Offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system and working method thereof

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system and a working method thereof.The offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system comprises a high-pressure compression subsystem and an expansion subsystem which are connected with a pressure container and a control unit, and the high-pressure compression subsystem, the pressure container and the expansion subsystem are arranged on an offshore booster station and / or an offshore wind turbine; the high-pressure compression subsystem is used for compressing air and storing the compressed air in a pressure container; the expansion subsystem is used for converting energy into electric energy and transmitting the electric energy to an onshore power grid; and the control unit is used for determining that the high-pressure compression subsystem is used for storing the electric energy or the expansion subsystem is used for releasing the electric energy according to the real-time electric power and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine. According to the system, offshore wind power is stored in the electricity consumption valley period and released and used in the electricity consumption peak period, and the output electric power quality can be improved; the energy density of compressed air is improved in a high-pressure compressed gas form; and the requirement for storage space is reduced, geographic factors and space limitation are avoided, and the engineering cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of this specification relate to the field of wind power generation and energy storage technology, and in particular to an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system and a working method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Renewable energy such as offshore wind power has the characteristics of randomness, variability, intermittency, volatility, etc., and there are differences in time periods and seasons that are not synchronized with load demand, which makes it impossible for the power grid to fully absorb offshore wind power, resulting in a large amount of wind and power abandonment. On the other hand, the stable operation of the power system requires that renewable energy be dispatchable, and the supply and demand of electricity must always be kept consistent to achieve real-time balance. In order to resolve the contradiction between the defects of offshore wind power itself and the safety requirements of the power system, it is necessary to match a certain capacity of energy storage system to absorb and release large-scale wind power in a timely manner, and convert it into a continuously controllable energy form to maintain the dynamic balance of power generation and power consumption in the power system, and improve the quality of power, the stability and safety of the power grid.

[0003] At present, offshore wind power energy storage technology mainly uses large-volume gas storage devices, such as airbags, but they need to be installed on the seabed, which increases construction costs; in addition, seabed facility monitoring equipment is also required, which has high maintenance costs.

[0004] Therefore, this specification aims to provide an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system and a working method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the purpose of the embodiments of this specification is to provide an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system and a working method thereof, so as to solve the problems of short service life and high maintenance cost of offshore wind power energy storage systems using batteries in the prior art.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the specific technical solutions of the embodiments of this specification are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of this specification provides an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system, including an offshore wind turbine, an offshore booster station, a high-pressure compression subsystem, a pressure vessel, an expansion subsystem and a control unit;

[0008] The high-pressure compression subsystem and the expansion subsystem are connected to the pressure vessel respectively. The high-pressure compression subsystem, the pressure vessel and the expansion subsystem are arranged on the offshore booster station and / or the offshore wind turbine. The high-pressure compression subsystem is used to convert the electrical energy from the offshore wind turbine into mechanical energy to compress the air and store the compressed air in the pressure vessel. The expansion subsystem is used to convert the energy of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel into electrical energy and transmit it to the onshore power grid.

[0009] The control unit is connected to the high-pressure compression subsystem and the expansion subsystem, and is used to determine whether to store electric energy using the high-pressure compression subsystem or to release electric energy using the expansion subsystem based on the received real-time electric power consumption and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of the pressure vessels are connected in parallel.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment, a plurality of pressure vessels are arranged on the offshore booster station and / or the offshore wind turbine foundation via a fixing device;

[0012] The fixing device comprises a supporting structure, and the supporting structure comprises at least two groups, and the two groups of supporting structures are respectively connected to two ends of the pressure container.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the offshore booster station comprises a booster station deck and a steel conductor frame; the bottom of the steel conductor frame is fixed to the seabed, and the booster station deck is fixed to the top of the steel conductor frame;

[0014] The high-pressure compression subsystem, pressure vessel and expansion subsystem are arranged on the booster station deck.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the offshore wind turbine includes a nacelle, a hub, blades and a tower that are connected to each other, an energy storage deck is provided on the outside of the tower transition section, and the high-pressure compression subsystem, pressure vessel and expansion subsystem are arranged on the energy storage deck.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the high-pressure compression subsystem comprises a motor and a compressor connected to each other, wherein the motor is used to convert the electrical energy output by the offshore wind turbine into mechanical energy to drive the compressor to work;

[0017] The expansion subsystem includes an expander and a generator. The expander is used to convert the energy of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel into mechanical energy to drive the generator to work. The generator is used to generate electricity using the mechanical energy output by the expander and transmit it to an onshore power grid.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises an energy management system and an inverter connected thereto;

[0019] The energy management system and the control unit are connected to the offshore wind turbine;

[0020] The energy management system is used to monitor the real-time power consumption and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine and feed back to the control unit;

[0021] The converter is used to monitor the real-time output voltage and real-time output current of the offshore wind turbine and feed back the real-time output voltage and real-time output current to the control unit.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises an energy storage control system, which is connected to the pressure vessel and the control unit;

[0023] The pressure vessel is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel and feed back the pressure to the energy storage control system.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the pressure vessel is a steel tubular structure, and the inner wall of the pressure vessel is provided with a heat insulating medium layer.

[0025] In a second aspect, this document also provides a working method of an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the working method is applied to an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided by the above technical solution, and the working method includes:

[0026] Receive real-time power consumption and real-time output power of offshore wind turbines;

[0027] Determining whether the real-time output power is greater than the real-time power consumption;

[0028] If yes, the high-pressure compression subsystem is controlled to operate, the part of the real-time output power that is greater than the real-time power consumption is used to compress the air and the compressed air is stored in the pressure vessel;

[0029] If not, receiving the real-time output voltage and real-time output current of the offshore wind turbine;

[0030] Determining whether the real-time output voltage is less than a preset voltage threshold, and whether the real-time output current is less than a preset current threshold;

[0031] If so, the expansion subsystem is controlled to operate, and the air in the pressure vessel is expanded to do work and release electrical energy.

[0032] By adopting the above technical scheme, an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system and a working method thereof are provided in the embodiment of this specification. When the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine is greater than the real-time power consumption, the control unit uses the high-pressure compression subsystem to store the electric energy of the part of the real-time output power exceeding the real-time power consumption in the pressure vessel through the high-pressure compression subsystem; when the real-time output power is less than or equal to the real-time power consumption, the control unit uses the expansion subsystem to release it again; it has the characteristics of large capacity, long life, and low cost, and improves the energy density of compressed air through the form of high-pressure compressed gas; it can effectively smooth the random fluctuations of the input power of the offshore wind turbine, improve the randomness, variability, intermittency, uncertainty and other characteristics of offshore wind power generation, and improve the output power quality; reduce the storage space requirements, solve the problem of traditional compressed air energy storage being limited by geographical factors and space, thereby reducing engineering costs, and has broad application prospects in the fields of offshore wind power development and offshore hydrogen storage, and solves the problem of large-scale power storage of offshore wind power.

[0033] In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the embodiments of this specification more obvious and easy to understand, the following specifically cites preferred embodiments and describes them in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this specification or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this specification. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0036] Figure 2 A connection diagram of an offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0037] Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the installation of the pressure vessel in the embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0038] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of another offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0040] Figure 6A schematic diagram of the structure in which a pressure vessel is arranged on an offshore wind turbine in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0041] Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of another offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0042] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the steps of a working method of an offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0043] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a working device of an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown;

[0044] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of a computer device provided in an embodiment of this specification is shown.

[0045] Description of the accompanying symbols:

[0046] 1. Offshore wind turbines;

[0047] 2. Offshore booster station;

[0048] 3. Power collection system;

[0049] 4. High-pressure transmission system;

[0050] 5. High-pressure compression subsystem;

[0051] 6. Pressure vessels;

[0052] 7. Expansion subsystem;

[0053] 8. Electric motor;

[0054] 9. Generator;

[0055] 10. Energy management system;

[0056] 11. Control unit;

[0057] 12. Inverter

[0058] 13. Onshore power grid;

[0059] 14. Shock-absorbing device;

[0060] 15. Tower transition section;

[0061] 16. Energy storage deck;

[0062] 17. Booster station deck;

[0063] 18. Pad;

[0064] 19. Support structure;

[0065] 20. Pin;

[0066] 21. Valve;

[0067] 22. Connection structure;

[0068] 23. Insulating medium layer;

[0069] 24. Energy storage control system;

[0070] 91. A first receiving module;

[0071] 92. A first judgment module;

[0072] 93. A first control module;

[0073] 94. A second receiving module;

[0074] 95. Second judgment module;

[0075] 96. A second control module;

[0076] 1002. Computer equipment;

[0077] 1004. Processor;

[0078] 1006. Memory;

[0079] 1008. Driving mechanism;

[0080] 1010, input / output module;

[0081] 1012. Input device;

[0082] 1014. Output device;

[0083] 1016. Presentation equipment;

[0084] 1018. Graphical user interface;

[0085] 1020. Network interface;

[0086] 1022. Communication link;

[0087] 1024. Communication bus. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0088] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this specification to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this specification, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this specification.

[0089] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in this specification and claims and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of this specification described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, device, product or equipment that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or equipment.

[0090] In order to solve the problems of short service life and high maintenance cost of offshore wind power energy storage systems using batteries in the prior art, this specification provides an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system and a working method thereof.

[0091] Example 1

[0092] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of an offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this specification. Figure 2 This is a connection diagram of an offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system includes: an offshore wind turbine 1, an offshore booster station 2, a high-pressure compression subsystem 5, a pressure vessel 6, an expansion subsystem 7 and a control unit 11;

[0093] The high-pressure compression subsystem 5 and the expansion subsystem 7 are respectively connected to the pressure vessel 6, and the high-pressure compression subsystem 5, the pressure vessel 6 and the expansion subsystem 7 are arranged on the offshore booster station 2;

[0094] The high-pressure compression subsystem 5 is used to convert the electrical energy from the offshore wind turbine 1 into mechanical energy to compress the air and store the compressed air in the pressure vessel 6, and the expansion subsystem 7 is used to convert the energy of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel 6 into electrical energy and transmit it to the onshore power grid 13;

[0095] The control unit 11 is connected to the high-pressure compression subsystem 5 and the expansion subsystem 7, and is used to determine whether to store electric energy using the high-pressure compression subsystem 5 or to release electric energy using the expansion subsystem 7 according to the received real-time electric power consumption and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine 1.

[0096] In the embodiment of the present specification, the offshore wind turbine 1 is provided in plurality. Driven by the sea breeze, the blades of the offshore wind turbine 1 rotate to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, and the voltage is raised by a machine-end transformer arranged inside the nacelle or the base.

[0097] The offshore wind turbine 1 is connected to the offshore booster station 2 via a power collection system 3, and the offshore booster station 2 is connected to the onshore power grid 13 via a high-voltage transmission system 4. The power collection system 3 includes submarine cables and switchgear, which are used to transmit electrical energy from the offshore wind turbine 1 to the offshore booster station 2.

[0098] The existing offshore compressed air energy storage system uses a large-volume gas storage device arranged on the seabed, which occupies a large amount of seabed space. On the one hand, it requires a construction ship to be installed separately at sea, which increases the construction cost; on the other hand, it requires the configuration of seabed monitoring equipment, which has high maintenance costs. The offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in the embodiment of this specification adopts a centralized arrangement method to arrange the high-pressure compression subsystem 5, the pressure vessel 6 and the expansion subsystem 7 on the offshore booster station 2, so that the offshore booster station 2 also serves as an energy storage platform, thereby greatly reducing the construction and construction costs of the offshore energy storage system, and has good economy.

[0099] The offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in the embodiment of this specification has a control unit that uses a high-pressure compression subsystem to store the electric energy that exceeds the real-time electric power in a pressure vessel when the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine is greater than the real-time electric power consumption. When the real-time output power is less than or equal to the real-time electric power consumption, the control unit uses an expansion subsystem to release it again. This effectively smoothes the random fluctuations of the offshore wind turbine input power, improves the randomness, variability, intermittency, uncertainty and other characteristics of offshore wind power generation, and improves the output power quality.

[0100] The offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system provided by the embodiments of this specification can overcome the problem of asynchrony between offshore wind power and electricity demand. Electric energy is stored during the low electricity consumption period at night when the wind is strong and the power generation is high, and released during the peak electricity consumption period during the day when the wind is weak and the power generation is low. This can effectively achieve peak shaving and valley filling, help reduce the impact on the power system, and improve the operational stability and safety of the power system.

[0101] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, in the embodiment of this specification, a plurality of pressure vessels 6 are provided, and the plurality of pressure vessels 6 are connected in parallel and arranged in an array, so as to facilitate management and reduce the space occupied by the arrangement.

[0102] Furthermore, a plurality of pressure vessels 6 are arranged on the offshore booster station 2 through a fixing device;

[0103] The fixing device includes a supporting structure 19 , and the supporting structure 19 includes at least two groups. The two groups of supporting structures 19 are respectively connected to two ends of the pressure container 6 .

[0104] It should be noted that, when the pressure vessel 6 is relatively long, in order to ensure the stability of the installation of the pressure vessel 6, one or more sets of support structures 19 may be provided in the middle of the pressure vessel 6. That is, the number of support structures 19 is adapted to the size of the pressure vessel 6.

[0105] Furthermore, the pressure vessel 6 is mounted and connected to the pin 20 of the support structure 19 through a connection structure 22, such as a flange and a nut, and a valve 21 is provided at one end of the pressure vessel 6, and the valve 21 is used to control the inlet and outlet of the gas. The setting directions of the multiple pressure vessels 6 are unified, that is, the ends provided with the valve 21 face the same direction for easy maintenance and management.

[0106] Further, in the embodiment of this specification, the offshore booster station 2 includes a booster station deck 17 and a steel conductor frame;

[0107] The bottom of the steel conductor frame is fixed on the seabed, and the booster station deck 17 is fixed on the top of the steel conductor frame; the high-pressure compression subsystem 5 , the pressure vessel 6 and the expansion subsystem 7 are arranged on the booster station deck 17 .

[0108] The steel conductor frame can ensure the stability of the construction of the offshore booster station 2. The high-pressure compression subsystem 5, the pressure vessel 6 and the expansion subsystem 7 are arranged on the booster station deck 17, which can facilitate the operation, maintenance and repair operations of the operation and maintenance personnel.

[0109] Preferably, the support structure 19 is disposed on the booster station deck 17 via a pad 18 to provide a certain degree of protection for the booster station deck.

[0110] like Figure 2 As shown, an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system is provided in an embodiment of this specification, wherein the high-pressure compression subsystem 5 includes a connected electric motor 8 and a compressor, and the electric motor 8 is used to convert the electrical energy output by the offshore wind turbine 1 into mechanical energy to drive the compressor to work; after compression, the air pressure can reach above 10MPa.

[0111] The expansion subsystem 7 includes an expander and a generator 9. The expander is used to convert the energy of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel into mechanical energy to drive the generator 9 to work, and the generator is used to generate electricity using the mechanical energy output by the expander and transmit it to the onshore power grid.

[0112] like Figure 2 As shown, further, the offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system provided in the embodiment of this specification also includes an energy management system 10 and a converter 12 connected thereto;

[0113] The energy management system 10 and the converter 12 are both connected to the offshore wind turbine 1 and the control unit 11;

[0114] The energy management system 10 is used to monitor the real-time power consumption and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine 1 and feed back to the control unit 11;

[0115] The converter 12 is used to monitor the real-time output voltage and real-time output current of the offshore wind turbine 1 and feed back the real-time output voltage and real-time output current to the control unit 11 .

[0116] Therefore, the control unit 11 controls the operation of the high-voltage compression subsystem 5 or the expansion subsystem 7 according to the real-time power consumption and real-time output power, real-time output voltage and real-time output current, which can improve the accuracy of the judgment of electric energy storage or release, and is conducive to ensuring the output power quality.

[0117] Furthermore, in the embodiment of this specification, the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system further includes an energy storage control system 24, and the energy storage control system 24 is connected to the pressure vessel 6 and the control unit 11;

[0118] The pressure vessel 6 is provided with a pressure sensor (not shown in the figure), which is used to monitor the pressure of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel 6 and feed it back to the energy storage control system 24. Therefore, when the control unit 11 determines that the expansion subsystem 7 needs to be used to release the energy stored in the pressure vessel 6, the energy storage control system 24 will determine which one or more pressure vessels 6 to release the compressed air according to the monitoring results of the pressure sensors corresponding to each pressure vessel 6.

[0119] Preferably, in the embodiment of the present specification, the pressure vessel 6 is a steel tubular structure, which can store more air at the same temperature and volume, has a higher energy density and a higher output efficiency; and occupies a small space and is flexible in layout, which does not need to rely on geographical restrictions, and can effectively solve the problem of space restrictions on traditional compressed air energy storage, which is conducive to reducing the space occupied when placed on an offshore booster station platform; the inner wall of the pressure vessel 6 is provided with an insulating medium layer 23 (such as Figure 4The heat insulating medium layer 23 can be used to reduce heat loss during storage and improve energy storage efficiency.

[0120] As an example, the outer diameter of the pressure vessel 6 is in the range of 150-800 mm, the wall thickness is in the range of 5-30 mm, and the length is in the range of 8-12 m. The above dimensions of the pressure vessel are only recommended values, and the actual dimensions can be adjusted according to actual application requirements; the working pressure of the pressure vessel 6 is 10-30 MPa.

[0121] When the real-time output power is less than or equal to the real-time power consumption and the energy stored in the pressure vessel needs to be released, the pressure vessel that has completed energy storage can be used first to start releasing energy to improve the efficiency of power supply. When the real-time output power is greater than the real-time power consumption, the air is compressed and stored in the pressure vessel that has not completed energy storage.

[0122] In summary, the offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this specification has the following beneficial effects:

[0123] (1) Improve the energy density of compressed air and the energy storage efficiency of the system

[0124] Energy density refers to the energy per unit volume or unit weight that the energy storage system can store. The energy density of compressed air energy storage is generally 0.7-3.0MJ / m 3 It is closely related to the air compression ratio, the volume of the air storage tank and the working pressure.

[0125] According to the ideal gas law, under isothermal conditions, from state A to final state B, when the absolute temperature is constant, that is, TA = TB, the compression power consumption is:

[0126]

[0127] Among them, p A V is the air pressure in state A before compression; A is the volume of air in state A before compression, p B is the air pressure in the compressed state B.

[0128] Under a pressure of 10MPa, if the ambient pressure is 0.1MPa, the compression is 1m 3 The work consumed by air, i.e. the energy stored, is:

[0129]

[0130] Under a pressure of 20MPa, if the ambient pressure is 0.1MPa, the compression is 1m 3 The work consumed by air, i.e. the energy stored, is:

[0131]

[0132] It can be seen that by increasing the storage pressure of compressed air, the energy storage efficiency of the system can be greatly improved.

[0133] From another perspective, while providing the same energy density, the storage space required for high-pressure compressed air can be reduced by dozens or even hundreds of times.

[0134] (2) Reduce floor space and lower project costs.

[0135] The system provided in the embodiments of this specification uses a pressure vessel with a small footprint as an air storage device and arranges it on an offshore booster station. This can effectively solve the problems of traditional compressed air system air storage devices occupying a large space and being restricted by the geographical environment. There is no need for installation on the seabed and subsequent underwater facility supervision and maintenance operations, which greatly saves engineering costs and has good economic benefits.

[0136] (3) Improving the uncertainty of offshore wind power output

[0137] Offshore wind power has the characteristics of randomness, variability, and intermittency, which leads to random fluctuations in wind turbine input power. By using a high-pressure compressed air energy storage system, when the wind speed is high, the part of the energy that exceeds the real-time output power by the real-time power consumption is stored in the pressure vessel through the high-pressure compression subsystem; when the wind speed is low and the real-time output power is lower than the real-time power consumption, the energy stored in the pressure vessel is released through the expansion subsystem, which can effectively smooth out the random fluctuations in wind turbine input power, improve the uncertainty of offshore wind power output, and improve the output power quality.

[0138] (4) Peak shaving and valley filling

[0139] There is a time difference between offshore wind power and load demand. Generally, the wind is weak during the day and the power generation is small, while the wind is strong at night and the power generation is large, resulting in a large amount of wind abandonment. The use of high-pressure compressed air energy storage system to store offshore wind power during the low power consumption period and release it for use during the peak power consumption period can effectively achieve peak shaving and valley filling, which helps to reduce the impact on the power system and improve the operational stability and safety of the power system.

[0140] Example 2

[0141] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the embodiment of this specification provides an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system, including an offshore wind turbine 1, an offshore booster station 2, a high-pressure compression subsystem 5, a pressure vessel 6, an expansion subsystem 7 and a control unit 11;

[0142] The high-pressure compression subsystem 5 and the expansion subsystem 7 are respectively connected to the pressure vessel 6 , and the high-pressure compression subsystem 5 , the pressure vessel 6 and the expansion subsystem 7 are arranged on the offshore wind turbine 1 .

[0143] The high-pressure compression subsystem 5 is used to convert the electrical energy from the offshore wind turbine 1 into mechanical energy to compress the air and store the compressed air in the pressure vessel 6, and the expansion subsystem 7 is used to convert the energy of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel 6 into electrical energy and transmit it to the onshore power grid 13;

[0144] The control unit 11 is connected to the high-pressure compression subsystem 5 and the expansion subsystem 7, and is used to determine whether to store electric energy using the high-pressure compression subsystem 5 or to release electric energy using the expansion subsystem 7 according to the received real-time electric power consumption and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine 1.

[0145] The difference between the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in the embodiment of this specification and the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in Example 1 is that the embodiment of this specification adopts a distributed arrangement, and the high-pressure compression subsystem 5, the pressure vessel 6 and the expansion subsystem 7 are arranged on the offshore wind turbine 1, so that the offshore wind turbine 1 also serves as an energy storage platform. It is conducive to increasing the flexibility of the energy storage platform setting; and when the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine 1 is less than the real-time power consumption, it is convenient to call the energy storage platform nearby, thereby improving the response rate of power supply.

[0146] Furthermore, if Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the offshore wind turbine 1 includes a nacelle, a hub, blades and a tower, and an energy storage deck 16 is arranged outside the tower. The high-pressure compression subsystem 5, the pressure vessel 6 and the expansion subsystem 7 are arranged on the energy storage deck 16 to facilitate the operation, maintenance and repair of the operation and maintenance personnel. Preferably, the energy storage deck 16 is located higher than the height of the wind turbine tower transition section 15 to reduce seawater immersion erosion.

[0147] Preferably, the pressure vessel 6 is arranged on the offshore wind turbine 1 through a fixing device.

[0148] like Figure 4 As shown, the fixing device includes a support structure 19, and the support structure 19 includes at least two groups, and the two groups of support structures 19 are respectively connected to the two ends of the pressure vessel 6. When the pressure vessel 6 is long, one or more groups of support structures 19 can be arranged in the middle of the pressure vessel 6 to ensure the stability of the installation of the pressure vessel 6.

[0149] Preferably, the support structure 19 is disposed on the energy storage deck 16 via a pad 18 to provide a certain degree of protection for the energy storage deck 16 .

[0150] Further preferably, in order to reduce the impact of vibration generated by the operation of the offshore wind turbine 1 on the energy storage platform, a shock absorbing device 14 is further provided on the energy storage deck 16 .

[0151] Furthermore, the offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system further includes an energy management system 10 and a converter 12 connected to each other; the energy management system 10 and the converter 12 are both connected to the offshore wind turbine 1 and the control unit 11;

[0152] The energy management system 10 is used to monitor the real-time power consumption and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine 1 and feed back to the control unit 11; the converter 12 is used to monitor the real-time output voltage and real-time output current of the offshore wind turbine 1 and feed back to the control unit 11.

[0153] Therefore, the control unit 11 controls the operation of the high-voltage compression subsystem 5 or the expansion subsystem 7 according to the real-time power consumption and real-time output power, real-time output voltage and real-time output current, which can improve the accuracy of the judgment on whether electric energy is stored or released, and is beneficial to ensure the output power quality.

[0154] Furthermore, in the embodiment of this specification, the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system further includes an energy storage control system 24, and the energy storage control system 24 is connected to the pressure vessel 6 and the control unit 11;

[0155] The pressure vessel 6 is provided with a pressure sensor (not shown in the figure), which is used to monitor the pressure of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel 6 and feed back to the energy storage control system 24 .

[0156] Therefore, when the control unit 11 determines that the expansion subsystem 7 needs to be used to release the energy stored in the pressure vessel 6, the energy storage control system 24 will determine which one or more pressure vessels 6 to release the compressed air based on the monitoring results of the pressure sensors corresponding to each pressure vessel 6.

[0157] Accordingly, in the embodiment of this specification, the control unit 11 , the energy management system 10 , the inverter 12 and the energy storage control system 24 are all arranged on the energy storage deck 16 .

[0158] The energy storage deck can be hoisted and constructed together with the tower transition section when the offshore wind turbine is constructed. The offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided by the embodiment of this specification greatly avoids the construction and construction of large-volume submarine gas storage devices and has good economic efficiency.

[0159] The other similarities between the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in the embodiment of this specification and the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in Example 1 can be referenced to each other and will not be repeated here.

[0160] Example 3

[0161] like Figure 7 As shown, the embodiment of this specification provides an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system, including an offshore wind turbine 1, an offshore booster station 2, a high-pressure compression subsystem 5, a pressure vessel 6, an expansion subsystem and a control unit;

[0162] The high-pressure compression subsystem 5 and the expansion subsystem 7 are respectively connected to the pressure vessel 6, and the high-pressure compression subsystem 5, the pressure vessel 6 and the expansion subsystem 7 are arranged on the offshore booster station 2 and the offshore wind turbine 1;

[0163] The high-pressure compression subsystem 5 is used to convert the electrical energy from the offshore wind turbine 1 into mechanical energy to compress the air and store the compressed air in the pressure vessel 6, and the expansion subsystem 7 is used to convert the energy of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel 6 into electrical energy and transmit it to the onshore power grid 13;

[0164] The control unit 11 is connected to the high-pressure compression subsystem 5 and the expansion subsystem 7, and is used to determine whether to store electric energy using the high-pressure compression subsystem 5 or to release electric energy using the expansion subsystem 7 according to the received real-time electric power consumption and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine 1.

[0165] The difference between the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in the embodiment of this specification and the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in Example 1 and Example 2 is that the embodiment of this specification adopts a combination of centralized and distributed layout, and the high-pressure compression subsystem 5, the pressure vessel 6 and the expansion subsystem 7 are arranged on the offshore wind turbine 1 and the offshore booster station 2, so that the offshore wind turbine 1 and the offshore booster station 2 can both serve as energy storage platforms.

[0166] The offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided by the embodiments of this specification greatly improves the flexibility of the energy storage platform layout and greatly reduces the construction and construction costs of the offshore energy storage system. It can effectively smooth out the random fluctuations of the input power of offshore wind turbines, improve the randomness, variability, intermittency, uncertainty and other characteristics of offshore wind power generation, and improve the output power quality.

[0167] The other similarities between the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in the embodiment of this specification and the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in Example 1 and Example 2 can be referenced to each other and will not be repeated here.

[0168] Figure 8 It is a step diagram of a working method of an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in an embodiment of this specification. This specification provides method operation steps as described in the embodiment or flow chart, but may include more or fewer operation steps based on conventional or non-creative labor. The sequence of steps listed in the embodiment is only one way of executing the steps among many sequences, and does not represent the only execution sequence. When the actual system or device product is executed, it can be executed in sequence or in parallel according to the method shown in the embodiment or the accompanying drawings. The working method is applicable to the offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in Examples 1 to 3, and the working method is applied to the control unit, specifically as Figure 7 As shown, the working method may include:

[0169] S810: Receive real-time power consumption and real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine.

[0170] The real-time power consumption and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine may be monitored by an energy management system and fed back to the control unit.

[0171] S820: Determine whether the real-time output power is greater than the real-time power consumption.

[0172] S830: If yes, control the high-pressure compression subsystem to operate, compress the air with the part of the real-time output power that is greater than the real-time power consumption, and store the compressed air in a pressure vessel.

[0173] Control the operation of the motor in the high-pressure compression subsystem to convert the portion of the electrical energy output by the offshore wind turbine that is greater than the real-time electrical power consumption into mechanical energy; and control the operation of the compressor in the high-pressure compression subsystem to compress the air using the mechanical energy at the motor and store the compressed air in a pressure vessel.

[0174] For example, since the power of the motor is known, when the real-time output power is greater than the real-time power consumption, a corresponding number of motors are driven to work according to the specific value of the portion of the real-time output power exceeding the real-time power consumption. Thus, the motor converts the portion of the real-time output power exceeding the real-time power consumption into mechanical energy, and then compresses the air through the compressor to achieve energy storage.

[0175] S840: If not, receiving the real-time output voltage and real-time output current of the offshore wind turbine.

[0176] The real-time output voltage and the real-time output current may be monitored by the converter and fed back to the control unit.

[0177] S850: Determine whether the real-time output voltage is less than a preset voltage threshold, and whether the real-time output current is less than a preset current threshold.

[0178] S860: If yes, control the expansion subsystem to operate, and utilize the air in the pressure vessel to expand and release electrical energy.

[0179] The expander in the expansion subsystem is controlled to work, and the energy of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel is converted into mechanical energy; and the generator is controlled to work, and the mechanical energy output by the expander is used to generate electricity and transmit it to the onshore power grid. The pressure vessel, the high-pressure compression subsystem and the expansion subsystem are arranged on an offshore wind turbine and / or an offshore booster station.

[0180] The working method of an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system provided in the embodiment of the specification is to judge the real-time output power and the real-time power consumption, so that when the real-time output power is greater than the real-time power consumption, the part of the real-time output power exceeding the real-time power consumption is stored; and when the real-time output power is less than or equal to the real-time power consumption, the real-time output voltage and the real-time output current are further judged, and when the real-time output voltage is less than the preset voltage threshold and the real-time output current is less than the preset current threshold, the expansion subsystem is controlled to work, and the air in the pressure vessel is used to expand and release electrical energy, thereby improving the accuracy of power output replenishment. In addition, the random fluctuations of the input power of the offshore wind turbine are effectively suppressed, the randomness, variability, intermittency, uncertainty and other characteristics of offshore wind power generation are improved, and the output power quality is improved; and the peak shaving and valley filling are effectively realized, which helps to reduce the impact on the power system and improve the operation stability and safety of the power system.

[0181] The beneficial effects achieved by the working method provided in the embodiments of this specification are consistent with the beneficial effects achieved by the above-mentioned offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system, and will not be repeated here.

[0182] like Fig. 9 As shown, the embodiment of this specification also provides a working device of an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the device comprising:

[0183] A first receiving module 91 is used to receive real-time power consumption and real-time output power of offshore wind turbines;

[0184] A first judging module 92, configured to judge whether the real-time output power is greater than the real-time power consumption;

[0185] The first control module 93 is used to control the high-pressure compression subsystem to operate when the real-time output power is greater than the real-time power consumption, compress the air with the part of the real-time output power greater than the real-time power consumption, and store the compressed air in the pressure vessel;

[0186] A second receiving module 94 is used to receive the real-time output voltage and real-time output current of the offshore wind turbine when the real-time output power is less than or equal to the real-time power consumption;

[0187] A second judgment module 95, used to judge whether the real-time output voltage is less than a preset voltage threshold, and whether the real-time output current is less than a preset current threshold;

[0188] The second control module 96 is used to control the expansion subsystem to operate and utilize the air in the pressure vessel to expand and release electrical energy when the real-time output voltage is less than a preset voltage threshold and the real-time output current is less than a preset current threshold.

[0189] The beneficial effects achieved by the device provided in the embodiments of this specification are consistent with the beneficial effects achieved by the above-mentioned offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system, and will not be repeated here.

[0190] like Fig.10 As shown, a computer device provided in an embodiment of this specification is provided. The working device of the offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system in this specification can be a computer device in this embodiment, and the above method of this specification is executed. The computer device 1002 may include one or more processors 1004, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs), and each processing unit may implement one or more hardware threads. The computer device 1002 may also include any memory 1006, which is used to store any kind of information such as code, settings, data, etc. Non-limiting, for example, the memory 1006 may include any one or more combinations of the following: any type of RAM, any type of ROM, flash memory device, hard disk, optical disk, etc. More generally, any memory can use any technology to store information. Further, any memory can provide volatile or non-volatile retention of information. Further, any memory can represent a fixed or removable component of the computer device 1002. In one case, when the processor 1004 executes an associated instruction stored in any memory or a combination of memories, the computer device 1002 can perform any operation of the associated instruction. The computer device 1002 also includes one or more drive mechanisms 1008 for interacting with any storage, such as a hard disk drive mechanism, an optical disk drive mechanism, etc.

[0191] The computer device 1002 may also include an input / output module 1010 (I / O) for receiving various inputs (via input devices 1012) and for providing various outputs (via output devices 1014). A specific output mechanism may include a presentation device 1016 and an associated graphical user interface (GUI) 1018. In other embodiments, the input / output module 1010 (I / O), the input device 1012, and the output device 1014 may not be included, and the computer device 1002 may be used as a computer device in a network. The computer device 1002 may also include one or more network interfaces 1020 for exchanging data with other devices via one or more communication links 1022. One or more communication buses 1024 couple the components described above together.

[0192] The communication link 1022 may be implemented in any manner, for example, through a local area network, a wide area network (e.g., the Internet), a point-to-point connection, etc., or any combination thereof. The communication link 1022 may include any combination of hardwired links, wireless links, routers, gateway functions, name servers, etc. governed by any protocol or combination of protocols.

[0193] Corresponding to Figure 7 In addition to the method shown, an embodiment of the specification also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the above method are executed.

[0194] The embodiment of the present specification also provides a computer-readable instruction, wherein when the processor executes the instruction, the program therein causes the processor to execute the following Figure 7 The method shown.

[0195] The embodiments of the present specification also provide a computer program product, including at least one instruction or at least one program, wherein the at least one instruction or the at least one program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the following Figure 7 The method shown.

[0196] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this specification, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this specification.

[0197] It should also be understood that in the embodiments of this specification, the term "and / or" is only a description of the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this specification generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0198] Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this specification can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this specification.

[0199] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0200] In the several embodiments provided in this specification, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, or it can be an electrical, mechanical or other form of connection.

[0201] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiments of this specification.

[0202] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of this specification may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of software functional units.

[0203] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this specification is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of this specification. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.

[0204] Specific embodiments are used in this specification to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this specification. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the methods and core ideas of this specification. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this specification, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on this specification.

Claims

1. An offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that: It includes offshore wind turbines, offshore booster stations, high-pressure compression subsystems, pressure vessels, expansion subsystems and control units; The high-pressure compression subsystem and the expansion subsystem are connected to the pressure vessel respectively. The high-pressure compression subsystem, the pressure vessel and the expansion subsystem are arranged on the offshore booster station and / or the offshore wind turbine. The high-pressure compression subsystem is used to convert the electrical energy from the offshore wind turbine into mechanical energy to compress the air and store the compressed air in the pressure vessel. The expansion subsystem is used to convert the energy of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel into electrical energy and transmit it to the onshore power grid. The control unit is connected to the high-pressure compression subsystem and the expansion subsystem, and is used to determine whether to store electric energy using the high-pressure compression subsystem or to release electric energy using the expansion subsystem based on the received real-time electric power consumption and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine.

2. The offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of pressure vessels are provided, and the plurality of pressure vessels are connected in parallel.

3. The offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A plurality of pressure vessels are arranged on the offshore booster station and / or the offshore wind turbine via a fixing device; The fixing device comprises a supporting structure, and the supporting structure comprises at least two groups, and the two groups of supporting structures are respectively connected to two ends of the pressure container.

4. The offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The offshore booster station comprises a booster station deck and a steel conductor frame; the bottom of the steel conductor frame is fixed on the seabed, and the booster station deck is fixed on the top of the steel conductor frame; The high-pressure compression subsystem, pressure vessel and expansion subsystem are arranged on the booster station deck.

5. The offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The offshore wind turbine comprises a nacelle, a hub, blades and a tower which are connected to each other. An energy storage deck is arranged on the outer side of the tower. The high-pressure compression subsystem, the pressure vessel and the expansion subsystem are arranged on the energy storage deck.

6. The offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure compression subsystem includes a motor and a compressor connected to each other, wherein the motor is used to convert the electrical energy output by the offshore wind turbine into mechanical energy to drive the compressor to work; The expansion subsystem includes an expander and a generator. The expander is used to convert the energy of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel into mechanical energy to drive the generator to work. The generator is used to generate electricity using the mechanical energy output by the expander and transmit it to an onshore power grid.

7. The offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes an energy management system and an inverter connected thereto; The energy management system and the control unit are connected to the offshore wind turbine; The energy management system is used to monitor the real-time power consumption and the real-time output power of the offshore wind turbine and feed back to the control unit; The converter is used to monitor the real-time output voltage and real-time output current of the offshore wind turbine and feed back the real-time output voltage and real-time output current to the control unit.

8. The offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further comprises an energy storage control system, which is connected to the pressure vessel and the control unit; The pressure vessel is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is used to monitor the pressure of the compressed air stored in the pressure vessel and feed back the pressure to the energy storage control system.

9. The offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure vessel is a steel tubular structure, and a heat insulating medium layer is arranged on the inner wall of the pressure vessel.

10. A working method of an offshore wind power high-pressure compressed air energy storage system, characterized in that: The working method is applied to the offshore wind power high-voltage compressed air energy storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the working method comprises: Receive real-time power consumption and real-time output power of offshore wind turbines; Determining whether the real-time output power is greater than the real-time power consumption; If yes, the high-pressure compression subsystem is controlled to operate, the part of the real-time output power that is greater than the real-time power consumption is used to compress the air and the compressed air is stored in the pressure vessel; If not, receiving the real-time output voltage and real-time output current of the offshore wind turbine; Determining whether the real-time output voltage is less than a preset voltage threshold, and whether the real-time output current is less than a preset current threshold; If so, the expansion subsystem is controlled to operate, and the air in the pressure vessel is expanded to do work and release electrical energy.

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