Geological exploration drilling rock core layering method

Abstract

The invention discloses a geological exploration drilling rock core layering method, which comprises six stages of rock core acquisition, data measurement, data storage, data preprocessing, data processing and analysis, and result analysis, in the data measurement, a measurement rod piece is adopted, and a color measurement module, a moisture measurement module and a hardness measurement module are distributed on the rod piece; data storage adopts a spatial data format for storage, and corresponding coordinates are given to each measurement point according to data matrix coding; the measurement data is preprocessed to meet the requirements of post-processing and analysis of the data; according to a rock core characteristic attribute division standard, the measured data is subjected to reclassification, weight analysis, superposition calculation and re-reclassification in sequence, and finally, a gray value is adopted to represent a settlement result. The time cost and the engineering cost are saved; a rock core characteristic measurement data preprocessing structure chart, a visual data preprocessing method and a visual data preprocessing process are constructed, and rock core layering is quantitatively expressed and output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a geological exploration drilling core layering method. Background Art

[0002] Drill core stratification is an important part of the drilling logging process and an important basis for rock and soil classification and evaluation. As far as geological survey is concerned, reasonable and accurate stratigraphic division is an important prerequisite for foundation design and construction, which not only ensures the safety of engineering construction, but also saves engineering construction costs as much as possible.

[0003] At present, core stratification mainly relies on the analysis and judgment of cores by cataloging technicians in on-site drilling projects, mainly describing the sedimentary environment (stratum code), color, humidity, particle packaging, state and density of the cores. Due to the large differences in professional theoretical knowledge, familiarity with regulations and on-site experience of cataloging technicians, the description and stratification of cores are also different, especially for multiple catalogers at the same site, which makes it difficult to connect the cataloging data of each person, thus affecting the progress of survey report preparation and the quality of results. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to use relevant technologies to extract and store information such as hardness, humidity, color, etc. of the core on site, and then use a computer to process and analyze the data, and automatically stratify the core according to empirical samples.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A geological survey drilling core layering method, the steps of which are divided into six stages: core collection, data measurement, data storage, data preprocessing, data processing and analysis, and result analysis; The cores are drilled and placed in multiple rows, each row of cores being evenly divided into multiple sections. The data measurement uses a measuring rod, which is distributed with three modules: color measurement, moisture measurement and hardness measurement. Each module is evenly distributed with multiple groups of measuring probes. The evenly spaced distance is: single row core length / number of segments; the number of groups of measuring probes is the same as the number of segments; The data storage is stored in the format of spatial data, that is, each measuring point is assigned a corresponding coordinate, with the row of measuring point number as the x-coordinate and the row number-segment number as the y-coordinate, which is consistent with the spatial form of the core measuring point; The data preprocessing includes: measurement data format conversion, spatial projection, attribute association, and abnormal data removal, identification, and interpolation; The data processing and analysis include: data reclassification, data superposition calculation, and weight analysis; The result analysis is expressed in grayscale values. The darker the color, the larger the value and the better the overall physical and mechanical properties. The grayscale value is the numerical value of the calculation result.

[0006] Preferably, during the core collection process, dry drilling is used, no water is supplied or a small amount of water is supplied, and the cores are placed in sequence using core boxes and covered with a sunshade film after placement.

[0007] Preferably, during the data measurement process, the midpoint of each segment is used as a data collection point for measurement.

[0008] Preferably, the color measurement module for measuring the rod is a ground object spectrometer.

[0009] Preferably, the moisture measuring module of the measuring rod is a soil moisture measuring instrument.

[0010] Preferably, the hardness measuring module for measuring the rod is a soil hardness tester.

[0011] Preferably, the measuring rod is connected to a functional module conversion and data storage device.

[0012] Preferably, the working process of the three modules of the measuring rod is as follows: When measuring the moisture content of the core, press the measuring probe into the core, make sure the probe is in full contact with the core, then click the measuring switch to start recording data. When measuring the core hardness, first click the measurement switch, slowly press the measuring probe into the core, and start recording data; When measuring the color of the core, place the measuring probe 10~30cm away from the core, then click the measurement switch to start recording data.

[0013] Preferably, the data preprocessing process includes the following steps: A) Convert the data format, use x and y coordinate values ​​to project the data, and project the table data file to the plane point file; B) Associating the table data of each functional module with the corresponding point data as its attribute file; C) Analyze abnormal data based on drilling conditions, remove erroneous data, and mark data with large differences; D) For data with large differences, use line graphs for analysis; The data with large differences can be divided into the following four situations: D-1. When the measured value of a certain area changes slightly or changes slowly, the core is classified as a type with this characteristic; D-2. If there are individual values ​​with large variations within a flat range, a comprehensive judgment will be made based on the drilling situation. If the data is wrong, it will be eliminated and the difference will be filled with the previous and next data. If the data is true, the point will be marked and determined to be a solitary rock, lens, or crack in a uniform formation. D-3. If there are multiple values ​​with large variations in a gentle range, it is determined that the core section is a thin layer or interlayer in the formation; D-4. When the measured value suddenly changes from an overall lower / high value to an overall higher / low value, a certain feature of the surface rock and soil changes significantly here, which is determined to be the groundwater boundary or rock-soil interface.

[0014] Preferably, the data processing and analysis process comprises the following steps: a) Data reclassification: assign interval classification values ​​to the measured data; b) Data superposition calculation: After reclassifying the measured data of the three characteristics of core color, moisture content and hardness, three element layers of the measuring point data are obtained, and the three element layers are calculated; c) Weight analysis: assign different weights to each layer according to its importance; in general, the mechanical properties of the rock mass are the most important indicators of core stratification, so the weight of core hardness is usually larger, followed by the weight of core moisture, and the weight of core color is smaller.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. Save time and engineering costs. Currently, geological exploration core logging requires a large number of loggers to work on site, which takes a lot of time and generates a lot of logging costs. The present invention can save this link, thereby saving engineering time and cost.

[0016] 2. Seamless connection of cataloging data. Core cataloging is the description of the age, color, humidity, state (hardness) and other characteristics of the strata by the cataloger, and the preliminary strata division. It has a strong subjective experience. When there are multiple catalogers in the same site, there are certain differences in the description of core characteristics and the preliminary strata division of each cataloger, which makes it difficult to connect during indoor data processing. The present invention measures the core characteristics and performs core stratification through data analysis and processing to solve the problem of difficult connection of cataloging data.

[0017] 3. Invented a device for measuring core color, moisture content and hardness. Integrating three measurement functions into one device makes the measurement work more convenient.

[0018] 4. A core measurement data storage format is proposed. Using the matrix data storage structure, the measurement data fields and their types are determined.

[0019] 5. The broken line method is used to preprocess the core characteristic measurement data, and the data changes and abnormal values ​​are judged and explained.

[0020] 6. A core feature measurement data preprocessing structure diagram was constructed to intuitively understand the data preprocessing methods and processes.

[0021] 7. A core characteristic measurement data processing and analysis structure diagram was constructed to intuitively understand the data processing and analysis methods and processes.

[0022] 8. Through the processing and analysis of the measurement data, the core stratification was quantitatively expressed and output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 The drilling core arrangement and detection point distribution matrix of the present invention; Figure 2 The cross-sectional T diagram of the measuring rod module of the present invention; Figure 3 The longitudinal plan view of the measuring rod and the connection diagram of the handheld device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the storage form of measurement data of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of preprocessing measurement data using the broken line method in the present invention; Figure 6 This is a data preprocessing structure diagram of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of data processing and analysis of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of data superposition calculation of the present invention; Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of reclassification of the settlement results of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0025] See also Figure 1-9 , a geological exploration drilling core layering method, the steps of which are divided into six stages: core collection, data measurement, data storage, data preprocessing, data processing and analysis, and result analysis;

[0026] This part of the work is mainly aimed at the requirements of drilling and core placement, mainly: (1) When drilling, dry drilling should be used as much as possible, and no water or a small amount of water should be supplied to reduce the impact of construction water on the water content and hardness of the core; (2) Use rotary drilling to ensure that the core is not disturbed as much as possible; (3) The cores are placed in sequence in a core box, and the length of a single row of cores is 1.0 m; (4) After each drilling round, the core samples should be covered with sunshade film in time to ensure that the moisture and hardness of the core remain unchanged until the core measurement is completed.

[0027] This part of the work is the core field measurement work, which mainly includes: (1) Divide each row of cores into 5 sections, each 0.2 m long (e.g. Figure 1 shown); (2) The midpoint of each segment is used as the data collection point for measurement. The measurement points in the first row are numbered 1-1 to 1-5, the measurement points in the second row are numbered 2-1 to 2-5, and so on. The measurement points in the nth row are numbered n-1 to n-5. This number is the measurement data storage number (such as Figure 1 shown); (3) Design a measuring rod with three modules for color measurement, moisture measurement, and hardness measurement distributed in an equilateral triangle inside the rod. The measurement principles of each functional module are as follows: a. The color measurement module is a ground spectrometer, which uses the principle that when sunlight shines on the soil surface, the soil will reflect light of a specific wavelength to form a unique spectrum curve. By analyzing these spectrum curves, different types of soil colors can be identified and distinguished.

[0028] b. The moisture measurement module is a soil moisture meter that uses time domain reflectometry (TDR) to obtain soil moisture content by measuring the soil dielectric constant.

[0029] c. The hardness measurement module is a soil hardness tester, which uses the theoretical value of the pressure gauge (kg / cm2) to directly measure the hardness value of the soil.

[0030] (4) Each module of the measuring rod has 5 sets of measuring probes distributed at an equal distance of 0.2 m. The properties of the probes in different measuring modules are different (e.g. Figure 3 as shown).

[0031] (5) Measurement rod connection function module conversion and data storage device, which is a handheld device (such as Figure 3 as shown).

[0032] (6) When a certain module of the core needs to be measured, set the handheld device to the corresponding function. The measurement probes of different modules are operated as follows: a. When measuring the moisture content of the core, press the corresponding functional module measuring probe on the rod into the core to a depth of 2 to 5 cm so that the probe is in full contact with the core, then click the measurement switch to start recording data.

[0033] b. When measuring the core hardness, first click the measurement switch, and then slowly press the measuring probe into the core over 3 to 5 seconds to a depth of about 5 cm.

[0034] c. When measuring the color of the core, place the measuring probe about 20 cm away from the core, then click the measurement switch to start recording data.

[0035] (7) When the data measurement of each module is completed, the corresponding data will be stored according to the measurement point number.

[0036] (8) Repeat steps (6) and (7) to complete the measurement of each row of cores.

[0037] The measurement data is stored in the format of spatial data, that is, each measurement point is assigned a corresponding coordinate, with the row of measurement point number as the x-coordinate and the sequence number as the y-coordinate, which is consistent with the spatial form of the core measurement point (such as Figure 4 As shown), the character type is shown in Table 1, and the storage format is dat.

[0038] Table 1 Measurement data storage field types Serial number Fields Field Description type Type Description 1 Number Data No. Integer Integer 2 X x-coordinate Float Floating point 3 Y y coordinate Float Floating point 4 Moisture Moisture content Float Floating point 5 Hardness Hardness / state Float Floating point 6 Spectrum-R Spectral color (red) Integer Integer 7 Spectrum-G Spectral color (green) Integer Integer 8 Spectrum-B Spectral color (blue) Integer Integer 9 Note Remark Text String

[0039] This part is to carry out preliminary processing of the measurement data, mainly including measurement data format conversion, spatial projection, attribute association, and abnormal data removal, identification, interpolation and other processing. The main contents include: (1) Convert the data format, use x and y coordinate values ​​to project the data, and project the table data file to the plane point file; (2) Associate the table data of each functional module with the corresponding point data as its attribute file.

[0040] (3) Pre-process the measurement data, analyze the abnormal data in combination with the drilling situation, and eliminate the erroneous data; mark the data with large differences, and further analyze and determine the reasons for the differences later.

[0041] (4) For data with large differences, the following situations may occur when using line graphs for analysis: a. When the measured value in a certain area changes little or changes slowly, the core is judged to be classified into a type (such as water content), such as Figure 5 The section from measuring point 1# to measuring point 9# (except measuring point 4#); b. If there are individual values ​​with large variations within a flat range, such as Figure 5 The 4# measurement point in the drilling process needs to be determined comprehensively in combination with the drilling situation. If the data is wrong, it should be removed and the difference should be filled with the previous and next data. If the data is true, the point should be marked and considered to be a solitary rock, lens, crack, etc. in a uniform formation. c. If there are multiple values ​​with large variations within a flat range, such as Figure 5 For the 15#~17# measuring points, this section of the core is considered to be a thin layer or interlayer in the formation.

[0042] d. When the measured value changes suddenly from an overall lower (high) value to an overall higher (low) value, such as Figure 5 For measuring points 9# to 10#, some characteristics of the surface rock and soil (such as hardness) vary greatly here, which may be the groundwater boundary, rock-soil interface, etc.

[0043] For the preprocessed data, further analysis and calculation operations are performed based on the data attribute characteristics, such as Figure 6-7 As shown, the main process is: (1) Data reclassification: In order to facilitate data analysis, data can usually be classified into intervals. For example, soil with a water content of less than 5% can be classified as dry soil, soil with a water content of more than 30% can be classified as wet soil, and soil between the two can be classified as slightly wet soil. Therefore, data reclassification can be used to classify and assign interval values ​​to measured data.

[0044] (2) Data overlay calculation: After reclassifying the measured data of the three characteristics of core color, moisture content and hardness, three element layers of the measuring point data are obtained. The final stratification of the core needs to consider these three characteristics at the same time, so overlay calculation is required, such as Figure 8 shown.

[0045] (3) Weight analysis: The weight of each characteristic factor needs to be considered during the data superposition calculation process, that is, the importance of each characteristic factor to the core stratification. Different industries assign different weights to each factor. For example, for building foundation design, the hardness (state) of the rock and soil mass is an important indicator of its mechanical properties and an important basis for foundation selection. It is more important than moisture content and color, and its weight value is correspondingly larger.

[0046] Through the above data processing and analysis, the calculation results will be obtained. The results can be expressed in grayscale values, which are the numerical values ​​of the calculation results. Similarly, the grayscale values ​​can be reclassified according to the standard values. After reclassification, the data is more simplified and can be used as the basis for indicator evaluation. Fig. 9 shown.

[0047] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for stratifying geological exploration drilling cores, the steps of which are divided into six stages: core sampling, data measurement, data storage, data preprocessing, data processing and analysis, and result analysis; the characteristics are: The cores are drilled and placed in multiple rows, each row of cores being evenly divided into multiple sections. The data measurement uses a measuring rod, which is distributed with three modules: color measurement, moisture measurement and hardness measurement. Each module is evenly distributed with multiple groups of measuring probes. The evenly spaced distance is: single row core length / number of segments; the number of groups of measuring probes is the same as the number of segments; The data storage is stored in the format of spatial data, that is, each measuring point is assigned a corresponding coordinate, with the row of measuring point number as the x-coordinate and the row number-segment number as the y-coordinate, which is consistent with the spatial form of the core measuring point; The data preprocessing includes: measurement data format conversion, spatial projection, attribute association, and abnormal data removal, identification, and interpolation; The data processing and analysis include: data reclassification, data superposition calculation, and weight analysis; The result analysis is represented by grayscale value, which is the numerical value of the calculation result.

2. A geological exploration drilling core layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the core collection process, dry drilling is adopted, and no water is supplied or a small amount of water is supplied. The cores are placed in sequence using core boxes and covered with sunshade films after placement.

3. A geological exploration drilling core layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the data measurement process, the midpoint of each segment is used as a data collection point for measurement.

4. A geological exploration drilling core layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the data measurement process, the color measurement module for measuring the rod is a ground object spectrometer.

5. A geological exploration drilling core layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the data measurement process, the moisture measurement module of the measuring rod is a soil moisture measuring instrument.

6. A geological exploration drilling core layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the data measurement process, the hardness measurement module for measuring the rod is a soil hardness tester.

7. A geological exploration drilling core layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measuring rod is connected to a functional module conversion and data storage device.

8. A geological exploration drilling core layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working process of the three modules of the measuring rod is as follows: When measuring the moisture content of the core, press the measuring probe into the core, make sure the probe is in full contact with the core, then click the measuring switch to start recording data. When measuring the core hardness, first click the measurement switch, slowly press the measuring probe into the core, and start recording data; When measuring the color of the core, place the measuring probe 10~30cm away from the core, then click the measurement switch to start recording data.

9. A geological exploration drilling core layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data preprocessing process includes the following steps: A) Convert the data format, use x and y coordinate values ​​to project the data, and project the table data file to the plane point file; B) Associating the table data of each functional module with the corresponding point data as its attribute file; C) Analyze abnormal data based on drilling conditions, remove erroneous data, and mark data with large differences; D) For data with large differences, use line graphs for analysis; The data with large differences can be divided into the following four situations: D-1. When the measured value of a certain area changes slightly or changes slowly, the core is classified as a type with this characteristic; D-2. If there are individual values ​​with large variations within a flat range, a comprehensive judgment will be made based on the drilling situation. If the data is wrong, it will be eliminated and the difference will be filled with the previous and next data. If the data is true, the point will be marked and determined to be a solitary rock, lens, or crack in a uniform formation. D-3. If there are multiple values ​​with large variations in a gentle range, it is determined that the core section is a thin layer or interlayer in the formation; D-4. When the measured value suddenly changes from an overall lower / high value to an overall higher / low value, a certain feature of the surface rock and soil changes significantly here, which is determined to be the groundwater boundary or rock-soil interface.

10. A geological exploration drilling core layering method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing and analysis process includes the following steps: a) Data reclassification: assign interval classification values ​​to the measured data; b) Data superposition calculation: After reclassifying the measured data of the three characteristics of core color, moisture content and hardness, three element layers of the measuring point data are obtained, and the three element layers are calculated; c) Weight analysis: assign different weights to each layer according to its importance.

Images