Active aerosol filtering device

Abstract

The invention relates to an active aerosol filtering device which comprises a filter body and a radiator, the filter body is arranged in a containment of a nuclear power plant, the filter body comprises a plurality of adsorption pipes exposed in the containment of the nuclear power plant, and a circulation gap is formed between every two adjacent adsorption pipes. The side face, facing the circulation gap, of the adsorption pipe is arranged to be an outwards-protruding curvature face, and a heat exchange medium used for adsorbing heat is arranged in the adsorption pipe. The radiator is arranged outside the containment of the nuclear power plant, the position of the radiator is higher than that of the filter body, the radiator is connected with the filter body through a first pipeline and a second pipeline, and the radiator, the first pipeline, the filter body and the second pipeline are sequentially connected to form a circulation loop of a heat exchange medium. When the active aerosol filtering device is applied to the containment of the nuclear power plant, a large amount of leaked radioactive aerosol is adsorbed and deposited by the adsorption tube of the filter body when the nuclear power plant has an accident, so that the accident risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aerosol filtration, and more specifically, to an active aerosol filtration device used in a large space of a nuclear power plant containment vessel and other similar scenarios. Background Art

[0002] The containment of a nuclear power plant is an important barrier to nuclear safety. When an accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, the boundary of the reactor's primary circuit is often damaged. Radioactive aerosols are entrained by the primary circuit coolant and released from the damaged primary circuit into the containment of the nuclear power plant. The containment of the nuclear power plant plays a role in preventing and delaying the release of radioactive aerosols to the external environment. However, in some major accidents, as radioactive aerosols continue to leak from the primary circuit, the air pressure and temperature in the containment of the nuclear power plant continue to rise. Under the influence of excessive air pressure and temperature, the radioactive aerosols will break through the restrictions of the containment of the nuclear power plant and leak into the external environment, eventually causing a large-scale leakage of radioactive materials. In order to prevent the large-scale release of radioactive materials under accidents, it is necessary to reduce the concentration of radioactive aerosols in the containment of the nuclear power plant when an accident occurs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device that can remove radioactive aerosols in the containment of a nuclear power plant. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide an active aerosol filtering device to address the above-mentioned defects of the prior art. In the event of an accident, the device actively operates to remove radioactive aerosols in the containment of a nuclear power plant, thereby preventing large-scale release of radioactive substances into the environment.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present application to solve the technical problem is: construct an active aerosol filtering device, which is applied to the containment of a nuclear power plant, including:

[0005] A filter body is arranged inside the containment of the nuclear power plant, the filter body comprises a plurality of adsorption tubes exposed inside the containment of the nuclear power plant, a flow gap is formed between adjacent adsorption tubes, a side of the adsorption tube facing the flow gap is arranged as a convex curvature surface, and a heat exchange medium for adsorbing heat is arranged inside the adsorption tube;

[0006] A radiator is arranged outside the containment vessel of the nuclear power plant, and the position of the radiator is higher than the position of the filter body. The radiator is connected to the filter body through a first pipeline and a second pipeline respectively. The radiator, the first pipeline, the filter body and the second pipeline are connected in sequence to form a circulation loop of the heat exchange medium.

[0007] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the adsorption tube is elliptical.

[0008] In some embodiments, a plurality of reducers are disposed in front of the filter body, and an outlet of each reducer faces one of the flow gaps.

[0009] In some embodiments, the radiator is a water tank.

[0010] In some embodiments, the radiator includes a first water tank and a second water tank, the first water tank and the second water tank are connected by a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is arranged on the upper part of the first water tank and the second water tank.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first water tank and the second water tank are both provided with openings at the top.

[0012] In some embodiments, the active aerosol filtering device further includes a sprayer, which includes a spray pipe, a spray valve disposed on the spray pipe, and a spray head disposed at the end of the spray pipe.

[0013] In some embodiments, the spray valve is filled with paraffin wax, and the melting point of the paraffin wax is between 47°C and 64°C.

[0014] In some embodiments, the spray pipe is connected to the lower part of the water tank.

[0015] In some embodiments, a waste liquid collector is disposed below the filter body.

[0016] The implementation of the present application has at least the following beneficial effects: the present application is applied to the containment of a nuclear power plant in an active aerosol filtering device. When an accident occurs in the nuclear power plant, radioactive aerosols are released into the air in the containment of the nuclear power plant along with high-temperature water vapor. When the radioactive aerosols and water vapor diffuse around the filter body, heat exchange occurs with the adsorption tube, and the high-temperature water vapor is condensed and deposited on the surface of the adsorption tube with a large amount of radioactive aerosols. After the heat exchange, the temperature of the heat exchange medium in the adsorption tube increases and the density decreases, and it flows upward into the radiator. At the same time, the heat exchange medium with a lower temperature in the radiator flows downward into the adsorption tube, ensuring that the temperature of the adsorption tube can continuously condense the high-temperature water vapor; after the water vapor and the radioactive aerosol are adsorbed, negative pressure is generated around the adsorption tube, and the negative pressure causes the air in the containment of the nuclear power plant to continuously flow to the adsorption tube, and the radioactive aerosols in the air are adsorbed and deposited by the adsorption tube in large quantities, thereby realizing active removal of the radioactive aerosols in the containment of the nuclear power plant; at the same time, the airflow enters the flow gap between the adsorption tubes to generate a Coanda effect, and the airflow flows along the outer surface of the adsorption tube, thereby improving the condensation efficiency of water vapor and the deposition efficiency of radioactive aerosols. The active aerosol filtering device of the present application is applied to the containment of a nuclear power plant. When an accident occurs in the nuclear power plant, the leaked radioactive aerosol is adsorbed and deposited in large quantities by the filter body, thereby reducing the risk of the accident. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an active aerosol filtering device provided in some embodiments of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The structural diagram of the filter body;

[0020] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic cross-section of the filter body.

[0021] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0022] Nuclear power plant containment 10;

[0023] Filter body 100, adsorption tube 110, first pipeline 200, radiator 300, first water tank 310, second water tank 320, connecting pipe 330, second pipeline 400, sprayer 500, spray pipe 510, spray head 520, spray valve 530, waste liquid collector 600, and tapered pipe 700. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present application, the specific implementation methods of the present application are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application. However, the present application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without violating the connotation of the present application, so the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings or the orientations or positional relationships in which the products of the present application are usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0026] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0027] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0028] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0029] Figures 1 to 3 Active aerosol filtering devices in some embodiments of the present application are shown. The active aerosol filtering devices of the present application are applied to the containment vessel 10 of a nuclear power plant to cope with accidents in the nuclear power plant.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, the active aerosol filtering device of the present application includes a filter body 100 and a radiator 300 .

[0031] Specifically, Figure 1 As shown, the filter body 100 is disposed inside the containment vessel 10 of the nuclear power plant, and the filter body 100 includes a plurality of adsorption tubes 110 exposed inside the containment vessel 10 of the nuclear power plant. In some embodiments, the adsorption tubes 110 are arranged in sequence, and a flow gap is formed between adjacent adsorption tubes 110, and the side of the adsorption tube 110 facing the flow gap is set as a convex curvature surface, so that the airflow flowing through the flow gap produces a Coanda effect. Further, as Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the cross-sectional shape of the adsorption tube 110 can be an ellipse, so as to enhance the Coanda effect of the airflow flowing through the surface of the adsorption tube 110 and increase the heat exchange area, thereby improving the condensation efficiency of water vapor and the deposition efficiency of radioactive aerosols; however, it should be noted that the cross-sectional shape of the adsorption tube 110 is not limited to an ellipse, and the cross-sectional shape of the adsorption tube 110 can also be other shapes with a convex curvature surface. In addition, a heat exchange medium for adsorbing heat is arranged inside the adsorption tube 110. When the airflow flows near the adsorption tube 110, the airflow will pass through the adsorption tube 110 and exchange heat with the heat exchange medium inside the adsorption tube 110. In some embodiments, the heat exchange medium can be water at room temperature. Water has a large specific heat, low cost, and is easy to obtain in large quantities. It is an excellent heat exchange medium; however, it should be noted that the heat exchange medium in the present application is not limited to water and is not limited to liquids. The heat exchange medium can also be other heat exchange media such as oil. As long as the same heat exchange function can be achieved, it is within the protection scope of the present application.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the radiator 300 is arranged outside the containment vessel 10 of the nuclear power plant, and the position of the radiator 300 is higher than the position of the filter body 100. The radiator 300 can be a water tank or other container for holding a heat exchange medium. At the same time, the radiator 300 also has a structure for the heat exchange medium to exchange heat with the outside world, so as to release the heat absorbed by the heat exchange medium to the outside world. The radiator 300 is connected to the filter body 100 through the first pipeline 200 and the second pipeline 400 respectively. The radiator 300, the first pipeline 200, the filter body 100 and the second pipeline 400 are connected in sequence to form a circulation loop of the heat exchange medium.

[0033] When a primary coolant leakage accident occurs in a nuclear power plant, high-temperature and high-pressure coolant (generally high-temperature steam at 280°C-350°C) carries radioactive aerosols and is released into the air in the containment vessel 10 of the nuclear power plant. When the radioactive aerosols and high-temperature water vapor diffuse to the vicinity of the filter body 100, heat exchange occurs with the adsorption tube 110, and the high-temperature water vapor is condensed and deposited on the surface of the adsorption tube 110 with the radioactive aerosols. After the heat exchange, the water in the adsorption tube 110 can be heated to increase by several tens of degrees Celsius. The water temperature increases and the density decreases, and it flows upward into the radiator 300. At the same time, the water with a lower temperature (normal temperature) and a higher density in the radiator 300 flows downward into the filter body 100 and enters each adsorption tube 110, ensuring that the temperature of the adsorption tube 110 can continuously condense the high-temperature water vapor. The circulating flow of water between the filter body 100 and the radiator 300 utilizes the filter body 100 and the radiator 300. The natural circulation formed by the positional relationship of the heater 300 and the temperature difference and density difference of the water can be carried out spontaneously without setting up a power mechanism and a control mechanism, thereby simplifying the structure, reducing costs, and improving the reliability of the device; after the water vapor and the radioactive aerosol are deposited on the surface of the adsorption tube 110 and adsorbed, a negative pressure is generated around the adsorption tube 110, and the negative pressure causes the air in the containment vessel 10 of the nuclear power plant to continuously flow to the adsorption tube 110, and the radioactive aerosol in the air is adsorbed and deposited in large quantities by the adsorption tube 110, thereby realizing active removal of the radioactive aerosol in the containment vessel 10 of the nuclear power plant; at the same time, the airflow enters the flow gap between the adsorption tubes 110 to generate a Coanda effect, and the airflow flows along the outer surface of the adsorption tube 110, thereby improving the condensation efficiency of the water vapor and the deposition efficiency of the radioactive aerosol, and the Coanda effect further strengthens the negative pressure effect in the middle of the flow gap, thereby better sucking the air outside the filter body 100 into the vicinity of the adsorption tube 110.

[0034] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, a plurality of reducers 700 are arranged in front of the filter body 100, and the outlet of each reducer 700 faces a flow gap. The arrangement of the reducer 700 can increase the inhalation flow rate and improve the efficiency of the active aerosol filtering device; at the same time, the airflow flowing through the reducer 700 forms a jet and enters the flow gap more accurately to enhance the Coanda effect, improve the condensation efficiency of water vapor and the deposition efficiency of radioactive aerosol.

[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, in order to allow the airflow to stably flow along the outer surface of the adsorption tube 110, the central tangent angle of the two adsorption tubes 110 does not exceed 30°.

[0036] like Figure 1As shown, in some embodiments, the radiator 300 may include a first water tank 310 and a second water tank 320, wherein the bottom of the first water tank 310 is connected to the first pipeline 200, and the bottom of the second water tank 320 is connected to the second pipeline 400, and the first water tank 310 and the second water tank 320 are connected by a connecting pipe 330, and the connecting pipe 330 is arranged on the upper part of the first water tank 310 and the second water tank 320. Further, the upper part of the first water tank 310 and the second water tank 320 are both provided with an opening, so that the heat exchange medium inside the first water tank 310 and the second water tank 320 can fully contact the outside atmosphere for heat exchange. By providing two or more water tanks, the heat exchange medium in the radiator 300 can have a more sufficient heat exchange time with the outside air, so that the heat exchange medium can be more fully cooled, ensuring that the water temperature in the water tank is always lower than the temperature of the water inside the adsorption tube 110, and providing a "driving force" for the circulation of water between the filter body 100 and the radiator 300.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, the active aerosol filtering device further includes a sprayer 500, which is installed in the containment shell 10 of the nuclear power plant, and the sprayer 500 is located below the radiator 300 and above the filter body 100. The sprayer 500 includes a spray pipe 510, a spray valve 530 arranged on the spray pipe 510, and a spray head 520 arranged at the end of the spray pipe 510. In this embodiment, the spray pipe 510 can be connected to a water tank, and the water tank in the radiator 300 provides water for spraying to the sprayer 500; in addition, in other embodiments, the spray pipe 510 can also be connected to a tap water pipe or other water storage container. The opening of the sprayer 500 is controlled by the spray valve 530. When the spray valve 530 is opened, the water in the water tank naturally flows to the spray head 520 in the sprayer 500 through the height difference, and then sprays to the filter body 100 through the spray head 520. This process does not require additional mechanical power. When the sprayer 500 sprays water toward the filter body 100 , on the one hand, it can flush away the aerosol deposited on the surface of the adsorption tube 110 of the filter body 100 , and on the other hand, it can effectively remove the suspended aerosol in the air near the filter body 100 to improve the efficiency of removing radioactive aerosols.

[0038] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the spray valve 530 is filled with paraffin wax, and the melting point of the paraffin wax is between 47° C. and 64° C. When the nuclear power plant is operating normally, the air temperature in the containment vessel 10 of the nuclear power plant is 0-40° C., the paraffin wax is solid, and the spray valve 530 is in a closed state; when an accident occurs in the nuclear power plant, high-temperature water vapor flows to the vicinity of the spray valve 530 and heats it (up to 120° C.), the paraffin wax melts, and the spray valve 530 is automatically opened.

[0039] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the flow rate of the sprinkler 500 is about 3 L / h, and the total volume of all water tanks of the radiator 300 is greater than or equal to 200 m 3 After the sprinkler was turned on for 30 days, the water in the water tank only decreased by 2.2m 3 , ensuring that the sprinkler 500 can work for a long time until the nuclear accident is completely alleviated and the nuclear power plant reaches a safe and controllable state.

[0040] Furthermore, in some embodiments, a waste liquid collector 600 is disposed below the filter body 100 , and the waste liquid collector 600 is used to collect waste liquid after spraying to prevent the waste liquid containing radioactive aerosols from spreading.

[0041] It can be understood that the above-mentioned technical features can be used in any combination without limitation.

[0042] The above embodiments only express the specific implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present application, the above-mentioned technical features can be freely combined, and several deformations and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications made to the scope of the claims of the present application should belong to the scope covered by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An active aerosol filtering device, applied to the containment of a nuclear power plant, characterized in that: include: A filter body is arranged inside the containment of the nuclear power plant, the filter body comprises a plurality of adsorption tubes exposed inside the containment of the nuclear power plant, a flow gap is formed between adjacent adsorption tubes, a side of the adsorption tube facing the flow gap is arranged as a convex curvature surface, and a heat exchange medium for adsorbing heat is arranged inside the adsorption tube; A radiator is arranged outside the containment vessel of the nuclear power plant, and the position of the radiator is higher than the position of the filter body. The radiator is connected to the filter body through a first pipeline and a second pipeline respectively. The radiator, the first pipeline, the filter body and the second pipeline are connected in sequence to form a circulation loop of the heat exchange medium.

2. The active aerosol filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sectional shape of the adsorption tube is elliptical.

3. The active aerosol filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of reducers are arranged in front of the filter body, and an outlet of each reducer faces one of the flow gaps.

4. The active aerosol filtering device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiator is a water tank.

5. The active aerosol filtering device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The radiator includes a first water tank and a second water tank. The first water tank and the second water tank are connected via a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe is arranged on the upper part of the first water tank and the second water tank.

6. The active aerosol filtering device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first water tank and the second water tank are both provided with openings at their upper parts.

7. The active aerosol filtering device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The active aerosol filtering device further comprises a sprayer, which comprises a spray pipe, a spray valve arranged on the spray pipe, and a spray head arranged at the end of the spray pipe.

8. The active aerosol filtering device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The interior of the spray valve is filled with paraffin.

9. The active aerosol filtering device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spray pipe is connected to the lower part of the water tank.

10. The active aerosol filtering device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A waste liquid collector is arranged below the filter body.

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