Geological exploration sampling method and sampling equipment based on vibration drilling and obstacle recognition

Abstract

The invention provides a geological exploration sampling method and sampling equipment based on vibration drilling and obstacle recognition, and belongs to the technical field of geological exploration. The geological exploration sampling method comprises the following steps: 1, starting drilling; 2, switching a vibration mode; 3, obstacle recognition; 4, grouting assistance; and 5, recovering drilling and completing sampling. According to the geological exploration sampling method, the adaptability to complex stratums can be improved by switching the rotary drilling mode and the vibration drilling mode, a multi-sensor module is adopted in the obstacle recognition step, and pressure, sound waves and vibration signals are collected in real time, so that the obstacle type is accurately judged, and a basis is provided for subsequent drilling mode adjustment. In the grouting assisting step, grouting equipment is adopted to inject grout into an obstacle area from grouting micropores in the front end of a drill bit through a grouting channel so as to effectively weaken an obstacle structure. By means of the method, efficient drilling and sampling operation under the complex stratum condition can be achieved, the drilling tool jamming risk is reduced, adaptability is high, and efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of geological exploration technology, and in particular to a geological exploration sampling method and sampling equipment based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification. Background Art

[0002] Geological exploration sampling is an important basic link in the development of mineral resources and underground engineering construction. Its purpose is to obtain geological samples to analyze the composition, structure, mechanical properties and other key information of underground strata. In complex strata, such as rock layers, loose soil layers and mixed strata composed of the two, sampling drilling faces problems such as high resistance and high difficulty in breaking obstacles. This complex stratum puts higher requirements on the performance and adaptability of drilling equipment, and is the focus of current research in the field of geological exploration.

[0003] Existing technologies usually improve the efficiency of sampling drilling in complex formation conditions by improving drill bit materials, introducing obstacle-breaking auxiliary devices, etc. For example, for harder rock layers, high-strength alloy drill bits are used to break obstacles; for loose soil layers, mechanical vibration auxiliary devices are used to reduce drilling resistance. However, in the face of complex mixed formations composed of hard rocks and loose soil layers, existing drilling solutions often lack effective means, resulting in low obstacle-breaking efficiency and easy interruption of the drilling process.

[0004] The existing technology has the problem of low efficiency in removing obstacles during drilling in complex mixed formations. Especially when the strength and density of obstacles vary greatly, it is difficult for drilling equipment to achieve rapid adaptive adjustment, which can easily cause drill jamming or equipment damage. In this case, how to efficiently remove obstacles in complex mixed formations has become a key issue that needs to be urgently solved in current geological exploration sampling technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a geological exploration sampling method and sampling equipment based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification, which are used to solve the problem of low obstacle removal efficiency under complex mixed stratum conditions in the prior art.

[0006] On the one hand, the present application provides a geological exploration sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Drilling Start

[0008] Start the geological exploration sampling equipment, and drill the formation by rotary drilling through the drill bit at the front end of the drill pipe; during the drilling process, monitor the running status of the drill pipe, and when it is detected that the drill pipe is stuck or drilling is blocked, stop the rotary drilling and record the location of the obstacle;

[0009] Step 2: Switch to Vibration Mode

[0010] Switch the drilling mode to vibration drilling mode to make the drill bit generate high-frequency vibration, which destroys the surface structure of the obstacle and loosens the stratum around the obstacle to reduce resistance. During the vibration drilling process, the vibration frequency and amplitude are adjusted and the initial feedback of the vibration signal is collected to monitor the effect of vibration drilling.

[0011] Step 3: Obstacle Identification

[0012] The multi-sensor module with integrated pressure sensor, ultrasonic detection device and vibration signal sensor at the front end of the drill pipe collects and analyzes the pressure change, acoustic wave reflection signal and vibration response in the obstacle area to determine the type of obstacle.

[0013] Step 4: Grouting Assist

[0014] If the obstacle is of the removable type, start the grouting equipment, transport the slurry through the grouting channel inside the drill pipe to the grouting micropores at the front end of the drill bit, and inject it into the obstacle area; during the grouting process, dynamically adjust the grouting pressure and slurry flow rate based on the type of obstacle to assist vibration drilling in removing the obstacle;

[0015] Step 5: Resume drilling and complete sampling

[0016] After the obstacle is removed, the rotary drilling mode of the drill bit is restored and the drill pipe is continued to be advanced until the geological sample extraction at the target depth is completed, and then the drill pipe is withdrawn and the geological sample is collected to complete the sampling operation.

[0017] In an optional embodiment, the multi-sensor module is integrated into the outer wall of the front end of the drill pipe, the multi-sensor module is connected to an external control system via a cable, the control system is also used to switch between the rotary drilling and vibration drilling modes, the cable is fixed on the inner wall of the drill pipe, and the multi-sensor module includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic detection device and a vibration signal sensor;

[0018] The pressure sensor is sealed and embedded in the outer shell of the drill pipe to monitor the pressure distribution and changes in the obstacle area;

[0019] The ultrasonic detection device is arranged at a circumferential position on the outer wall of the front end of the drill pipe and is evenly distributed along the circumference of the drill pipe to analyze the physical structure of the obstacle by transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals;

[0020] The vibration signal sensor is installed on the inner wall of the front end of the drill pipe and is used to monitor the vibration state of the drill bit and the vibration feedback signal of the obstacle.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, a vibration drive system is used to make the drill bit generate high-frequency vibrations. The vibration drive system includes a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic drive cylinder and a vibration generator. The hydraulic pump provides a high-frequency pulsating hydraulic oil flow to the hydraulic drive cylinder through a pressure oil pipe. The hydraulic drive cylinder is installed inside the drill pipe near the drill bit. The hydraulic drive cylinder is connected to the vibration generator. The hydraulic drive cylinder generates a reciprocating impact force under the action of the pulsating hydraulic oil flow and drives the vibration generator to vibrate the drill bit at a set frequency and amplitude. The vibration generator is connected to the drill bit through a coupling to transmit vibration energy to the drill bit.

[0022] In an optional embodiment, the vibration generator is connected to the drill bit through an elastic coupling, the elastic coupling is cylindrical as a whole, and the two ends of the elastic coupling are respectively connected to the vibration generator and the drill bit, the elastic coupling includes two rigid connectors and an elastomer located between the two rigid connectors, the elastomer is fixed between the two rigid connectors by mechanical embedding or bonding, the two rigid connectors are respectively connected to the output shaft of the vibration generator and the input end of the drill bit, the elastomer is made of high-frequency impact-resistant rubber or polyurethane, and is used to buffer vibration impact and efficiently transfer vibration energy to the drill bit.

[0023] In an optional embodiment, when vibration drilling is used, the vibration frequency range is 50 Hz to 200 Hz.

[0024] In an optional embodiment, in step 3, when determining the type of obstacle, the pressure distribution and dynamic changes in the obstacle area are collected by a pressure sensor, and the hardness and density of the obstacle are determined based on the pressure change characteristics; an ultrasonic detection device is used to transmit an ultrasonic signal and receive a reflected signal, and the internal structural characteristics of the obstacle are analyzed based on the propagation time and intensity change of the reflected signal, including determining whether the obstacle is a homogeneous structure or a multi-layer structure; a vibration signal sensor is used to collect the response signal of the obstacle to the high-frequency vibration of the drill bit, and the material properties of the obstacle are determined based on the attenuation rate and frequency change characteristics of the vibration response; the type of obstacle is determined by combining the analysis results of the pressure signal, the sound wave signal and the vibration signal; the types of obstacles include rock, loose soil layer and mixed stratum; if it is rock, it is determined to be an unbreakable type, drilling is stopped and the drilling position is adjusted; if it is a loose soil layer, it is determined to be a loose obstacle and is directly broken through the vibration drilling mode; if it is a mixed stratum, it is determined to be a destructible type and is broken through by combining grouting assistance with vibration drilling.

[0025] In an optional embodiment, during the grouting process of step 4, a soil modifier is added to the slurry used for grouting.

[0026] In an optional embodiment, the soil modifier is a mixture of sodium bentonite and ordinary Portland cement, in which the sodium bentonite accounts for 80-90% and the ordinary Portland cement accounts for 10-20% by weight; at the same time, a lubricant accounting for 1-5% of the total amount of the grouting slurry is added to the grouting slurry, and the lubricant used is polyethylene glycol.

[0027] On the other hand, the present application also provides a geological exploration sampling device based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification, which is used to implement the geological exploration sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification provided by the present application. The geological exploration sampling device includes a drill bit capable of rotary drilling and vibration drilling, a drill pipe capable of being propelled and rotated under the drive of a driving device is connected to the rear end of the drill bit, the drill bit can rotate under the rotation of the drill pipe, and a multi-sensor module is provided at the front end of the drill pipe, and the multi-sensor module is connected to a control system to determine the type of obstacle;

[0028] The multi-sensor module includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic detection device and a vibration signal sensor. The pressure sensor is used to collect pressure distribution and dynamic changes in the obstacle area, the ultrasonic detection device is used to transmit ultrasonic signals and receive reflected signals, and the vibration signal sensor is used to collect the response signal of the obstacle to the high-frequency vibration of the drill bit;

[0029] The drill bit can generate high-frequency vibration when driven by a vibration drive system. A grouting channel is arranged inside the drill pipe for conveying the slurry conveyed by the grouting equipment to the grouting micropores at the front end of the drill bit.

[0030] In an optional embodiment, the grouting equipment is fixedly mounted on the base of the geological exploration sampling equipment, the base is a crawler structure, the base includes two crawlers arranged in parallel and a frame arranged between the two crawlers, the frame is provided with a bracket and a drill pipe is connected through the bracket, the bracket is provided with a driving device capable of driving the drill pipe to advance and rotate, the control system is arranged on the frame of the base, the grouting equipment and the vibration drive system are both connected to the control system and controlled by the control system, the vibration drive system includes a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic drive cylinder and a vibration generator, the hydraulic pump is fixedly mounted on the frame, the hydraulic pump provides a high-frequency pulsating hydraulic oil flow to the hydraulic drive cylinder through a pressure oil pipe, the hydraulic drive cylinder is installed in the drill pipe near the drill bit, the hydraulic drive cylinder is connected to the vibration generator, the hydraulic drive cylinder generates a reciprocating impact force under the action of the pulsating hydraulic oil flow and drives the vibration generator to vibrate the drill bit at a set frequency and amplitude at a high frequency, and the vibration generator is connected to the drill bit through a coupling for transmitting vibration energy to the drill bit.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] 1. The present application adopts two drilling modes, rotary drilling and vibration drilling, to achieve the adaptability of geological exploration sampling equipment to complex formations. When the drill is stuck or blocked during the drilling process, it can switch to the vibration drilling mode and use the high-frequency vibration of the drill bit to destroy the surface structure of the obstacle and loosen the surrounding formations. This method enables the geological exploration sampling equipment to be flexibly adjusted according to different formation conditions, which not only ensures the drilling efficiency of ordinary formations, but also can effectively remove obstacles and reduce the risk of downtime and drill bit damage caused by obstacles.

[0033] 2. During the drilling process, by real-time monitoring of the operating status of the drill pipe and recording the location of obstacles, a basis can be provided for vibration drilling, so that targeted obstacle-breaking measures can be taken for the blocked areas. This method makes the drilling operation more targeted, avoids the energy waste and reduced efficiency caused by blind drilling, thereby improving the effectiveness and stability of the overall operation, and can quickly resume rotary drilling after the obstacles are removed, ensuring the continuity of the drilling process.

[0034] 3. This application simplifies the geological sample extraction process through a reasonable operation process design. After the obstacle is removed, the rotary drilling mode is directly restored, the target depth is quickly advanced, and the sample extraction is completed. This seamless design reduces unnecessary interruptions during the obstacle removal process, thereby ensuring that the drilling and sampling operation is completed efficiently, while also improving the quality of sample extraction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a geological exploration sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a geological exploration sampling device based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a drill pipe provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application is clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work also fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0040] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 The embodiment of the present application provides a geological exploration sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Step S101: Drilling starts

[0042] The geological exploration sampling equipment is started, and the formation is drilled by the drill bit 1 at the front end of the drill pipe 2 in a rotary drilling manner; during the drilling process, the running state of the drill pipe 2 is monitored, and when it is detected that the drill pipe 2 is stuck or drilling is blocked, the rotary drilling is stopped and the position of the obstacle is recorded;

[0043] Step S102: Switching to vibration mode

[0044] Switch the drilling mode to the vibration drilling mode, so that the drill bit 1 generates high-frequency vibration, destroys the surface structure of the obstacle and loosens the stratum around the obstacle through vibration, so as to reduce the resistance; during the vibration drilling process, the vibration frequency and amplitude are adjusted, and the preliminary feedback of the vibration signal is collected to monitor the effect of the vibration drilling;

[0045] Step S103: Obstacle recognition

[0046] The multi-sensor module 3 integrating a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic detection device and a vibration signal sensor at the front end of the drill pipe 2 collects and analyzes the pressure change, acoustic wave reflection signal and vibration response in the obstacle area to determine the type of obstacle;

[0047] Step S104: Grouting assistance

[0048] If the obstacle is of a removable type, the grouting device 10 is started to transport the slurry through the grouting channel inside the drill pipe 2 to the grouting micropores 5 at the front end of the drill bit and inject it into the obstacle area; during the grouting process, the grouting pressure and slurry flow rate are dynamically adjusted according to the type of obstacle to assist vibration drilling in removing the obstacle;

[0049] Step S105: Resume drilling and complete sampling

[0050] After the obstacle is removed, the rotary drilling mode of the drill bit is restored, and the drill pipe 2 is continuously advanced until the geological sample extraction at the target depth is completed, and then the drill pipe 2 is withdrawn and the geological sample is collected to complete the sampling operation.

[0051] The embodiment of the present application adopts two drilling modes, rotary drilling and vibration drilling, to achieve the adaptability of geological exploration and sampling equipment to complex formations. When the drill is stuck or blocked during the drilling process, it can switch to the vibration drilling mode and use the high-frequency vibration of the drill bit 1 to destroy the surface structure of the obstacle and loosen the surrounding formations. This method enables the geological exploration and sampling equipment to be flexibly adjusted according to different formation conditions, which not only ensures the drilling efficiency of ordinary formations, but also can effectively remove obstacles and reduce the risk of downtime and drill bit damage caused by obstacles.

[0052] In addition, during the drilling process, by real-time monitoring of the operating status of the drill pipe 2 and recording the location of obstacles, a basis can be provided for vibration drilling so that targeted obstacle removal measures can be taken for blocked areas. This method makes the drilling operation more targeted, avoids energy waste and reduced efficiency caused by blind drilling, thereby improving the effectiveness and stability of the overall operation, and can quickly resume rotary drilling after the obstacle is removed, ensuring the continuity of the drilling process.

[0053] Moreover, the exploration sampling method of the embodiment of the present application simplifies the geological sample extraction process through a reasonable operation process design. After the obstacle is removed, the rotary drilling mode is directly restored, the target depth is quickly advanced, and the sample extraction is completed. This seamless design reduces unnecessary interruptions during the obstacle removal process, thereby ensuring that the drilling sampling operation is completed efficiently, while also improving the quality of sample extraction.

[0054] In some embodiments, the multi-sensor module 3 is integrated into the outer wall of the front end of the drill pipe 2. The multi-sensor module 3 is connected to an external control system 4 through a cable. The control system 4 is also used to switch between the rotary drilling and vibration drilling modes. The cable is fixed on the inner wall of the drill pipe 2. The multi-sensor module 3 includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic detection device, and a vibration signal sensor.

[0055] The pressure sensor is sealed and embedded in the outer shell of the drill pipe 2 to monitor the pressure distribution and changes in the obstacle area;

[0056] The ultrasonic detection device is arranged at a circumferential position of the outer wall of the front end of the drill pipe 2 and is evenly distributed along the circumference of the drill pipe 2. The physical structure of the obstacle is analyzed by transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals.

[0057] The vibration signal sensor is installed on the inner wall of the front end of the drill pipe 2 to monitor the vibration state of the drill bit and the vibration feedback signal of obstacles.

[0058] In the above embodiment, by integrating a multi-sensor module 3 at the front end of the drill pipe 2, the function of real-time monitoring of obstacle characteristics is realized. The multi-sensor module 3 used includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic detection device and a vibration signal sensor, and is arranged in a reasonable layout. Through the use of the pressure sensor, the pressure distribution and dynamic changes in the obstacle area can be collected, thereby reflecting the hardness and density of the obstacle. The ultrasonic detection device is evenly distributed along the circumference of the drill pipe 2, and the internal structural characteristics of the obstacle are obtained by transmitting and receiving reflected signals. The vibration signal sensor is located on the inner wall of the drill pipe 2 to monitor the response of the obstacle to vibration drilling. This design makes full use of the limited space of the drill pipe 2, realizes the coordinated collection of multi-dimensional signals, and provides reliable data support for the accurate identification of obstacles.

[0059] At the same time, the multi-sensor module 3 is connected to the external control system 4 through a cable, forming a stable signal transmission channel. The cable is arranged along the inner wall of the drill pipe 2, which not only avoids external environmental interference, but also ensures the reliability of signal transmission. After receiving the sensor signal, the control system 4 can conduct a comprehensive analysis based on pressure changes, sound wave reflections and vibration response data to determine the type and characteristics of the obstacle. In addition, the connection between the multi-sensor module 3 and the control system 4 also enhances the overall intelligence level of the drilling and sampling equipment. The collected multi-dimensional signals are transmitted to the control system 4 through cables, so that the drilling equipment can perceive the changes in complex formations in real time. This design enables the equipment to have dynamic recognition and rapid response capabilities to obstacles, which can further improve the pertinence and effectiveness of obstacle removal during drilling, while reducing the risk of blind drilling.

[0060] In some embodiments, a vibration drive system is used to make the drill bit 1 generate high-frequency vibrations. The vibration drive system includes a hydraulic pump 81, a hydraulic drive cylinder 82, and a vibration generator 83. Through the setting of the vibration drive system, the high-frequency vibration of the drill bit can be achieved, and the ability of the equipment to break through obstacles can be enhanced. The hydraulic pump 81 provides a high-frequency pulsating hydraulic oil flow to the hydraulic drive cylinder 82 through a pressure oil pipe. The hydraulic drive cylinder 82 is installed in the drill pipe 2 near the drill bit 1. The hydraulic drive cylinder 82 is connected to the vibration generator 83. The hydraulic drive cylinder 82 generates a reciprocating impact force under the action of the pulsating hydraulic oil flow and drives the vibration generator 83 to vibrate the drill bit 1 at a set frequency and amplitude. The vibration generator 83 is connected to the drill bit 1 through a coupling 9, which is used to transmit vibration energy to the drill bit 1, effectively destroy the surface structure of the obstacle and loosen the surrounding strata, thereby reducing drilling resistance and improving obstacle removal efficiency. At the same time, the hydraulic drive cylinder 82 is arranged inside the drill pipe 2 near the drill bit 1, forming a compact drive layout design. This arrangement shortens the vibration force transmission path, while reducing energy loss, reducing the overall size of the equipment, and making the structure more compact. In addition, the connection method between the hydraulic drive cylinder 82 and the vibration generator 83 can ensure the efficient transmission of the vibration force and avoid the attenuation or deviation of the vibration energy during the transmission process. Moreover, the hydraulic pump 81 can flexibly adjust the vibration frequency and amplitude by adjusting the hydraulic oil flow rate and pulsation frequency in the pressure oil pipe, so as to adapt to obstacles of different strengths and types.

[0061] In some embodiments, the vibration generator 83 is connected to the drill bit 1 through an elastic coupling, which can improve the transmission efficiency and stability of the vibration force. The elastic coupling is cylindrical as a whole, and the two ends of the elastic coupling are respectively connected to the vibration generator 83 and the drill bit 1. The elastic coupling includes two rigid connectors and an elastomer located between the two rigid connectors. The elastomer is fixed between the two rigid connectors by mechanical embedding or bonding, which can effectively buffer the vibration impact and efficiently transmit the vibration force to the drill bit 1. The two rigid connectors are respectively connected to the output shaft of the vibration generator 83 and the input end of the drill bit 1. The elastomer is made of high-frequency impact-resistant rubber or polyurethane, which is used to buffer the vibration impact and efficiently transmit the vibration energy to the drill bit 1. This embodiment adopts this structural design, which can not only reduce the energy loss in the vibration transmission process, but also reduce the fatigue damage of the mechanical parts caused by the vibration impact, thereby extending the service life of the equipment.

[0062] In the above embodiment, the two rigid connectors of the elastic coupling are respectively connected to the output shaft of the vibration generator 83 and the input end of the drill bit 1, so as to form a stable transmission path. For the rigid connector, 40Cr alloy steel can be selected to be made, and 40Cr alloy steel has high strength, hardness and toughness, and is suitable for coupling connectors that need to withstand high-frequency vibration and impact force. The elastomer is located between the rigid connectors and is made of rubber or polyurethane materials resistant to high-frequency impact, with good deformation and buffering capacity, such as nitrile rubber can be used to make the material of the elastomer. When the high-frequency vibration generated by the vibration generator 83 is transmitted to the drill bit 1, the elastomer can absorb the overload part in the vibration and evenly disperse the vibration force. This layout can better ensure the smooth transmission of the vibration force, thereby avoiding excessive axial impact or nonlinear vibration of the drill bit 1 under high-frequency vibration. Moreover, the use of the elastomer further reduces the direct mechanical impact between the vibration generator 83 and the drill bit 1, reducing the wear and failure rate of the equipment. In addition, the elastic coupling has a certain degree of flexible adjustment ability while transmitting vibration force, which can adapt to slight eccentricity or misalignment problems that may occur during the drilling process, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the equipment under actual complex working conditions.

[0063] In some embodiments, when vibration drilling is used, the vibration frequency range is 50 Hz to 200 Hz.

[0064] In the above embodiment, by clarifying the frequency range (50Hz to 200Hz) during vibration drilling, a clear technical basis is provided for the adaptability of the equipment under different formation conditions. This frequency range has been designed and verified to cover the obstacle removal needs of most complex formations. The lower frequency (50Hz) is suitable for looser soil layers, providing soft and continuous vibrations to loosen the formations; the higher frequency (200Hz) is suitable for hard rocks or dense obstacles, which are quickly removed through high-frequency vibrations. The frequency range is reasonably designed to meet the vibration requirements under a wide range of formation conditions, while avoiding efficiency losses or equipment damage that may be caused by excessively high or low frequencies. Moreover, under the setting of the vibration frequency range, users can make targeted adjustments to adapt to the specific characteristics of the obstacles.

[0065] In some embodiments, in step S103, when determining the type of obstacle, the pressure distribution and dynamic changes of the obstacle area are collected by the pressure sensor, and the hardness and density of the obstacle are determined according to the pressure change characteristics; the ultrasonic detection device transmits ultrasonic signals and receives reflected signals, and the internal structural characteristics of the obstacle are analyzed according to the propagation time and intensity changes of the reflected signals, including determining whether the obstacle is a homogeneous structure or a multi-layer structure; the vibration signal sensor collects the response signal of the obstacle to the high-frequency vibration of the drill bit, and the material properties of the obstacle are determined according to the attenuation rate and frequency change characteristics of the vibration response; the type of obstacle is determined by combining the analysis results of the pressure signal, the sound wave signal and the vibration signal. Since the analysis of the pressure signal, the ultrasonic signal and the vibration signal are combined in the obstacle identification process, the combination of multiple signals not only makes up for the problem of insufficient information that may exist in a single sensor, but also provides more comprehensive obstacle characteristic information, which helps to improve the accurate judgment of the obstacle type, thereby providing a more accurate basis for the subsequent drilling mode selection. The types of obstacles include rocks, loose soil layers and mixed strata; if it is rock, it is judged as an unbreakable type, drilling is stopped and the drilling position is adjusted; if it is a loose soil layer, it is judged as a loose obstacle and is directly broken through the vibration drilling mode; if it is a mixed stratum, it is judged as a destructible type and is broken through by combining grouting assistance with vibration drilling.

[0066] In practical applications, single signal analysis is easily disturbed by complex geological conditions, such as large fluctuations in pressure signals in loose soil layers, or severe attenuation of ultrasonic signals in high-hardness rocks. The embodiment of the present application can make a more accurate judgment on the type of obstacle by integrating the data characteristics of different sensors through the fusion analysis of multiple signals. For example, the distribution characteristics of the pressure signal can preliminarily distinguish the density of the obstacle, the ultrasonic signal can confirm whether its internal structure is uniform, and the vibration signal can refine its material properties. This analysis method based on multidimensional data significantly improves the reliability and applicability of obstacle type judgment.

[0067] The determination of obstacle types can be used to dynamically adjust the drilling strategy. By determining the type of obstacle (such as rock, loose soil layer or mixed stratum), the drilling and sampling equipment can adopt targeted drilling modes and obstacle removal methods. For example, when the obstacle is a high-hardness rock, the drilling can be stopped and the drilling position can be adjusted; if it is a loose soil layer, it can be directly removed by vibration drilling; if it is a mixed stratum, it can be removed by combining vibration drilling with grouting assistance. This dynamic adjustment method based on obstacle type not only optimizes drilling efficiency, but also effectively avoids the waste of resources and equipment damage caused by blind drilling.

[0068] In some embodiments, during the grouting process of step S104, a soil modifier is added to the slurry used for grouting.

[0069] In the above embodiment, by adding soil modifiers during the grouting process, the ability of the grouting material to break through obstacles can be enhanced. The soil modifier is mixed with the slurry and then injected into the obstacle area, which can fill the cracks and pores of the obstacle and change its physical properties. Specifically, the soil modifier can soften or weaken the overall structure of the obstacle, making it easier to be broken by vibration drilling. At the same time, the grouting material penetrates into the interior of the obstacle and can also reduce the frictional resistance between its surface and the drill bit 1. This design effectively combines the modification function of the soil modifier and the penetration effect of the grouting technology, significantly improving the obstacle removal efficiency under complex formation conditions.

[0070] During the removal process, the modified grouting material can better penetrate the strata around the obstacle, enhance the density and uniformity of the strata, and provide a stable construction environment for subsequent drilling operations. Moreover, the present application adopts a means of combining grouting technology with vibration drilling technology to achieve the enhancement of the synergistic effect of the two obstacle removal methods. During the grouting process, the combination of soil modifier and slurry makes grouting not only limited to the lubrication of obstacles, but also can further enhance the obstacle removal effect under the high-frequency vibration force of vibration drilling. This synergistic effect enhances the loosening efficiency of obstacles through grouting, while reducing the energy consumption and mechanical wear caused by the excessive strength of obstacles during vibration drilling. This efficient and coordinated design enables drilling equipment to show stronger adaptability and continuous obstacle removal capabilities when facing complex obstacles.

[0071] In some embodiments, the soil modifier is a mixture of sodium bentonite and ordinary Portland cement, in which the sodium bentonite accounts for 80-90% and the ordinary Portland cement accounts for 10-20% by weight; at the same time, a lubricant accounting for 1-5% of the total amount of the slurry is added to the grouting slurry, and the lubricant used is polyethylene glycol.

[0072] In this embodiment, by optimizing the formula of the grouting material, introducing a soil modifier (a mixture of sodium bentonite and ordinary Portland cement) during the grouting process, and adding a lubricant, the comprehensive performance of the grouting material can be significantly improved. Sodium bentonite has a strong water absorption and swelling property, which can effectively fill the cracks and pores of the obstacle, thereby weakening the structural integrity of the obstacle. Ordinary Portland cement provides a certain degree of adhesion, so that the slurry can form a preliminary consolidation effect after being injected into the obstacle area. The addition of a lubricant (such as polyethylene glycol) further reduces the friction resistance between the drill bit 1 and the obstacle surface. The reasonable ratio of this material combination not only enhances the obstacle-breaking effect, but also improves the smoothness of the drilling process.

[0073] The weight ratio of the soil modifier is designed to be 80%-90% sodium bentonite and 10%-20% ordinary Portland cement. At the same time, a lubricant accounting for 1%-5% of the total weight of the slurry is added to balance the material properties. The high proportion of 80%-90% bentonite can ensure the fluidity and permeability of the slurry, which is suitable for filling and weakening complex obstacles. The low proportion of 10%-20% cement-based materials avoids excessive consolidation in the obstacle area, keeping the obstacles easy to break. The small amount of lubricant added will not have a significant effect on the filling capacity of the slurry while providing a lubricating effect. This optimized ratio design enables the grouting material to better adapt to different types of obstacles and achieve a more accurate and efficient obstacle-breaking auxiliary function.

[0074] This embodiment also provides a geological exploration sampling device based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification, which is used to implement the geological exploration sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification provided in the above embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the geological prospecting sampling equipment based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification includes a drill bit 1 capable of rotary drilling and vibration drilling, a drill pipe 2 capable of being propelled and rotated under the drive of a driving device is connected to the rear end of the drill bit 1, the drill bit 1 can rotate under the rotation of the drill pipe 2, a multi-sensor module 3 is arranged at the front end of the drill pipe 2, and the multi-sensor module 3 is connected to a control system 4 to judge the type of obstacles;

[0075] The multi-sensor module 3 includes a pressure sensor 31, an ultrasonic detection device 32 and a vibration signal sensor 33. The pressure sensor 31 is used to collect the pressure distribution and dynamic changes in the obstacle area, the ultrasonic detection device 32 is used to transmit ultrasonic signals and receive reflected signals, and the vibration signal sensor 33 is used to collect the response signal of the obstacle to the high-frequency vibration of the drill bit;

[0076] The drill bit 1 can generate high-frequency vibration when driven by the vibration drive system. A grouting channel is provided inside the drill pipe 2 for conveying the slurry conveyed by the grouting equipment 10 to the grouting micropores 5 at the front end of the drill bit 1 .

[0077] In some embodiments, the grouting equipment 10 is fixedly mounted on the base 6 of the geological exploration sampling equipment. The base 6 is a crawler structure. The base 6 includes two crawlers 61 arranged in parallel and a frame 62 arranged between the two crawlers 61. A bracket 7 is provided on the frame 62 and a drill pipe 2 is connected to the bracket 7. The bracket 7 is provided with a driving device capable of driving the drill pipe to advance and rotate. The control system 4 is provided on the frame 62 of the base 6. The grouting equipment 10 and the vibration drive system are both connected to the control system 4 and controlled by the control system 4. The vibration drive system includes a hydraulic pump 81, a hydraulic The hydraulic drive cylinder 82 and the vibration generator 83 are connected, and the hydraulic pump 81 is fixedly installed on the frame 62. The hydraulic pump 81 provides a high-frequency pulsating hydraulic oil flow to the hydraulic drive cylinder 82 through the pressure oil pipe 84. The hydraulic drive cylinder 82 is installed inside the drill pipe 2 near the drill bit 1. The hydraulic drive cylinder 82 is connected to the vibration generator 83. The hydraulic drive cylinder 82 generates a reciprocating impact force under the action of the pulsating hydraulic oil flow and drives the vibration generator 83 to vibrate the drill bit 1 at a set frequency and amplitude. The vibration generator 83 is connected to the drill bit 1 through a coupling 9 to transfer vibration energy to the drill bit 1. Similarly, the method mentioned in the geological exploration sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification given in the above embodiment of the present application can be adopted. The vibration generator 83 is connected to the drill bit 1 through an elastic coupling. The specific content can refer to the description in the above geological exploration sampling method, which will not be repeated here.

[0078] The geological exploration sampling equipment based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification provided in the above embodiment provides comprehensive structural support for the drilling and obstacle removal process. The geological exploration sampling equipment includes core components such as a drill pipe 2, a drill bit 1, a multi-sensor module 3, a vibration drive system and a grouting device 10. The drill bit 1 is the main working component, which is connected to the drill pipe 2 to realize rotary drilling and vibration drilling. The multi-sensor module 3 is located at the front end of the drill pipe 2, and is used to collect the pressure, sound wave reflection signal and vibration response signal of the obstacle in real time, and provide data support for obstacle identification. This overall design realizes a seamless connection from signal acquisition to obstacle removal operation, laying the foundation for the efficient operation of the equipment under complex formation conditions. The slurry is transported from the grouting equipment 10 to the front end of the drill bit 1 through the grouting channel, and is directly injected into the obstacle area through the grouting micropores 5, which can achieve precise grouting. In the geological exploration sampling equipment, the vibration drive system works in conjunction with the multi-sensor module and the grouting equipment to make the drilling process more intelligent and efficient. The data collected by the multi-sensor module 3 is comprehensively analyzed by the control system, providing a reliable basis for the adjustment and application of the vibration drive system and the dynamic control of the grouting system. For example, according to the type of obstacle, the vibration drive system can adjust the vibration frequency and amplitude, while the grouting equipment 10 can adjust the grouting pressure and flow rate. This collaborative design not only improves the adaptability of the equipment under complex formation conditions, but also reduces the risk of resource waste and equipment loss, thereby ensuring the overall efficiency of the drilling and sampling process.

[0079] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A geological exploration sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Drilling Start Start the geological exploration sampling equipment, and drill the formation by rotary drilling through the drill bit at the front end of the drill pipe; during the drilling process, monitor the running status of the drill pipe, and when it is detected that the drill pipe is stuck or drilling is blocked, stop the rotary drilling and record the location of the obstacle; Step 2: Switch to Vibration Mode Switch the drilling mode to vibration drilling mode to make the drill bit generate high-frequency vibration, which destroys the surface structure of the obstacle and loosens the stratum around the obstacle to reduce resistance. During the vibration drilling process, the vibration frequency and amplitude are adjusted and the initial feedback of the vibration signal is collected to monitor the effect of vibration drilling. Step 3: Obstacle Identification The multi-sensor module with integrated pressure sensor, ultrasonic detection device and vibration signal sensor at the front end of the drill pipe collects and analyzes the pressure change, acoustic wave reflection signal and vibration response in the obstacle area to determine the type of obstacle. Step 4: Grouting Assist If the obstacle is of the removable type, start the grouting equipment, transport the slurry through the grouting channel inside the drill pipe to the grouting micropores at the front end of the drill bit, and inject it into the obstacle area; during the grouting process, dynamically adjust the grouting pressure and slurry flow rate based on the type of obstacle to assist vibration drilling in removing the obstacle; Step 5: Resume drilling and complete sampling After the obstacle is removed, the rotary drilling mode of the drill bit is restored and the drill pipe is continued to be advanced until the geological sample extraction at the target depth is completed, and then the drill pipe is withdrawn and the geological sample is collected to complete the sampling operation.

2. The geological exploration sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-sensor module is integrated on the outer wall of the front end of the drill pipe, and the multi-sensor module is connected to an external control system through a cable. The control system is also used to switch between the rotary drilling and vibration drilling modes. The cable is fixed on the inner wall of the drill pipe. The multi-sensor module includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic detection device and a vibration signal sensor; The pressure sensor is sealed and embedded in the outer shell of the drill pipe to monitor the pressure distribution and changes in the obstacle area; The ultrasonic detection device is arranged at a circumferential position on the outer wall of the front end of the drill pipe and is evenly distributed along the circumference of the drill pipe to analyze the physical structure of the obstacle by transmitting and receiving ultrasonic signals; The vibration signal sensor is installed on the inner wall of the front end of the drill pipe and is used to monitor the vibration state of the drill bit and the vibration feedback signal of the obstacle.

3. The geological prospecting sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A vibration drive system is used to make the drill bit generate high-frequency vibration. The vibration drive system includes a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic drive cylinder and a vibration generator. The hydraulic pump provides a high-frequency pulsating hydraulic oil flow to the hydraulic drive cylinder through a pressure oil pipe. The hydraulic drive cylinder is installed in a position close to the drill bit inside the drill pipe. The hydraulic drive cylinder is connected to the vibration generator. Under the action of the pulsating hydraulic oil flow, the hydraulic drive cylinder generates a reciprocating impact force and drives the vibration generator to vibrate the drill bit at a set frequency and amplitude. The vibration generator is connected to the drill bit through a coupling to transmit vibration energy to the drill bit.

4. The geological prospecting sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vibration generator is connected to the drill bit through an elastic coupling. The elastic coupling is cylindrical as a whole. The two ends of the elastic coupling are respectively connected to the vibration generator and the drill bit. The elastic coupling includes two rigid connectors and an elastomer located between the two rigid connectors. The elastomer is fixed between the two rigid connectors by mechanical embedding or bonding. The two rigid connectors are respectively connected to the output shaft of the vibration generator and the input end of the drill bit. The elastomer is made of high-frequency impact-resistant rubber or polyurethane, and is used to buffer vibration impact and efficiently transmit vibration energy to the drill bit.

5. The geological prospecting sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: When vibration drilling is used, the vibration frequency range is 50 Hz to 200 Hz.

6. The geological prospecting sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 3, when determining the type of obstacle, the pressure distribution and dynamic changes in the obstacle area are collected through the pressure sensor, and the hardness and density of the obstacle are determined based on the pressure change characteristics; the ultrasonic detection device transmits ultrasonic signals and receives reflected signals, and the internal structural characteristics of the obstacle are analyzed based on the propagation time and intensity changes of the reflected signals, including determining whether the obstacle is a homogeneous structure or a multi-layer structure; the response signal of the obstacle to the high-frequency vibration of the drill bit is collected through the vibration signal sensor, and the material properties of the obstacle are determined based on the attenuation rate and frequency change characteristics of the vibration response; the type of obstacle is determined by combining the analysis results of the pressure signal, the sound wave signal and the vibration signal; the types of obstacles include rock, loose soil layer and mixed stratum; if it is rock, it is determined to be an unbreakable type, and drilling is stopped and the drilling position is adjusted; if it is a loose soil layer, it is determined to be a loose obstacle and is directly broken through the vibration drilling mode; if it is a mixed stratum, it is determined to be a breakable type and is broken through by combining grouting assistance with vibration drilling.

7. The geological prospecting sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the grouting process of step 4, a soil modifier is added to the slurry used for grouting.

8. The geological prospecting sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification according to claim 7, characterized in that: The soil modifier is a mixture of sodium bentonite and ordinary Portland cement, wherein the sodium bentonite accounts for 80-90% and the ordinary Portland cement accounts for 10-20% by weight; at the same time, a lubricant accounting for 1-5% of the total amount of the grouting slurry is added to the grouting slurry, and the lubricant used is polyethylene glycol.

9. A geological exploration sampling device based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification, characterized in that: A geological prospecting sampling method based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification for implementing any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the geological prospecting sampling equipment comprises a drill bit capable of rotary drilling and vibration drilling, the rear end of the drill bit is connected to a drill pipe capable of being propelled and rotated by a driving device, the drill bit can rotate under the rotation of the drill pipe, the front end of the drill pipe is provided with a multi-sensor module, and the multi-sensor module is connected to a control system for determining the type of obstacle; The multi-sensor module includes a pressure sensor, an ultrasonic detection device and a vibration signal sensor. The pressure sensor is used to collect pressure distribution and dynamic changes in the obstacle area, the ultrasonic detection device is used to transmit ultrasonic signals and receive reflected signals, and the vibration signal sensor is used to collect the response signal of the obstacle to the high-frequency vibration of the drill bit; The drill bit can generate high-frequency vibration when driven by a vibration drive system. A grouting channel is arranged inside the drill pipe for conveying the slurry conveyed by the grouting equipment to the grouting micropores at the front end of the drill bit.

10. The geological prospecting sampling equipment based on vibration drilling and obstacle identification according to claim 9, characterized in that: The grouting equipment is fixedly mounted on the base of the geological exploration sampling equipment. The base is a crawler structure. The base includes two crawlers arranged in parallel and a frame arranged between the two crawlers. A bracket is provided on the frame and a drill pipe is connected through the bracket. A driving device capable of driving the drill pipe to advance and rotate is provided on the bracket. The control system is arranged on the frame of the base. The grouting equipment and the vibration drive system are both connected to the control system and controlled by the control system. The vibration drive system includes a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic drive cylinder and a vibration generator. The hydraulic pump is fixedly mounted on the frame. The hydraulic pump provides a high-frequency pulsating hydraulic oil flow to the hydraulic drive cylinder through a pressure oil pipe. The hydraulic drive cylinder is installed in the drill pipe near the drill bit. The hydraulic drive cylinder is connected to the vibration generator. The hydraulic drive cylinder generates a reciprocating impact force under the action of the pulsating hydraulic oil flow and drives the vibration generator to vibrate the drill bit at a set frequency and amplitude at a high frequency. The vibration generator is connected to the drill bit through a coupling to transmit vibration energy to the drill bit.

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