Preparation method of safe seed dressing agent for seed potatoes and seed dressing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of potato planting, in particular to a preparation method of a safe seed dressing agent for seed potatoes and a seed dressing method.The potato seed dressing agent is prepared by mixing a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 3% Zhongshengmycin wettable powder, 80% mancozeb wettable powder and a slow release component, and the seed potatoes are cut into blocks for seed dressing. The method can safely and efficiently prevent and treat diseases such as soft rot, bacterial wilt and wilt of potatoes, reduces the rotting rate of potato blocks, improves the emergence rate, yield and quality of potatoes, and is simple to operate, easy to master and suitable for large-scale popularization and application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of potato planting, in particular to the preparation of a safe seed dressing agent for potato seed potatoes and a seed dressing method. Background Art

[0002] Potato is the fourth largest food crop in my country, second only to rice, corn and wheat. Potato has strong environmental adaptability, a wide planting area and rich nutrients.

[0003] Potato production mainly uses asexual propagation of seed potatoes. The amount of seeds used for sowing whole potatoes is very large. Cutting seed potatoes into pieces can reduce the amount of seeds used, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing production costs. After the seed potatoes are cut into pieces, if they are not mixed with seeds or the mixing method is improper, they are prone to infection by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, causing the tubers to rot, reducing the potato germination rate, and in severe cases causing large areas of seedlings missing and ridges broken. Even if they can germinate normally, after the seed potatoes rot, pathogenic microorganisms can easily infect potato plants, blocking the water and nutrient transport of the plants, leading to the occurrence of diseases such as bacterial wilt and wilt, which seriously affects the yield and quality of potatoes. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a safe and efficient preparation and method of a potato seed dressing agent. On the basis of "calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 50% carbendazim wettable powder + 3% sinoprotinin wettable powder + 80% mancozeb wettable powder + slow-release component", the preparation of the seed dressing agent is optimized, and the potato seed dressing agent is prepared after being fully mixed in proportion. The potato seed potato pieces are cut and the seeds are mixed, which can safely and efficiently prevent and treat potato soft rot, bacterial wilt, wilt and other diseases, reduce the rot rate of potato pieces, and improve the emergence rate, yield and quality of potatoes. The specific technical scheme is as follows: A preparation method for a safe seed dressing agent for potato seed potatoes comprises: 1. Seed dressing materials and their ingredients (1) Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer: The implementation standard is first-class product of Q / FD 06-2015, with effective phosphorus ≥15%. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is a citric acid-soluble chemical fertilizer containing nutrients such as calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. In potato seed dressing, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer plays the following important roles: Provide nutrients: The phosphorus in calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is one of the essential nutrients for potato growth. It can promote the germination and root growth of seed potatoes, thereby increasing the emergence rate and growth rate of potatoes. Magnesium can promote the synthesis of chlorophyll, enhance plant photosynthesis, and promote growth.

[0005] Improve soil structure: Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is citric acid soluble and difficult to dissolve in water, but it can dissolve in weak acid and is weakly alkaline. It is particularly suitable for acidic soils in the south where calcium and magnesium leaching is more serious. It can improve the structure of the soil around the seed potatoes, increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil, create a good soil environment for the growth of potatoes, and promote the development of the seed potato root system in both directions.

[0006] Moisture absorption and promotion of wound healing: Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer adheres to the cut surface and can absorb moisture from the wound to a great extent, forming a physical barrier, reducing the invasion of external pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and decay, and is beneficial to wound healing.

[0007] (2) 50% carbendazim wettable powder: Carbendazim wettable powder is a broad-spectrum systemic fungicide that has a good preventive and therapeutic effect on a variety of fungal diseases. In potato seed dressing, it can effectively prevent and control fungal diseases that potato seed potatoes are susceptible to after cutting. Its systemic therapeutic and protective properties can effectively prevent and control endophytic fungal lesions and infections in potato tubers.

[0008] (3) 3% Zhongshengmycin wettable powder: Zhongshengmycin is a new type of biological fungicide targeting bacteria, with the characteristics of high efficiency, low toxicity and no pollution. When used in potato seed dressing, it can significantly reduce the risk of bacterial infection, prevent potato tubers from rotting, and has a good control effect on bacterial diseases of potatoes such as bacterial wilt, soft rot, and Verticillium wilt.

[0009] (4) 80% mancozeb wettable powder: Mancozeb is a protective fungicide that has a preventive and therapeutic effect on a variety of fungal diseases, especially potato late blight. In potato seed dressing, mancozeb can effectively prevent and control potato late blight and form a protective film on the surface of the seed potatoes to prevent the invasion of pathogens and protect the health of the seed potatoes. It forms a synergistic effect of systemic absorption and protection with carbendazim to improve the control effect.

[0010] (5) Sustained-release component: bamboo powder, sawdust, and corn stalk powder are mixed with clean water and boiled. The alkali is diluted at room temperature to form a saturated solution, poured into the boiling liquid and continued to boil. Medical stone powder and wood ash are added and continued to boil. The residue after boiling is placed in a fermentation tank for low-temperature fermentation to obtain active raw materials. The bamboo powder, sawdust, and corn stalk powder form rich lignin and cellulose raw materials, which are decomposed by alkali solution to form small molecular fibers with high fineness and enhanced adsorption capacity. Under the mixture of medical stone powder and wood ash, low-temperature fermentation forms an adsorption network of organic + inorganic components, which has better binding capacity for nutrients. Sweet potato residue, sugarcane residue, wheat bran, and moss are then added and mixed. After fermentation with Bacillus subtilis, the material is further refined, the small molecular fiber content is higher, the porosity is better, and the sustained-release effect is more significant.

[0011] 2. Preparation of seed dressing The pesticide formulations used in the present invention are all wettable powders, which can be well mixed with calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to prepare seed dressing agents.

[0012] Mix calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 3% sinobiotic wettable powder, 80% mancozeb wettable powder and slow-release components in a mass ratio of 500:2:1:3:0.5 to prepare a seed dressing agent. For example, use 25 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer + 100 g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder + 50 g of 3% sinobiotic wettable powder + 150 g of 80% mancozeb wettable powder + 25 g of active raw materials. After fully mixing, about 1000 kg of potato seed potatoes can be used for seed dressing.

[0013] The preparation method of the sustained-release component is as follows: by weight, 10-15 parts of bamboo powder, 13-17 parts of sawdust, 20-33 parts of corn stalk powder, 300-350 parts of clean water are added, mixed evenly, boiled, 1-3 parts of alkali are diluted to a saturated solution at room temperature, poured into the boiling liquid and continued to boil for 3-4 minutes, 2-3 parts of medical stone powder and 5-8 parts of wood ash are added and continued to boil until the moisture content is 30-40%; the residue after boiling is put into a fermentation tank for low-temperature fermentation to obtain an active raw material; the low-temperature fermentation controls the internal temperature of the fermentation pile to be lower than 45°C, and ferments for 8-9 days; the alkali is any one of potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide; the calcination condition is calcination at 500-550°C for 2-2.5h.

[0014] In parts by weight, 1-5 parts of sweet potato residue, 3-7 parts of sugarcane residue, 2-3 parts of wheat bran and 6-9 parts of moss are evenly mixed, the water content is adjusted to 77-79%, 5-7% of the weight of the mixed material of Bacillus subtilis is added, the mixture is piled and covered with film for fermentation for 3-4 days, 0.2-0.3 parts of the aforementioned active raw materials are added, and the fermentation is continued for 10-15 days; the fermentation pile height of the film-covered fermentation exceeds 50 cm.

[0015] Potato seed dressing method of the present invention Mix the prepared seed dressing agent with the cut potatoes in a ratio of 1:40 by weight, ensuring that each cut surface of the potato tuber is evenly coated with the seed dressing agent. Spread the potato tubers after seed dressing in a well-ventilated area, and sow them in time after the seed dressing agent on the cut surface of the potato tubers is dry. Do not bag and stack the potato tubers after seed dressing for a long time.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects of the present invention are embodied in: The invention adopts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder and 80% mancozeb wettable powder to mix and prepare seed dressing agent, which can effectively improve potato growth potential, prevent and treat fungal diseases and bacterial diseases of potato seed potatoes, reduce the occurrence of phenomena such as rotten seeds and dead seedlings, and thus significantly improve potato yield. The materials used in the invention are all common pesticides and fertilizers, which are safe and environmentally friendly when used in a prescribed proportion, and will not cause harm to the environment and human body. The seed dressing method is simple to operate, easy to master, and suitable for large-scale promotion and application.

[0017] The present invention uses slow-release components in a targeted manner during seed dressing, thereby improving the adsorption effect of the seed dressing agent on water, fertilizer and medicine, promoting the formation of a soil matrix with better buffering properties in the seed potato growth environment, allowing suitable mineral ions and antibacterial components to be present around the seed potato root system, effectively controlling diseases in seed potato planting, and improving the seed potato planting quality. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The technical solution of the present invention is further defined below in conjunction with specific implementation methods, but the scope of protection required is not limited to the description.

[0019] Example 1 A method for preparing a safe seed dressing agent for potato seed potatoes comprises the following steps: The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder, 80% mancozeb wettable powder and a slow-release component are fully mixed in a mass ratio of 500:2:1:3:0.5 to obtain the seed dressing agent; The preparation method of the slow-release component is as follows: by weight, 10 parts of bamboo powder, 13 parts of sawdust, and 20 parts of corn stalk powder are added to 300 parts of clean water, mixed evenly, boiled, 1 part of alkali is diluted to a saturated solution at room temperature, poured into the boiling liquid and continued to boil for 3 minutes, 2 parts of medical stone powder and 5 parts of plant ash are added and continued to boil until the moisture content is 30%; the residue after boiling is put into a fermentation tank for low-temperature fermentation to obtain an active raw material; the alkali is potassium hydroxide; the low-temperature fermentation controls the internal temperature of the fermentation pile to be lower than 45°C, and the fermentation lasts for 8 days; In parts by mass, 1 part of sweet potato residue, 3 parts of sugarcane residue, 2 parts of wheat bran and 6 parts of moss are mixed evenly, the moisture content is adjusted to 77%, 5% of the mass of the mixed material Bacillus subtilis is added, the pile is covered with film and fermented for 3 days, 0.2 parts of the aforementioned active raw materials are added, and the fermentation is continued for 10 days; the fermentation pile height of the film-covered fermentation is 55 cm.

[0020] A potato seed dressing method comprising: Mix the prepared seed dressing agent with the cut potato tubers in a mass ratio of 1:40, ensuring that the cut surface of each potato tuber is evenly coated with the seed dressing agent. Spread the seed-mixed potato tubers flat in a well-ventilated area, and sow them in time after the seed dressing agent on the cut surface of the potato tubers is dry.

[0021] Example 2 A method for preparing a safe seed dressing agent for potato seed potatoes comprises the following steps: The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder, 80% mancozeb wettable powder and a slow-release component are fully mixed in a mass ratio of 500:2:1:3:0.5 to obtain the seed dressing agent; The preparation method of the slow-release component is as follows: by weight, 15 parts of bamboo powder, 17 parts of sawdust, and 33 parts of corn stalk powder are added to 350 parts of clean water, mixed evenly, boiled, 3 parts of alkali are diluted to a saturated solution at room temperature, poured into the boiling liquid and continued to boil for 4 minutes, 3 parts of medical stone powder and 8 parts of plant ash are added and continued to boil until the moisture content is 40%; the residue after boiling is placed in a fermentation tank for low-temperature fermentation to obtain an active raw material; the alkali is calcium hydroxide; the low-temperature fermentation controls the internal temperature of the fermentation pile to be lower than 45°C, and the fermentation lasts for 9 days; In parts by mass, 5 parts of sweet potato residue, 7 parts of sugarcane residue, 3 parts of wheat bran and 9 parts of moss are mixed evenly, the moisture content is adjusted to 79%, 7% of the mass of the mixed material Bacillus subtilis is added, the pile is covered with film and fermented for 4 days, 0.3 parts of the aforementioned active raw materials are added, and the fermentation is continued for 15 days; the fermentation pile height of the film-covered fermentation is 60 cm.

[0022] A potato seed dressing method comprising: Mix the prepared seed dressing agent with the cut potato tubers in a mass ratio of 1:40, ensuring that the cut surface of each potato tuber is evenly coated with the seed dressing agent. Spread the seed-mixed potato tubers flat in a well-ventilated area, and sow them in time after the seed dressing agent on the cut surface of the potato tubers is dry.

[0023] Example 3 A method for preparing a safe seed dressing agent for potato seed potatoes comprises the following steps: The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 3% zhongshengmycin wettable powder, 80% mancozeb wettable powder and a slow-release component are fully mixed in a mass ratio of 500:2:1:3:0.5 to obtain the seed dressing agent; The preparation method of the slow-release component is as follows: by weight, 13 parts of bamboo powder, 15 parts of sawdust, and 20 parts of corn stalk powder are added to 350 parts of clean water, mixed evenly, boiled, 1 part of alkali is diluted to a saturated solution at room temperature, poured into the boiling liquid and continued to boil for 4 minutes, 2 parts of medical stone powder and 8 parts of plant ash are added and continued to boil until the moisture content is 30%; the residue after boiling is placed in a fermentation tank for low-temperature fermentation to obtain an active raw material; the alkali is potassium hydroxide; the low-temperature fermentation controls the internal temperature of the fermentation pile to be lower than 45°C, and the fermentation lasts for 8 days; In parts by mass, 5 parts of sweet potato residue, 3 parts of sugarcane residue, 3 parts of wheat bran and 6 parts of moss are mixed evenly, the moisture content is adjusted to 79%, 5% of the mass of the mixed material Bacillus subtilis is added, the mixture is piled and fermented for 4 days under a film covering, 0.2 parts of the aforementioned active raw materials are added, and the fermentation is continued for 15 days; the fermentation pile height of the film covering fermentation exceeds 50 cm.

[0024] A potato seed dressing method comprising: Mix the prepared seed dressing agent with the cut potato tubers in a mass ratio of 1:40, ensuring that the cut surface of each potato tuber is evenly coated with the seed dressing agent. Spread the seed-mixed potato tubers flat in a well-ventilated area, and sow them in time after the seed dressing agent on the cut surface of the potato tubers is dry.

[0025] Experimental example The experiment was conducted in 2021 at a potato planting base in Puding County, Guizhou Province. The area is at a high altitude, has a cool climate, and the soil layer is rich in organic matter, which is suitable for potato planting (fast-acting N 166.13 mg / kg, fast-acting P 67.48 mg / kg, fast-acting K 138.79 mg / kg, organic matter 26.77 mg / kg, pH 5.78). The planting variety is Xingjia No. 2, with large ridges and double rows, a row spacing of 1.1m, a plant spacing of 0.27m, 5 rows planted, a plot length of 5m, and an area of ​​27.5㎡ for each planting plot. The planting plots were set as follows: Experimental Group 1, using the method of Example 1 to treat the tubers; Experimental Group 2 using the method of Example 2 to treat the tubers; Experimental Group 3 using the method of Example 3 to treat the tubers; Control Group 1, treated according to the method of Example 1, but no alkali solution was added during the preparation of the slow-release component; Control Group 2, treated according to the method of Example 1, but the active raw materials were not fermented at low temperature during the preparation of the slow-release component. During the entire planting period, the germination rate and soft rot incidence were counted and the yield was calculated: germination rate = (number of germinations / number of sowings) × 100%; incidence = (number of diseased tubers / number of investigated tubers) × 100%.

[0026] Experimental results: Seedling rate Soft rot incidence Yield per mu (t / mu) Experimental Group 1 91.23% 0.12% 2.677 Experimental Group 2 88.44% 0.18% 2.735 Experimental Group 3 93.98% 0.09% 2.521 Control group 1 78.44% 0.32% 2.249 Control group 2 79.09% 0.25% 2.323 As can be seen from the table, the experimental groups 1-3 using the method of the present invention have high emergence rate, low incidence of soft rot, and high yield per mu. No alkali solution was added during the preparation of the slow-release component of the control group 1. Since the alkali solution will accelerate the decomposition of the fiber, the slow-release component lacks the effect of the alkali solution, the fiber refinement degree is not enough, and the structural porosity after carbonization is low, which affects the slow-release component to absorb more nutrients and live bacteria during fermentation, resulting in a decrease in the slow-release effect of the seed dressing after the seed potato is planted, and the adsorption effect of the water fertilizer and antibacterial components is poor, which affects the emergence rate and planting quality of the seed potato. The active raw materials in the slow-release component of the control group 2 were not fermented at low temperature, and the natural adsorption process of mineral medical stone powder, plant ash and raw materials and microbial treatment in natural fermentation were not used. There were obvious differences in particle adsorption, resulting in a decrease in the adsorption effect of the slow-release component on water fertilizer medicine, which in turn led to a poor planting effect of the seed potato.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a safe seed dressing agent for potato seed potatoes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The seed dressing agent is obtained by fully mixing calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 3% sinomenine wettable powder, 80% mancozeb wettable powder and a slow-release component in a mass ratio of 500:2:1:3:0.

5.

2. The method for preparing a safe seed dressing agent for potato seed potatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the sustained-release component is as follows: by weight, 10-15 parts of bamboo powder, 13-17 parts of sawdust, and 20-33 parts of corn stalk powder are added with 300-350 parts of clean water, mixed evenly, boiled, 1-3 parts of alkali are diluted at room temperature to form a saturated solution, poured into the boiling liquid and continued to boil for 3-4 minutes, 2-3 parts of medical stone powder and 5-8 parts of plant ash are added and continued to boil until the moisture content is 60-66%; the residue after boiling is placed in a fermentation tank for low-temperature fermentation to obtain an active raw material; In parts by mass, 1-5 parts of sweet potato residue, 3-7 parts of sugarcane residue, 2-3 parts of wheat bran and 6-9 parts of moss are evenly mixed, the water content is adjusted to 77-79%, 5-7% of the mass of the mixture of Bacillus subtilis is added, the mixture is piled and covered with film for fermentation for 3-4 days, 0.2-0.3 parts of the aforementioned active raw materials are added, and the fermentation is continued for 10-15 days.

3. The method for preparing a safe seed dressing agent for potato seed potatoes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The alkali is any one of potassium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

4. The method for preparing a safe seed dressing agent for potato seed potatoes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The low-temperature fermentation controls the internal temperature of the fermentation pile to be lower than 45° C. and ferments for 8-9 days.

5. The method for preparing a safe seed dressing agent for potato seed potatoes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fermentation pile height of the film-covered fermentation exceeds 50 cm.

6. A method for dressing potato seed potatoes, characterized in that: include: Mix the prepared seed dressing with the cut potato tubers evenly, ensuring that each cut surface of the potato tuber is evenly coated with the seed dressing. Spread the seed-mixed potato tubers flat in a well-ventilated area, and sow them in time after the seed dressing on the cut surface of the potato tubers is dry.

7. The method for dressing potato seed potatoes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the seed dressing agent to the cut potato pieces is 1:40.