Method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization rate based on nitrogen compensation

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and provides a method for simultaneously improving the rice yield and the nitrogen utilization rate based on nitrogen compensation, and the method comprises the steps of seed soaking, seedling raising, preparation before sowing, fertilization, transplanting and treatment. According to the method, nitrogen management is optimized, efficient utilization of nitrogen is achieved, nitrogen deficiency is compensated in a multiplied mode, the yield of rice is increased, the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, and therefore the burden of agricultural production on the environment is reduced. The technical scheme is helpful for reducing pollution of the chemical fertilizer to soil and water, and accords with the direction of green development of agriculture in China. In addition, the nitrogen utilization efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the disease resistance and adaptability of the rice are improved. By optimizing nitrogen management, the rice grows more healthily and can better resist the invasion of diseases and insect pests, the use of pesticides is reduced, the production cost is reduced, and the sustainability of agricultural production is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and in particular to a method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization rate based on nitrogen compensation. Background Art

[0002] At present, the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer use in rice cultivation is generally low, which is usually accompanied by environmental pollution and resource waste. Although the application of appropriate amounts of nitrogen fertilizer can increase rice yields, excessive use will lead to nitrogen loss, water pollution, and reduced fertilizer utilization. Traditional nitrogen fertilizer management methods fail to balance the relationship between nitrogen fertilizer input and yield increase, and it is difficult to meet the needs of efficient agriculture. Therefore, how to achieve high yield and efficient utilization of rice by optimizing nitrogen management while reducing nitrogen fertilizer input has become an important research direction in the current agricultural field. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization rate based on nitrogen compensation, which aims to solve the technical problem of low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in rice planting.

[0004] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] The present invention provides a method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) soaking the seeds: soaking the rice seeds in a mixed solution of fungicide and water for a first time, and then soaking them in water for a second time to obtain soaked seeds;

[0007] (2) raising seedlings: sowing the soaked seeds and raising them in blanket seedlings to obtain seedlings;

[0008] (3) Preparation before sowing: Dry, crush and sieve the topsoil in sequence, and then put the topsoil into a bucket;

[0009] (4) Fertilization: applying base fertilizer on the topsoil in the bucket of step (3);

[0010] (5) Transplanting: pre-flooding, and then transplanting the rice seedlings obtained in step (2) into the barrel of step (4);

[0011] (6) Treatment: When the seedlings enter the tillering stage, apply nitrogen fertilizer again, and apply flower-preserving fertilizer 12 to 15 days before heading, until the seedlings complete normal growth.

[0012] Furthermore, in step (1), the mixed solution of fungicide and water is used to submerge the rice seeds; the fungicide is Liangdun;

[0013] When soaking for the second time, use clean water that is enough to cover the rice seeds.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (1), the first soaking time is 20 to 30 hours, and the second soaking time is 10 to 20 hours.

[0015] Furthermore, in the step (2), the specification of the seedling tray for blanket seedling raising is 60cm×25cm, and the sowing amount of each seedling tray is 100-120g; after sowing, the seedlings are darkened for 2-3 days.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (3), the topsoil is 0 to 20 cm thick soil from a paddy field; and the particle size of the sieved topsoil is ≤ 0.15 mm.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (3), the inner diameter of the barrel bottom is 20-25 cm, the outer diameter of the barrel mouth is 28-32 cm, and the barrel height is 25-30 cm; 14-18 kg of plough layer soil is placed in each barrel;

[0018] The processing steps included in step (3) are repeated at least 3 times.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (4), the base fertilizer includes superphosphate, potassium chloride and nitrogen fertilizer, and the mass ratio of superphosphate, potassium chloride and nitrogen fertilizer is 5-10:1-3:1-3.

[0020] Furthermore, in step (5), 2 to 4 seedlings are planted in each barrel; and the pre-flooding treatment step is: adding water to the barrel for flooding for two consecutive weeks.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (6), the specific scheme of nitrogen fertilizer application between the tillering stage and the completion of the production is as follows: the nitrogen fertilizer application amount per barrel during the tillering stage is 0 to 3 g, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount per barrel on the 12th day after the tillering stage is 0 to 3 g, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount per barrel on the 18th day after the tillering stage is 0 to 3 g;

[0022] Flower-protecting fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer and potassium chloride, and the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to potassium chloride is 1:1.

[0023] Furthermore, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied per barrel in step (4) and step (6) is 4.5 to 6 g.

[0024] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] The present invention achieves a dual increase in rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency by optimizing the nitrogen fertilizer management strategy. The nitrogen deficit compensation treatment not only significantly increases the yield of indica rice and japonica rice compared with the traditional fertilization method, but also reduces the total input of nitrogen fertilizer, alleviating the environmental pollution problem caused by nitrogen loss. In addition, through the analysis of the nitrogen content and distribution of different organs of rice, it is found that multiple compensation after nitrogen deficiency can enhance the nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen absorption capacity of indica rice and improve the agronomic utilization efficiency of nitrogen.

[0026] The method provided by the present invention can achieve the sustainable agricultural production goals of high yield, resource conservation and pollution reduction, and provides important technical support for rice nitrogen fertilizer management. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention provides a method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation, comprising the following steps:

[0028] (1) soaking the seeds: soaking the rice seeds in a mixed solution of fungicide and water for a first time, and then soaking them in water for a second time to obtain soaked seeds;

[0029] (2) raising seedlings: sowing the soaked seeds and raising them in blanket seedlings to obtain seedlings;

[0030] (3) Preparation before sowing: Dry, crush and sieve the topsoil in sequence, and then put the topsoil into a bucket;

[0031] (4) Fertilization: applying base fertilizer on the topsoil in the bucket of step (3);

[0032] (5) Transplanting: pre-flooding, and then transplanting the rice seedlings obtained in step (2) into the barrel of step (4);

[0033] (6) Treatment: When the seedlings enter the tillering stage, apply nitrogen fertilizer again, and apply flower-preserving fertilizer 12 to 15 days before heading, until the seedlings complete normal growth.

[0034] In the present invention, in the step (1), the ratio of the amount of rice seeds to the fungicide during the first soaking is 1kg:3-5mL, preferably 1kg:4mL; the mixed solution of the fungicide and water is sufficient to submerge the rice seeds; the fungicide is Liangdun; the concentration of fludioxonil in Liangdun is preferably 25g / L, and the concentration of metalaxyl-M is preferably 37.5g / L;

[0035] When soaking for the second time, use clean water that is enough to cover the rice seeds.

[0036] In the present invention, in step (1), the first soaking time is 20 to 30 hours, preferably 22 to 28 hours, and more preferably 24 to 26 hours; the second soaking time is 10 to 20 hours, preferably 12 to 18 hours, and more preferably 14 to 16 hours.

[0037] In the present invention, in the step (2), the specification of the seedling tray for blanket seedling cultivation is 60cm×25cm, and the content of organic matter in the seedling tray is ≥46%, preferably ≥48%, and more preferably ≥50%, so as to ensure the balance of germination rate and seedling growth; the sowing amount of each seedling tray is 100-120g, preferably 105-115g, and more preferably 110g; and the seeds are darkened for 2-3 days after sowing, preferably 3 days.

[0038] In the present invention, in step (3), the topsoil is 0 to 20 cm thick soil of a paddy field, preferably 2 to 16 cm thick soil, and more preferably 5 to 15 cm thick soil; the particle size of the sieved topsoil is ≤0.15 mm, preferably ≤0.14 mm, and more preferably ≤0.12 mm.

[0039] In the present invention, in step (3), the inner diameter of the barrel bottom is 20-25 cm, the outer diameter of the barrel mouth is 28-32 cm, and the barrel height is 25-30 cm. The barrel is preferably a plastic barrel, the inner diameter of the barrel bottom is preferably 23 cm, the outer diameter of the barrel mouth is preferably 30 cm, and the barrel height is preferably 27.5 cm. 14-18 kg of plough layer soil is placed in each barrel, preferably 15 kg.

[0040] The processing steps included in step (3) need to be repeated 3 times.

[0041] In the present invention, in the step (4), the basal fertilizer comprises superphosphate, potassium chloride and nitrogen fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the superphosphate, potassium chloride and nitrogen fertilizer is 5-10:1-3:1-3; preferably 6:1.5:1.5; the P2O5 content in the superphosphate is preferably 12%; 5-10g of superphosphate is added per barrel, preferably 6-9g, and more preferably 7-8g; the K2O content in the potassium chloride is preferably 60%.

[0042] In the present invention, in the step (5), 2 to 4 seedlings are planted in each barrel; preferably, two holes are planted in each barrel, one seedling is planted in each hole of indica rice, and two seedlings are planted in each hole of japonica rice; the pre-flooding treatment step is: water is added to the barrel for flooding within two consecutive weeks.

[0043] In the present invention, in step (6), the specific scheme of nitrogen fertilizer application between the tillering stage and the completion of the production is as follows: the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied per barrel during the tillering stage is 0 to 3 g, preferably 1 to 2 g, and more preferably 1.5 g; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied per barrel on the 12th day after the tillering stage is 0 to 3 g, preferably 1 to 2 g, and more preferably 1.5 g; the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied per barrel on the 18th day after the tillering stage is 0 to 3 g, preferably 1 to 2 g, and more preferably 1.5 g;

[0044] Flower-protecting fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer and potassium chloride, and the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to potassium chloride is 1:1.

[0045] In the present invention, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied per barrel in step (4) and step (6) is 4.5 to 6 g, preferably 5 to 5.5 g.

[0046] In the present invention, all nitrogen fertilizers are urea, and the total nitrogen content in the urea is ≥46.0%.

[0047] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0048] Example 1

[0049] (1) Seed soaking: In mid-May, 1 kg of the indica rice variety Yangxianyou 918 was weighed and placed in a container. 4 mL of Liangdun (25 g / L fludioxonil and 37.5 g / L metalaxyl-M) was diluted with water until the seeds were submerged. After soaking for 24 h, soak in clean water for 12 h to obtain soaked seeds.

[0050] (2) Raising seedlings: Sowing the soaked seeds, raising seedlings in blankets, with a sowing density of 120 g per seedling tray, sowing 50 trays, and darkening for 3 days.

[0051] (3) Preparation before sowing: For bucket planting, a plastic bucket with an upper outer diameter of 30 cm, a bottom inner diameter of 23 cm, and a height of 27.5 cm was selected. Each bucket was filled with 15 kg of topsoil. The soil was the 0-20 cm topsoil of the paddy field that had been naturally dried and crushed with a soil crusher through a 100-mesh sieve. All treatment steps were repeated 3 times.

[0052] (4) Fertilization: One day before transplanting, apply basal fertilizers of 6 g superphosphate (containing 12% P2O5), 1.5 g potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and 1.5 g urea to each bucket.

[0053] (5) Transplanting: For two consecutive weeks before transplanting, add water to the bucket to flood it, then plant 2 holes in each bucket, with 1 seedling in each hole.

[0054] (6) Treatment: 1.5 g urea was applied per bucket when the rice entered the tillering stage, and 1.5 g potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and 1.5 g urea were applied 15 days before heading until the rice matured.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] (1) Seed soaking: In mid-May, 1 kg of the indica rice variety Yangxianyou 918 was weighed and placed in a container. 4 mL of Liangdun (25 g / L fludioxonil and 37.5 g / L metalaxyl-M) was diluted with water until the seeds were submerged. After soaking for 24 h, soak in clean water for 12 h to obtain soaked seeds.

[0057] (2) Raising seedlings: Sowing the soaked seeds, raising seedlings in blankets, with a sowing density of 120 g per seedling tray, sowing 50 trays, and darkening for 3 days.

[0058] (3) Preparation before sowing: For bucket planting, a plastic bucket with an upper outer diameter of 30 cm, a bottom inner diameter of 23 cm, and a height of 27.5 cm was selected. Each bucket was filled with 15 kg of topsoil. The soil was the 0-20 cm topsoil of the paddy field that had been naturally dried and crushed with a soil crusher through a 100-mesh sieve. All treatment steps were repeated 3 times.

[0059] (4) Fertilization: One day before transplanting, apply basal fertilizers of 6 g superphosphate (containing 12% P2O5), 1.5 g potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and 1.5 g urea to each bucket.

[0060] (5) Transplanting: For two consecutive weeks before transplanting, add water to the bucket to flood it, then plant 2 holes in each bucket, with 1 seedling in each hole.

[0061] (6) Treatment: 3 g urea was applied per bucket when the rice entered the tillering stage, and 1.5 g potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and 1.5 g urea were applied 15 days before heading until the rice matured.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] (1) Seed soaking: In mid-May, 1 kg of the indica rice variety Yangxianyou 918 was weighed and placed in a container. 4 mL of Liangdun (25 g / L fludioxonil and 37.5 g / L metalaxyl-M) was diluted with water until the seeds were submerged. After soaking for 24 h, soak in clean water for 12 h to obtain soaked seeds.

[0064] (2) Raising seedlings: Sowing the soaked seeds, raising seedlings in blankets, with a sowing density of 120 g per seedling tray, sowing 50 trays, and darkening for 3 days.

[0065] (3) Preparation before sowing: For bucket planting, a plastic bucket with an upper outer diameter of 30 cm, a bottom inner diameter of 23 cm, and a height of 27.5 cm was selected. Each bucket was filled with 15 kg of topsoil. The soil was the 0-20 cm topsoil of the paddy field that had been naturally dried and crushed with a soil crusher through a 100-mesh sieve. All treatment steps were repeated 3 times.

[0066] (4) Fertilization: One day before transplanting, apply basal fertilizers of 6 g superphosphate (containing 12% P2O5), 1.5 g potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and 1.5 g urea to each bucket.

[0067] (5) Transplanting: For two consecutive weeks before transplanting, add water to the bucket to flood it, then plant 2 holes in each bucket, with 1 seedling in each hole.

[0068] (6) Treatment: 1.5 g urea was applied per bucket on the 12th day after the tillering stage, and 1.5 g potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and 1.5 g urea were applied 15 days before heading until the rice matured.

[0069] Example 4

[0070] (1) Seed soaking: In mid-May, 1 kg of the indica rice variety Yangxianyou 918 was weighed and placed in a container. 4 mL of Liangdun (25 g / L fludioxonil and 37.5 g / L metalaxyl-M) was diluted with water until the seeds were submerged. After soaking for 24 h, soak in clean water for 12 h to obtain soaked seeds.

[0071] (2) Raising seedlings: Sowing the soaked seeds, raising seedlings in blankets, with a sowing density of 120 g per seedling tray, sowing 50 trays, and darkening for 3 days.

[0072] (3) Preparation before sowing: For bucket planting, a plastic bucket with an upper outer diameter of 30 cm, a bottom inner diameter of 23 cm, and a height of 27.5 cm was selected. Each bucket was filled with 15 kg of topsoil. The soil was the 0-20 cm topsoil of the paddy field that had been naturally dried and crushed with a soil crusher through a 100-mesh sieve. All treatment steps were repeated 3 times.

[0073] (4) Fertilization: One day before transplanting, apply basal fertilizers of 6 g superphosphate (containing 12% P2O5), 1.5 g potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and 1.5 g urea to each bucket.

[0074] (5) Transplanting: For two consecutive weeks before transplanting, add water to the bucket to flood it, then plant 2 holes in each bucket, with 1 seedling in each hole.

[0075] (6) Treatment: 3 g urea was applied per bucket on the 12th day after the tillering stage, and 1.5 g potassium chloride (containing 60% K2O) and 1.5 g urea were applied 15 days before heading until the rice matured.

[0076] Example 5

[0077] The same as Example 1, except that the japonica rice variety Suxiu 867 was used to replace the indica rice variety Yangxianyou 918, and in step (5), two seedlings were planted in each hole.

[0078] Example 6

[0079] The same as Example 2, except that the japonica rice variety Suxiu 867 was used to replace the indica rice variety Yangxianyou 918, and in step (5), two seedlings were planted in each hole.

[0080] Example 7

[0081] The same as Example 3, except that the japonica rice variety Suxiu 867 was used to replace the indica rice variety Yangxianyou 918, and in step (5), two seedlings were planted in each hole.

[0082] Example 8

[0083] The same as Example 4, except that the japonica rice variety Suxiu 867 was used to replace the indica rice variety Yangxianyou 918, and in step (5), two seedlings were planted in each hole.

[0084] Comparative Example 1

[0085] The same as Example 1, except that urea is not added in step (4) and step (6).

[0086] Comparative Example 2

[0087] The same as Example 5, except that urea is not added in step (4) and step (6).

[0088] The schemes for applying nitrogen fertilizers in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 are shown in Table 1.

[0089] Table 1 Nitrogen fertilizer application scheme

[0090]

[0091] Performance Testing

[0092] During the rice maturity period, three replicate samples were taken from each embodiment, and the plants were divided into roots, stem sheaths and leaves. The dry matter samples were first inactivated at 105°C for 30 minutes, and then transferred to an oven at 80°C for drying. The nitrogen content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. The nitrogen fertilizer absorption and utilization rate of the present invention = (nitrogen absorption of the aboveground part of the nitrogen application area - nitrogen absorption of the aboveground part of the non-ammonia application area) / nitrogen application amount × 100%. Ten rice ears were randomly selected from each replicate sample for testing, and the total number of grains per ear, fruit setting rate, thousand-grain weight and effective ear number of each sample were recorded. At the same time, the field samples were cut and measured for yield, the fruit setting rate of the present invention = the number of full grains / total number of grains × 100%, and the yield per mu = the weight of rice in the sample plot / sample plot area × 667; the thousand-grain weight of the present invention was measured using a one-thousandth balance; the cutting method of the present invention was manual cutting and mechanical threshing, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0093] Table 2 Differences in yield and its components of indica and japonica rice varieties under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] Different lowercase letters in Table 2 indicate that the differences between treatments reached a significant level (p < 0.05). Examples 1 and 5 were treated with constant nitrogen application during the tillering stage, Examples 2 and 6 were treated with double nitrogen application during the tillering stage, Examples 3 and 7 were treated with constant compensation for nitrogen deficiency during the tillering stage, Examples 4 and 8 were treated with double compensation for nitrogen deficiency during the tillering stage, and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 were treated without nitrogen application.

[0097] As can be seen from Table 2, in the examples of indica rice varieties, the single plant yield and biological yield of comparative example 1 are the lowest, and the yield of double treatment (Example 7) after nitrogen deficiency for 12 days after tillering is the highest. The single plant yield of Example 3 is increased by 18.98% compared with that of Example 1, and the single plant yield of Example 4 is increased by 51.32% compared with that of Example 2, showing an obvious compensation effect. Moreover, under the same nitrogen deficiency time, the yield of restored nitrogen supply in Example 4 is higher than that in Example 3. Combined with the harvest index (HI) and N utilization rate, double compensation after nitrogen deficiency in the tillering period can significantly increase the yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of indica rice, indicating that double compensation makes up for the deficiency of nitrogen deficiency.

[0098] It can also be seen from Table 2 that in the examples of japonica rice varieties, the japonica rice variety has the lowest single plant yield when it is not treated with nitrogen (Comparative Example 2), and the single plant yield is the highest when the nitrogen is doubled after 18 days of nitrogen deficiency after tillering (Example 8). The single plant yield of Example 7 is 39.87% higher than that of Example 5, and the single plant yield of Example 8 is 75.21% higher than that of Example 6, showing significant differences and having an obvious compensation effect. Under the same nitrogen deficiency time, the yield of Example 8 after nitrogen supply recovery is higher than that of Example 7.

[0099] From the perspective of yield components, the number of effective panicles per plant of indica rice and japonica rice varieties is the lowest in the treatment without nitrogen application, and the highest in the treatment with double compensation after nitrogen deficiency (Example 3), and there are significant differences between the treatments. The total number of grains per panicle of japonica rice varieties is the highest under the normal and double compensation treatments after deficiency (Example 7, Example 8), which is 67.18% and 55.48% higher than the normal and double nitrogen application treatments (Example 5, Example 6), respectively. The number of effective panicles per plant of japonica rice is greater than that of indica rice, but the total number of grains per panicle is much higher than that of japonica rice, indicating that the higher yield of indica rice than that of japonica rice is not due to the number of panicles, but to the large panicles. In summary, the double compensation treatment after nitrogen deficiency in the tillering period significantly increased the yield and some yield components of indica rice and japonica rice, especially the nitrogen utilization efficiency of indica rice.

[0100] To verify the effect of nitrogen deficit compensation on nitrogen content, distribution and nitrogen utilization rate of rice, the nitrogen content in different organs was measured. The nitrogen content was determined by Kjeldahl method. The measurement results are shown in Table 3 (heading stage) and Table 4 (maturity stage).

[0101] Table 3 Differences in nitrogen content and nitrogen utilization efficiency of various organs under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments at heading stage

[0102]

[0103] Table 4 Differences in nitrogen content and nitrogen utilization rate of various organs under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments at maturity

[0104]

[0105] Different lowercase letters in Tables 3 and 4 indicate that the differences between treatments are at a significant level (p < 0.05). It can be seen from Tables 3 and 4 that the nitrogen content of each organ of indica and japonica rice is the lowest in the treatment without nitrogen application, and the panicle nitrogen content reaches the highest in the nitrogen deficiency treatment Example 3 and Example 4 at the maturity stage. Under the same treatment, the nitrogen content of the roots, stems and leaves of indica rice varieties is significantly higher at the heading stage than at the maturity stage. On the contrary, the nitrogen content of the panicle increases significantly at the maturity stage. This shows that during the growth of indica rice, there are obvious stage changes in the distribution and transfer of nitrogen between different organs. The change trend of nitrogen content in various parts of japonica rice at different periods is similar to that of indica rice, but the difference between different treatments at the same period is small, which shows that japonica rice has a higher stability in the process of nitrogen absorption and distribution. The nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization rate of indica rice at maturity are significantly higher than those of japonica rice by 24% to 59%, indicating that indica rice is more sensitive and efficient in responding to nitrogen fertilizer.

[0106] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) soaking the seeds: soaking the rice seeds in a mixed solution of fungicide and water for a first time, and then soaking them in water for a second time to obtain soaked seeds; (2) raising seedlings: sowing the soaked seeds and raising them in blanket seedlings to obtain seedlings; (3) Preparation before sowing: Dry, crush and sieve the topsoil in sequence, and then put the topsoil into a bucket; (4) Fertilization: applying base fertilizer on the topsoil in the bucket of step (3); (5) Transplanting: pre-flooding, and then transplanting the seedlings obtained in step (2) into the barrel in step (4); (6) Treatment: When the seedlings enter the tillering stage, apply nitrogen fertilizer again, and apply flower-preserving fertilizer 12 to 15 days before heading, until the seedlings complete normal growth.

2. The method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the ratio of rice seeds to fungicide during the first soaking is 1 kg: 3-5 mL; the mixed solution of fungicide and water is sufficient to submerge the rice seeds; the fungicide is Liangdun; When soaking for the second time, use clean water that is enough to cover the rice seeds.

3. The method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step (1), the first soaking time is 20 to 30 hours, and the second soaking time is 10 to 20 hours.

4. The method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In the step (2), the specification of the seedling tray for blanket seedling cultivation is 60cm×25cm, and the sowing amount of each seedling tray is 100-120g; after sowing, the seeds are darkened for 2-3 days.

5. The method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step (3), the topsoil is soil of a paddy field with a thickness of 0 to 20 cm; and the particle size of the sieved topsoil is ≤ 0.15 mm.

6. The method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation according to claim 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that: In the step (3), the inner diameter of the barrel bottom is 20-25 cm, the outer diameter of the barrel mouth is 28-32 cm, and the barrel height is 25-30 cm; 14-18 kg of plough layer soil is placed in each barrel; The processing steps included in step (3) are repeated at least 3 times.

7. The method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the step (4), the base fertilizer includes superphosphate, potassium chloride and nitrogen fertilizer, and the mass ratio of the superphosphate, potassium chloride and nitrogen fertilizer is 5-10:1-3:1-3.

8. The method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation according to claim 3, 5 or 7, characterized in that: In step (5), 2 to 4 rice seedlings are planted in each barrel; The steps of the pre-flooding treatment are: adding water to the bucket for flooding within two consecutive weeks.

9. The method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the step (6), the specific scheme of nitrogen fertilizer application between the tillering stage and the completion of the production is as follows: the nitrogen fertilizer application amount per barrel during the tillering stage is 0 to 3 g, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount per barrel on the 12th day after the tillering stage is 0 to 3 g, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount per barrel on the 18th day after the tillering stage is 0 to 3 g; Flower-protecting fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer and potassium chloride, and the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer to potassium chloride is 1:

1.

10. The method for simultaneously improving rice yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency based on nitrogen compensation according to claim 9, characterized in that: The total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied per barrel in step (4) and step (6) is 4.5 to 6 g.

Images