Automatic backwashing wetland system based on Tesla valve and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve and a construction method thereof. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on the Tesla valve comprises a water storage tank, a wetland system and a Tesla valve device, the Tesla valve device comprises a reverse Tesla valve and a forward Tesla valve; an upper water outlet of the water storage tank is communicated with a reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve, and a forward port of the reverse Tesla valve is communicated with a first water inlet of the wetland system; a lower water outlet of the water storage tank is communicated with a forward port of the forward Tesla valve, and a reverse port of the forward Tesla valve is communicated with a second water inlet of the wetland system; an overflow port on the wetland system is communicated with the wetland water outlet through a drainage control device; and a backwash starting device is arranged at the communicated part of the lower water outlet of the water storage tank and the forward port of the forward Tesla valve.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve and a construction method thereof, belonging to the technical field of backwashing of wetland systems in sewage treatment. Background Art

[0002] Wetland systems have been widely used in wastewater treatment and water purification. They effectively remove pollutants from water bodies through the combined effects of plants, microorganisms and substrates. However, as the operating time increases, wetland systems are prone to blockage problems, resulting in poor water flow, thereby reducing the system's treatment efficiency. Existing wetland systems usually rely on regular maintenance and manual backwashing, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but may also lead to untimely operations, affecting the overall treatment effect.

[0003] In order to deal with the blockage problem of wetland systems, some automated backwashing technologies have appeared on the market. For example, patent application CN114368882A discloses a high-pollution-load artificial wetland modular unit, and patent application CN105600938A discloses an artificial wetland anti-blockage water distribution and backwashing method and device, etc., which use hydraulic mechanical devices, electronic sensors or manual work to monitor the operating conditions of the wetland and trigger the backwashing process. However, these existing technologies often involve complex electronic equipment or require additional energy supply, which increases the construction and maintenance costs of the system, and also increases the possibility of failure. In addition, the existing backwashing technology does not fully consider the natural advantages of hydraulics, resulting in low water flow efficiency and affecting the backwashing effect.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technology that does not require additional energy supply, relies on a purely mechanical structure, and can automatically monitor wetland blockage and trigger a backwashing process in order to improve the operating efficiency of the wetland system and extend its service life. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention proposes an automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve and a construction method thereof, the purpose of which is to solve the problems of low treatment efficiency and difficult maintenance caused by blockage in existing wetland systems.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: an automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve, the system comprising a water storage tank 1, a wetland system 2, a Tesla valve device, a backwashing start device, and a drainage control device; the Tesla valve device comprises a reverse Tesla valve 4 and a forward Tesla valve 9; the upper water outlet 1-1 of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4 is connected to the first water inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2; the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9, and the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve 9 is connected to the second water inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2; the upper water outlet 1-1 of the water storage tank 1 is connected to the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 9 is connected to the second water inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2 The water outlet 1-1, the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the first water inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2 are all located at a height higher than the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1, the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9, the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve 9, and the second water inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2; a wetland water outlet 11 is provided at the bottom of the wetland system 2, and an overflow port 18 is provided at the top of the wetland system 2; the overflow port 18 on the wetland system 2 is connected to the wetland water outlet 11 through a drainage control device, and a backwash starting device is provided at the connection between the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1 and the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9.

[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of water outlet holes are distributed on the side wall of the reverse Tesla valve 4, each of which is connected to the water inlet of the water distribution pipe 5. The water distribution pipe 5 extends to the middle and upper layers inside the wetland system 2. A plurality of water distribution holes are distributed on the water distribution pipe 5 in the internal area of ​​the wetland system 2; a regulating valve 6 is connected in series to the water distribution pipe 5.

[0008] Furthermore, there is a total sewage inlet 3 on the water tank 1; the overflow port 18 on the wetland system 2 and the total sewage inlet 3 on the water tank 1 are located at heights higher than the upper water outlet 1-1 of the water tank 1, the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the first water inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2.

[0009] Furthermore, the wetland system 2 area includes wetland plants 15 and wetland fillers 16; the wetland plants 15 are distributed and grown on the surface of the wetland fillers 16, and a matrix is ​​distributed in the wetland fillers 16 area; the particle size of the filler in the wetland fillers 16 is from fine to coarse from top to bottom, and according to the different particle sizes, the wetland filler 16 area is divided into an upper fine sand area, a middle medium sand area, and a lower stone area. The filler particle size in the upper fine sand area is smaller than the filler particle size in the middle medium sand area, and the filler particle size in the middle medium sand area is smaller than the filler particle size in the lower stone area. The height of the second water inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2 and the height of the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of the wetland system 2 are both equivalent to the height position of the stone area in the lower layer of the wetland filler 16 area at the bottom of the wetland system 2.

[0010] Furthermore, the backwash starting device includes a float 7 and a weak magnetic suction cover 8; wherein the weak magnetic suction cover 8 is located at the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water tank 1, the float 7 floats on the surface of the sewage in the water tank 1, and the float 7 and the weak magnetic suction cover 8 are connected by a rope; the bottom of the water tank 1 is a conical water tank, and there is a mud discharge port 10 at the bottom of the conical area.

[0011] Further, the drainage control device includes an inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12, a limiting groove 13, an overflow pipe 14, and a drain pipe 17; the upper end of the overflow pipe 14 is connected to the overflow port 18 on the wetland system 2, one end of the drain pipe 17 is connected to the wetland water outlet 11, and the other end of the drain pipe 17 is connected to the outside. Preferably, the drain pipe 17 is placed horizontally, and a connecting port 14-1 is opened on the upper side wall of the drain pipe 17, and the lower end of the overflow pipe 14 is connected to the connecting port 14-1. A limiting groove 13 is opened on the inner surface of the side wall below the drain pipe 17, and the connecting port 14-1 is located directly above the limiting groove 13; the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is inserted at the connecting port 14-1, and the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is the upper end of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12, and the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is above the connecting port 14-1.

[0012] Furthermore, the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is made of buoyancy material, and the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 has a protruding edge away from the wetland system 2; when the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 passes through the connecting port 14-1 and the lower end of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is inserted into the limiting groove 13, a certain distance can be maintained between the protruding edge and the upper side wall of the drain pipe 17.

[0013] Furthermore, a limiting hole 12-1 is provided on the side of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12, and a limiting column 12-2 is provided on the side wall of the connecting port 14-1. The limiting column 12-2 is placed horizontally, and the limiting column 12-2 passes through the limiting hole 12-1 on the side of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12. The diameter of the limiting column 12-2 matches the width of the limiting hole 12-1, and the length direction of the limiting hole 12-1 is consistent with the length direction of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12.

[0014] Furthermore, the upper sidewall of the limiting groove 13 away from the wetland system 2 has an opening slope 13 - 1 obliquely pointing upward, and the upper opening area of ​​the limiting groove 13 is larger than the bottom area of ​​the limiting groove 13 .

[0015] A method for constructing an automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, the method comprising: 1) Preliminary collection and sedimentation of sewage in a water storage tank 1; 2) Sewage enters wetland system 2 through the reverse Tesla valve 4 located at the top of the water storage tank; 3) Using wetland plants 15, microorganisms and substrates in the wetland system 2 to purify sewage, the purified water is discharged from the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of the wetland system 2; 4) When the wetland outlet 11 of the wetland system 2 is blocked, the water level rises and triggers the backwash start device. The water flow of the wetland system 2 will automatically return to the water tank 1 through the reverse Tesla valve 4, and then enter the bottom of the wetland system 2 through the lower outlet 1-2 of the water tank 1, starting the backwash process.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1) Automatic backwashing function: The present invention realizes the automatic backwashing function of the wetland system through the ingenious combination of Tesla valve and float control mechanism, without manual intervention or additional energy supply; when the wetland system is blocked, the system can automatically adjust the water flow direction, trigger the backwashing process, effectively remove the blockage, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the system; 2) Pure mechanical structure, simple maintenance: The present invention adopts a purely mechanical design, without the need for complex electronic equipment or sensors, thus reducing the possibility of failure. This design not only reduces maintenance costs, but also enables the system to operate normally in an environment where energy is scarce or electricity cannot be obtained, and has extremely high adaptability; 3) Efficient water flow control and uniform distribution: The deceleration design and fine tube diversion structure of the Tesla valve ensure the uniform distribution of sewage in the wetland system, improving the purification effect; at the same time, the water flow direction is automatically adjusted during the backwashing process, effectively restoring the treatment capacity of the wetland system; 4) Blockage detection and water flow control are carried out simultaneously: The present invention uses the ingenious design of the float and the weak magnetic suction cover. When the wetland system is blocked, the water level in the water tank rises, and the float automatically controls the water flow direction and starts the backwashing process, thus realizing the simultaneous blockage detection and water flow control and simplifying the overall operation of the system; 5) Non-destructive backwashing: The blockage in the wetland system is cleared by reverse water flow, which will not damage the plants, microorganisms and substrates in the wetland, thus protecting the ecological environment of the wetland and enabling the system to operate effectively for a long time; 6) Environmental protection and energy saving: The present invention does not rely on electricity or other energy sources, and only achieves self-regulation and cleaning through hydraulic and mechanical structures. It has obvious environmental protection and energy saving advantages and is suitable for various scenarios such as agricultural wastewater treatment and ecological wetland management; 7) The present invention is applicable to the fields of agricultural wastewater treatment, ecological wetland management, etc., and optimizes the water flow control and cleaning process of the wetland system through a mechanical structure; the present invention relies on a purely mechanical structure to achieve automatic control and backwashing of the water flow, without the need for additional energy supply or complex electronic equipment, thereby greatly simplifying the system operation and maintenance, and significantly improving the overall operating efficiency of the wetland system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Attached Figure 1 It is a front view schematic diagram of the automatic backwashing wetland system based on the Tesla valve of the present invention.

[0018] Attached Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is reset and closed in the backwash state.

[0019] Attached Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is lifted and opened.

[0020] Attached Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reverse Tesla valve 4.

[0021] In the attached figure, 1 is a water tank, 1-1 is an upper water outlet of the water tank 1, 1-2 is a lower water outlet of the water tank 1, 2 is a wetland system, 2-1 is a first water inlet of the wetland system 2, 2-2 is a second water inlet of the wetland system 2, 3 is a total sewage inlet, 4 is a reverse Tesla valve, 5 is a water distribution pipe, 6 is a regulating valve, 7 is a float, 8 is a weak magnetic suction cover, 9 is a forward Tesla valve, 10 is a mud outlet, 11 is a wetland outlet, 12 is an inverted L-shaped water blocking plate, 12-1 is a limiting hole, 12-2 is a limiting column, 13 is a limiting groove, 13-1 is an opening slope, 14 is an overflow pipe, 14-1 is a connecting port, 15 is a wetland plant, 16 is a wetland filler, 17 is a drain pipe, and 18 is an overflow port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve, the system comprises a water storage tank 1, a wetland system 2, a Tesla valve device, a backwashing start device, and a drainage control device; the Tesla valve device comprises a reverse Tesla valve 4 and a forward Tesla valve 9; an upper water outlet 1-1 of the water storage tank 1 is connected to a reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and a forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4 is connected to a first water inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2; a lower water outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1 is connected to a forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9, and a reverse port of the forward Tesla valve 9 is connected to a second water inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2; an upper water outlet 1-1 of the water storage tank 1 , the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the first water inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2 are all located at a height higher than the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1, the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9, the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve 9, and the second water inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2; a wetland water outlet 11 is provided at the bottom of the wetland system 2, and an overflow port 18 is provided at the top of the wetland system 2; the overflow port 18 on the wetland system 2 is connected to the wetland water outlet 11 through a drainage control device, and a backwash starting device is provided at the connection between the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1 and the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9.

[0023] The reverse Tesla valve 4 and the forward Tesla valve 9 are both Tesla valves. The difference between the reverse Tesla valve 4 and the forward Tesla valve 9 is that: a plurality of water outlet holes are distributed on the side wall of the reverse Tesla valve 4, each of which is connected to the water inlet of the water distribution pipe 5, and the water distribution pipe 5 extends to the middle and upper layers inside the wetland system 2. A plurality of water distribution holes are distributed on the water distribution pipe 5 in the internal area of ​​the wetland system 2; regulating valves 6 are connected in series to the water distribution pipe 5, and the flow blocking effect and water distribution of the reverse Tesla valve 4 can be conveniently controlled by adjusting these regulating valves 6.

[0024] During operation, external sewage enters the water tank 1 from the total sewage inlet 3, and the sewage undergoes preliminary sedimentation in the water tank 1. At this time, the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water tank 1 and the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9 are closed under the action of the backwash starting device, and the sewage cannot flow from the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water tank 1 into the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9 and enter the wetland system 2. After the sewage water level in the water tank 1 rises to the height of the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the water flow can only flow from the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4 into the reverse Tesla valve 4; for a normal Tesla valve, the Tesla valve has a unidirectional conduction effect. When water flows from the reverse port of the Tesla valve to the forward port of the Tesla valve, the flow-blocking effect of each link of the Tesla valve limits the forward flow of the water flow, making it impossible for the water flow to flow from the reverse port of the Tesla valve to the forward port of the Tesla valve over a long distance. mouth; however, in the present invention, a plurality of water outlet holes are arranged on the side wall of the reverse Tesla valve 4, so that the sewage can flow out from the water outlet holes into the water distribution pipe 5 during the forward flow from the reverse mouth of the Tesla valve, and then the sewage is dispersed into the wetland system 2 through the water distribution holes on the water distribution pipe 5; the reverse Tesla valve 4 in the present invention utilizes the structure of the Tesla valve itself to slow down the water flow speed and avoid excessive water flow from impacting the wetland system, and also ensures that part of the sewage can be evenly transported from the water storage tank 1 to the water distribution pipe 5 in the middle and upper areas of the wetland system 2 through the reverse Tesla valve 4 and the sewage is evenly transported to the middle and upper layers of the wetland system 2, thereby achieving uniform distribution of sewage in the wetland system 2; the reverse Tesla valve 4 in the present invention is used to control the distribution of water flow and utilizes the flow blocking effect of the Tesla valve, which can adapt to different treatment requirements and enhance the adaptability of the system.

[0025] There is a total sewage inlet 3 on the water tank 1; the overflow port 18 and the total sewage inlet 3 on the wetland system 2 are located at a height higher than the upper water outlet 1-1 of the water tank 1, the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the first water inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2.

[0026] The wetland system 2 area includes wetland plants 15 and wetland fillers 16; the wetland plants 15 are distributed and grown on the surface of the wetland fillers 16, and the wetland fillers 16 area is distributed with a matrix; the particle size of the filler in the wetland fillers 16 is from fine to coarse from top to bottom, and according to the different particle sizes, the wetland fillers 16 area is divided into an upper fine sand area, a middle medium sand area, and a lower stone area, the filler particle size in the upper fine sand area is smaller than the filler particle size in the middle medium sand area, the filler particle size in the middle medium sand area is smaller than the filler particle size in the lower stone area, the height of the second water inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2 and the height of the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of the wetland system 2 are both equivalent to the height position of the stone area in the lower layer of the wetland filler 16 area at the bottom of the wetland system 2; the water distribution pipe 5 is preferably distributed in the fine sand area in the upper layer of the wetland filler 16 area.

[0027] When sewage enters the wetland system 2, the wetland system 2 can purify the sewage by using plants, microorganisms and matrices, and the purified water is discharged from the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of the wetland system 2; as the wetland system 2 area operates for a long time, the wetland filler 16 is blocked by sludge impurities in the sewage that have not settled in the water storage tank 1 and microbial films grown on the matrix, and the gap between the fillers becomes smaller, making it difficult for the sewage in the wetland system 2 to penetrate and filter downward. At this time, it is necessary to disperse the impurities in the matrix through backwashing to complete the dredging of the wetland matrix.

[0028] The backwash starting device includes a float 7 and a weak magnetic suction cover 8; wherein the weak magnetic suction cover 8 is located at the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1, the float 7 floats on the surface of the sewage in the water storage tank 1, and the float 7 and the weak magnetic suction cover 8 are connected by a rope; under normal circumstances, the weak magnetic suction cover 8 is located at the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water storage tank 1 to close the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9, that is, the weak magnetic suction cover 8 and the forward port of the forward Tesla valve 9 are magnetically attracted. When the wetland system 2 is blocked, The external sewage enters the water tank 1 from the sewage main water inlet 3. When the sewage water level in the water tank 1 rises to the height of the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4, the sewage enters the wetland system 2 through the reverse Tesla valve 4, and the water level of the wetland system 2 rises. When the water levels of the water tank 1 and the wetland system 2 are equal, since the Tesla valve has a unidirectional conduction function, the water in the wetland system 2 can flow from the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve 4 to the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve 4 and return to the water tank 1. , keep the water levels of the water tank 1 and the wetland system 2 connected. As the water level in the water tank 1 further rises, the position of the float 7 rises accordingly. After the float 7 rises to a certain height, the float 7 pulls the weak magnetic suction cover 8 to open, and the water in the water tank 1 flows from the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water tank 1 through the positive port of the positive Tesla valve 9 into the bottom of the wetland system 2, starting the backwash process, and the water flows from the positive port of the positive Tesla valve 9 into the bottom of the wetland system 2. At this time, the water tank 1 and the wetland system 2 form a passage for water to flow from the lower water outlet 1-2 of the water tank 1 to the second water inlet 2-2 of the wetland system 2 to the first water inlet 2-1 of the wetland system 2 to the upper water outlet 1-1 of the water tank 1. The water flow in the wetland system 2 disperses the impurities in the matrix gap from bottom to top, and enters the water tank 1 through the water flow; the system of the present invention simplifies operation and maintenance through a purely mechanical structure, improves the operating efficiency and reliability of the wetland system, and has significant advantages in environmental protection and energy saving.

[0029] The drainage control device includes an inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12, a limiting groove 13, an overflow pipe 14, and a drain pipe 17; the upper end of the overflow pipe 14 is connected to the overflow port 18 on the wetland system 2, one end of the drain pipe 17 is connected to the wetland water outlet 11, and the other end of the drain pipe 17 is connected to the outside. Preferably, the drain pipe 17 is placed horizontally, and a connecting port 14-1 is opened on the upper side wall of the drain pipe 17, and the lower end of the overflow pipe 14 is connected to the connecting port 14-1. A limiting groove 13 is opened on the inner surface of the lower side wall of the drain pipe 17, and the connecting port 14-1 is located directly above the limiting groove 13; the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is inserted at the connecting port 14-1, and the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is the upper end of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12, and the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is above the connecting port 14-1.

[0030] The horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is made of buoyancy material, and the horizontal part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 has a protruding edge away from the wetland system 2; when the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 passes through the connecting port 14-1 and the lower end of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is inserted into the limiting groove 13, a certain distance can be maintained between the protruding edge and the upper side wall of the drain pipe 17, so that the water in the overflow pipe 14 can enter below the protruding edge.

[0031] The side surface of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is provided with a limiting hole 12-1, and the side wall of the connecting port 14-1 is provided with a limiting column 12-2, the limiting column 12-2 is placed horizontally, and the limiting column 12-2 passes through the limiting hole 12-1 on the side surface of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12, the diameter of the limiting column 12-2 matches the width of the limiting hole 12-1, and the length direction of the limiting hole 12-1 is consistent with the length direction of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12; the up and down movement range of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 can be limited by setting the length of the limiting hole 12-1.

[0032] When the wetland system 2 is blocked, as the external sewage continues to flow into the water tank 1 from the sewage main inlet 3 and enters the wetland system 2 through the forward Tesla valve 9 for backwashing, the overall water level composed of the water tank 1 and the wetland system 2 continues to rise; when the overall water level of the water tank 1 and the wetland system 2 reaches a preset threshold (when it reaches the water level of the upper overflow port 18 of the wetland system 2), the water flows through the overflow pipe 14 to the top of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12. The upper end of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate is a high buoyancy material. The L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is lifted under the action of buoyancy and guided by the limit hole 12-1. Under the joint action of the lateral water pressure of the wetland outlet 11, the L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is opened (such as the attached Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 3 ), so that the water in the wetland system 2 flows out naturally; at the same time, the water in the overflow pipe 14 also flows into the drain pipe 17 at the wetland outlet 11 below as the L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is lifted, and is discharged from the wetland system 2; when the water level in the wetland system 2 returns to the normal level, the backwashing process ends and the system returns to normal operation.

[0033] The upper end of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is a buoyancy material. When the wetland system 2 is blocked and the water flow is reduced, the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is reset under insufficient water pressure and the lower end of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 sinks into the limiting groove 13 to prevent water leakage during backwashing. When the system water level increases to a preset threshold, water flows to the bottom of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate through the overflow pipe 14, so that the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate is lifted under the action of buoyancy, and the lower end of the vertical part of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is separated from the limiting groove 13, so that the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 is opened under the joint action of the water pressure at the wetland outlet, and the normal water flow discharge is restored.

[0034] The upper sidewall of the limiting groove 13 away from the wetland system 2 has an opening slope 13 - 1 obliquely pointing upwards, and the upper opening area of ​​the limiting groove 13 is larger than the bottom area of ​​the limiting groove 13 .

[0035] The water tank 1 preferably has a conical bottom, and a mud discharge port 10 is provided at the bottom of the conical area. The conical area at the bottom of the water tank 1 is used to concentrate the sedimentation of dirt. When the concentrated sedimentation of dirt accumulates to a certain extent, it is convenient to discharge the sedimentation of dirt from the mud discharge port 10.

[0036] A method for constructing an automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve, the method comprising the following steps: 1) Preliminary collection and sedimentation of sewage in a water storage tank 1; 2) The sewage enters the wetland system 2 through the reverse Tesla valve 4 located at the top of the water tank; the water inlet 4 of the reverse Tesla valve structure is used to slow down the water flow rate, and the sewage is evenly distributed to the middle and upper layers of the wetland system through the water outlet holes on the Tesla valve and the water distribution pipe 5; 3) Using wetland plants 15, microorganisms and substrates in the wetland system 2 to purify sewage, the purified water is discharged from the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of the wetland system 2; 4) When the wetland outlet 11 of the wetland system 2 is blocked, the water level rises and triggers the backwash start device. The water flow of the wetland system 2 will automatically return to the water tank through the reverse Tesla valve 4, and then enter the bottom of the wetland system 2 through the lower outlet 1-2 of the water tank 1, starting the backwash process.

[0037] The present invention is mainly used for sewage treatment and water purification, and is particularly suitable for agricultural wastewater treatment and ecological wetland management. The invention combines the Tesla valve and the float control mechanism to design an intelligent wetland system that does not require external energy supply and relies on a purely mechanical structure. The system can automatically monitor and respond to wetland blockages and achieve automatic backwashing. During the backwashing process, the water body can circulate multiple times between the water tank 1 and the wetland system 2, which also promotes further purification of the water body during the backwashing process. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on the Tesla valve of the present invention is modularly designed, allowing the number of modules to be increased or decreased according to the processing capacity requirements, and providing flexible configuration options to adapt to water treatment scenarios of different scales.

[0038] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1

[0039] An automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve, the system comprises a water tank 1, a wetland system 2, a reverse Tesla valve 4, a forward Tesla valve 9, a backwashing start device, and a drainage control device; the backwashing start device comprises a float 7 and a weak magnetic suction cover 8; the drainage control device comprises an inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12, a limiting groove 13, an overflow pipe 14, and a drainage pipe 17; when working, sewage enters the water tank 1 through a total sewage inlet 3 at the top, the bottom of the water tank 1 is conical in design, which is used to concentrate and precipitate dirt, and can be discharged from a mud outlet 10, the top of the water tank 1 is connected to the wetland system 2 through a reverse Tesla valve 4, and the reverse Tesla valve 4 prevents the water flow from directly impacting the wetland system 2 by slowing down the water flow speed.

[0040] Under normal circumstances: The sewage enters the wetland system 2 from the reverse Tesla valve 4, and is evenly distributed to the middle and upper layers of the wetland through the water outlet holes on the reverse Tesla valve 4 and the water distribution pipe 5; the regulating valve 6 arranged on the water distribution pipe 5 can be used to adjust the water output of the water distribution pipe; the wetland system purifies the sewage through the filtering action of wetland plants 15, wetland fillers 16 and microorganisms, and the purified water is discharged through the wetland outlet 11 at the bottom of the wetland.

[0041] Backwash process: When the wetland system 2 is clogged, the water level in the wetland system 2 rises, and the water flows back to the water tank 1 through the reverse Tesla valve 4, causing the water level in the water tank 1 to rise; at this time, the weak magnetic suction cover 8 at the forward Tesla valve 9 at the bottom of the water tank 1 is automatically opened by the float 7, and the water in the water tank flows into the bottom of the wetland system 2 through the forward Tesla valve 9 for backwashing to clear the blockage.

[0042] At the same time, due to the blockage, the water output in the wetland system 2 is reduced, and the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 with a high buoyancy material at the upper end arranged at the wetland outlet 11 sinks when the water pressure is insufficient, and is stuck in the limiting groove 13 in the drain pipe 17 by gravity, preventing the water flow during the backwashing process from leaking out through the drain outlet.

[0043] Procedure to resume normal operation: As the backwashing proceeds, the water level in the wetland system 2 gradually rises, the water will flow into the overflow port 18, and lift the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12 through the buoyancy, so that the water in the wetland system 2 is discharged from the wetland outlet 11; due to the rotation and lifting of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate 12, the overflow pipe 14 is opened and connected with the connecting port 14-1 on the drainage pipe 17 outside the wetland outlet 11, and the water in the overflow pipe 14 enters the drainage pipe 17 out of the wetland outlet 11 and is discharged together; at this time, the water level in the water storage tank 1 gradually drops, the weak magnetic suction cover 8 controlled by the float 7 is closed, and the backwashing process is completely completed; the wetland system 2 resumes normal operation. Example 2

[0044] In a wetland agricultural wastewater treatment project, the wetland system of the present invention is used to treat sewage; the sewage first enters the water storage tank, and after sedimentation, enters the wetland system 2 through the top reverse Tesla valve 4; the present invention distributes the water evenly to the middle and upper layers of the wetland through the water outlet hole of the reverse Tesla valve 4 and the water distribution pipe 5 structure, thereby achieving efficient purification.

[0045] When the system is clogged, the float device at the bottom of the water tank starts the backwash function to clear the blockage at the bottom of the wetland; after the backwash is completed, the system automatically resumes normal operation; the present invention realizes automatic adjustment during the sewage treatment process, reduces the need for manual maintenance, and improves the stability and long-term operation capability of the system. Example 3

[0046] In urban sewage treatment facilities, the present invention can be used as a part of a wetland deep treatment system; through the comprehensive design of water storage facilities, Tesla valves and backwashing devices, urban sewage can be preliminarily purified and pretreated through the wetland system before entering the main treatment facilities, effectively reducing the subsequent treatment load; at the same time, the system's automatic backwashing function can maintain the operating efficiency of the wetland for a long time and extend the life of the system.

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention demonstrate the application of the present invention in different scenarios and prove its superiority in wetland sewage treatment; the design of the present invention can adapt to a variety of different water treatment needs and achieve efficient and stable long-term operation through its mechanized and automated design.

Claims

1. An automatic backwashing wetland system based on Tesla valve, characterized by The invention comprises a water storage tank (1), a wetland system (2), a Tesla valve device, a backwashing start device, and a drainage control device; the Tesla valve device comprises a reverse Tesla valve (4) and a forward Tesla valve (9); the upper water outlet of the water storage tank (1) is connected to the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve (4), and the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve (4) is connected to the first water inlet (2-1) of the wetland system (2); the lower water outlet (1-2) of the water storage tank (1) is connected to the forward port of the forward Tesla valve (9), and the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve (9) is connected to the second water inlet (2-2) of the wetland system (2); the upper water outlet of the water storage tank (1), the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve (4), and the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve (9) are connected to the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve (4). The forward port of the Tesla valve (4) and the first water inlet (2-1) of the wetland system (2) are located at a height higher than the lower water outlet (1-2) of the water storage tank (1), the forward port of the forward Tesla valve (9), the reverse port of the forward Tesla valve (9), and the second water inlet (2-2) of the wetland system (2); the bottom of the wetland system (2) is provided with a wetland water outlet (11), and the upper part of the wetland system (2) is provided with an overflow port (18); the overflow port (18) on the wetland system (2) is connected to the wetland water outlet (11) through a drainage control device, and a backwashing start device is provided at the connection point between the lower water outlet (1-2) of the water storage tank (1) and the forward port of the forward Tesla valve (9).

2. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on Tesla valve according to claim 1 is characterized by: A plurality of water outlet holes are distributed on the side wall of the reverse Tesla valve (4), each of which is connected to the water inlet of a water distribution pipe (5). The water distribution pipe (5) extends to the middle and upper layers inside the wetland system (2). A plurality of water distribution holes are distributed on the water distribution pipe (5) in the internal area of ​​the wetland system (2); and a regulating valve (6) is connected in series to the water distribution pipe (5).

3. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on Tesla valve according to claim 1 is characterized by: The water storage tank (1) is provided with a total sewage inlet (3); the overflow port (18) on the wetland system (2) and the total sewage inlet (3) on the water storage tank (1) are located at a height higher than the upper water outlet (1-1) of the water storage tank (1), the reverse port of the reverse Tesla valve (4), the forward port of the reverse Tesla valve (4), and the first water inlet (2-1) of the wetland system (2).

4. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on Tesla valve according to claim 1 is characterized by: The wetland system (2) area includes wetland plants (15) and wetland fillers (16); the wetland plants (15) are distributed and grown on the surface of the wetland fillers (16), and the wetland fillers (16) area is distributed with a matrix; the particle size of the fillers in the wetland fillers (16) is from fine to coarse from top to bottom, and according to the different particle sizes, the wetland fillers (16) area is divided into an upper fine sand area, a middle medium sand area, and a lower rock area; the filler particle size in the upper fine sand area is smaller than the filler particle size in the middle medium sand area, and the filler particle size in the middle medium sand area is smaller than the filler particle size in the lower rock area; the height of the second water inlet (2-2) of the wetland system (2) and the height of the wetland water outlet (11) at the bottom of the wetland system (2) are both equivalent to the height position of the rock area in the lower layer of the wetland filler (16) area at the bottom of the wetland system (2).

5. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on Tesla valve according to claim 1 is characterized by: The backwash starting device comprises a float (7) and a weak magnetic suction cover (8); wherein the weak magnetic suction cover (8) is located at the lower water outlet (1-2) of the water storage tank (1), the float (7) floats on the surface of the sewage in the water storage tank (1), and the float (7) and the weak magnetic suction cover (8) are connected by a rope; the bottom of the water storage tank (1) is a conical water storage tank, and the bottom of the conical area is provided with a mud discharge port (10).

6. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on Tesla valve according to claim 1 is characterized by: The drainage control device comprises an inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12), a limiting groove (13), an overflow pipe (14), and a drainage pipe (17); the upper end of the overflow pipe (14) is connected to the overflow port (18) on the wetland system (2); one end of the drainage pipe (17) is connected to the wetland water outlet (11); the other end of the drainage pipe (17) is connected to the outside; the drainage pipe (17) is placed horizontally; a connecting port (14-1) is provided on the upper side wall of the drainage pipe (17); the lower end of the overflow pipe (14) is connected to the connecting port (14-1); a limiting groove (13) is provided on the inner surface of the lower side wall of the drainage pipe (17); the connecting port (14-1) is located directly above the limiting groove (13); The vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12) is inserted into the connection port (14-1), the horizontal portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12) is the upper end of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12), and the horizontal portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12) is located above the connection port (14-1).

7. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on Tesla valve according to claim 6 is characterized by: The horizontal portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12) is made of a buoyancy material, and the horizontal portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12) has a protruding edge in a direction away from the wetland system (2); when the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12) passes through the connection port (14-1) and the lower end of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12) is inserted into the limiting groove (13), a certain distance can be maintained between the protruding edge and the upper side wall of the drainage pipe (17).

8. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on Tesla valve according to claim 6 is characterized by: The side surface of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12) is provided with a limiting hole (12-1); the side wall of the connecting port (14-1) is provided with a limiting column (12-2); the limiting column (12-2) is horizontally placed; the limiting column (12-2) passes through the limiting hole (12-1) on the side surface of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12); the diameter of the limiting column (12-2) matches the width of the limiting hole (12-1); and the length direction of the limiting hole (12-1) is consistent with the length direction of the vertical portion of the inverted L-shaped water blocking plate (12).

9. The automatic backwashing wetland system based on Tesla valve according to claim 6, characterized in that The upper side wall of the limiting groove (13) in the direction away from the wetland system (2) has an opening slope (13-1) obliquely pointing upwards, and the upper opening area of ​​the limiting groove (13) is larger than the bottom area of ​​the limiting groove (13).

10. A method for constructing an automatic backwashing wetland system based on a Tesla valve as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that include: 1) Preliminary collection and sedimentation of sewage in a water storage tank (1); 2) Sewage enters the wetland system (2) through the reverse Tesla valve (4) located at the top of the storage tank; 3) using wetland plants (15), microorganisms and substrates in the wetland system (2) to purify the sewage, and the purified water is discharged from the wetland outlet (11) at the bottom of the wetland system (2); 4) When the wetland outlet (11) of the wetland system (2) is blocked, the water level rises and triggers the backwash start device. The water flow of the wetland system (2) automatically returns to the water storage tank (1) through the reverse Tesla valve (4), and then enters the bottom of the wetland system (2) through the lower outlet (1-2) of the water storage tank (1), starting the backwash process.

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