Outdoor phase change type thermoelectric power generation energy storage device

Abstract

The invention provides an outdoor phase change type thermoelectric power generation and energy storage device, which is applied to the technical field of thermoelectric power generation and comprises a heat storage tank, a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet, an energy storage battery and a control system, the heat storage tank collects and stores solar heat, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation piece conducts thermoelectric power generation through the heat of the heat storage tank, generated electric energy is stored in the energy storage battery, and the control system collects the cold end temperature and the hot end temperature of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation piece and the electric quantity of the energy storage battery and judges whether to charge the energy storage battery or not. The heat end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation piece is in contact with or separated from the energy storage tank through the heat gate, the heat gate is driven by temperature to deform so as to drive the heat end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation piece to be in contact with or separated from the heat storage tank, and the temperature difference is amplified through structural design and material cooperation. Power generation temperature difference is controlled through thermal gate deformation characteristics, charging control is achieved through the control system, frequent low-efficiency charging of the energy storage battery can be avoided, and the service life of the energy storage battery is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of temperature difference power generation, and in particular relates to a phase change temperature difference power generation energy storage device for outdoor use. Background Art

[0002] In the current era of rapid development of the Internet of Things, wireless sensors have developed rapidly due to the advantage of no need for wiring. At present, there are two ways to power outdoor wireless sensors, one is to use non-rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, and the other is to use solar-powered rechargeable lithium batteries. These two methods have the following problems in actual use: Non-rechargeable batteries need to be replaced regularly, and in some remote areas with underdeveloped transportation, the maintenance cost is too high. Solar rechargeable lithium batteries cannot be used for a long time in outdoor environments due to surface pollution caused by wind and sand, temperature differences, etc., power generation efficiency attenuation due to silicon wafer cracks, and damage to power generation components. Rechargeable lithium batteries have a limit on the number of charge and discharge times. After multiple charges, the battery capacity will gradually decay until it is damaged; in addition, in some areas with large temperature differences, such as Northeast my country, the capacity of lithium batteries decays to 20% of that at room temperature at minus 25 degrees Celsius, affecting the normal operation of the equipment. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device for outdoor use, which amplifies the temperature difference through structural design and material matching, stores solar energy as electrical energy through temperature difference power generation, controls the power generation temperature difference through the deformation characteristics of the thermal gate, and realizes charging control through a control system, thereby avoiding frequent and inefficient charging of energy storage batteries and extending their service life.

[0004] A phase-change thermoelectric power generation and energy storage device for outdoor use comprises a heat storage tank, a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet, an energy storage battery and a control system; the heat storage tank collects and stores solar heat, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet comprises a hot end and a cold end, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet performs thermoelectric power generation by relying on the heat of the heat storage tank, and the generated electric energy is stored in the energy storage battery, so that the energy storage battery can be used to power outdoor loads, the control system collects the cold end temperature, the hot end temperature, and the electric quantity of the energy storage battery of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet and determines whether to charge the energy storage battery; the heat storage tank is filled with heat storage material, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet is arranged around the heat storage tank, the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet contacts or separates from the energy storage tank through a heat gate, and the cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet dissipates heat through a heat dissipation component; the heat gate is a memory metal, the memory metal is driven by temperature to produce deformation, the deformation of the memory metal drives the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet to contact or separate from the heat storage tank, and when the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet contacts the heat storage tank, the temperature difference generated between the hot end and the cold end is used to generate electricity.

[0005] Preferably, a heat sink is installed at the cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet, and the cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet is also connected to a heat dissipation vertical rod through a heat conduction pipe, and the other end of the heat dissipation vertical rod is pre-buried in the soil.

[0006] Preferably, the heat storage tank is coated with a solar energy absorbing material to form a heat absorption layer, and the heat absorption layer is provided with a surface absorption texture for increasing light absorption rate and reducing light reflectivity; the heat storage tank is provided with a glass cover for heat preservation, a gap is provided between the glass cover and the heat absorption layer, and the gap is set to a vacuum environment; the heat storage tank is surrounded by a heat preservation and heat insulation material to form a heat insulation layer.

[0007] Preferably, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet is provided in plurality, and the plurality of semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheets form a thermoelectric power generation sheet group, and each thermoelectric power generation sheet group is equipped with an energy storage battery; a plurality of groups of thermoelectric power generation sheet groups and energy storage batteries are provided, and the current, voltage and temperature of each group of thermoelectric power generation sheet groups and energy storage batteries are monitored, and if an abnormality is detected in a group of thermoelectric power generation sheet groups and energy storage batteries, the abnormal thermoelectric power generation sheet group and energy storage battery are controlled to be cut off.

[0008] Preferably, the control system includes a main control module, which includes a main control chip U1 and a linear regulator U2. The main control chip U1 is used to receive the collected information and output a corresponding drive signal; the linear regulator U2 stabilizes the input voltage to a power supply voltage compatible with the main control chip U1, and is used to provide a stable power supply for the main control chip U1.

[0009] Preferably, the control system includes a charging control module, which is driven by the VIN_EN signal of the main control module to collect the electric energy generated by the thermoelectric power generation chip group, stores the electric energy in the energy storage battery through voltage collection and boost conversion, and outputs a preset voltage to power the load; the charging control module includes an energy manager U3, the VIN_DC pin of the energy manager U3 is connected to the thermoelectric power generation chip group through a first start-stop circuit, and includes MOS tubes Q1 and Q2 driven by the VIN_EN signal to turn on. After the MOS tubes Q1 and Q2 are turned on, the voltage of the thermoelectric power generation chip group enters the VIN_DC pin of the energy manager U3 after filtering. After detecting the effective input voltage, the energy manager U3 starts the internal energy collection circuit to convert the input voltage into a suitable voltage to charge the energy storage battery or output it through the VOUT pin for use by the load.

[0010] Preferably, the VOUT_SET pin of the energy manager U3 is used for output setting, and the VOUT_SET pin is connected to a resistor network, and the set value of the output voltage is controlled by the resistor network; the OK_PROG pin of the energy manager U3 is connected to the resistor network, and is used to monitor whether it is currently in a normal working state of energy collection and storage. If an abnormality is detected, the state of the OK_PROG pin is changed, thereby triggering an external indicator light or an alarm circuit to sound an alarm.

[0011] Preferably, the charging control module implements voltage sampling through a voltage sampling circuit, and the voltage sampling circuit includes a resistor R8, a resistor R9, and a resistor R10, wherein the resistors R8, R9, and R10 form a voltage divider circuit, which divides the voltage output by the thermoelectric power generation chip group into smaller voltage signals, which are then sent to the VOC_SAMP pin of the energy manager U3. The VOC_SAMP pin of the energy manager U3 is used to collect the open-circuit voltage of the input voltage, and the energy manager U3 monitors the voltage level of the thermoelectric power generation chip group through the VOC_SAMP pin.

[0012] Preferably, the control system includes a temperature monitoring module, which is used to collect temperature signals from the cold end and hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, convert the temperature signals into voltage signals, amplify and condition them, and then transmit them to the main control module; the main control module is connected to the temperature monitoring module through a second start-stop circuit, and the start or stop of the temperature monitoring module is controlled by the second start-stop circuit.

[0013] Preferably, the temperature monitoring module collects temperature signals of the cold end and the hot end of the semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheet through two temperature sensors respectively. The temperature sensor converts the temperature signal into a voltage signal, amplifies and demodulates it through a signal conditioning circuit, and then connects it to the main control module; the signal conditioning circuit includes an operational amplifier U4, and the power supply end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to the second start-stop circuit. The second start-stop circuit includes MOS tubes Q3 and MOS tubes Q4. The MOS tubes Q3 and MOS tubes Q4 are used as switch tubes. The MOS tubes Q3 and MOS tubes Q4 are driven by the T_VCC_EN signal of the main control module to be turned on.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device for outdoor use amplifies the temperature difference between the energy storage tank and the environment through structural design and material matching, realizes temperature difference power generation through the characteristics of semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheets, stores solar energy as electrical energy, and uses the deformation characteristics of the thermal gate to control the power generation temperature difference, and realizes charging control by measuring the cold end temperature, hot end temperature, and power quantity of the energy storage battery through the control system, which can avoid frequent and inefficient charging of the energy storage battery and extend its service life.

[0015] The glass cover, heat absorption layer, insulation layer and energy storage material are used to store solar energy as much as possible through the structural design. The heat at the cold end is diffused as much as possible through the radiator, heat pipe and heat dissipation pole, thereby ensuring the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator to improve the power generation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the heat storage tank of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a structural block diagram of the control system of the present invention; Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a main control module of the present invention; Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of a charging control module of the present invention; Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of a temperature monitoring module of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a flow chart of the control system of the present invention.

[0017] The markings in the figure are: 1. Glass cover; 2. Heat absorption layer; 3. Heat storage tank; 4. Heat insulation layer; 5. Semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheet; 6. Heat conduction pipe; 7. Heat dissipation pole; 8. Radiator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] Embodiment 1 like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a phase-change thermoelectric power generation and energy storage device for outdoor use includes a heat storage tank 3, a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5, an energy storage battery and a control system. The heat storage tank 3 collects and stores solar heat, so that the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 generates electricity according to the temperature difference between the heat storage tank 3 and the ambient temperature, and stores the electric energy in the energy storage battery, so that the energy storage battery can be used to power outdoor loads. The load in this embodiment is a wireless sensor.

[0019] like Figure 2 As shown, the heat storage tank 3 is filled with phase change heat storage material. The phase change heat storage material in this embodiment is a high boiling point phase change heat storage liquid. By adjusting the material composition, its melting point can be in the range of 60°C to 120°C, and its boiling point is above 300°C, which can store a large amount of thermal energy.

[0020] like Figure 2As shown, a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 is arranged around the heat storage tank 3. The semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 includes a hot end and a cold end. The hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 contacts or separates from the energy storage tank 3 through a thermal gate. The cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 is installed with a heat sink 8. In addition, the cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 is also connected to a heat dissipation vertical rod 7 through a heat pipe 6. The other end of the heat dissipation vertical rod 7 is pre-buried in the soil. The heat is dissipated into the air through the radiator 8. The heat of the cold end is dissipated into the air and the soil through the heat pipe 6 and the heat dissipation vertical rod 7. The air and soil are used to realize heat transfer, and the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 is amplified or maintained to achieve efficient power generation.

[0021] Among them, the heat gate of this embodiment is a memory metal. The memory metal is a special metal material that can restore its original macroscopic shape in another temperature range after undergoing plastic deformation in a certain temperature range. Therefore, the memory metal is driven by temperature to produce deformation, and the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 is controlled to contact or separate from the heat storage tank 3, so as to realize the closed loop and cut-off of heat conduction. That is, the temperature difference of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 can be controlled by the memory metal, and the power generation is carried out under the temperature difference set by the memory metal, which can avoid the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 from generating electricity inefficiently due to the small temperature difference, thereby affecting the service life of the energy storage battery.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, in order to improve the heat storage capacity of the heat storage tank 3, a glass cover 1, a heat absorption layer 2, and a heat insulation layer 4 are provided on the heat storage tank 3. Specifically, a solar selective absorption material is coated on the heat absorption surface of the heat storage tank 3 to form a heat absorption layer 2. In this embodiment, the absorption rate of the solar selective absorption material is set to be above 0.94, and it can quickly heat up under sunlight, and can reach a maximum of 270 degrees Celsius; at the same time, the heat absorption layer 2 is provided with a surface absorption texture to increase the light absorption rate and reduce the light reflectivity.

[0023] A glass cover 1 is arranged on the top of the heat storage tank 3 to allow solar radiation energy to pass through while blocking heat conduction and convection. It should be noted that a gap is provided between the glass cover 1 and the heat absorption layer 2, and the gap is set to a vacuum environment. Furthermore, a heat preservation and heat insulation material is coated around the heat storage tank 3 to form an insulation layer 4 to reduce the heat exchange between the heat storage liquid and the environment when absorbing heat.

[0024] In addition, multiple semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheets 5 can be provided, and multiple semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheets 5 can form a thermoelectric power generation sheet group, and each thermoelectric power generation sheet group is equipped with an energy storage battery. Further, multiple groups of thermoelectric power generation sheet groups and energy storage batteries can be provided, and each group of thermoelectric power generation sheet groups and energy storage batteries can be monitored for current, voltage, and temperature. If a group of thermoelectric power generation sheet groups and energy storage batteries is detected to be abnormal, the abnormal thermoelectric power generation sheet group and energy storage battery are controlled to be cut off to avoid affecting the operation of the entire energy storage device.

[0025] In addition, the surface of the energy storage device is coated with a new nano-coating that can use wind, rain and sunlight for self-cleaning, making it suitable for outdoor environments.

[0026] On the other hand, Figure 3 As shown, in order to improve the service life of the energy storage battery, a control system is set to control the charging and discharging of the energy storage battery, and the system temperature difference is monitored by respectively collecting the temperature of the cold end and the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5, and the power of the energy storage battery is monitored by the current sensor and the voltage sensor. Since the power generation efficiency of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 is low when the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end is small, frequent and inefficient charging when the energy storage battery has a large amount of power can easily cause the energy storage battery to fail prematurely and reduce its service life. Therefore, in this embodiment, the energy storage battery is charged only when the power of the energy storage battery is less than 50% and the system temperature difference exceeds 50°C.

[0027] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the control system includes a main control module, a charging control module, and a temperature monitoring module. The main control module is connected to the charging control module and the temperature monitoring module respectively.

[0028] like Figure 4 As shown, the main control module includes a main control chip U1 and a linear regulator U2. The linear regulator U2 stabilizes the input voltage to a power supply voltage compatible with the main control chip U1, and is used to provide a stable power supply for the main control chip U1. The main control chip U1 is used to receive the collected information and output the corresponding drive signal, and interact with external devices through serial communication. In addition, the main control module also includes a plurality of filter capacitors, including capacitors C1, C2, and C3, which are used to achieve power supply filtering, reduce power supply ripple and noise, and ensure the stability of the main control chip U1 in low power consumption mode.

[0029] like Figure 5 As shown, the charging control module includes an energy manager U3, which is used to collect energy from the thermoelectric power generation chip group and store the energy in a supercapacitor or a battery through voltage sampling and boost conversion, and finally output a preset voltage to power the load. At the same time, the working status of the charging control module is monitored through the status indicator light.

[0030] It should be noted that the charging control module is driven by the main control module through the VIN_EN signal to start collecting energy from the thermoelectric power generation chip group. Specifically, the VIN_DC pin of the energy manager U3 is connected to the thermoelectric power generation chip group through the first start-stop circuit, and the first start-stop circuit is controlled to be turned on and off according to the VIN_EN signal of the main control module, thereby controlling the timing of energy collection by the energy manager U3.

[0031] Among them, the first start-stop circuit includes MOS tube Q1, MOS tube Q2, resistor R5, resistor R6, and resistor R7, wherein resistor R5, resistor R6, and resistor R7 are used for voltage division and current limiting, and MOS tube Q1 and MOS tube Q2 are used as switching devices to control the on-off between the energy manager U3 and the temperature difference power generation chip group, and MOS tube Q1 and MOS tube Q2 are driven by the VIN_EN signal of the main control module to be turned on.

[0032] The voltage of the thermoelectric power generation chip group is filtered by capacitors C10, C11, and C12 and enters the VIN_DC pin of the energy manager U3. After detecting the effective input voltage, the energy manager U3 starts the internal energy collection circuit and converts the input voltage into a suitable voltage to charge the energy storage battery. Among them, the input end of the energy manager U3 is filtered by capacitors C10, C11, and C12 to remove noise and high-frequency interference in the input signal, ensure the stability of the voltage, and help improve the stability of the charging control module and the energy collection efficiency.

[0033] The energy manager U3 has an integrated boost converter circuit inside, which converts the input voltage into a corresponding stable voltage and outputs it through the VOUT pin of the energy manager U3 for use by the load. The boosted signal is filtered and stabilized by the inductor L2, capacitor C8, and capacitor C9, and finally supplied to the load through the connector CN2. In addition, the energy manager U3 is connected to the inductor L1, which is used to cooperate with the boost converter circuit inside the energy manager U3 to increase the input low voltage to the required output voltage. The inductor L1 can store and release energy during the boost conversion process, which is conducive to improving the conversion efficiency.

[0034] The VOUT_SET pin of the energy manager U3 is used for output setting. The VOUT_SET pin is connected to a resistor network, and the set value of the output voltage is controlled by the resistor network. The resistor network includes resistors R12 to R18. The connection structure of the resistor network and the resistance values ​​of resistors R12 to R18 are adjusted according to actual needs to adjust the set value of the output voltage.

[0035] The OK_PROG pin of the energy manager U3 is connected to a resistor network to monitor whether the energy collection and storage is currently in normal working condition. If an abnormality is detected, the state of the OK_PROG pin is changed, thereby triggering an external indicator light or an alarm circuit to sound an alarm.

[0036] The VREF_SAMP pin of the energy manager U3 is connected to the reference voltage, which facilitates the energy manager U3 to perform more precise voltage control, helps to adjust the efficiency of the boost conversion under different working conditions, and ensures the stability of the output voltage.

[0037] On the other hand, the charging control module implements voltage sampling through a voltage sampling circuit. The voltage sampling circuit includes resistors R8, R9 and R10. Resistors R8, R9 and R10 form a voltage divider circuit to divide the voltage output by the thermoelectric power generation chip group into smaller voltage signals, which are then sent to the VOC_SAMP pin of the energy manager U3. The VOC_SAMP pin of the energy manager U3 is used to collect the open-circuit voltage of the input voltage. The energy manager U3 monitors the voltage level of the thermoelectric power generation chip group through the VOC_SAMP pin to decide whether to start energy collection.

[0038] like Figure 6 As shown, the temperature monitoring module is used to collect the temperature signals of the cold end and the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5, convert the temperature signals into voltage signals, amplify and condition them, and then transmit them to the main control module; in addition, the main control module is connected to the temperature monitoring module through a second start-stop circuit to control the start or stop of the temperature monitoring module.

[0039] Specifically, the temperature monitoring module collects the temperature signals of the cold end and the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 through two temperature sensors, and connects the collected signals to the signal conditioning circuits respectively. The output ends of the two signal conditioning circuits are respectively connected to the main control chip U1, and the power supply ends of the signal conditioning circuits are connected to the second start-stop circuit.

[0040] The circuit structures of the cold-end and hot-end information collection and signal conditioning of the temperature monitoring module are the same. This embodiment takes the cold-end temperature information collection as an example for explanation: The temperature sensor is a PT100 sensor, whose resistance changes with temperature. The PT100 sensor converts the temperature signal into a voltage signal according to its own characteristics.

[0041] The signal conditioning circuit includes an operational amplifier U4, a resistor R20, a resistor R21, a capacitor C14, a capacitor C15, and a capacitor C16, wherein the resistors R20 and R21 are connected in parallel to form a voltage divider structure for setting the input range of the output signal of the sensor PT100 so that it is suitable for entering the operational amplifier U4 for processing; the capacitors C14, C15, and C16 are used to filter out high-frequency noise in the signal to ensure the stability of the signal.

[0042] The second start-stop circuit includes a MOS tube Q3, a MOS tube Q4, a resistor R23, a resistor R24, and a resistor R25, wherein the resistor R23, the resistor R24, and the resistor R25 are used to control the gate voltage of the MOS tube Q3 and the MOS tube Q4 so that the MOS tube Q3 and the MOS tube Q4 remain in a cut-off state when there is no enable signal.

[0043] The main control chip U1 drives the second start-stop circuit through the T_VCC_EN signal, thereby realizing the start or stop of the temperature monitoring module. When the temperature monitoring module is started, the temperature sensor detects the temperature of the cold end and the hot end of the semiconductor temperature difference power generation sheet 5 respectively, and outputs the corresponding C_TEMP signal and H_TEMP signal to the main control chip U1, so that the main control chip U1 can output the corresponding drive control signal according to the collected temperature information.

[0044] like Figure 7 As shown, after the outdoor phase-change thermoelectric power generation and energy storage device is powered on, the cold-end temperature and hot-end temperature of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 and the power of the energy storage battery are collected. Through comprehensive data processing and analysis, it is determined whether there are any abnormalities in each sensor and energy storage battery. If there are any abnormalities, the abnormal information is reported, and the energy storage device enters a dormant state. After the set dormant time or a special event occurs, the energy storage device is awakened to re-collect the cold-end temperature and hot-end temperature of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet 5 and the power of the energy storage battery. If there are no abnormalities in the sensors and energy storage batteries, it is determined whether the charging conditions are met. If they are met, the energy storage battery is charged. If not, it enters a dormant state and waits for the energy storage device to be awakened again.

[0045] Among them, special events can be sensor repair, energy storage battery repair, meeting charging conditions, etc. The charging conditions in this embodiment are set as: the power of the energy storage battery is less than 50% and the temperature difference between the cold end and the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator 5 exceeds 50°C.

[0046] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device for outdoor use, characterized in that: It includes a heat storage tank, a semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet, an energy storage battery and a control system; the heat storage tank collects and stores solar heat, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet includes a hot end and a cold end, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet relies on the heat of the heat storage tank to perform temperature difference power generation, and the generated electric energy is stored in the energy storage battery, so that the energy storage battery can be used to power outdoor loads; The control system includes a main control module, a charging control module, and a temperature monitoring module. The main control module is connected to the charging control module and the temperature monitoring module respectively. The control system collects the cold end temperature and the hot end temperature of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator through the temperature monitoring module, collects the power of the energy storage battery through the charging control module, and determines whether to charge the energy storage battery through the main control module; The heat storage tank is filled with heat storage material, the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet is arranged around the heat storage tank, the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet is in contact with or separated from the energy storage tank through a heat gate, and the cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet dissipates heat through a heat dissipation component; The thermal gate is a memory metal, which is deformed by temperature. The deformation of the memory metal drives the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet to contact or separate from the heat storage tank. When the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet contacts the heat storage tank, the temperature difference between the hot end and the cold end is used to generate electricity.

2. The outdoor phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A radiator is installed at the cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet, and the cold end of the semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet is also connected to a heat dissipation vertical rod through a heat conduction pipe, and the other end of the heat dissipation vertical rod is pre-buried in the soil.

3. The outdoor phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat storage tank is coated with solar energy absorbing material to form a heat absorption layer, and the heat absorption layer is provided with a surface absorption texture for increasing light absorption rate and reducing light reflectivity; the heat storage tank is provided with a glass cover for heat preservation, and a gap is provided between the glass cover and the heat absorption layer, and the gap is set to a vacuum environment; the heat storage tank is wrapped with heat preservation and heat insulation material to form a heat insulation layer.

4. The outdoor phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheet is provided in plurality, and the plurality of semiconductor thermoelectric power generation sheets form a thermoelectric power generation sheet group, and each thermoelectric power generation sheet group is equipped with an energy storage battery; Multiple groups of thermoelectric power generation sheets and energy storage batteries are set up, and the current, voltage and temperature of each group of thermoelectric power generation sheets and energy storage batteries are monitored. If an abnormality is detected in a group of thermoelectric power generation sheets and energy storage batteries, the abnormal thermoelectric power generation sheets and energy storage batteries are controlled and cut off.

5. The outdoor phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system includes a main control module, which includes a main control chip U1 and a linear regulator U2. The main control chip U1 is used to receive the collected information and output a corresponding drive signal; the linear regulator U2 stabilizes the input voltage to a power supply voltage compatible with the main control chip U1, and is used to provide a stable power supply for the main control chip U1.

6. The outdoor phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system includes a charging control module, which is driven by the VIN_EN signal of the main control module to collect the electric energy generated by the thermoelectric power generation chip group, store the electric energy in the energy storage battery through voltage collection and boost conversion, and output a preset voltage to power the load; The charging control module includes an energy manager U3, and a VIN_DC pin of the energy manager U3 is connected to a thermoelectric power generation chip group through a first start-stop circuit. The VIN_EN signal drives the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q2 to turn on. After the MOS tube Q1 and the MOS tube Q2 are turned on, the voltage of the thermoelectric power generation chip group enters the VIN_DC pin of the energy manager U3 after filtering. After detecting a valid input voltage, the energy manager U3 starts an internal energy collection circuit to convert the input voltage into a suitable voltage to charge the energy storage battery or output it through the VOUT pin for use by the load.

7. The outdoor phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The VOUT_SET pin of the energy manager U3 is used for output setting, and the VOUT_SET pin is connected to a resistor network, and the set value of the output voltage is controlled through the resistor network; The OK_PROG pin of the energy manager U3 is connected to a resistor network to monitor whether the energy collection and storage is currently in normal working condition. If an abnormality is detected, the state of the OK_PROG pin is changed, thereby triggering an external indicator light or an alarm circuit to sound an alarm.

8. The outdoor phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The charging control module implements voltage sampling through a voltage sampling circuit, which includes resistors R8, R9, and R10, wherein resistors R8, R9, and R10 form a voltage divider circuit to divide the voltage output by the thermoelectric power generation chip group into smaller voltage signals, which are then sent to the VOC_SAMP pin of the energy manager U3. The VOC_SAMP pin of the energy manager U3 is used to collect the open-circuit voltage of the input voltage, and the energy manager U3 monitors the voltage level of the thermoelectric power generation chip group through the VOC_SAMP pin.

9. The outdoor phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system includes a temperature monitoring module, which is used to collect temperature signals from the cold end and hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator, convert the temperature signals into voltage signals, amplify and condition them, and then transmit them to the main control module; the main control module is connected to the temperature monitoring module through a second start-stop circuit, and the start or stop of the temperature monitoring module is controlled by the second start-stop circuit.

10. The outdoor phase-change temperature difference power generation and energy storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The temperature monitoring module collects temperature signals of the cold end and the hot end of the semiconductor thermoelectric generator through two temperature sensors. The temperature sensors convert the temperature signals into voltage signals, amplify and demodulate them through the signal conditioning circuit, and then connect them to the main control module. The signal conditioning circuit includes an operational amplifier U4, a power supply end of the operational amplifier U4 is connected to a second start-stop circuit, the second start-stop circuit includes a MOS tube Q3 and a MOS tube Q4, the MOS tube Q3 and the MOS tube Q4 are used as switch tubes, and the MOS tube Q3 and the MOS tube Q4 are driven by a T_VCC_EN signal of a main control module to be turned on.

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