Forest penetrating rain interception and evaporation observation device convenient to adjust

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rainwater interception and evaporation observation equipment, and particularly relates to a forest penetrating rain interception and evaporation observation device convenient to adjust, which comprises a barrel, a weighing sensor fixed in the middle of the barrel, an experiment cabin arranged above a supporting disc, and an adjusting device arranged at the other end of the bottom of the experiment cabin. The angle of the experiment module is adjusted through the adjusting device to adapt to the slopes of different deep forest mountainous regions, meanwhile, the weighing sensor is arranged to measure the weight change of the experiment module, the rainwater interception capacity of forest litters is judged, and after rainfall is finished, the evaporation condition of the litters is obtained through data transmission and recording of the gravity sensor; by means of the protection device, leaves littered on the protection net can be cleaned in time in windy and rainy days, it is guaranteed that rainwater can fully fall into the experiment module, the initial weight of litters is not changed, the rainwater interception capacity of the litters can be measured more accurately, and the evaporation condition of the litters can be observed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of rainwater interception and evaporation observation equipment, and in particular to a forest penetrating rain interception and evaporation observation device which is easy to adjust. Background Art

[0002] The forest litter layer is an important carrier of the eco-hydrological cycle, and plays an important ecological function in intercepting rainfall, preventing soil erosion, and improving soil structure. Throughfall refers to the rainfall outside the forest after deducting the canopy interception and trunk runoff. It is an important component of forest precipitation redistribution. Accurately measuring the interception and evaporation of throughfall by the forest litter layer is of great significance to the study of water balance of forest ecosystems.

[0003] At present, the interception and evaporation capacity of the fallen matter layer is mostly obtained through laboratory simulation, which cannot accurately simulate the real field conditions. In field experiments, wind and rain often occur, which accelerates the shedding of litter, and the increasing amount of litter usually interferes with the experiment, resulting in large errors in the experimental data sampling. For this reason, we propose a forest penetrating rain interception and evaporation observation device that is easy to adjust. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide an easily adjustable forest penetrating rain interception and evaporation observation device to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an easily adjustable forest penetration rain interception and evaporation observation device, comprising a cylinder, a plurality of water outlet holes are provided at the bottom of the cylinder, a weighing sensor is fixed in the middle of the cylinder, a support plate is installed at the end of the weighing sensor away from the cylinder, an experimental cabin is arranged above the support plate, one end of the bottom of the experimental cabin is rotatably connected to a support plate fixedly connected to the support plate, an adjustment device is arranged at the other end of the bottom of the experimental cabin, a support ring is fixed at the top of the cylinder, and a device is arranged above the support ring to prevent fallen objects from falling into the cylinder. The protective device of the experimental cabin, a plurality of driving devices for driving the protective device are installed in an array on the support ring, the protective device includes a protective net and a pressure ring, the protective net is conical, a connecting ring is fixed to the bottom of the protective net, the connecting ring is connected to a driven gear ring by bolts, the upper and lower surfaces of the driven gear ring are correspondingly provided with an upper slide and a lower slide, a plurality of first support columns are slidably connected in the upper slide, the ends of the plurality of first support columns away from the upper slide are fixedly connected to the pressure ring, and a plurality of second support columns fixedly connected to the support ring are slidably connected in the lower slide.

[0006] Preferably, the adjustment device comprises a connection frame rotatably connected to the experimental cabin, the connection frame is rotatably connected to an adjustment rod, and one end of the adjustment rod away from the connection frame is threadedly connected to the support plate.

[0007] Preferably, the driving device includes a vertical plate fixedly connected to the support ring, a connecting plate is fixed on the vertical plate, one end of the connecting plate away from the vertical plate is fixedly connected to the pressure ring, a rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the connecting plate, a wind cup is fixed on the rotating shaft, two cross plates are fixed on the side of the vertical plate close to the driven gear ring, an active gear ring meshing with the driven gear ring for transmission is provided between the two cross plates, tracks are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the active gear ring, a plurality of third support columns are provided on the two cross plates, the plurality of third support columns are slidably connected to the active gear ring through the tracks on the corresponding sides, and a transmission assembly is provided between the rotating shaft and the active gear ring.

[0008] Preferably, the transmission assembly includes a ratchet fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, the ratchet is located in the active gear ring, a plurality of cavities are provided in the active gear ring, a clamping block is rotatably connected in each of the plurality of cavities, one end of the clamping block away from the inner gear ring is in contact with the tooth surface of the ratchet, a spring is fixed on the clamping block, and one end of the spring away from the clamping block is fixed to the inner wall of the corresponding cavity.

[0009] Preferably, a scraper is fixed on one side of the connecting plate close to the protective net, and the scraper is in contact with the busbar of the conical surface of the protective net. The protective net is provided with a plurality of annular grooves along the busbar direction of its conical surface, and the plurality of annular grooves are distributed radially in an annular shape from top to bottom. The scraper is provided with a plurality of sliding rods adapted to the corresponding annular grooves.

[0010] Preferably, the connecting ring is sleeved inside the pressing ring, and the surface of the connecting ring is flush with the surface of the pressing ring.

[0011] Preferably, scale lines are provided in the experimental chamber.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0013] 1. The present invention adjusts the angle of the experimental cabin through an adjustment device to adapt to different slopes of deep forest mountains. At the same time, a weighing sensor is set to measure the weight change of the experimental cabin to judge the rainwater interception capacity of forest litter. When the rainfall is over, the evaporation of the litter is obtained through the data transmission and recording of the gravity sensor. In addition, the protective device can be used to clean up the leaves that have fallen on the protective net in time when it is windy and rainy, ensuring that rainwater can fully fall into the experimental cabin without changing the initial weight of the litter. The rainwater interception capacity of the litter can be measured more accurately and its evaporation condition can be observed.

[0014] 2. The present invention drives the rotating shaft to rotate by the wind blowing the wind cup, and then drives the ratchet to rotate, drives the active gear ring to rotate through the clamping block, and then drives the driven gear ring to rotate, so that the connecting ring drives the protective net to rotate, wherein multiple driving devices move under the drive of wind force. Since the size of the wind force will be different, the rotation amplitude of the driven gear ring is determined by the maximum wind speed received by the wind cup at the corresponding moment. The various driving devices do not interfere with each other and can better adapt to the natural environment in the wild.

[0015] 3. The present invention can push up the leaves by sliding the sliding rod in the annular groove, and separate the leaves from the protective net under the action of the scraper to prevent the leaves from being adsorbed on the protective net under the action of rain. It also helps the wind to blow the leaves on the other side when passing through the protective net, blowing the leaves off, thereby better preventing the accumulation of fallen leaves on the protective net. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the relative position structure of the protective device and the driving device of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the installation environment of the drive device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion structure of the driving device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the transmission assembly of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of area A.

[0023] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of area B.

[0024] Fig. 9 For the present invention Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle C area.

[0025] Legend:

[0026] In the figure: 1. Cylinder; 2. Water outlet; 3. Weighing sensor; 4. Support plate; 5. Experimental cabin; 6. Support plate; 7. Support ring; 8. Protective net; 9. Pressure ring; 10. Connecting ring; 11. Driven gear ring; 12. Upper slide; 13. Lower slide; 14. First support column; 15. Second support column; 16. Connecting frame; 17. Adjusting rod; 18. Vertical plate; 19. Connecting plate; 20. Rotating shaft; 21. Wind cup; 22. Horizontal plate; 23. Active gear ring; 24. Third support column; 25. Ratchet; 26. Cavity; 27. Block; 28. Spring; 29. ​​Scraper; 30. Annular groove; 31. Slide rod; 32. Scale line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] See also Figure 1-Figure 9The present invention provides a technical solution: an adjustable forest penetration rain interception and evaporation observation device, comprising a cylinder 1, a plurality of water outlet holes 2 are opened at the bottom of the cylinder 1, a weighing sensor 3 is fixed in the middle of the cylinder 1, a support plate 4 is installed at the end of the weighing sensor 3 away from the cylinder 1, an experimental cabin 5 is arranged above the support plate 4, litter corresponding to different forests can be placed in the experimental cabin 5, one end of the bottom of the experimental cabin 5 is rotatably connected with a support plate 6 fixedly connected to the support plate 4, and an adjustment device is arranged at the other end of the bottom of the experimental cabin 5 for adjusting the angle of the experimental cabin 5, which can better simulate the requirements of different slopes of mountain forests in real field environments, a support ring 7 is fixed at the top of the cylinder 1, a protective device for preventing litter from falling into the experimental cabin 5 is arranged above the support ring 7, a plurality of driving devices for driving the protective device are arranged in an array on the support ring 7, the protective device comprises a protective net 8 and a pressure ring 9, the protective net 8 is conical, a connecting ring 10 is fixed at the bottom of the protective net 8, and the connecting ring 1 0 is connected with a driven gear ring 11 by bolts, and an upper slide 12 and a lower slide 13 are correspondingly arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the driven gear ring 11. A plurality of first support columns 14 are slidably connected in the upper slide 12, and one end of the plurality of first support columns 14 away from the upper slide 12 is fixedly connected to the pressure ring 9, and a plurality of second support columns 15 fixedly connected to the support ring 7 are slidably connected in the lower slide 13. The angle of the experimental cabin 5 is adjusted by the adjustment device to adapt to different slopes of deep forest mountains. At the same time, the weight change of the experimental cabin 5 is measured by setting a weighing sensor 3 to judge the rainwater interception capacity of forest litter. When the rainfall is over, the evaporation of the litter is obtained through the data transmission and recording of the weighing sensor 3. In addition, the protective device can be used to timely clean the leaves fallen on the protective net 8 when it is windy and rainy, to ensure that the rainwater can fully fall into the experimental cabin 5 without changing the initial weight of the litter, so as to more accurately measure the rainwater interception capacity of the litter and observe its evaporation condition.

[0029] For details, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 8 The adjusting device includes a connecting frame 16 rotatably connected to the experimental cabin 5, and the connecting frame 16 is rotatably connected to an adjusting rod 17. The end of the adjusting rod 17 away from the connecting frame 16 is threadedly connected to the supporting plate 4. By rotating the adjusting rod 17, the angle of the experimental cabin 5 can be adjusted to better adapt to the inclination angle of the mountains or slopes where different forests are located, more realistically simulate the field scene, and the experimental data is more accurate.

[0030] For details, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6The driving device includes a vertical plate 18 fixedly connected to the support ring 7, a connecting plate 19 is fixed on the vertical plate 18, and one end of the connecting plate 19 away from the vertical plate 18 is fixedly connected to the pressure ring 9, a rotating shaft 20 is rotatably connected to the connecting plate 19, a wind cup 21 is fixed on the rotating shaft 20, and the wind cup 21 is arranged in an array of three groups, two horizontal plates 22 are fixed on one side of the vertical plate 18 close to the driven gear ring 11, and an active gear ring 23 meshing with the driven gear ring 11 is arranged between the two horizontal plates 22, and tracks are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the active gear ring 23, and a plurality of third support columns 24 are arranged on the two horizontal plates 22, and the plurality of third support columns 24 are slidably connected to the active gear ring 23 through the tracks on the corresponding sides, and a transmission assembly is arranged between the rotating shaft 20 and the active gear ring 23.

[0031] For details, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The transmission assembly includes a ratchet 25 fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 20, the ratchet 25 is located in the active gear ring 23, and a plurality of cavities 26 are provided in the active gear ring 23. A clamping block 27 is rotatably connected in each of the plurality of cavities 26. One end of the clamping block 27 away from the inner gear ring is in contact with the tooth surface of the ratchet 25. A spring 28 is fixed on the clamping block 27, and one end of the spring 28 away from the clamping block 27 is fixed to the inner wall of the corresponding cavity 26.

[0032] In this solution, the working principle of the driving device is that when it is windy and rainy, the wind blows the wind cup 21 to drive the rotating shaft 20 to rotate, and then drives the ratchet 25 to rotate, and drives the active gear ring 23 to rotate through the block 27, and then drives the driven gear ring 11 to rotate, so that the connecting ring 10 drives the protective net 8 to rotate, wherein multiple driving devices move under the drive of wind force. Since the size of the wind force will be different, the rotation amplitude of the driven gear ring 11 is determined by the maximum wind speed received by the wind cup 21 at the corresponding moment. The various driving devices do not interfere with each other and can better adapt to the natural environment in the wild.

[0033] For details, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 A scraper 29 is fixed on one side of the connecting plate 19 close to the protective net 8. The scraper 29 is in contact with the generatrix of the conical surface of the protective net 8. The protective net 8 is provided with a plurality of annular grooves 30 along the generatrix direction of its conical surface. The plurality of annular grooves 30 are distributed in an annular radial shape from top to bottom. The scraper 29 is provided with a plurality of sliding rods 31 adapted to the corresponding annular grooves 30. The sliding rods 31 slide in the annular grooves 30 to push up the leaves. Under the action of the scraper 29, the leaves are separated from the protective net 8 to prevent them from being adsorbed on the protective net 8 under the action of rain. In addition, it helps the wind to blow the leaves on the other side when passing through the protective net 8, so as to blow the leaves off, thereby better preventing the accumulation of fallen leaves on the protective net 8.

[0034] In addition, the greater the wind force, the greater the probability of leaves being blown off, and the greater the rotation speed of the wind cup 21. At this time, the faster the rotation speed of the protective net 8 is, the more likely it is to clean up fallen leaves and other debris, and the better the effect.

[0035] For details, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The connecting ring 10 is sleeved in the pressing ring 9, and the surface of the connecting ring 10 is flush with the surface of the pressing ring 9, so that leaves caused by rain and wind fall on the protective net 8 and then fall outside the cylinder 1.

[0036] For details, please refer to Figure 2 The inner wall of the experimental cabin 5 is provided with scale lines 32, and the bottom of the experimental cabin 5 is provided with multiple through holes to facilitate the outflow of rainwater falling into the experimental cabin 5, which can better statistically study the conditions of rainwater interception and evaporation of falling objects at different heights, and has a wider range of applications.

[0037] It should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0038] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An easily adjustable forest penetration rain interception and evaporation observation device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cylinder (1), wherein a plurality of water outlet holes (2) are provided at the bottom of the cylinder (1), a weighing sensor (3) is fixed in the middle of the cylinder (1), a support plate (4) is installed at one end of the weighing sensor (3) away from the cylinder (1), an experimental chamber (5) is arranged above the support plate (4), one end of the bottom of the experimental chamber (5) is rotatably connected to a support plate (6) fixedly connected to the support plate (4), an adjustment device is arranged at the other end of the bottom of the experimental chamber (5), a support ring (7) is fixed at the top of the cylinder (1), a protective device for preventing fallen objects from falling into the experimental chamber (5) is arranged above the support ring (7), and a plurality of drive devices for driving the protective device are arranged in an array on the support ring (7); The protective device comprises a protective net (8) and a pressure ring (9); the protective net (8) is conical; a connecting ring (10) is fixed to the bottom of the protective net (8); the connecting ring (10) is connected to a driven gear ring (11) by bolts; an upper slideway (12) and a lower slideway (13) are provided on the upper and lower surfaces of the driven gear ring (11) respectively; a plurality of first support columns (14) are slidably connected in the upper slideway (12); the ends of the plurality of first support columns (14) away from the upper slideway (12) are fixedly connected to the pressure ring (9); a plurality of second support columns (15) fixedly connected to the support ring (7) are slidably connected in the lower slideway (13).

2. The easily adjustable forest penetration rain interception and evaporation observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment device comprises a connection frame (16) rotatably connected to the experimental cabin (5), the connection frame (16) being rotatably connected to an adjustment rod (17), and one end of the adjustment rod (17) away from the connection frame (16) being threadedly connected to the support plate (4).

3. The easily adjustable forest penetration rain interception and evaporation observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving device comprises a vertical plate (18) fixedly connected to the support ring (7), a connecting plate (19) being fixedly connected to the vertical plate (18), an end of the connecting plate (19) away from the vertical plate (18) being fixedly connected to the pressure ring (9), a rotating shaft (20) being rotatably connected to the connecting plate (19), a wind cup (21) being fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (20), two horizontal plates (22) being fixedly connected to a side of the vertical plate (18) close to the driven gear ring (11), a driving gear ring (23) meshing with the driven gear ring (11) being provided between the two horizontal plates (22), the driving gear ring (23) being provided with tracks on the upper and lower surfaces, a plurality of third support columns (24) being provided on the two horizontal plates (22), the plurality of third support columns (24) being slidably connected to the driving gear ring (23) via tracks on corresponding sides, and a transmission assembly being provided between the rotating shaft (20) and the driving gear ring (23).

4. The easily adjustable forest penetration rain interception and evaporation observation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transmission assembly comprises a ratchet (25) fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (20), the ratchet (25) being located in an active gear ring (23), a plurality of cavities (26) being provided in the active gear ring (23), a clamping block (27) being rotatably connected in each of the plurality of cavities (26), an end of the clamping block (27) away from the inner gear ring being in contact with a tooth surface of the ratchet (25), a spring (28) being fixed to the clamping block (27), and an end of the spring (28) away from the clamping block (27) being fixed to an inner wall of a corresponding cavity (26).

5. The easily adjustable forest penetration rain interception and evaporation observation device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A scraper (29) is fixed to one side of the connection plate (19) close to the protective net (8), the scraper (29) is in contact with the generatrix of the conical surface of the protective net (8), the protective net (8) is provided with a plurality of annular grooves (30) along the generatrix direction of the conical surface, the plurality of annular grooves (30) are distributed in an annular radial shape from top to bottom, and the scraper (29) is provided with a plurality of sliding rods (31) adapted to the corresponding annular grooves (30).

6. The easily adjustable forest penetration rain interception and evaporation observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting ring (10) is sleeved inside the pressing ring (9), and the surface of the connecting ring (10) is flush with the surface of the pressing ring (9).

7. The easily adjustable forest penetration rain interception and evaporation observation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental chamber (5) is provided with scale lines (32).

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