, the stop block 225 cannot be uniformly extended into the sliding channel 233. Therefore, in order to further improve the stopping effect of the stop block 225, the side of the sliding block 228 facing the first inner side wall 236 has an inclined conical surface with the same inclination angle as the first inner side wall 236. Under normal circumstances, there is a gap between the sliding block 228 and the second inner side wall 246, and the gap will gradually decrease as the sliding block 228 gradually slides downward.

[0052] Furthermore, a side of the stop block 225 facing away from the sliding plug 211 has a guiding inclined surface 235 to facilitate the resetting of the sliding plug 211. In this embodiment, the cross section of the stop block 225 is a sawtooth shape.

[0053] Furthermore, a limiting block 230 is fixedly installed at one end of the sliding channel 233 away from the mounting seat 221, so as to prevent the end of the supporting rod 210 from being separated from the sliding channel 233 under extreme circumstances.

[0054] In addition, the steel arch frame 100 is provided with fixing edges 111 on both sides of the open position, so as to facilitate fixing the overlapping position. In the present invention, the two fixing frames of the mounting seat 221 are clamped on the fixing edges 111.

[0055] In summary, the present invention installs a telescopic component 200 on the steel arch frame 100, and installs automatic telescopic units 220 at both ends of the support rod 210 of the telescopic component 200. In this way, when the steel arch frame 100 is deformed by force, specifically when the steel arch frame 100 is forced to squeeze the support rod 210, the two ends of the support rod 210 support the support rod 210 through the sliding sliding plug 211 and the extrusion elastic buffer 224, thereby supporting the deformation of the deformed steel arch frame 100. When the steel arch frame 100 is subjected to force to stretch the support rod 210, the two ends of the support rod 210 support the support rod 210 through the sliding sliding plug 211 and the stretching elastic buffer 224, that is, the automatic telescopic unit 220 can compensate for the deformation of the steel arch frame 100 while generating support resistance through its own telescopic movement, and does not require additional hydraulic driving energy. Compared with the prior art, it is more convenient to use and does not require real-time monitoring and maintenance of hydraulic driving components. Compared with the telescopic structure of the hydraulic system, it is more practical; in addition, the automatic telescopic unit 220 has a buffer energy absorption component and a stop component. When the steel arch frame 100 is subjected to force, the buffer energy absorption component automatically buffers the deformation force of the steel arch frame 100 and generates support resistance, that is, the automatic telescopic unit 220 can absorb the energy of the surrounding rock deformation during its own automatic telescopic process, so that the device of the present invention has a "resistance and yielding" support effect; the stop component is used to automatically generate resistance when the two ends of the support rod 210 are subjected to continuous tension to prevent the steel arch frame 100 from continuous deformation, thereby ensuring the safety of construction.

[0056] It should be understood that the above description is merely exemplary and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0057] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressure-absorbing energy-absorbing support device suitable for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation, comprising a steel arch frame (100), wherein telescopic components (200) for supporting deformation of the steel arch frame (100) are arranged at intervals on the steel arch frame (100), characterized in that: The telescopic component (200) comprises a support rod (210), both ends of the support rod (210) are respectively connected to the steel arch frame (100), at least one end of the support rod (210) is provided with an automatic telescopic unit (220), and the automatic telescopic unit (220) comprises a buffering energy absorbing component and a stopper component. When the steel arch frame (100) is subjected to force, the buffering energy absorbing component automatically buffers the deformation force of the steel arch frame (100) and generates a supporting resistance force; the stopper component is used to automatically generate resistance to prevent the steel arch frame (100) from continuously deforming when both ends of the support rod (210) are subjected to continuous tension, thereby ensuring construction safety.

2. The pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The automatic telescopic unit (220) comprises: A mounting seat (221), wherein the mounting seat (221) is used for being fixedly connected to the steel arch frame (100); A fixing tube (222), wherein the fixing tube (222) is arranged on the mounting seat (221) and is used for connecting the supporting rod (210); A sliding cylinder (223), wherein the sliding cylinder (223) is arranged in the fixed cylinder (222), the sliding cylinder (223) has a sliding channel (233), the sliding channel (233) is coaxially arranged with the fixed cylinder (222), and the end of the support rod (210) extends into the sliding channel (233) and slides with the sliding channel (233); An elastic buffer (224), wherein the elastic buffer (224) is arranged in the sliding channel (233) at one end close to the mounting seat (221), one end of the elastic buffer (224) is fixedly connected to the sliding channel (233), and the other end is fixedly connected to the support rod (210); A sliding plug (211), wherein the sliding plug (211) is fixedly sleeved on the end of the support rod (210), and the sliding plug (211) presses the sliding channel (233) and slides with the sliding channel (233); The sliding channel (233), the elastic buffer (224) and the sliding plug (211) constitute the buffer energy absorption component.

3. The pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The automatic telescopic unit (220) further comprises: A stop block (225), wherein the stop block (225) is slidably disposed in an area of ​​the sliding channel (233) away from the mounting seat (221), and the stop blocks (225) are arranged at intervals in the axial direction and the circumferential direction along the sliding channel (233); A driving structure, the driving structure is used to drive the stop block (225) to slide and reset along the sliding channel (233); The stop block (225) and the driving structure constitute the stop assembly.

4. The pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: An accommodating chamber (226) is provided between the sliding cylinder (223) and the fixed cylinder (222), the driving structure is arranged in the accommodating chamber (226), a guide through hole (227) is provided on the side wall of the sliding cylinder (223), the length dimension of the guide through hole (227) along the axial direction of the sliding channel (233) is greater than the length dimension of the stop block (225) along the axial direction of the sliding channel (233), and the stop block (225) extends from the accommodating chamber (226) into the sliding channel (233) to prevent the sliding plug (211) from sliding continuously.

5. The pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The driving structure comprises a sliding block (228) and an elastic telescopic member (229); the sliding block (228) is slidably arranged in the accommodating cavity (226); the stop block (225) is fixedly arranged on the sliding block (228); the elastic telescopic member (229) is arranged at one end of the accommodating cavity (226) away from the supporting seat; one end of the elastic telescopic member (229) is fixedly connected to the accommodating cavity (226), and the other end is used to press the sliding block (228).

6. The pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The accommodating cavity (226) comprises a first inner wall (236) arranged on the fixed cylinder (222) and a second inner wall (246) arranged on the outside of the sliding cylinder (223); the first inner wall (236) is an inclined conical surface, and the first inner wall (236) gradually shrinks from an end close to the mounting seat (221) to an end away from the mounting seat (221) toward a side close to the axial direction of the sliding cylinder (223).

7. The pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The side of the sliding block (228) facing the first inner side wall (236) has an inclined conical surface with the same inclination angle as the first inner side wall (236).

8. The pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The side of the stop block (225) facing away from the sliding plug (211) has a guide slope (235).

9. The pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: A limit block (230) is fixedly provided at one end of the sliding channel (233) away from the mounting seat (221) to prevent the end of the support rod (210) from escaping from the sliding channel (233).

10. The pressure-releasing energy-absorbing support device for tunnels with large surrounding rock deformation according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: The steel arch frame (100) comprises a plurality of mutually overlapping sub-arch frames (110), the cross section of each sub-arch frame (110) being an open isosceles trapezoid, the steel arch frame (100) being provided with fixed edges (111) on both sides of the open position, the mounting seat (221) having two fixed frames arranged opposite to each other, the two fixed frames being clamped on the fixed edges (111).

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