Active equalization circuit and method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time

Abstract

The invention relates to an active equalization circuit and method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time. The active equalization circuit comprises a battery pack, a voltage difference sampling module, a control module, a driving module, a switch management module and a plurality of carrying capacitors. In every two adjacent battery elements, the power output end of one battery element is connected with the first power input end of the switch management module, the first power output end of the switch management module is connected with the first end of the carrying capacitor, and the second end of the carrying capacitor is connected with the second power input end of the switch management module. The second power output end of the switch management module is connected with the power input end of the other battery element. And the carrying capacitor is used as an energy carrier, so that the mode of discharging excess energy through a resistor in the traditional passive equalization is avoided, the excess electric quantity of the battery is directly transferred to the battery needing to be supplemented, and the energy utilization rate is greatly improved through the design. The active and intelligent battery equalization is realized, and the design requirements of high efficiency, energy conservation and environmental protection are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery voltage difference equalization, and in particular to an active equalization circuit and method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time. Background Art

[0002] At present, in lithium battery packs, as the number of charge and discharge cycles increases, the voltage of each battery gradually becomes unbalanced due to differences in internal resistance, capacity and material properties between single cells. In order to solve this problem, Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the traditional passive balancing technology usually discharges the energy of high-voltage batteries through resistors, consuming their excess energy as heat, thereby reducing the voltage and achieving voltage balance with other batteries. However, this method has significant disadvantages: first, a large amount of energy is converted into heat energy in the resistor and wasted, which reduces the overall energy utilization efficiency of the system and runs counter to the design principle of energy saving and environmental protection; second, since the resistor discharge process generates high heat, this puts higher requirements on the heat dissipation design of the battery management system (BMS), increasing the complexity and cost of the system; in addition, the passive balancing speed is slow, especially in large-capacity battery packs, and cannot meet the needs of efficient energy management. Therefore, a more efficient, energy-saving and environmentally friendly balancing technology is needed to solve the above problems, improve energy utilization and optimize the operating performance of the battery pack. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem that traditional passive balancing technology discharges energy of high-voltage batteries through resistors, resulting in energy waste, low efficiency and heat, the present application provides an active balancing circuit and method for adjusting the battery voltage difference in real time.

[0004] An active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time, the active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time comprising a battery pack, a voltage difference sampling module, a control module, a driving module, a switch management module and a plurality of transport capacitors; The battery pack includes a plurality of battery elements arranged in series; The sampling signal input end of the pressure difference sampling module is respectively connected to the common node between each two adjacent battery elements, and the sampling signal output end of the pressure difference sampling module is connected to the sampling signal input end of the control module; The driving signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the driving signal input terminal of the driving module; The enable signal output terminal of the driving module is connected to the enable signal input terminal of the switch management module; In every two adjacent battery elements, the power output end of one of the battery elements is connected to the first power input end of the switch management module, the first power output end of the switch management module is connected to the first end of the transport capacitor, the second end of the transport capacitor is connected to the second power input end of the switch management module, and the second power output end of the switch management module is connected to the power input end of the other battery element.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solution, the present application effectively solves the problems of energy waste, low efficiency and excessive heat in traditional passive balancing through the collaborative work of a series of modules. The core is to use the pressure difference sampling module to monitor the voltage difference of each battery in the battery pack in real time, and generate an accurate driving signal according to the sampling result through the control module, so as to dynamically adjust the working state of the driving module and the switch management module, so that the transport capacitor can realize the lossless transfer of energy between the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery. As an energy carrier, the transport capacitor avoids the traditional passive balancing method of discharging excess energy through resistance, and directly transfers the excess power of the battery to the battery that needs to be replenished. This design greatly improves the energy utilization rate. At the same time, through the flexible control of the switch management module, the charging and discharging path of the transport capacitor can be adjusted according to the voltage difference between the batteries, reducing the impact of current shock on the battery life, thereby improving the balancing efficiency while reducing the heat generation of the system and optimizing the heat dissipation design. This circuit structure and method realize active and intelligent battery balancing, meeting the design requirements of high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection.

[0006] Preferably, the drive signal output end of the control module includes a first drive output port and a second drive output port, the drive module includes a drive chip U3, the first drive signal input end of the drive chip U3 is connected to the first drive output port, the second drive signal input end of the drive chip U3 is connected to the second drive output port, and the first enable control end and the second enable control end of the drive chip U3 are respectively connected to the enable signal input end of the switch management module to control different switching operations of the switch management module.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, it is possible to generate multiple independent driving signals, ensure independent control of different switch units by balancing operation, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of the balancing process; by connecting the first enable control terminal and the second enable control terminal in the driving module to different switch units of the switch management module respectively, it is possible to flexibly control different switch operations of the switch management module, thereby further realizing dynamic regulation of the energy transfer path between multiple battery cells and improving the operating flexibility of the balancing circuit.

[0008] Preferably, the switch management module includes a plurality of switch conduction units, wherein each of the switch conduction units is correspondingly provided with one of the battery elements, and in each two adjacent battery elements, at least two of the switch conduction units and one of the transport capacitors participate in energy transport, namely, a switch conduction unit A and a switch conduction unit B, wherein the switch conduction unit A includes a first MOS tube A and a second MOS tube A, and the switch conduction unit B includes a first MOS tube B and a second MOS tube B; The first conducting end of the first MOS tube A is connected to the positive electrode of one of the battery elements, the second conducting end of the first MOS tube A is connected to the first conducting end of the second MOS tube A, the second conducting end of the second MOS tube A is connected to the negative electrode of one of the battery elements, the first conducting end of the first MOS tube B is connected to the positive electrode of another battery element, the second conducting end of the first MOS tube B is connected to the first conducting end of the second MOS tube B, the second conducting end of the second MOS tube B is connected to the negative electrode of another battery element, the controlled end of the first MOS tube A and the controlled end of the second MOS tube A are both connected to the first enabling control end of the driving chip U3, and the controlled end of the first MOS tube B and the controlled end of the second MOS tube B are both connected to the second enabling control end of the driving chip U3; A common node between the second conduction end of the first MOS transistor A and the second MOS transistor A is connected to the first end of the transfer capacitor, and a common node between the second conduction end of the first MOS transistor B and the second MOS transistor B is connected to the second end of the transfer capacitor.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the switch management module includes multiple switch conduction units, each switch conduction unit is composed of a first MOS tube and a second MOS tube, and the switch states of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are controlled respectively, so that the connection state of the battery elements can be accurately controlled, thereby effectively realizing the dynamic scheduling of energy between batteries and ensuring the high efficiency of the balancing process; through the design that the switch conduction unit between each two adjacent battery elements is connected to the transport capacitor, the charging and discharging operations of the transport capacitor can be flexibly realized, thereby further ensuring high efficiency and low loss in the energy transfer process; through the first enable control terminal and the second enable control terminal of the driving module, different switch conduction units are controlled respectively, so that dynamic regulation of multi-path energy transmission can be realized, thereby improving the stability and applicability of the balancing circuit.

[0010] Preferably, the switch management module further includes an auxiliary control unit, the switch conduction unit corresponding to the last battery element in the battery pack is a switch conduction unit C, the switch conduction unit C includes a first MOS tube C and a second MOS tube C, and the auxiliary control unit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor 4, a resistor R22, a diode D1, a diode D3, a voltage regulator tube ZD1, a voltage regulator tube ZD2, a MOS tube Q13 and a MOS tube Q19; The negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 is connected to the first enable control terminal of the driving chip U3, the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D1, the negative terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the controlled terminal of the first MOS tube C, the resistor R2 is connected between the common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 and the positive terminal of the diode D1 and the first conduction terminal of the second MOS tube C, the common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 and the positive terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the controlled terminal of the MOS tube Q13, the resistor R1 is connected between the common node between the negative terminal of the diode D1 and the controlled terminal of the first MOS tube C and the first conduction terminal of the second MOS tube C, the common node between the negative terminal of the diode D1 and the controlled terminal of the first MOS tube C is connected to the first conduction terminal of the MOS tube Q13, the second conduction terminal of the MOS tube Q13 is connected to the first conduction terminal of the second MOS tube C, and the second conduction terminal of the second MOS tube C is grounded; The negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the second enable control terminal of the driving chip U3, the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D3, the negative terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the controlled terminal of the second MOS tube C, the resistor R4 is connected between the common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 and the positive terminal of the diode D1 and the ground, the common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 and the positive terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the controlled terminal of the MOS tube Q19, the resistor R22 is connected between the common node between the negative terminal of the diode D3 and the controlled terminal of the second MOS tube C and the ground, the common node between the negative terminal of the diode D3 and the controlled terminal of the second MOS tube C is connected to the first conduction terminal of the MOS tube Q19, and the second conduction terminal of the MOS tube Q19 is grounded.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the switch management module includes an auxiliary control unit, wherein the auxiliary control unit is composed of a voltage regulator, a diode, a MOS tube and a resistor, etc., which can provide protection for the circuit working state in the switch management module to avoid component damage caused by overcurrent or overvoltage, thereby improving the reliability of system operation; through the design of connecting the voltage regulator tube in the auxiliary control unit to the enable control terminal of the driver chip, the stability of the drive signal can be ensured, thereby further improving the accuracy of the switch operation; through the coordinated work of the diode and the MOS tube, the stability of the circuit during high-frequency switching is ensured, and the influence of signal interference on the system operation can be reduced, thereby improving the safety and anti-interference ability of the system.

[0012] Preferably, the sampling signal input end of the control module includes multiple sampling input ports, the pressure difference sampling module includes multiple pressure difference sampling units, the pressure difference sampling unit includes a first voltage dividing resistor and a second voltage dividing resistor, the common node between two adjacent battery elements is connected to the first end of the first voltage dividing resistor, the second end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to the first end of the second voltage dividing resistor, the second end of the second voltage dividing resistor is grounded, and the common node between the second end of the first voltage dividing resistor and the first end of the second voltage dividing resistor is connected to the sampling input port.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the voltage difference sampling unit in the voltage difference sampling module is composed of a first voltage-dividing resistor and a second voltage-dividing resistor, which can accurately divide the voltage of each battery element and sample it, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the sampling signal, thereby improving the reliability of the control module in generating the drive signal; through the design of connecting the voltage-dividing resistor to the sampling input port, the voltage signal can be stabilized to avoid data acquisition errors caused by circuit jitter, thereby further improving the working accuracy of the balancing circuit.

[0014] An active equalization method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time is applied to an active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time. The active equalization method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time includes: Acquiring battery voltage difference data, wherein the battery voltage difference data is a voltage difference between two adjacent battery elements; Matching a corresponding pressure difference threshold interval according to the battery pressure difference data; generating corresponding balancing control parameters according to the pressure difference threshold interval; According to the balancing control parameters, corresponding capacitive energy transfer operations are performed.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, by acquiring the battery voltage difference data and matching the voltage difference threshold range, it is possible to analyze the battery voltage status in the battery pack in real time, ensuring that the balancing operation is optimized based on the actual battery status, thereby improving the intelligence of the balancing strategy; by performing capacitor energy transfer operations according to the balancing control parameters, it is possible to accurately control the charging and discharging process of the capacitor and achieve efficient energy transfer, thereby reducing the voltage difference between batteries and improving the operating consistency and life of the battery pack.

[0016] Preferably, in the step of generating corresponding balancing control parameters according to the pressure difference threshold interval, the balancing control parameters include equal timing control parameters and logic OR gate control parameters, and the step further includes: Acquire unit type data of the switch conduction unit in the switch management module; If the unit type data is a single switch tube element, then generating equal timing control parameters according to the voltage difference threshold interval; If the unit type data is a packaged aggregate composed of multiple switch tube elements and at least constitutes one logic OR gate network, then a logic OR gate control parameter is generated according to the voltage difference threshold range.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, by generating timing control parameters and logic OR gate control parameters according to the voltage difference threshold interval, the control strategy in the balancing process can be flexibly adjusted to adapt to different battery states, thereby improving the efficiency and flexibility of balancing; by judging whether the unit type data is a single switch tube element or a logic OR gate network composed of multiple switch tube elements, it is possible to optimize the control for different circuit structures, thereby further enhancing the compatibility and scalability of the balancing circuit.

[0018] Preferably, in the step of generating equal timing control parameters according to the pressure difference threshold interval, the equal timing control parameters include a first PWM frequency parameter and a second PWM frequency parameter, and the step further includes: Extracting upper limit values ​​in each of the pressure difference threshold intervals; Determine whether the upper limit values ​​are all consistent, and if so, generate a corresponding first PWM frequency parameter according to the upper limit value; If not, one or more upper limit values ​​with the highest values ​​are determined as the first target value among the upper limit values, and the corresponding second PWM frequency parameter is generated according to the first target value.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, by generating the first PWM frequency parameter and the second PWM frequency parameter according to the upper limit value of the pressure difference threshold interval, the frequency of the PWM signal can be dynamically adjusted to ensure the efficiency and accuracy of the energy transfer process, thereby reducing the energy loss in the balancing process; by determining the highest upper limit value when the upper limit values ​​are inconsistent and generating the corresponding PWM frequency parameters, the balancing operation under high pressure difference conditions can be optimized, thereby further improving the balancing speed and the performance consistency of the battery pack.

[0020] Preferably, in the step of generating a logic OR gate control parameter according to the voltage difference threshold interval, the logic OR gate control parameter includes a third PWM frequency parameter and a fourth PWM frequency parameter, including Determining the upper limit value of each of the pressure difference threshold intervals; Determine whether the upper limit values ​​are consistent, and if so, generate a corresponding third PWM frequency parameter according to the upper limit value; If not, then the inconsistent upper limit value is determined among the upper limit values ​​as the second target value, and a corresponding third PWM frequency parameter is generated according to the upper limit value, and a corresponding fourth PWM frequency parameter is generated according to the second target value, the third PWM frequency parameter is used to enable the switch conduction unit to select a common data transmission path included in the logical OR network, and the fourth PWM frequency parameter is used to enable the switch conduction unit to select an independent data transmission path included in the logical OR network.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, by generating the third PWM frequency parameter and the fourth PWM frequency parameter according to the voltage difference threshold interval, the common data transmission path and the independent data transmission path of the logic OR gate network can be controlled respectively, thereby ensuring the stability and efficiency of data transmission in the balancing circuit, thereby improving the application effect of the balancing circuit in a complex circuit structure.

[0022] Preferably, in the step of performing the corresponding capacitor energy transfer operation according to the balancing control parameter, the capacitor energy transfer operation is an operation of repeatedly performing a plurality of switching cycles, wherein the switching cycle includes a capacitor storage operation and a capacitor discharge operation, including: Determine, according to the balancing control parameter, a first state period of a first switch state and a second state period of a second switch state, as well as the number of switch cycles, wherein the first switch state and the second switch state are the conduction states of the switch conduction unit in the switch management module; Executing the capacitor storage operation, wherein the capacitor storage operation is to control the switch conduction unit in the switch management module to switch to the first switch state, and start timing until the duration specified by the first state cycle is reached; If the duration specified by the first state cycle is reached, the capacitor discharge operation is performed, and the capacitor discharge operation is to control the switch conduction unit in the switch management module to switch to the second switch state, and start timing until the duration specified by the second state cycle is reached; If the duration specified by the second state cycle is reached, the switch management module goes through a switch cycle, records the current cycle number, and determines whether the current cycle number is equal to the switch cycle number. If not, a new switch cycle is re-executed; if so, the new switch cycle is stopped.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, through the repeated execution of capacitor storage operation and capacitor discharge operation, the energy transfer between batteries can be completed efficiently, the voltage difference can be reduced, and the consistency of battery pack operation can be improved; by determining the duration of the first switching state and the second switching state according to the balancing control parameters, the energy transfer process of each switching cycle can be accurately controlled to ensure that the loss of the capacitor during the charging and discharging process is minimized, thereby further improving the balancing efficiency and the service life of the battery pack.

[0024] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: This application effectively solves the problems of energy waste, low efficiency and excessive heat in traditional passive balancing through the collaborative work of a series of modules. The core is to use the pressure difference sampling module to monitor the voltage difference of each battery in the battery pack in real time, and generate an accurate driving signal according to the sampling result through the control module, so as to dynamically adjust the working state of the driving module and the switch management module, so that the transport capacitor can achieve lossless energy transfer between the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery. As an energy carrier, the transport capacitor avoids the traditional passive balancing method of discharging excess energy through resistance, and directly transfers the excess power of the battery to the battery that needs to be replenished. This design greatly improves the energy utilization rate. At the same time, through the flexible control of the switch management module, the charging and discharging path of the transport capacitor can be adjusted according to the voltage difference between the batteries, reducing the impact of current shock on the battery life, thereby improving the balancing efficiency while reducing the heat generation of the system and optimizing the heat dissipation design. This circuit structure and method realize active and intelligent battery balancing, meeting the design requirements of high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a partial circuit diagram of the traditional passive equalization technology in this application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of an active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3This is a partial circuit diagram of a control module in an active equalization circuit for real-time adjustment of battery voltage difference in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a partial circuit diagram of a pressure difference sampling module in an active equalization circuit for adjusting battery pressure difference in real time in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 This is a partial circuit diagram of a driving module in an active equalization circuit for real-time adjustment of battery voltage difference in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 It is a partial circuit diagram of a battery pack, a switch management module and a transport capacitor in an active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 It is a flowchart showing a partial structure of a switch conduction unit in an active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time in another embodiment of the present application; Figure 8 is a flow chart of an active equalization method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time in one embodiment of the present application; Fig. 9 This is a flowchart for implementing step S30 in an active equalization method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.10 It is a flowchart for implementing step S302 in an active equalization method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time in one embodiment of the present application; Fig.11 It is a flowchart for implementing step S303 in an active equalization method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time in one embodiment of the present application; Fig.12 It is a flowchart for implementing step S40 in an active equalization method for real-time adjustment of battery voltage difference in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0028] In one embodiment, if Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the present application discloses an active equalization circuit for adjusting the battery voltage difference in real time, including a battery pack, a voltage difference sampling module, a control module, a driving module, a switch management module and a plurality of transport capacitors; The battery pack includes a plurality of battery elements arranged in series; The sampling signal input end of the pressure difference sampling module is respectively connected to the common node between each two adjacent battery elements, and the sampling signal output end of the pressure difference sampling module is connected to the sampling signal input end of the control module; The driving signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the driving signal input terminal of the driving module; The enable signal output terminal of the driving module is connected to the enable signal input terminal of the switch management module; In every two adjacent battery elements, the power output end of one of the battery elements is connected to the first power input end of the switch management module, the first power output end of the switch management module is connected to the first end of the transport capacitor, the second end of the transport capacitor is connected to the second power input end of the switch management module, and the second power output end of the switch management module is connected to the power input end of the other battery element.

[0029] In this embodiment, in the active balancing circuit, the port connection and control logic between each module constitute the basis for the entire system to achieve dynamic balancing between batteries. The battery pack is composed of a plurality of battery elements connected in series, and each adjacent two battery elements are connected to the sampling signal input end of the voltage difference sampling module through a common node. The voltage difference sampling module collects the voltage difference between each battery in real time and transmits the sampling signal to the sampling signal input end of the control module. The control module generates a driving signal according to the collected battery voltage difference information, and transmits the signal to the driving signal input end of the driving module through its driving signal output end. The function of the driving module is to generate corresponding enable signals according to the driving signal output by the control module, and these enable signals are transmitted to the enable signal input end of the switch management module through the enable signal output end of the driving module, thereby realizing the control of the switch unit in the switch management module. In each of the two adjacent battery elements, the power output end of one of the battery elements is connected to the first power input end of the switch management module. The switch management module adjusts the conduction state of its internal switch according to the control of the enable signal, so that the current path can be opened or closed. The first power output terminal of the switch management module is connected to the first terminal of the transport capacitor, which acts as an energy transfer in the circuit and is used to transport energy losslessly between a battery with a higher voltage and a battery with a lower voltage. The second terminal of the transport capacitor is connected to the second power input terminal of the switch management module, and the second power output terminal of the switch management module is ultimately connected to the power input terminal of another battery element. This connection method enables energy to be transferred from a battery element with a higher voltage to a battery element with a lower voltage through the transport capacitor along a predetermined path.

[0030] In terms of control logic, the voltage difference sampling module collects the voltage difference between every two adjacent battery elements in the battery pack in real time, and transmits this information to the control module. The control module analyzes and judges the voltage difference, identifies the battery elements that need to be balanced and the specific balancing path, and then outputs the corresponding drive signal to the drive module. The drive module activates a specific switch conduction path based on the drive signal, turns on the switch unit of the switch management module, and transfers energy from the high-voltage battery to the low-voltage battery through the transport capacitor. The switch management module dynamically adjusts the conduction state of each switch unit to achieve flexible control of the entire balancing process. This design can reduce the current impact on the battery while maintaining the high efficiency of energy transfer, and ultimately improve the performance consistency and service life of the entire battery pack.

[0031] In summary, the present application effectively solves the problems of energy waste, low efficiency and excessive heat in traditional passive balancing through the collaborative work of a series of modules. The core is to use the pressure difference sampling module to monitor the voltage difference of each battery in the battery pack in real time, and generate an accurate driving signal according to the sampling result through the control module, so as to dynamically adjust the working state of the driving module and the switch management module, so that the transport capacitor can achieve lossless energy transfer between the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery. As an energy carrier, the transport capacitor avoids the traditional passive balancing method of discharging excess energy through resistance, and directly transfers the excess power of the battery to the battery that needs to be replenished. This design greatly improves the energy utilization rate. At the same time, through the flexible control of the switch management module, the charging and discharging path of the transport capacitor can be adjusted according to the voltage difference between the batteries, reducing the impact of current shock on the battery life, thereby improving the balancing efficiency while reducing the heat generation of the system and optimizing the heat dissipation design. This circuit structure and method realize active and intelligent battery balancing, meeting the design requirements of high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection.

[0032] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, the drive signal output end of the control module includes a first drive output port and a second drive output port, the drive module includes a drive chip U3, the first drive signal input end of the drive chip U3 is connected to the first drive output port, the second drive signal input end of the drive chip U3 is connected to the second drive output port, and the first enable control end and the second enable control end of the drive chip U3 are respectively connected to the enable signal input end of the switch management module to control different switch operations of the switch management module.

[0033] In this embodiment, the drive signal output end of the control module includes a first drive output port and a second drive output port, which indicates that the control module can generate multiple independent drive signals for realizing precise control of different circuit parts. The first drive output port and the second drive output port are respectively connected to the first drive signal input end and the second drive signal input end of the drive chip U3. This connection relationship shows that the two drive signals generated by the control module can be independently transmitted to the drive chip U3 for processing. The drive chip U3 is a key module for generating an enable signal, and its function is to convert the drive signal transmitted from the control module into an enable signal that can directly control the switch management module. Specifically, after the first drive signal input end of the drive chip U3 receives the signal from the first drive output port, it will generate an enable signal corresponding to the signal according to the signal, and output it to the enable signal input end of the switch management module through the first enable control end. Similarly, after the second drive signal input end of the drive chip U3 receives the signal from the second drive output port, it will generate an enable signal of the second enable control end and transmit it to the enable signal input end of the switch management module. The switch management module flexibly controls the on and off states of the switch units inside it according to the first enable control signal and the second enable control signal provided by the driver chip U3, thereby determining the specific connection path of the energy transport capacitor in the battery pack. The independence of the first enable control terminal and the second enable control terminal means that different switch operations in the switch management module are separate, and the two enable control signals can control the corresponding switch units separately without interfering with each other.

[0034] From the control logic point of view, the control module is responsible for real-time acquisition and processing of the voltage difference information of the battery pack, and generates the first drive signal and the second drive signal according to the preset balancing strategy, which are transmitted to the driver chip U3 through the first drive output port and the second drive output port. After the driver chip U3 processes the input signal accordingly, it generates the first enable control signal and the second enable control signal, and transmits them to the enable signal input terminal of the switch management module respectively to activate the corresponding switch unit. Through this distributed control logic, independent control of multiple switch units can be achieved to ensure that the transport capacitor can accurately and efficiently perform energy transfer operations, thereby improving the performance and flexibility of the balancing circuit.

[0035] Further, such as Figure 6As shown, the switch management module includes a plurality of switch conduction units, wherein each of the switch conduction units is correspondingly provided with one of the battery elements, and in each of two adjacent battery elements, at least two of the switch conduction units and one of the transport capacitors participate in energy transport, namely, a switch conduction unit A and a switch conduction unit B, wherein the switch conduction unit A includes a first MOS tube A and a second MOS tube A, and the switch conduction unit B includes a first MOS tube B and a second MOS tube B; a first conduction end of the first MOS tube A is connected to the positive electrode of one of the battery elements, a second conduction end of the first MOS tube A is connected to the first conduction end of the second MOS tube A, a second conduction end of the second MOS tube A is connected to the negative electrode of one of the battery elements, and a The first conducting end is connected to the positive electrode of another battery element, the second conducting end of the first MOS tube B is connected to the first conducting end of the second MOS tube B, the second conducting end of the second MOS tube B is connected to the negative electrode of another battery element, the controlled end of the first MOS tube A and the controlled end of the second MOS tube A are both connected to the first enable control end of the driving chip U3, the controlled end of the first MOS tube B and the controlled end of the second MOS tube B are both connected to the second enable control end of the driving chip U3; the common node between the second conducting end of the first MOS tube A and the second MOS tube A is connected to the first end of the transport capacitor, and the common node between the second conducting end of the first MOS tube B and the second MOS tube B is connected to the second end of the transport capacitor.

[0036] In this embodiment, if Figure 6As shown, for example, BATT5 and BATT4, the first MOS tube A is Q5A in the figure, the second MOS tube A is Q11A in the figure, the first MOS tube B is Q5B in the figure, and the second MOS tube B is Q11B in the figure. When participating in the energy transfer of BATT5 and BATT4, it participates through the transfer capacitor C12. In this active balancing circuit, the function of the switch management module is to dynamically control the connection state between the battery and the transfer capacitor through multiple switch conduction units, so as to achieve efficient energy transfer. Each switch conduction unit is responsible for controlling the connection relationship between the positive and negative electrodes of a battery and the transfer capacitor. The voltage difference between each two adjacent batteries is balanced through the coordinated work of the switch conduction unit and the transfer capacitor. The core of its design is to jointly control a group of transfer capacitors through two switch conduction units to achieve orderly flow of energy from high-voltage batteries to low-voltage batteries. Each switch conduction unit includes two switch devices (such as MOS tubes), which are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery respectively. The first switch device controls the connection state of the positive electrode of the battery, while the second switch device controls the connection state of the negative electrode of the battery. The middle node of the two switching devices is directly connected to one end of the transport capacitor, thereby realizing the energy transfer from the capacitor to the battery. In two adjacent batteries, the switching device of the switch conduction unit of the first battery is connected to one end of the capacitor, and the switching device of the switch conduction unit of the second battery is connected to the other end of the capacitor, thereby forming a complete current path so that energy can flow between the batteries. The switching state of the switch conduction unit is determined by the control signal provided by the drive module. After receiving the drive signal generated by the control module, the drive module outputs a corresponding enable signal to each switch conduction unit. These enable signals control the conduction state of the switch conduction units of the first battery and the second battery respectively, so that the capacitor can be connected to one battery within a specific time, and then switch to the other battery to complete the charging and discharging process.

[0037] Taking the actual operation as an example, when the output signal of the driving module turns on the switch conduction unit of the first battery, one end of the capacitor is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the first battery, and the capacitor begins to draw energy from the first battery for charging; then, when the control signal of the driving module switches to the switch conduction unit that controls the second battery, the energy of the capacitor is released to the low-voltage second battery through the path connected to the second battery, thereby completing an energy transfer operation. In the whole process, the core role of the transfer capacitor is to act as an energy intermediary. Through its charging and discharging behavior, it transfers charge between high-voltage and low-voltage batteries and reduces the voltage difference between the two. The design of the switch conduction unit ensures the accuracy and flexibility of the connection between the capacitor and the battery. Each switch conduction unit can independently control the connection between the capacitor and different batteries according to the enable signal of the driving module. Through this modular design, the balancing operation of each pair of adjacent batteries in the battery pack can be realized, and it can be flexibly expanded to the balancing control of more batteries. The logical core of this design is to separate the control signal from the specific physical connection. The independent signal generated by the drive module (such as the first enable control signal and the second enable control signal) can accurately control the working state of a specific switch conduction unit, so that the circuit can dynamically adjust the connection relationship between the battery and the capacitor according to actual needs, avoiding multi-path signal conflicts, while ensuring the efficiency and stability of the circuit. In addition, this design effectively reduces the impact of current shock on the battery pack by limiting the charging and discharging path of the capacitor, thereby extending the battery life and optimizing energy utilization efficiency. Overall, the architecture of this switch management module not only realizes the efficient transfer of energy and dynamic balance of battery voltage, but also improves the flexibility of the system through a modular design, making it easy to expand to larger battery packs and adapt to more complex application scenarios. The control logic of the system is clear, and the coordinated work of the distributed switch conduction unit and the handling capacitor achieves the goal of efficient, energy-saving and safe balance.

[0038] Further, such as Figure 6As shown, the switch management module also includes an auxiliary control unit, the switch conduction unit corresponding to the last battery element in the battery pack is a switch conduction unit C, the switch conduction unit C includes a first MOS tube C and a second MOS tube C, the auxiliary control unit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor 4, a resistor R22, a diode D1, a diode D3, a voltage regulator tube ZD1, a voltage regulator tube ZD2, a MOS tube Q13 and a MOS tube Q19; the negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 is connected to the first enable control terminal of the driving chip U3, and the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 is connected to the positive terminal of the driving chip U3. The positive terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the controlled end of the first MOS tube C, the resistor R2 is connected between the common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 and the positive terminal of the diode D1 and the first conducting end of the second MOS tube C, the common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 and the positive terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the controlled end of the MOS tube Q13, the common node between the negative terminal of the diode D1 and the controlled end of the first MOS tube C and the first conducting end of the second MOS tube C is connected to the resistor R2. The resistor R1, the common node between the cathode terminal of the diode D1 and the controlled end of the first MOS tube C is connected to the first conduction end of the MOS tube Q13, the second conduction end of the MOS tube Q13 is connected to the first conduction end of the second MOS tube C, and the second conduction end of the second MOS tube C is grounded; the cathode terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the second enable control end of the driving chip U3, the anode terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the anode terminal of the diode D3, the cathode terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the controlled end of the second MOS tube C, and the voltage regulator tube Z The resistor R4 is connected between a common node between the positive terminal of D2 and the positive terminal of the diode D1 and the ground, a common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 and the positive terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the controlled end of the MOS tube Q19, a resistor R22 is connected between a common node between the negative terminal of the diode D3 and the controlled end of the second MOS tube C and the ground, a common node between the negative terminal of the diode D3 and the controlled end of the second MOS tube C is connected to the first conduction end of the MOS tube Q19, and the second conduction end of the MOS tube Q19 is grounded.

[0039] In this embodiment, MOS tube Q13 and MOS tube Q19 play a key auxiliary control role in the entire circuit. They are set to enhance the switch control and protection mechanism of the terminal battery element, and at the same time improve the response speed and accuracy of the control signal. Q13 and Q19 are respectively associated with the first MOS tube C and the second MOS tube C of the switch conduction unit C, and are responsible for assisting in controlling the working state of the two switch tubes. The design purpose is to solve the problems that may exist when directly using the drive signal to control the MOS tube, such as misconduction caused by signal fluctuations, damage to the switch tube by current impact, and insufficient response speed under dynamic working conditions. MOS tube Q13, voltage regulator tube ZD1, diode D1, and resistors R1 and R2 form a stable signal control loop, which serves to provide a more stable and accurate control signal to the controlled end of the first MOS tube C. In the control logic, when the first enable control end of the driver chip U3 outputs a signal, the voltage regulator tube ZD1 limits the voltage range of the input signal to prevent excessive voltage from directly acting on the controlled end of the first MOS tube C. Q13 further enhances the reliability of this signal. Its controlled end is connected to the positive terminal of the voltage regulator ZD1. When the signal limited by the voltage regulator reaches the set value, Q13 is turned on to allow the signal to pass. In this way, Q13 provides a controllable path for the first MOS tube C, and also amplifies and adjusts the signal at the controlled end. The existence of Q13 makes the conduction of the first MOS tube C faster and more reliable, thereby effectively avoiding the misconduction phenomenon caused by signal jitter or insufficiency. In addition, Q13 also assumes the role of shunting part of the current, plays a buffering effect in the circuit, and further protects the stable operation of the first MOS tube C. MOS tube Q19, together with the voltage regulator ZD2, diode D3, and resistors R4 and R22, constitute an auxiliary control loop for the second MOS tube C. Its function is similar to that of Q13, but it acts on the controlled end of the second MOS tube C, and is mainly responsible for adjusting the transmission and output of the drive signal. When the second enable control end of the driver chip U3 outputs a signal, the voltage regulator ZD2 also limits the signal voltage to ensure that the signal is within a safe range. The controlled end of Q19 is connected to the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2. When the signal reaches the set control level, Q19 is turned on, so that the signal can be transmitted to the controlled end of the second MOS tube C through the diode D3. The setting of Q19 enables the signal to reach the controlled end of the second MOS tube C more smoothly. At the same time, its high-speed switching characteristics enable the second MOS tube C to respond to the control signal in the shortest time and achieve precise switching operation. Q19 also assumes a certain current buffering function in the dynamic working state, effectively reducing the impact of current shock on the second MOS tube C. Another important reason for setting MOS tubes Q13 and Q19 is to optimize the dynamic response capability of the circuit.In the circuit, due to the high switching frequency of the terminal battery element, the control signal needs to be quickly transmitted to the first MOS tube C and the second MOS tube C, and direct control through the drive signal may cause switch response delay or even malfunction due to signal attenuation or interference. By introducing Q13 and Q19, the signal transmission path is optimized, which can effectively shorten the signal transmission time and enhance the signal strength, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of the switch conduction unit C under high-frequency operation. In addition, the setting of Q13 and Q19 also improves the robustness of the entire auxiliary control unit. Under dynamic working conditions, the circuit may be affected by external electromagnetic interference or transient signals. This interference may cause the first MOS tube C and the second MOS tube C to accidentally turn on or off, thereby affecting the energy transfer efficiency of the terminal battery element. Q13 and Q19 effectively filter these interference signals through the voltage stabilization and rectification functions in their control paths, ensure the purity of the controlled end signal, and make the switch operation more precise.

[0040] In general, the role of MOS tubes Q13 and Q19 in this circuit is not only a simple signal transmission medium, but also a part of the protection and regulation mechanism for the terminal battery element in the switch management module. They significantly improve the reliability and safety of the terminal battery element connection by enhancing signal stability, reducing current impact, improving dynamic response speed and filtering interference signals. This design is to provide more precise control under high-frequency switching conditions, while ensuring the stable operation of the entire balancing circuit in complex environments.

[0041] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown, the sampling signal input end of the control module includes multiple sampling input ports, the pressure difference sampling module includes multiple pressure difference sampling units, the pressure difference sampling unit includes a first voltage-dividing resistor and a second voltage-dividing resistor, the common node between two adjacent battery elements is connected to the first end of the first voltage-dividing resistor, the second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor is connected to the first end of the second voltage-dividing resistor, the second end of the second voltage-dividing resistor is grounded, and the common node between the second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor and the first end of the second voltage-dividing resistor is connected to the sampling input port.

[0042] In this embodiment, if Figure 4As shown, the first voltage-dividing resistor is R5 in the figure, the second voltage-dividing resistor is R3 in the figure, the common node of the two adjacent battery elements is connected to the first end of the first voltage-dividing resistor, and the second end of the first voltage-dividing resistor is connected to the first end of the second voltage-dividing resistor, forming a voltage-dividing network. In the voltage-dividing network, the second end of the second voltage-dividing resistor is grounded, and the middle node of the voltage-dividing network transmits the voltage signal after voltage division to the control module through the sampling input port; through this connection mode, the voltage difference sampling module can collect the voltage difference between the two adjacent batteries and convert it into a voltage signal suitable for processing by the control module. The function of the voltage-dividing resistor is to reduce the higher battery voltage proportionally so as not to exceed the input voltage range of the control module. The resistance design of the first voltage-dividing resistor and the second voltage-dividing resistor needs to be accurately calculated to ensure that the voltage division ratio is stable and reliable, so as to ensure that the signal received by the control module truly reflects the actual voltage difference between the batteries; the sampling signal input end of the control module is connected to the voltage-dividing middle node of the voltage-dividing sampling unit. This design enables the output of each sampling unit to be independently input into the control module, ensuring that the voltage difference of each pair of adjacent batteries in the battery pack can be monitored in real time. After the sampling signals enter the control module through multiple sampling input ports, the module will determine the voltage difference between each pair of adjacent batteries based on these signals. The control module can not only identify the unbalanced batteries in the battery pack based on these voltage difference information, but also generate corresponding control signals to adjust the output of the drive module in combination with the balancing strategy in the circuit, thereby correcting the unbalanced state.

[0043] In another embodiment: like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, it is a flow chart of one of the switch conduction units of the switch management module, the first switch tube is the first MOS tube A, the first MOS tube B or the first MOS tube C, and can also be the second MOS tube A, the second MOS tube B or the second MOS tube C, that is, any MOS tube in the above embodiments, and the second switch tube is a MOS tube located on the common data transmission path, the third switch tube is a MOS tube on the independent data transmission path, and the second switch tube and the third switch tube are controlled by other enable control ports of the control module or enable control ports of other auxiliary control modules. When the common data transmission path is selected, the second switch tube is selected to be turned on and the third switch tube is closed, and when the independent data transmission path is selected, the second switch tube is selected to be closed and the third switch tube is turned on, so that the first switch tube can receive PWM signals with different duty cycles.

[0044] like Figure 8 As shown, an active equalization method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time is applied to an active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time. The active equalization method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time includes: S10, obtaining battery pressure difference data, the battery pressure difference data is the voltage difference between two adjacent battery elements; in this embodiment, obtaining battery pressure difference data refers to real-time acquisition of the voltage difference between each pair of adjacent batteries in the battery pack through the pressure difference sampling module. These voltage differences are important manifestations of the current working state of each battery in the battery pack, and can accurately reflect the balance of the battery pack. The collection process of pressure difference data depends on multiple pressure difference sampling units in the pressure difference sampling module. Each pressure difference sampling unit includes a first voltage divider resistor and a second voltage divider resistor. After the high voltage signal is divided, the divided signal is transmitted to the control module. Specifically, the common node between adjacent batteries is connected to the pressure difference sampling unit, and the sampling unit reduces the original voltage difference to a safe voltage range that the control module can handle through the voltage divider network. For example, if the voltages of two adjacent batteries are 3.7V and 3.6V respectively, and the pressure difference is 0.1V, the sampling unit converts this difference into a signal of 0.01V or other proportions according to the voltage divider ratio, and then transmits it to the control module for subsequent processing. Through this acquisition process, the voltage difference between each pair of adjacent batteries can be obtained in real time, ensuring the accuracy and dynamic response capability of subsequent balancing operations.

[0045] S20, matching the corresponding voltage difference threshold interval according to the battery voltage difference data; in this embodiment, matching the corresponding voltage difference threshold interval according to the battery voltage difference data means that after receiving the voltage difference signal transmitted by the sampling module, the control module compares the signal with the preset voltage difference range and classifies it into different voltage difference threshold intervals. The division of the voltage difference threshold interval is usually set according to the specific performance requirements and balancing strategy of the battery pack, for example, the small voltage difference interval is 0-0.2V, and the large voltage difference interval is 0.2V and above. Through such interval division, the control module can quickly identify the battery pairs that need to be balanced first, and judge the strength of the balancing strategy to be executed. For example, if the voltage difference between two batteries is detected to be 0.25V, the control module classifies the data as a large voltage difference interval, indicating that the voltage difference between the two batteries is large, and a strong balancing operation is required to reduce the voltage difference. Through this interval matching mechanism, the efficiency and intelligence of the balancing process can be effectively improved, while avoiding excessive balancing operations on battery pairs with smaller balancing requirements.

[0046] S30, according to the pressure difference threshold interval, generate corresponding balancing control parameters; in this embodiment, generating corresponding balancing control parameters according to the pressure difference threshold interval means that the control module generates a set of specific operating parameters according to the interval to which the battery pressure difference belongs, and these parameters include the frequency of the PWM signal, the duty cycle, the duration of the balancing operation, etc., which are used to control the charging and discharging rhythm and intensity of the transport capacitor during the balancing process. For a small pressure difference interval, the control module may generate a higher frequency PWM signal to quickly complete the balancing; while for a large pressure difference interval, a lower frequency and a larger duty cycle PWM signal may be generated to extend the charging and discharging time of the transport capacitor, thereby ensuring the stability and effectiveness of the balancing process. For example, when it is detected that the pressure difference of a pair of batteries is 0.3V and is classified as a large pressure difference interval, the control module may generate a PWM signal with a duty cycle of 60% and a frequency of 10kHz, and set a longer balancing operation time to ensure that the transport capacitor can transfer energy smoothly and efficiently, and gradually reduce the voltage difference between the two batteries. This mechanism of dynamically generating control parameters can flexibly adjust the balancing operation according to the actual state of the battery pack to ensure maximum balancing efficiency while avoiding potential damage to the battery due to current shock.

[0047] S40, according to the balancing control parameters, perform the corresponding capacitor energy transfer operation. In this embodiment, performing the corresponding capacitor energy transfer operation according to the balancing control parameters means that the control module uses the generated PWM signal to control the states of the switch conduction units of the switch management module through the driving module, so that the transport capacitor is connected to the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery in turn, thereby realizing the transfer of energy. In the specific operation, the transport capacitor is first connected to the high-voltage battery through the switch conduction unit for charging. When the charging is completed, the switch state is switched, and the transport capacitor is connected to the low-voltage battery to release energy to the low-voltage battery to reduce the voltage difference. For example, if the voltage difference between the two batteries is 0.25V, the PWM signal generated by the control module will control the switch conduction unit to switch at a fixed frequency, so that the transport capacitor completes the charge and discharge operation in a certain period, and gradually reduces the voltage difference to below the set threshold (such as 0.05V). In this process, the control module will monitor the change of the voltage difference in real time, dynamically adjust the time parameters and operation frequency of the switch conduction, ensure the smooth and efficient balancing process, and minimize energy loss. This energy transfer operation not only improves the balancing speed, but also extends the battery life by reducing the impact of transient large current on the battery, optimizing the performance and operating stability of the entire battery pack.

[0048] In one embodiment, if Fig. 9 As shown, in step S30, that is, the step of generating corresponding balancing control parameters according to the pressure difference threshold interval, the balancing control parameters include equal timing control parameters and logic OR gate control parameters, and the step further includes: S301, obtaining the unit type data of the switch conduction unit in the switch management module; in this embodiment, obtaining the unit type data of the switch conduction unit in the switch management module means that the control module obtains the specific configuration of each switch conduction unit in the current switch management module through internal logic or external sampling, including its structural characteristics and the connection type of the components. The unit type data reflects the composition of each switch conduction unit, such as whether it is composed of a single switch tube element, or whether it contains multiple switch tube elements and constitutes a complex logic circuit. These data can be transmitted to the control module in real time through the detection circuit inside the switch management module or the communication interface with the control module. For example, in actual applications, a switch conduction unit may include a first MOS tube A and a second MOS tube A, or be composed of a first MOS tube A and an additional logic or gate. The control module identifies the specific type of each switch unit by collecting this information, providing a basis for subsequent balancing operations.

[0049] S302, if the unit type data is a single switch tube element, then according to the voltage difference threshold interval, generate equal timing control parameters; in this embodiment, if the unit type data is a single switch tube element, then according to the voltage difference threshold interval, generate equal timing control parameters, which means that when the switch conduction unit in the switch management module is composed of a single MOS tube, the control module generates fixed balancing operation timing parameters for it according to the simple structural characteristics of the unit and the corresponding voltage difference threshold interval. These equal timing control parameters usually include a fixed PWM signal frequency and duty cycle, which are used to directly drive the switch tube to carry energy in the balancing operation. For example, when the voltage difference between a pair of adjacent batteries belongs to the medium voltage difference interval, the control module may generate a 50% duty cycle and a 20kHz PWM signal for a single MOS tube to ensure that the transport capacitor can efficiently and stably complete the balancing operation. Since the structure of a single switch tube is relatively simple, the use of equal timing control parameters can simplify the control logic, reduce the calculation complexity, and improve the response speed of the system.

[0050] S303, if the unit type data is a packaged assembly composed of multiple switch tube elements and at least constitutes a logic or gate network, then generate a logic or gate control parameter according to the voltage difference threshold interval. In this embodiment, if the unit type data is a packaged assembly composed of multiple switch tube elements and at least constitutes a logic or gate network, then generating a logic or gate control parameter according to the voltage difference threshold interval means that when the switch conduction unit of the switch management module is composed of multiple MOS tubes and constitutes a more complex logical structure, the control module will generate more flexible balancing operation parameters for it according to this structural feature and the voltage difference threshold interval. These logic or gate control parameters include a combination of multiple PWM signal frequencies and duty cycles, which are used to control different switch tube elements to turn on or off. For example, when the voltage difference between a pair of adjacent batteries in a battery pack is large, the control module may generate a lower frequency PWM signal (such as 10kHz) for the first MOS tube, and a higher frequency PWM signal (such as 50kHz) for the second MOS tube, so as to dynamically adjust the path and intensity of energy transfer according to actual balancing needs. This multi-signal combination control method can perform refined energy management for complex switch structures, thereby improving the flexibility and efficiency of balancing; Figure 7 The flowchart of the switch management module shown in shows a typical switch conduction unit working mode. The first switch tube can be the first MOS tube A, the first MOS tube B or the first MOS tube C, or the second MOS tube A, the second MOS tube B or the second MOS tube C. The specific selection depends on the balancing strategy and the instruction of the control module. The second switch tube and the third switch tube are responsible for the control of the common data transmission path and the independent data transmission path respectively. The second switch tube is located on the common data transmission path, and the specific enable control port of the control module is responsible for its on or off state; while the third switch tube is located on the independent data transmission path and is controlled by the auxiliary control module or other enable control ports. When the control module chooses to use the common data transmission path, the second switch tube is turned on and the third switch tube is closed to ensure that the energy transfer operation is uniformly performed through the common path to reduce circuit complexity and signal interference. For example, when the battery voltage difference is small (such as below 0.05V), selecting the common path can quickly complete the balancing task. When an independent data transmission path is required, for example, when the voltage difference is large (such as above 0.3V) and higher balancing accuracy is required, the control module will turn off the second switch tube and turn on the third switch tube, thereby providing PWM signals with different duty cycles to the first switch tube through an independent path to more accurately adjust the energy transfer process. This flexible switching path design can not only meet different balancing requirements, but also improve the system's adaptability and operating efficiency in complex scenarios.

[0051] In one embodiment, if Fig.10As shown, in step S302, i.e., the step of generating equal timing control parameters according to the pressure difference threshold interval, the equal timing control parameters include a first PWM frequency parameter and a second PWM frequency parameter, and the step further includes: S3021, extracting the upper limit value in each of the pressure difference threshold intervals; in this embodiment, extracting the upper limit value in each of the pressure difference threshold intervals means that the control module extracts the maximum voltage difference value of each interval from the pressure difference threshold interval through the internal preset balancing strategy, as the basis for subsequent control logic and parameter generation. The pressure difference threshold interval is a range used to classify the pressure difference between batteries. For example, for the balancing strategy, the battery pressure difference can be divided into a low pressure difference interval, a medium pressure difference interval and a high pressure difference interval, and the upper limit values ​​corresponding to each interval are 0.05 volts, 0.2 volts and 0.5 volts respectively. These upper limit values ​​are extracted as a numerical benchmark for measuring the voltage difference between batteries, which is convenient for subsequent processing. For example, when the control module detects that the pressure differences of multiple battery pairs in the current battery pack are 0.03 volts, 0.18 volts and 0.4 volts respectively, these values ​​will be mapped to the low pressure difference interval, the medium pressure difference interval and the high pressure difference interval respectively, and the upper limit value of each interval will be extracted as the representative value of the interval, corresponding to 0.05 volts, 0.2 volts and 0.5 volts respectively. The technical effect of this step is that, by extracting the upper limit value of the interval, the control module can quickly convert different pressure difference states into a unified numerical reference, thereby providing a clear basis for subsequent parameter generation.

[0052] S3022, determine whether the upper limit values ​​are consistent, if so, generate the corresponding first PWM frequency parameter according to the upper limit value; in this embodiment, determining whether the upper limit values ​​are consistent means that the control module extracts the upper limit values ​​of all voltage difference intervals and compares these upper limit values ​​one by one to determine whether they are exactly the same. If all the upper limit values ​​are consistent, it means that the voltage difference distribution of each pair of batteries in the battery pack is relatively uniform, without obvious differences, and the entire system can be processed using a unified balancing strategy. In this case, the control module will generate a first PWM frequency parameter based on the same upper limit value, which is used to control the relevant switch units in the switch management module to perform balancing operations with a unified timing. For example, if all the upper limit values ​​extracted are 0.2 volts, the control module will generate a PWM signal with a frequency of 20 kHz and a duty cycle of 50%, ensuring that all battery pairs perform energy handling operations at the same rhythm. The technical effect of this unified processing method is to simplify the balancing logic, reduce the complexity of the control signal, and also ensure the synchronization and efficiency of the entire battery pack balancing process.

[0053] S3023, if not, then determine one or more upper limit values ​​with the highest values ​​among the upper limit values ​​as the first target value, and generate the corresponding second PWM frequency parameter according to the first target value. In this embodiment, if the upper limit values ​​are inconsistent, then determine one or more upper limit values ​​with the highest values ​​among the upper limit values ​​as the first target value, and generate the corresponding second PWM frequency parameter according to the first target value, which means that when there are differences in the upper limit values ​​of the extracted pressure difference interval, the control module will give priority to the upper limit value with the highest value, or select multiple upper limit values ​​with higher values ​​as the first target value according to specific requirements, to guide the generation of PWM frequency parameters that are more suitable for the current state of the battery pack. The design of this logic is based on the principle of giving priority to high-voltage difference battery pairs, so as to eliminate the influence of high-voltage difference on the overall performance of the battery pack as soon as possible. For example, when the upper limit values ​​of the pressure difference interval extracted are 0.05 volts, 0.2 volts and 0.4 volts respectively, the control module will select the highest 0.4 volt as the first target value, and generate a PWM signal with a frequency of 10 kHz and a duty cycle of 70% according to this target value, which is specifically used for the balancing operation of the high-voltage difference battery pair. In addition, if the system detects that there are multiple battery pairs with voltage differences close to the maximum value (such as two voltage differences are close to 0.4 volts), the control module can select these higher upper limits as target values ​​and allocate priority balancing resources to them. The second PWM frequency parameter generated in this way can dynamically adjust the frequency and intensity of the balancing operation to quickly reduce the impact of the high voltage difference on the battery pack while avoiding excessive treatment of the low voltage difference battery pair. The technical effect of this design is that it can significantly improve the balancing efficiency of the system while protecting the battery from damage caused by excessive balancing operations, thereby extending the service life of the battery pack and optimizing overall performance.

[0054] In one embodiment, if Fig.11 As shown, in step S303, that is, in the step of generating a logic OR gate control parameter according to the voltage difference threshold interval, the logic OR gate control parameter includes a third PWM frequency parameter and a fourth PWM frequency parameter, including S3031, determine the upper limit value of each of the pressure difference threshold intervals; in this embodiment, determining the upper limit value of each of the pressure difference threshold intervals means that the control module extracts the maximum pressure difference value of each interval as the upper limit value through the preset pressure difference threshold interval. These upper limits are important parameters for defining different interval ranges, and can intuitively reflect the pressure difference state of adjacent battery pairs in the battery pack. For example, if the pressure difference threshold intervals are set as low pressure difference intervals, medium pressure difference intervals and high pressure difference intervals, their upper limits are 0.05 volts, 0.2 volts and 0.5 volts respectively. When the control module receives the battery pressure difference signals transmitted by the pressure difference sampling module, it maps these signals to different threshold intervals and extracts the upper limit value of each interval as the input parameter for the next step of processing. Through this process, the control module can quickly determine the current pressure difference distribution of the battery pack and provide accurate reference data for subsequent control logic. The technical effect of this operation is to improve the system's analysis efficiency of battery pressure difference and lay a data foundation for the dynamic adjustment of the balancing strategy.

[0055] S3032, determine whether the upper limit values ​​are consistent, if so, generate the corresponding third PWM frequency parameter according to the upper limit value; in this embodiment, determining whether the upper limit values ​​are consistent means that after the control module extracts the upper limit values ​​of each voltage difference interval, it compares these upper limit values ​​one by one to determine whether they are exactly the same. If the upper limit values ​​of all intervals are consistent, it means that the voltage difference distribution between each pair of adjacent batteries in the battery pack is relatively uniform, and there is no significant difference. In this case, the balancing operation can adopt a unified logic path and control strategy. The control module will generate a third PWM frequency parameter based on these same upper limit values, and the parameter is used to select a common data transmission path in the logic or gate network. For example, if the extracted upper limit values ​​are all 0.2 volts, the control module will generate a third PWM frequency parameter with a frequency of 15 kHz and a duty cycle of 50%, which is used to activate the relevant logic path in the switch conduction unit to ensure that the energy handling operation of all battery pairs is based on the common data transmission path. The technical effect of this logic design is to simplify the control logic, reduce the complexity of signal distribution, and improve the synchronization and efficiency of the balancing process.

[0056] S3033, if not, then determine the inconsistent upper limit value among the upper limit values ​​as the second target value, generate the corresponding third PWM frequency parameter according to the upper limit value, and generate the corresponding fourth PWM frequency parameter according to the second target value, the third PWM frequency parameter is used to make the switch conduction unit select the common data transmission path included in the logic or gate network, and the fourth PWM frequency parameter is used to make the switch conduction unit select the independent data transmission path included in the logic or gate network. In this embodiment, if the upper limit values ​​are inconsistent, then determine the inconsistent upper limit value among the upper limit values ​​as the second target value, generate the corresponding third PWM frequency parameter according to the upper limit value, and generate the corresponding fourth PWM frequency parameter according to the second target value, which means that when the control module detects that there is a difference in the extracted upper limit value of the pressure difference threshold interval, these inconsistent upper limit values ​​will be preferentially selected as target parameters for generating control signals for different paths. In this case, the control module will generate the third PWM frequency parameter according to the upper limit value for activating the common data transmission path of the logic or gate network, and generate the fourth PWM frequency parameter according to the second target value for activating the independent data transmission path of the logic or gate network. For example, if the upper limit values ​​extracted are 0.05 volts, 0.3 volts and 0.5 volts, respectively, where 0.3 volts and 0.5 volts are inconsistent upper limit values, the control module will generate corresponding control signals respectively, wherein the third PWM frequency parameter (such as 20 kHz, 60% duty cycle) is used for balancing in a lower voltage difference range, and the fourth PWM frequency parameter (such as 10 kHz, 80% duty cycle) is used for energy handling operations in a high voltage difference range. In specific operations, if it is detected that some battery pairs need to be subjected to stronger balancing operations through independent data transmission paths, the fourth PWM frequency parameter will preferentially activate the independent path in the switch management module. The technical effect of this design is to realize the partition control of different voltage difference conditions in the battery pack, and to provide more accurate and efficient balancing operations for high voltage difference battery pairs, while adopting a milder balancing strategy in low voltage difference battery pairs, thereby achieving an overall optimization effect. Through the coordinated work of the third PWM frequency parameter and the fourth PWM frequency parameter, the system can flexibly switch the balancing path, improve the balancing efficiency and extend the service life of the battery pack.

[0057] In one embodiment, if Fig.12 As shown, in step S40, that is, the step of performing the corresponding capacitor energy transfer operation according to the balancing control parameter, the capacitor energy transfer operation is an operation of repeatedly performing a plurality of switching cycles, wherein the switching cycle includes a capacitor storage operation and a capacitor discharge operation, including: S401, according to the balancing control parameters, determine the first state cycle of the first switch state and the second state cycle of the second switch state, as well as the number of switch cycles, wherein the first switch state and the second switch state are the conduction states of the switch conduction unit in the switch management module; in this embodiment, according to the balancing control parameters, determine the first state cycle of the first switch state and the second state cycle of the second switch state, as well as the number of switch cycles, which means that the control module determines the duration of the charging and discharging operation of the capacitor in each energy transfer process and the total number of switch cycles to be performed in the entire balancing process according to the balancing control parameters generated in advance. The first state cycle corresponds to the charging time of the capacitor to obtain energy from the high-voltage battery, and the second state cycle corresponds to the discharge time of the capacitor to release energy to the low-voltage battery. The number of switch cycles represents the number of charge and discharge cycles that the capacitor needs to complete in the entire balancing operation. For example, when the voltage difference between the two batteries is detected to be 0.3 volts, the control module may set the first state cycle to 10 milliseconds, the second state cycle to 15 milliseconds, and the total number of switch cycles to 100 times according to the balancing strategy of the high voltage difference, so as to ensure that the voltage difference is gradually reduced to the target range. The technical effect of this operation is that by accurately setting the time of each state cycle and the total number of cycles, it can ensure that the capacitor can efficiently transport energy while avoiding damage to the battery and circuit due to excessive operation.

[0058] S402, execute the capacitor storage operation, the capacitor storage operation is to control the switch conduction unit in the switch management module to switch to the first switch state, and start timing until the duration specified by the first state cycle is reached; in this embodiment, the capacitor storage operation is executed, which means that the control module activates the specific switch conduction unit in the switch management module through the driving module, connects the two ends of the capacitor to the high voltage battery, and starts timing to ensure that the capacitor is charged within the preset first state cycle. During the capacitor storage operation, the capacitor obtains charge from the high voltage battery until the set energy storage time is reached. To ensure the safety and accuracy of the energy storage process, the control module adjusts the duration of the first state cycle in real time according to the current battery voltage difference and the balancing strategy. For example, when the voltage of the high voltage battery is 3.7 volts and the voltage of the low voltage battery is 3.4 volts, the control module may set the first state cycle to 10 milliseconds to prevent the capacitor from being filled too quickly and causing excessive transient current or affecting subsequent balancing operations. The technical effect of this process is to ensure that the capacitor efficiently completes energy acquisition during energy storage through precise time control and path selection, while avoiding circuit heat loss and energy waste caused by overcharging.

[0059] S403, if the duration specified by the first state cycle is reached, the capacitor discharge operation is performed, and the capacitor discharge operation is to control the switch conduction unit in the switch management module to switch to the second switch state, and start timing until the duration specified by the second state cycle is reached; in this embodiment, if the duration specified by the first state cycle is reached, the capacitor discharge operation is performed, which means that when the control module detects that the capacitor storage operation reaches the predetermined first state cycle, the switch management module is immediately controlled to switch the state of the switch conduction unit, and the capacitor is switched from the connection state of the high-voltage battery to the state of the connection with the low-voltage battery, thereby starting the discharge operation. During the discharge process, the charge in the capacitor is gradually released to the low-voltage battery, so that its voltage gradually rises, thereby achieving voltage balance between adjacent batteries. The control module will start timing after the discharge operation starts, and strictly control the discharge time according to the preset second state cycle. For example, when the capacitor has been fully charged to 3.6 volts through the previous cycle and the voltage of the low-voltage battery is 3.4 volts, the control module may set the second state cycle to 15 milliseconds to ensure that the energy released by the capacitor can be smoothly transferred to the low-voltage battery until the voltage difference is further reduced to the target range. The technical effect of this process is to avoid battery shock caused by too fast energy release through precise discharge time control and path switching, thereby further protecting the battery and extending its service life.

[0060] S404, if the duration specified by the second state cycle is reached, the switch management module passes through a switch cycle, records the current cycle number, determines whether the current cycle number is equal to the switch cycle number, if not, re-executes a new switch cycle, if yes, stops executing the new switch cycle. In this embodiment, if the duration specified by the second state cycle is reached, the switch management module passes through a switch cycle, records the current cycle number, determines whether the current cycle number is equal to the switch cycle number, if not, re-executes a new switch cycle, if yes, stops executing the new switch cycle, means that after each charging and discharging operation is completed, the control module will mark the current cycle as a complete switching cycle and update the number of cycles executed. When the total number of switching cycles has not reached the preset value, the control module will restart a new switching cycle and repeat the charging and discharging operation of the capacitor until all the predetermined cycles are executed. For example, if the control module sets the number of switching cycles to 100 according to the balancing strategy, after completing the first cycle, the current cycle number will be recorded as 1, and the next capacitor storage operation will continue to be started until all 100 cycles are completed. If the voltage difference has dropped below the target range within 100 cycles, the control module will terminate the operation in advance based on the real-time detection data, thereby avoiding unnecessary balancing. The technical effect of this process is to ensure that the capacitor energy transfer operation meets the balancing requirements while avoiding unnecessary energy loss caused by too many cycles through dynamic management of the number of switching cycles, and to terminate the operation in time after the balancing is completed, thereby improving the energy utilization efficiency and operation stability of the system.

[0061] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time, characterized in that: The active equalization circuit for adjusting the battery voltage difference in real time comprises a battery pack, a voltage difference sampling module, a control module, a driving module, a switch management module and a plurality of transport capacitors; The battery pack includes a plurality of battery elements arranged in series; The sampling signal input end of the pressure difference sampling module is respectively connected to the common node between each two adjacent battery elements, and the sampling signal output end of the pressure difference sampling module is connected to the sampling signal input end of the control module; The driving signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the driving signal input terminal of the driving module; The enable signal output terminal of the driving module is connected to the enable signal input terminal of the switch management module; In every two adjacent battery elements, the power output end of one of the battery elements is connected to the first power input end of the switch management module, the first power output end of the switch management module is connected to the first end of the transport capacitor, the second end of the transport capacitor is connected to the second power input end of the switch management module, and the second power output end of the switch management module is connected to the power input end of the other battery element.

2. The active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving signal output end of the control module includes a first driving output port and a second driving output port. The driving module includes a driving chip U3. The first driving signal input end of the driving chip U3 is connected to the first driving output port, and the second driving signal input end of the driving chip U3 is connected to the second driving output port. The first enable control end and the second enable control end of the driving chip U3 are respectively connected to the enable signal input end of the switch management module to control different switching operations of the switch management module.

3. The active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time according to claim 2, characterized in that: The switch management module includes a plurality of switch conduction units, wherein each of the switch conduction units is correspondingly provided with one of the battery elements, and in each of two adjacent battery elements, at least two of the switch conduction units and one of the transport capacitors participate in energy transport, namely, a switch conduction unit A and a switch conduction unit B, wherein the switch conduction unit A includes a first MOS tube A and a second MOS tube A, and the switch conduction unit B includes a first MOS tube B and a second MOS tube B; The first conducting end of the first MOS tube A is connected to the positive electrode of one of the battery elements, the second conducting end of the first MOS tube A is connected to the first conducting end of the second MOS tube A, the second conducting end of the second MOS tube A is connected to the negative electrode of one of the battery elements, the first conducting end of the first MOS tube B is connected to the positive electrode of another battery element, the second conducting end of the first MOS tube B is connected to the first conducting end of the second MOS tube B, the second conducting end of the second MOS tube B is connected to the negative electrode of another battery element, the controlled end of the first MOS tube A and the controlled end of the second MOS tube A are both connected to the first enabling control end of the driving chip U3, and the controlled end of the first MOS tube B and the controlled end of the second MOS tube B are both connected to the second enabling control end of the driving chip U3; A common node between the second conduction end of the first MOS transistor A and the second MOS transistor A is connected to the first end of the transfer capacitor, and a common node between the second conduction end of the first MOS transistor B and the second MOS transistor B is connected to the second end of the transfer capacitor.

4. The active equalization circuit for real-time adjustment of battery voltage difference according to claim 3, characterized in that: The switch management module also includes an auxiliary control unit, the switch conduction unit corresponding to the last battery element in the battery pack is a switch conduction unit C, the switch conduction unit C includes a first MOS tube C and a second MOS tube C, and the auxiliary control unit includes a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor 4, a resistor R22, a diode D1, a diode D3, a voltage regulator tube ZD1, a voltage regulator tube ZD2, a MOS tube Q13 and a MOS tube Q19; The negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 is connected to the first enable control terminal of the driving chip U3, the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D1, the negative terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the controlled terminal of the first MOS tube C, the resistor R2 is connected between the common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 and the positive terminal of the diode D1 and the first conduction terminal of the second MOS tube C, the common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD1 and the positive terminal of the diode D1 is connected to the controlled terminal of the MOS tube Q13, the resistor R1 is connected between the common node between the negative terminal of the diode D1 and the controlled terminal of the first MOS tube C and the first conduction terminal of the second MOS tube C, the common node between the negative terminal of the diode D1 and the controlled terminal of the first MOS tube C is connected to the first conduction terminal of the MOS tube Q13, the second conduction terminal of the MOS tube Q13 is connected to the first conduction terminal of the second MOS tube C, and the second conduction terminal of the second MOS tube C is grounded; The negative terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the second enable control terminal of the driving chip U3, the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 is connected to the positive terminal of the diode D3, the negative terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the controlled terminal of the second MOS tube C, the resistor R4 is connected between the common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 and the positive terminal of the diode D1 and the ground, the common node between the positive terminal of the voltage regulator tube ZD2 and the positive terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the controlled terminal of the MOS tube Q19, the resistor R22 is connected between the common node between the negative terminal of the diode D3 and the controlled terminal of the second MOS tube C and the ground, the common node between the negative terminal of the diode D3 and the controlled terminal of the second MOS tube C is connected to the first conduction terminal of the MOS tube Q19, and the second conduction terminal of the MOS tube Q19 is grounded.

5. The active equalization circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling signal input end of the control module includes multiple sampling input ports, the pressure difference sampling module includes multiple pressure difference sampling units, the pressure difference sampling unit includes a first voltage dividing resistor and a second voltage dividing resistor, the common node between two adjacent battery elements is connected to the first end of the first voltage dividing resistor, the second end of the first voltage dividing resistor is connected to the first end of the second voltage dividing resistor, the second end of the second voltage dividing resistor is grounded, and the common node between the second end of the first voltage dividing resistor and the first end of the second voltage dividing resistor is connected to the sampling input port.

6. An active equalization method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time, characterized in that: An active balancing circuit for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the active balancing method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time comprises: Acquiring battery voltage difference data, wherein the battery voltage difference data is a voltage difference between two adjacent battery elements; Matching a corresponding pressure difference threshold interval according to the battery pressure difference data; generating corresponding balancing control parameters according to the pressure difference threshold interval; According to the balancing control parameters, corresponding capacitive energy transfer operations are performed.

7. The active equalization method for real-time adjustment of battery voltage difference according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step of generating corresponding balancing control parameters according to the pressure difference threshold interval, the balancing control parameters include equal timing control parameters and logic OR gate control parameters, and the step further includes: Acquire unit type data of the switch conduction unit in the switch management module; If the unit type data is a single switch tube element, then generating equal timing control parameters according to the voltage difference threshold interval; If the unit type data is a packaged aggregate composed of multiple switch tube elements and at least constitutes one logic OR gate network, then a logic OR gate control parameter is generated according to the voltage difference threshold range.

8. The active equalization method for adjusting battery voltage difference in real time according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step of generating equal timing control parameters according to the pressure difference threshold interval, the equal timing control parameters include a first PWM frequency parameter and a second PWM frequency parameter, and the step further includes: Extracting upper limit values ​​in each of the pressure difference threshold intervals; Determine whether the upper limit values ​​are consistent, and if so, generate a corresponding first PWM frequency parameter according to the upper limit value; If not, one or more upper limit values ​​with the highest values ​​are determined as the first target value among the upper limit values, and the corresponding second PWM frequency parameter is generated according to the first target value.

9. The active equalization method for real-time adjustment of battery voltage difference according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step of generating a logic OR gate control parameter according to the voltage difference threshold interval, the logic OR gate control parameter includes a third PWM frequency parameter and a fourth PWM frequency parameter, including Determining the upper limit value of each of the pressure difference threshold intervals; Determine whether the upper limit values ​​are consistent, and if so, generate a corresponding third PWM frequency parameter according to the upper limit value; If not, then the inconsistent upper limit value is determined among the upper limit values ​​as the second target value, and a corresponding third PWM frequency parameter is generated according to the upper limit value, and a corresponding fourth PWM frequency parameter is generated according to the second target value, the third PWM frequency parameter is used to enable the switch conduction unit to select a common data transmission path included in the logical OR network, and the fourth PWM frequency parameter is used to enable the switch conduction unit to select an independent data transmission path included in the logical OR network.

10. The active equalization method for real-time adjustment of battery voltage difference according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step of performing the corresponding capacitor energy transfer operation according to the balancing control parameter, the capacitor energy transfer operation is an operation of repeatedly performing a plurality of switching cycles, wherein the switching cycle includes a capacitor storage operation and a capacitor discharge operation, including: Determine, according to the balancing control parameter, a first state period of a first switch state and a second state period of a second switch state, as well as the number of switch cycles, wherein the first switch state and the second switch state are the conduction states of the switch conduction unit in the switch management module; Executing the capacitor storage operation, wherein the capacitor storage operation is to control the switch conduction unit in the switch management module to switch to the first switch state, and start timing until the duration specified by the first state cycle is reached; If the duration specified by the first state cycle is reached, the capacitor discharge operation is performed, and the capacitor discharge operation is to control the switch conduction unit in the switch management module to switch to the second switch state, and start timing until the duration specified by the second state cycle is reached; If the duration specified by the second state cycle is reached, the switch management module goes through a switch cycle, records the current cycle number, and determines whether the current cycle number is equal to the switch cycle number. If not, a new switch cycle is re-executed; if so, the new switch cycle is stopped.

Images