Fertilizer applying method for sweet tangelo and application

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of sweet tangelo planting management, in particular to a sweet tangelo chemical fertilizer applying method and application. According to the sweet tangelo chemical fertilizer application method, organic fertilizer and formula fertilizer application are combined, spraying or drip irrigation and furrow application are matched, chemical fertilizer application is reduced and fixed, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is properly increased, acid soil is effectively improved, the production cost is reduced, the quality and yield of sweet tangelo are improved, and production and income increase of farmers are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sweet tangerine and pomelo planting management, and in particular to a sweet tangerine and pomelo fertilizer application method and application. Background Art

[0002] Sweet pomelo is a hybrid of Ueda Wenzhou mandarin orange as the female parent and Hassaku mandarin orange as the male parent. It is a late-maturing variety of hybrid citrus. Through high grafting, the yield of each plant can reach 30-50kg in the third year. It has the advantages of strong tree vigor, high yield, stable genetics, strong stress resistance, high sugar content, low acidity, storage and transportation resistance, and good commercial quality. It is deeply favored by consumers and fruit farmers and occupies an important position in the development of Zhejiang agriculture.

[0003] However, in recent years, due to extensive management, traditional cultivation methods, and excessive application of chemical fertilizers, the fruit quality has been uneven, the yield is low, and the nutritional imbalance has caused problems. For example, in Zhejiang, the terrain is mountainous. In the mountains where sweet oranges are planted, there are usually no roads, the mountain area is small, and farmers have a weak concept of rational fertilization. They do not have enough control over the nutrients required for the growth of fruit trees. There is no practical standard for the fertilization management of fruit trees. Frequent application of excessive chemical fertilizers, and long-term failure to control the amount of chemical fertilizers can easily cause accelerated soil acidification, soil nutrient imbalance, and accumulation of heavy metals and toxic elements in the soil, which is not conducive to the growth of fruit trees, and the flavor of the fruit deteriorates, losing its quality characteristics and advantages. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a method for applying chemical fertilizers to sweet pomelo. The method adopts a combination of organic fertilizer, formula fertilizer and biological fertilizer, and is applied in a spraying, drip irrigation and furrow application manner. A larger amount of organic fertilizer is applied in combination with biological fertilizer, and the amount of formula fertilizer is appropriately reduced, thereby reducing the total amount of fertilizer applied. Meanwhile, the acidic soil is effectively improved, so that the soil is more suitable for the growth of sweet pomelo, thereby reducing the production cost and improving the quality and yield of sweet pomelo, thereby promoting the increase of production and income for farmers.

[0005] The present application provides a method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet orange grapefruit:

[0006] A method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet orange and pomelo, the fertilizer used comprises:

[0007] Post-harvest fertilizer: Apply basal fertilizer to each tree ditch. The basal fertilizer includes formula fertilizer and organic fertilizer with a mass ratio of 1:3. The basal fertilizer accounts for 40-45% of the total annual fertilizer application.

[0008] Spring fertilizer: The spring fertilizer includes foliar fertilizer or high nitrogen formula fertilizer and organic fertilizer composed of gibberellin, borax, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea, and the spring fertilizer accounts for 20-30% of the total annual fertilizer application;

[0009] Fruit-strengthening fertilizer: The fruit-strengthening fertilizer includes at least two combinations of formula fertilizer, organic fertilizer, brassinolide, and biological fertilizer, and the application amount of the fruit-strengthening fertilizer accounts for 30-35% of the total amount;

[0010] The total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year is 8-12 kg / plant, and the amount of organic fertilizer in the total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year is higher than the total amount of formula fertilizer and foliar fertilizer.

[0011] When applying spring fertilizer and fruit fertilizer, when using sprinkler irrigation, install a micro sprinkler under each tree canopy, with a flow rate of 100-500L per hour and a spray radius of 3-5m. When using drip irrigation, pull a drip irrigation pipe for each row of trees, with a dripper spacing of 60-80cm and a flow rate of 3L / h.

[0012] According to the principle of applying more base fertilizer and less top dressing, when applying base fertilizer in the post-harvest ditch, more organic fertilizer should be applied than when applying spring fertilizer and fruit-strengthening fertilizer.

[0013] The application of organic fertilizer can improve soil quality and increase the quality and yield of sweet tangerine and pomelo.

[0014] Furthermore, the dosage of the formula fertilizer and foliar fertilizer is in the range of 2.8-3.3 kg / plant, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is in the range of 5-8 kg / plant, the dosage of the 0.01% composite brassinolide is in the range of 1-2 g / mu, and the dosage of the biological fertilizer is in the range of 0.6-1.0 kg / plant.

[0015] Furthermore, the method for applying basal fertilizer is as follows: dig a semicircular fertilizer pit with a length of 120 cm, a width of 20-30 cm, and a depth of 25-40 cm along the drip line of the tree crown, apply the formula fertilizer and the organic fertilizer in order, and then cover with soil and water.

[0016] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the formula fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 1-20:1-10:1-10, and the organic fertilizer is an organic fertilizer with an organic matter content greater than 40%.

[0017] Furthermore, the foliar fertilizer includes 0.002-0.02 parts by mass of gibberellin and 100 parts by mass of boron, phosphorus and nitrogen nutrient solution; the boron, phosphorus and nitrogen nutrient solution, based on a total amount of 100 parts, includes 0.1-0.5 parts of borax, 0.2-0.8 parts of phosphate, 0.3-1 parts of urea, and the remainder is water; the foliar fertilizer is applied by spraying or drip irrigation.

[0018] Furthermore, the high-nitrogen formula fertilizer is applied in a ditch at a rate of 1 kg per plant; the organic fertilizer is applied in a ditch at a rate of 1 kg per plant.

[0019] Furthermore, the fruit-enhancing fertilizer includes a formula fertilizer, organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 1: (0.3-0.6): (1.2-1.5);

[0020] Fertilization method: Spray or drip formula fertilizer on each tree, the amount of formula fertilizer is 0.8-1.2kg / plant, biological fertilizer is applied in the ditch at 0.6-1.0kg / plant, and organic fertilizer is applied in the ditch at 1kg / plant.

[0021] Furthermore, the fruit-enhancing fertilizer is applied once every 14 days during the fruit development period.

[0022] Furthermore, the fertilizer also includes spring fertilizer during flowering period, the spring fertilizer during flowering period is foliar fertilizer, and the total fertilizer application amount is 1-3kg / plant;

[0023] After flowering and during the fruit expansion period, 0.01% compound brassinolide is sprayed at 3000-5000 times, once or twice every 7-10 days. The spraying amount of the 0.01% compound brassinolide each time ranges from 1 to 2 g / mu.

[0024] Preferably, according to the principle of applying small amounts multiple times, fertilize 1-2 times during the flowering period and once every 14 days during the fruit development period.

[0025] Furthermore, the planting density of the sweet tangerine pomelo is 30-75 plants / 667m 2 .

[0026] In a second aspect, the present application provides an application of a method for applying a fixed-quota fertilizer to sweet orange pomelo:

[0027] A method for applying a fixed-quota fertilizer to sweet pomelo fertilizer is applied to sweet pomelo planting in mountainous areas of Zhejiang Province.

[0028] Beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. The fertilizer application method of sweet orange pomelo of the present application adopts the combination of applying organic fertilizer and formula fertilizer, spraying or drip irrigation and furrow application, reducing and fixing the application of chemical fertilizer, reducing the total amount of chemical fertilizer by at least 40%, and reducing production costs; appropriately increasing the amount of organic fertilizer, adding biological fertilizer, effectively improving acidic soil, making fertilization more reasonable, 667m 2 The yield increased by more than 10%, the quality of sweet pomelo was improved and the yield was stable, and even showed an increasing trend year by year, which improved the quality of sweet pomelo and promoted farmers' increased production and income.

[0030] 2. The sweet pomelo fertilizer fertilization method of the present application is applied to the cultivation of sweet pomelo in the mountainous areas of Zhejiang Province. By reasonable fertilization and optimization of planting density, the soil is effectively improved, the quality and yield of sweet pomelo are improved, and farmers' production and income are increased. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1, a method for applying fertilizer to sweet orange and pomelo

[0033] The test site is Huangtan Village, Qingyuan County, longitude: 118.9092000, latitude 27.6698817, and the planting density of sweet orange pomelo is 8 plants / 100m 2 .

[0034] The fertilization method includes the following steps:

[0035] S1: Post-harvest fertilizer (December), this stage accounts for about 45.5% of the total annual fertilizer application (4kg / plant):

[0036] Apply nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer once. Apply 1kg of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium formula fertilizer and 3kg of organic fertilizer to each tree to lay a good foundation and accumulate energy. The mass ratio of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium in the formula fertilizer is 15:15:15.

[0037] The application method is: use a fertilizer spreader to dig a semicircular fertilizer pit of 120cm long, 20cm wide and 40cm deep along the drip line of the tree crown, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium formula fertilizers and organic fertilizers in order into the ditch and mix them with the topsoil, cover the soil and water.

[0038] S2: Spring fertilizer (March-April), this stage accounts for about 23% of the total annual fertilizer application (2.0016kg / plant):

[0039] Spring fertilizers include foliar fertilizer and organic fertilizer.

[0040] The foliar fertilizer sprayed on each tree includes 0.5g gibberellin solution and 100g boron, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient solution to promote flowering and fruit preservation; the mass ratio of 20% gibberellin soluble powder to water in the gibberellin solution is 1:10; the boron, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient solution includes 0.1wt% borax + 0.2wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.3wt% urea, and the balance is water; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed twice, and the total amount of foliar fertilizer is 1kg / plant; 1kg of organic fertilizer is applied in the ditch on each tree.

[0041] S3: Fruit-strengthening fertilizer (early July). This stage accounts for about 31.8% of the total annual fertilizer application (2.8 kg / plant).

[0042] Fruit-enhancing fertilizers include formula fertilizers (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio 16-5-24), organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers;

[0043] Fertilization method: Spray formula fertilizer and biological fertilizer on each tree. The amount of formula fertilizer is 1kg / plant, the amount of biological fertilizer applied in the ditch is 0.8kg / plant, and the amount of organic fertilizer applied in the ditch is 1kg / plant.

[0044] During the fruit-growing period, biological fertilizer is used to reduce diseases and pests, improve the growth of plants, promote the absorption of fertilizers, and improve fruit quality.

[0045] After the flowers fade and during the fruit expansion period, the fertilizer dosage of 0.01% brassinolide is 1.5g / mu, diluted 3000-5000 times and sprayed once or twice every 7-10 days. It can regulate and balance nutrition and improve the stress resistance of fruit trees.

[0046] Example 2, a method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet orange and pomelo, which differs from Example 1 in that the foliar fertilizer sprayed in the spring fertilizer is replaced with a high-nitrogen formula (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25-10-13) fertilizer applied in furrows, and the biological fertilizer in the fruit-growing period is removed.

[0047] Example 3, a method for applying chemical fertilizers to sweet pomelo, which is different from Example 1 in that the foliar fertilizer sprayed in the spring fertilizer is replaced with a high-nitrogen formula fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 25-10-13) applied in furrows, with an application amount of 2kg / plant, and the biological fertilizer and formula fertilizer in the fruit-strengthening fertilizer are replaced with a formula fertilizer of 2kg / plant, which is the same as the formula fertilizer amount in the fruit-strengthening fertilizer in the control example.

[0048] Table 1 Specific fertilization conditions of this embodiment and comparative example

[0049]

[0050] In summary, the fertilization methods for sweet pomelo fruit trees in Examples 1 and 2, compared with the control example, reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers for spring shoot fertilizer and fruit fertilizer, and the total application amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced by 40% respectively; the fertilization method for sweet pomelo fruit trees in Example 3, compared with the control example, adopts a fertilization method of adding organic fertilizer without changing the formula fertilizer. Examples 1 and 2 use organic fertilizer to partially replace chemical fertilizer, which solves the problem caused by excessive application of chemical fertilizer, and relies on alkaline organic fertilizer to improve the acidic soil, so that the originally acidic sweet pomelo planting site reaches a more ideal pH value for sweet pomelo growth. Example 1 adds biological fertilizers that are beneficial to the growth of sweet pomelo, so that the fertilizer composition is more reasonable; a certain fertilization method is changed so that the fertilizer is quickly absorbed. The fertilization method is appropriate and the effect is obvious.

[0051] The survey data of Examples 1, 2 and 3 are recorded below, as shown in Table 2, which is the soluble solids, titratable acid, sugar content, vitamin C content, fine product rate, single fruit quality, 667m 2From the overall situation in the table below, the results of Examples 1 and 2 are comparable in terms of soluble solids, titratable acid, sugar content, vitamin C content, quality rate, single fruit quality, 667m 2 The indicators of production are better than those of the comparative example; compared with examples 1, 2 and 3, the indicators of example 1 are better than those of examples 2 and 3, but 667m 2 The first year yield of Example 1 is close to that of Example 3. Referring to the fertilization situation, we select Example 1 and Example 3 for further comparison.

[0052] Table 2 Result of the fertilization method for sweet pomelo fruit-bearing trees of the embodiment and the method for ordinary sweet pomelo fruit-bearing trees of the comparative example (first year)

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] Table 3 Results of the fertilization method for sweet pomelo fruit trees of Examples 1 and 3 and the method for ordinary sweet pomelo fruit trees of the comparative example (contrast of effects for 5 consecutive years)

[0056]

[0057] As shown in Table 3, compared with the comparative example, the soluble solids, sugar content, vitamin C content, fine product rate, single fruit quality, 667m 2 The yield increased significantly, and the titratable acid decreased significantly. The application of additional organic fertilizer ensured the high sugar characteristics of the sweet tangerine pomelo fruit and improved the fruit yield and quality. Compared with Example 3, the quality and yield of single fruits in Example 1 increased steadily year by year, while the quality and yield of single fruits in Example 3 increased more slowly, and the growth rate became smaller year by year, especially in the fourth and fifth years. Overall, the fertilization effect of Example 1 was better than that of Example 3 and the comparative example, achieving high yield, high yield, and stable yield, and the total application of chemical fertilizers was reduced by 40%, reducing the fertilizer input cost.

[0058] Embodiment 1 The fruit has beautiful appearance, and the rate of fine products is increased by 30%; the yield is significantly increased; the taste is good and the quality is excellent, and farmers increase production and income, and it has good prospects for promotion and application.

[0059] The patent owner may make various variations or modifications within the scope of the attached claims, as long as they do not exceed the protection scope described by the claims of the present invention, they should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0060] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet orange and pomelo, characterized in that: The fertilizers used include Post-harvest fertilizer: Apply basal fertilizer to each tree ditch. The basal fertilizer includes formula fertilizer and organic fertilizer with a mass ratio of 1:

3. The basal fertilizer accounts for 40-45% of the total annual fertilizer application. Spring fertilizer: The spring fertilizer includes foliar fertilizer or high nitrogen formula fertilizer and organic fertilizer composed of gibberellin, borax, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea, and the spring fertilizer accounts for 20-30% of the total annual fertilizer application; Fruit-strengthening fertilizer: The fruit-strengthening fertilizer includes at least two combinations of formula fertilizer, organic fertilizer, brassinolide, and biological fertilizer, and the application amount of the fruit-strengthening fertilizer accounts for 30-35% of the total amount; The total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year is 8-12 kg / plant, and the amount of organic fertilizer in the total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year is higher than the total amount of formula fertilizer and foliar fertilizer.

2. A method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet tangerine pomelo as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The total dosage of the formula fertilizer and foliar fertilizer is in the range of 2.8-3.3 kg / plant, the dosage of the organic fertilizer is in the range of 5-8 kg / plant, the dosage of the brassinolide is in the range of 0.0133-0.0667 g / plant, and the dosage of the biological fertilizer is in the range of 0.6-1.0 kg / plant.

3. A method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet tangerine pomelo as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The method for applying the base fertilizer is as follows: dig a semicircular fertilizer pit with a length of 120 cm, a width of 20-30 cm, and a depth of 25-40 cm along the drip line of the tree crown, apply the formula fertilizer and the organic fertilizer in order, and then cover with soil and water.

4. A method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet tangerine pomelo as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the spring shoot fertilizer, the foliar fertilizer sprayed or drip-irrigated on each tree includes 0.002-0.02 parts by mass of gibberellins and 100 parts by mass of boron, phosphorus and nitrogen nutrient solution; the boron, phosphorus and nitrogen nutrient solution, based on a total of 100 parts, includes 0.1-0.5 parts of borax, 0.2-0.8 parts of phosphate, 0.3-1 parts of urea, and the remainder is water.

5. A method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet tangerine pomelo as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The fertilization method of the high-nitrogen formula fertilizer is: 1 kg / plant of high-nitrogen formula fertilizer is applied in the ditch; the fertilization method of the organic fertilizer is: 1 kg / plant of organic fertilizer is applied in the ditch.

6. A method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet tangerine pomelo as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fruit-enhancing fertilizer includes a formula fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 1: (0.3-0.6): (1.2-1.5), an organic fertilizer and a biological fertilizer; Fertilization method: Spray or drip formula fertilizer on each tree, the amount of formula fertilizer is 0.8-1.2kg / plant, biological fertilizer is 0.6-1.0kg / plant, and organic fertilizer is 1kg / plant in the ditch.

7. A method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet tangerine pomelo as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer also includes spring fertilizer during flowering period, which is foliar fertilizer, and the total fertilizer application amount of the spring fertilizer during flowering period is 1-3kg / plant.

8. A method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet tangerine pomelo as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: After flowering and during the fruit expansion period, 0.01% compound brassinolide is sprayed at 3000-5000 times, once or twice every 7-10 days. The spraying amount of the 0.01% compound brassinolide each time ranges from 1 to 2 g / mu.

9. A method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet tangerine pomelo as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The planting density of the sweet tangerine pomelo is 30-75 plants / 667m 2 .

10. The method for applying chemical fertilizer to sweet pomelo according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is applied to sweet pomelo planting in mountainous areas of Zhejiang Province.

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