Automatic transmission device and method for crane under I-beam annular route

Abstract

The invention relates to a crane automatic transmission device and method under an I-shaped beam annular route, the crane automatic transmission device comprises a crane bin and an I-shaped beam, the I-shaped beam comprises a first linear end distributed in the Y-axis direction and a second linear end distributed in the X-axis direction, and a connecting bend is arranged between the first linear end and the second linear end; a power input mechanism is arranged at the top of the crane bin and comprises a first driving gear, a second driving gear, a power shaft and a power motor, the first driving gear can be matched with the first rack track, and the second driving gear can be matched with the second rack track. The device is used for smooth turning of a crane annular route in a limited space, the resistance of a current crane under a small turning radius is reduced, the reliability of a crane system is improved, and the device is a key component in indoor crane transmission equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to mechanical design, and in particular to an automatic transmission device and method for a crane under an I-beam circular route. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the further development of industrialization, especially after the industrial economy has shifted from extensive to intensive mode, modern equipment has also developed in the direction of large-scale, complex, process automation, continuity, high speed, precision, etc. In order to cope with the problems that often arise during equipment transformation and upgrading and production line technical transformation, the design of automatic transmission solutions for cranes in limited space is the key link to solve the above problems.

[0003] After massive searches, it was found that the prior art publication number is CN211569888U, which discloses a crane beam, specifically a crane beam mechanism for a crane beam structure. In order to solve the technical problem that the crane beam is not easy to install due to the left and right shaking, a limit mechanism is adopted. The limit mechanism includes a support block, a guide rod and a slider, and the top of the support block is vertically provided with a guide rod. In addition, a clamping groove is provided at the intersection of the bottom surface and the side of the crane beam, and the clamping groove is symmetrically arranged on the bottom surface of the crane beam and on both sides along the direction of the walking track; the bottom surface of the crane beam is provided with a baffle for shielding or opening the bottom opening of the clamping groove, the baffle is strip-shaped and the middle part of the baffle is rotatably installed on the bottom surface of the crane beam; the baffle is manually rotated to make the end of the baffle limit the slider in the clamping groove, and move up and down synchronously with the crane beam; in this way, the problem of the crane beam shaking left and right when it is suspended is solved, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the installation of the crane beam.

[0004] At present, indoor crane equipment has low automation level, large manual operation, many human unstable factors, low efficiency and low economic benefits. In particular, when the crane is changing production processes, manual pushing is used to realize the movement of different workstations of the crane, which not only affects production efficiency, but also considers that the intervention of operators will have a great impact on the working environment of the sterile production workshop. At the same time, the structure and I-beam track design of conventional cranes reduce the passability of the crane at the track turning point. When the outline of a conventional crane is approximately rectangular, the circular track has poor passability. In addition to overcoming the resistance of the crane, the power mechanism also needs to overcome the additional resistance of the eccentric load in the direction of movement. The smaller the turning radius, the greater the component force of the eccentric load in the direction of movement. Therefore, the crane movement mechanism needs to be optimized; secondly, when the crane power transmission system adopts rack and pinion meshing, the rack tooth direction at the bend needs to be changed 90 degrees within a limited space, and the gear axis must also be changed 90 degrees along the bend. This design has very high requirements on the fatigue strength of the rack and pinion and the rigidity of the power shaft. Even if the predetermined design purpose can be achieved, the gears will frequently suffer from fatigue tooth breakage, plastic deformation or bonding. It is necessary to reconsider the power transmission scheme to reduce the resistance of the crane at the bend and improve the passability of the crane circular track while ensuring the normal meshing of the rack and pinion.

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects, the designer actively carried out research and innovation in order to create an automatic transmission device and method for a crane under an I-beam circular route, so as to make it more valuable for industrial use. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention integrates mechanical principles, mechanical design and optimization technology and automatic control technology to design an automatic transmission solution for cranes under I-beam circular routes which has a simple structure, is easy to operate, is green and environmentally friendly, and has broad prospects.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] One of the purposes of the present invention:

[0009] An automatic transmission device for a crane under an I-beam circular route, comprising a crane cabin and an I-beam, wherein the I-beam comprises a first straight end distributed along a Y-axis direction and a second straight end distributed along an X-axis direction, and a connecting curve is arranged between the first straight end and the second straight end;

[0010] Slideways are arranged on both sides of the first straight end, the connecting curve and the upper half of the second straight end, a first rack track is installed on the first straight end and the lower half of the connecting curve, and a second rack track is installed on the lower half of the connecting curve and the second straight end, and the first rack track is located above the second rack track;

[0011] The top of the crane cabin is equipped with boom brackets all around, a crossbeam is installed on the inner side of the top of the boom bracket, and the inner side of the crossbeam is connected to the slideway through a second bearing;

[0012] A power input mechanism is arranged on the top of the crane warehouse, and the power input mechanism includes a first driving gear, a second driving gear, a power shaft and a power motor. The power motor is installed on the top of the crane warehouse, and the driving end of the power motor is connected to the power shaft on the top. The first driving gear and the second driving gear are installed on the power shaft in sequence from top to bottom. The first driving gear can be adapted to the first rack track, and the second driving gear can be adapted to the second rack track.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the bottom of the boom bracket is connected to the crane cabin through a first bearing.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the first bearing is a tapered roller bearing.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the second bearing is a spherical roller bearing.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the racks on the first rack track and the second rack track are arranged vertically.

[0017] The second purpose of the present invention is:

[0018] A method for automatically transmitting a crane on an I-beam circular route comprises the following steps in sequence:

[0019] Step 1: Initially, the crane cabin is located at the first straight end, the driving end of the power motor drives the power shaft at the top to rotate and drives the first driving gear and the second driving gear on the power shaft to rotate, and the first driving gear moves along the negative direction of the Y axis on the first rack track, thereby driving the crane cabin to move along the negative direction of the Y axis;

[0020] Step 2: When the crane cabin moves to the connecting curve, the second driving gear begins to contact the second rack track;

[0021] Step 3: When the crane cabin leaves the connecting curve and moves to the second straight end, the second driving gear moves along the negative direction of the X-axis on the first rack track, thereby driving the crane cabin to move along the negative direction of the X-axis.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 2, when the crane cabin moves to the connecting curve, the first driving gear is still on the first rack track.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, during the entire movement of the crane cabin, the inner side of the crossbeam follows the movement in the slideway through the second bearing.

[0024] By means of the above scheme, the present invention has at least the following advantages:

[0025] The invention is used for smooth turning of the circular route of the crane in a limited space, reduces the resistance of the current crane under a small turning radius, improves the reliability of the crane system, and is a key component in the transmission equipment of the indoor crane;

[0026] The present invention uses spherical roller bearings to reduce the torque added to the shaft when the crane passes through a curve, thereby improving the passability of the entire vehicle.

[0027] The present invention solves the problem that when a crane passes through a curve, the torsion angles of the inner and outer shafts on the same horizontal line are different due to the influence of the curve, thereby ensuring that the crane passes smoothly through the curve and avoiding the instability of the crane cabin caused by the different rotation speeds of the inner and outer shafts, thereby improving the precise engagement of the power meshing mechanism (gear rack);

[0028] The present invention solves the problem that the center distance of the gear rack will change due to the insufficient rigidity of the cross beam causing the lateral deformation of the shaft, the elastic deformation caused by the axial load of the column, and the large load distribution unevenness between the tooth direction and the teeth when the gear rack is meshing, the gear rack meshing accuracy is reduced, the power of the whole vehicle is limited, especially when the radius of the curve is small, the lack of power will make it difficult for the whole vehicle to pass through the curve;

[0029] The present invention solves the problem of keeping the distance between the center of the power shaft and the center of the track unchanged, thereby ensuring that the center distance of the gear rack remains unchanged and realizing accurate meshing of the gear rack;

[0030] The present invention solves the pitching and swaying problems that occur when the crane cabin moves, ensures the correct meshing of the gear rack tooth direction and the teeth, and avoids the occurrence of additional loads;

[0031] The present invention solves the problems of large resistance moment, poor mechanism reliability, insufficient power, etc. when the crane as a whole passes through a 90-degree turn, thereby achieving better passability of the whole vehicle.

[0032] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0034] Figure 1The invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of an automatic transmission device for a crane under an I-beam circular route.

[0035] The meanings of the various reference numerals in the figures are as follows.

[0036] Crane warehouse 1, first bearing 2, boom bracket 3, I-beam 4, second bearing 5, crossbeam 6, first rack rail 7, second rack rail 8, first driving gear 9, second driving gear 10, power shaft 11. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0038] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiment of the present invention generally described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations. Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents the selected embodiment of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] Example

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown,

[0041] One of the purposes of the present invention:

[0042] An automatic transmission device for a crane in an I-beam circular route comprises a crane cabin 1 and an I-beam 4. The I-beam 4 comprises a first straight end distributed along the Y-axis direction and a second straight end distributed along the X-axis direction. A connecting curve is arranged between the first straight end and the second straight end.

[0043] Slideways are arranged on both sides of the first straight end, the connecting curve and the upper half of the second straight end, a first rack rail 7 is installed on the lower half of the first straight end and the connecting curve, a second rack rail 8 is installed on the lower half of the connecting curve and the second straight end, and the first rack rail 7 is located above the second rack rail 8, and the racks on the first rack rail 7 and the second rack rail 8 are arranged vertically.

[0044] The top of the crane cabin 1 is equipped with boom brackets 3 all around, and a crossbeam 6 is installed on the inner side of the top of the boom bracket 3. The inner side of the crossbeam 6 is connected to the slideway through the second bearing 5, and the second bearing 5 is a spherical roller bearing. When the crane passes through a curve, due to the rigidity of the overall structure of the crane, the center of the bearing and the track surface are slightly offset; in order to ensure that the axis is parallel to the track surface, this design uses a spherical roller bearing, which reduces the torque added to the axis of the crane when passing through the curve and improves the passability of the whole vehicle.

[0045] A power input mechanism is arranged on the top of the crane warehouse 1, and the power input mechanism includes a first driving gear 9, a second driving gear 10, a power shaft 11 and a power motor. The power motor is installed on the top of the crane warehouse 1, and the driving end of the power motor is connected to the power shaft 11 on the top. The first driving gear 9 and the second driving gear 10 are installed on the power shaft 11 from top to bottom in sequence. The first driving gear 9 can be adapted to the first rack rail 7, and the second driving gear 10 can be adapted to the second rack rail 8.

[0046] The bottom of the boom bracket 3 is connected to the crane silo 1 through the first bearing 2, and the first bearing 2 is a tapered roller bearing. When the crane passes through a curve, the torsion angles of the inner and outer shafts on the same horizontal line are different due to the influence of the curve. In order to reduce the shaft torque and reduce the additional load when the gear rack is engaged, the design column and the crane silo use tapered roller bearings to ensure that the crane passes smoothly when passing through the curve, avoiding the instability of the crane silo caused by the different rotation speeds of the inner and outer shafts, thereby improving the precise engagement of the power meshing mechanism (gear rack).

[0047] When the rack teeth are arranged horizontally, the center distance of the gear rack will change, and there will be a large load imbalance between the tooth direction and the teeth when the gear rack is meshing, which will reduce the meshing accuracy of the gear rack and limit the power of the vehicle. Especially when the radius of the curve is small, the vehicle will find it difficult to pass the curve due to insufficient power. For this reason, this design adopts a vertical rack arrangement. During the gear rack transmission process, first of all, it is necessary to ensure that the distance between the center of the power shaft and the center of the track remains unchanged, thereby ensuring that the center distance of the gear rack remains unchanged and the gear rack is accurately meshed. Secondly, it is necessary to ensure that the crane cabin does not pitch or sway, so as to ensure that the gear rack teeth and the teeth are correctly meshed and avoid additional loads.

[0048] The second purpose of the present invention is:

[0049] A method for automatically transmitting a crane on an I-beam circular route comprises the following steps in sequence:

[0050] Step 1: Initially, the crane cabin 1 is located at the first straight end. The driving end of the power motor drives the top power shaft 11 to rotate and drives the first driving gear 9 and the second driving gear 10 on the power shaft 11 to rotate. The first driving gear 9 moves along the negative direction of the Y axis on the first rack track 7, thereby driving the crane cabin 1 to move along the negative direction of the Y axis.

[0051] Step 2: When the crane cabin 1 moves to the connecting bend, the second driving gear 10 begins to contact the second rack track 8. In step 2, when the crane cabin 1 moves to the connecting bend, the first driving gear 9 is still on the first rack track 7.

[0052] Step 3: When the crane cabin 1 leaves the connecting curve and moves to the second straight end, the second driving gear 10 moves along the negative direction of the X-axis on the first rack track 7, thereby driving the crane cabin 1 to move along the negative direction of the X-axis.

[0053] During the whole movement of the crane cabin 1, the inner side of the cross beam 6 moves along in the slideway through the second bearing 5.

[0054] The first embodiment of the present invention:

[0055] An automatic transmission device for a crane under an I-beam circular route includes a crane cabin 1, a first bearing 2, a boom bracket 3, an I-beam 4, a second bearing 5, a crossbeam 6, a first rack track 7, a second rack track 8, a first driving gear 9, a second driving gear 10 and a power shaft 11. The first bearing 2, i.e., the outer ring of the spherical roller bearing, is welded to the upper end cover of the crane, and the inner ring is connected to the boom bracket 3. The second bearing 5, i.e., the spherical roller bearing, is connected to the I-beam through a rolling pair, and rolling friction replaces sliding friction, which effectively reduces the travel resistance of the system. The crossbeam 6 is connected to the inner ring of the spherical roller bearing, and the outer ring and the I-beam form a rolling pair, which effectively reduces the slight offset between the bearing center and the track surface caused by the rigidity of the overall structure of the crane, reduces the torque added to the shaft of the crane when passing through a curve, and improves the passability of the entire vehicle.

[0056] When the crane is on a route with a small turning radius, when the front beam passes through the turn, the rear beam is on the turning route. At this time, the boom bracket will rotate slightly due to the rolling pair of the bearing, thereby reducing the large torsional torque on the boom bracket and the beam, ensuring the passability of the entire crane cabin in the bend.

[0057] In the power input mechanism, the first driving gear 9 and the second driving gear 10 are connected to the power shaft 11, the first driving gear 9 and the first rack track 7 form a meshing pair, and the second driving gear 10 and the second rack track 8 form a meshing pair. When the axis of the integrated driving gear is arranged horizontally, there is a large uneven load distribution in the tooth direction and between the teeth, the meshing accuracy of the gear rack is reduced, and the power of the whole vehicle is limited. Especially when the radius of the curve is small, the vehicle will find it difficult to pass the curve due to insufficient power. This design adopts a vertical rack arrangement. During the gear rack transmission process, first of all, it is necessary to ensure that the distance between the center of the power shaft and the center of the track remains unchanged, thereby ensuring that the center distance of the gear rack remains unchanged and the gear rack is accurately meshed; secondly, it is necessary to ensure that the crane cabin does not pitch or sway, so as to ensure that the gear rack tooth direction and the teeth are correctly meshed and avoid additional loads.

[0058] The first driving gear 9 is designed to mesh with the first rack track 7, and the second driving gear 10 is designed to mesh with the second rack track 8; when the first driving gear 9 is meshed with the first rack track 7, due to the height difference between the second driving gear 10 and the I-beam track surface, when the power shaft rotates, the second driving gear 10 does not interfere with the track, and does not affect the meshing output power of the first driving gear 9 and the first rack track 7. The relative distance between the first rack track 7 and the second rack track 8 at the right-angle bend of the lower web of the I-beam is adjusted to ensure that when the first driving gear 9 ends meshing with the first rack track 7, the second driving gear 10 enters meshing, thereby ensuring that the power output mechanism passes flexibly at the bend; when the second driving gear 10 is meshed with the second rack track 8, similarly, at this time, due to the height difference between the first driving gear 9 and the I-beam track surface, the first driving gear 9 does not interfere with the track surface.

[0059] The working principle of the present invention is briefly described as follows:

[0060] Specifically, the following steps are included: after the power shaft 11 obtains the torque transmitted by the power motor, the power shaft torque is transmitted to the meshing force between the rack and the gear through the meshing pair composed of the active gear and the rack; because the active input mechanism is connected to the crane cabin 1, the rack is fixed on the I-beam track, and under the action of the meshing force, the crane cabin 1 moves along. When the crane cabin 1 moves, the spherical roller bearing installed on the end of the crossbeam close to the I-beam provides a guiding force to the crane load follower mechanism along the I-beam track, ensuring the reverse movement of the whole vehicle. When the crane passes through the I-beam curve, due to the action of the circumferential roller bearings at the upper and lower ends of the boom bracket, the boom bracket will rotate slightly, reducing the additional torque generated by the space limitation of the front and rear beams of the whole vehicle. At the same time, the spherical roller bearings not only realize the rolling movement of the whole vehicle along the I-beam, but also ensure the meshing accuracy of the gear rack, thereby improving the transmission efficiency and the passability of the whole vehicle. This invention improves the smoothness, passability and reliability of the crane turning on the I-beam circular route, promotes the transformation and upgrading of indoor space crane transmission equipment, and provides important theoretical basis and practical value for the application of cranes in freeze-drying, preservation, spraying and other fields.

[0061] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and the like are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly referring to the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", and the like may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0062] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection: it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that a person skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic transmission device for a crane in an I-beam circular route, comprising a crane cabin (1) and an I-beam (4), wherein the I-beam (4) comprises a first straight end distributed along the Y-axis direction and a second straight end distributed along the X-axis direction, and a connecting curve is provided between the first straight end and the second straight end; Features: Slideways are arranged on both sides of the first straight end, the connecting curve and the upper half of the second straight end, a first rack track (7) is installed on the lower half of the first straight end and the connecting curve, and a second rack track (8) is installed on the lower half of the connecting curve and the second straight end, and the first rack track (7) is located above the second rack track (8); The top of the crane cabin (1) is equipped with boom brackets (3) all around, a crossbeam (6) is installed on the inner side of the top of the boom bracket (3), and the inner side of the crossbeam (6) is connected to the slideway via a second bearing (5); A power input mechanism is arranged on the top of the crane cabin (1), and the power input mechanism comprises a first driving gear (9), a second driving gear (10), a power shaft (11) and a power motor. The power motor is installed on the top of the crane cabin (1), and the driving end of the power motor is connected to the power shaft (11) on the top. The first driving gear (9) and the second driving gear (10) are installed on the power shaft (11) in sequence from top to bottom. The first driving gear (9) can be matched with the first rack track (7), and the second driving gear (10) can be matched with the second rack track (8).

2. The automatic transmission device for a crane in an I-beam circular route as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the boom bracket (3) is connected to the crane cabin (1) via a first bearing (2).

3. The automatic transmission device for a crane in an I-beam circular route as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The first bearing (2) is a tapered roller bearing.

4. The automatic transmission device for a crane in an I-beam circular route as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The second bearing (5) is a spherical roller bearing.

5. The automatic transmission device for a crane in an I-beam circular route as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The racks on the first rack track (7) and the second rack track (8) are arranged vertically.

6. The automatic transmission method for a crane in an I-beam circular route as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are included in sequence: Step 1: Initially, the crane cabin (1) is located at the first straight end, and the driving end of the power motor drives the power shaft (11) at the top to rotate and drives the first driving gear (9) and the second driving gear (10) on the power shaft (11) to rotate, and the first driving gear (9) moves along the negative direction of the Y axis on the first rack track (7), thereby driving the crane cabin (1) to move along the negative direction of the Y axis; Step 2: When the crane cabin (1) moves to the connecting curve, the second driving gear (10) begins to contact the second rack track (8); Step 3: When the crane cabin (1) leaves the connecting curve and moves to the second straight end, the second driving gear (10) moves along the negative direction of the X-axis on the first rack track (7), thereby driving the crane cabin (1) to move along the negative direction of the X-axis.

7. The automatic transmission method of a crane in an I-beam circular route as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2, when the crane cabin (1) moves to the connecting curve, the first driving gear (9) is still on the first rack track (7).

8. The automatic transmission method for a crane in an I-beam circular route as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: During the entire movement of the crane cabin (1), the inner side of the crossbeam (6) moves along in the slideway via the second bearing (5).

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