Zinc hydrometallurgy electrolytic bath
By designing a wet zinc smelting electrolytic cell including a liquid supply chute, an inner and outer liquid inlet chute, an inner electrolytic cell, an outer liquid separation trough, an electrolyte overflow device, an anode mud aggregation device and a calcium and magnesium crystal panel, the problems of poor fluidity and impurity enrichment are solved, the uniform flow of the electrolyte and the selective removal of impurities are achieved, and the precipitation quality and current efficiency of the zinc sheet are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411755040.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-04
AI Technical Summary
The existing wet zinc smelting electrolyte design leads to poor fluidity of the electrolyte, which is prone to concentration polarization and impurity enrichment, affecting the precipitation quality of zinc sheets, increasing DC power consumption and anode plate loss.
A wet zinc smelting electrolytic cell including a liquid supply chute, an inner and outer liquid inlet chute, an inner electrolytic cell, an outer liquid separation trough, an electrolyte overflow device, an anode mud aggregation device and a calcium and magnesium crystal panel are designed. The uniform flow and mixing of the electrolyte is achieved through the flow chute and the shunt device. The electrolyte overflow device and anode mud aggregation device improve the utilization rate of the electrolyte and the anode mud cleaning efficiency, and the calcium and magnesium crystal panel is used for selective removal of impurities.
Effectively enhance the flow performance and mixing effect of the electrolyte, eliminate the polarization of concentration and impurity enrichment, improve the precipitation quality of zinc sheets, reduce DC power consumption and anode plate loss, and improve current efficiency and product quality.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal hydrometallurgy, and in particular relates to a hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell. Background Art
[0002] Since the 1980s, hydrometallurgy has become the mainstream zinc smelting process of the century due to its advantages of large-scale equipment, automation, and high comprehensive metal recovery rate. Hydrometallurgy accounts for about 80%. In the process of hydrometallurgy, the DC power consumption of electrolysis accounts for about 65% of the total power consumption of zinc smelting. Therefore, reducing the DC power consumption of zinc electrolysis is of great significance to improving the economic benefits of zinc smelting. At present, the DC power consumption of zinc electrolysis is mainly reduced by reducing the cell voltage and improving the current efficiency during zinc electrolysis. Among them, the circulation of the electrolyte is crucial to the electrolysis process. As the electrolysis process proceeds, the zinc ion concentration in the electrolyte gradually decreases. If the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell is not evenly mixed, it will cause zinc ion depletion near the cathode plate, resulting in concentration polarization, resulting in poor quality of zinc flake precipitation in the zinc ion depleted area, which is mainly manifested in the protrusion of larger zinc particles on the surface (causing short circuit, increased cell voltage, and increased lead content in precipitated zinc), and the precipitated zinc dissolves back (reduced electrical efficiency).
[0003] The electrolytic cell is the main equipment for zinc electrodes. The existing zinc electrolytic cell design has a liquid inlet and outlet mode. With the large-scale electrolytic cell, the electrolyte at the bottom of the electrolytic cell has poor fluidity, and concentration polarization is very likely to occur. Impurity elements are enriched at the bottom, which seriously affects the precipitation quality of the bottom zinc sheet, resulting in large particles on the surface of the bottom zinc sheet, zinc sheet re-dissolution (while escaping a large amount of hydrogen), serious short circuit phenomenon, serious anode plate burnout, and a large amount of anode mud adhering to the surface of the zinc sheet, which eventually leads to reduced current efficiency, increased DC power consumption, increased anode plate loss, increased lead content in the zinc sheet, and high safety risks. In addition, the electrolyte usually contains a large amount of calcium and magnesium ions. The presence of calcium and magnesium ions mainly increases the viscosity of the electrolyte, affects fluidity, and increases DC power consumption. In the production process, some calcium and magnesium ions are crystallized and precipitated on the inner wall of the electrolytic cell and the anode plate at the inlet end of the electrolytic cell in the form of calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate, resulting in a reduction in the space at the inlet position of the electrolytic cell, which seriously affects the flow of the electrolyte and the precipitation of the zinc sheet, and also brings the above-mentioned problems. Summary of the invention
[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent. To this end, one object of the present invention is to provide a hydrometallurgical zinc electrolysis cell.
[0005] The present invention provides a hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell, comprising:
[0006] Liquid supply chute;
[0007] Internal and external liquid inlet chutes, including an internal liquid inlet chute and an external liquid inlet chute, are respectively connected to the liquid supply chute;
[0008] The tank body comprises an inner electrolytic tank and an outer liquid separation tank, wherein the inner electrolytic tank is provided with an in-tank flow dividing device, and the electrolyte in the liquid supply chute flows into the inner electrolytic tank through the inner liquid inlet chute, flows into the outer liquid separation tank through the outer liquid inlet chute, and then flows into the inner electrolytic tank uniformly from the outer liquid separation tank through the in-tank flow dividing device;
[0009] The electrolyte overflow device is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped and is placed on the upper end of the side wall of the inner electrolytic tank, opposite to the side where the inner and outer liquid inlet chutes are located. The electrolyte overflows from the bottom of the inner electrolytic tank from bottom to top through the electrolyte overflow device.
[0010] Anode mud gathering device, located at the bottom of the tank;
[0011] The calcium-magnesium crystal plate is suspended in the inner electrolytic cell, close to the inner and outer liquid inlet chutes.
[0012] Optionally, a flow regulating device is provided at the connection port between the inner liquid inlet chute and the liquid supply chute to regulate the liquid inlet flow of the inner electrolytic cell, and a flow regulating device is provided at the connection port between the outer liquid inlet chute and the liquid supply chute to regulate the liquid inlet flow of the outer liquid separation tank.
[0013] Optionally, the connection heights of the inner tank liquid inlet chute and the outer tank liquid inlet chute to the liquid supply chute are the same.
[0014] Optionally, an anti-corrosion gel coat layer is applied on the inner wall surface of the inner electrolytic cell.
[0015] Optionally, the in-tank flow diversion device is a plurality of equidistant liquid inlets arranged on the two long side surfaces of the inner electrolytic tank.
[0016] Optionally, the electrolyte overflow device is composed of a hollow rectangular overflow trough, a liquid receiving tray located at the notch above the overflow trough, and a liquid outlet pipe arranged at the bottom of the liquid receiving tray, and the whole is suspended on the side wall of the inner electrolytic cell.
[0017] Optionally, the anode mud aggregation device is of a wave-shaped type with an undulating surface.
[0018] Optionally, the bottom of the trough body is also provided with trough body legs, which fit with the bottom of the trough body and are placed on both sides of the long sides of the trough body.
[0019] Optionally, the inner electrolytic cell is provided with a plurality of calcium-magnesium crystal plates near the inner liquid inlet chute, which are suspended in the inner electrolytic cell in parallel with the anode and cathode plates.
[0020] Beneficial effects:
[0021] 1. The electrolytic cell of the present invention can effectively enhance the flow performance and mixing effect of the electrolyte in the electrolytic cell, so as to achieve uniform zinc ion concentration and cell temperature in the electrolyte, and eliminate concentration polarization and impurity enrichment at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.
[0022] 2. The electrolyte overflows from the bottom of the electrolytic cell through the overflow device, achieving the effect of top-in and bottom-out, making the electrolyte react more fully and improving the utilization rate of new electrolyte. It can significantly improve the quality of zinc flake precipitation at the bottom and obtain ideal zinc flake quality, current efficiency, and DC power consumption indicators.
[0023] 3. The anode mud gathering device designed at the bottom of the electrolytic cell enables the anode mud to settle in the low-lying area at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, which can reduce the number of slot excavation points and the workload of slot excavation.
[0024] 4. The calcium and magnesium crystal plate is suspended in the electrolytic cell to induce the precipitation of calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate in the electrolyte (regular cleaning of the tank), so as to achieve the selective removal of calcium and magnesium impurity elements in the electrolyte, further purify the electrolyte, and effectively reduce the DC power consumption. It can also solve the problem of calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate crystal blockage at the inlet of the electrolytic cell, ensure the effective volume of the electrolytic cell, and ensure continuous and stable production operation.
[0025] 5. This equipment has the advantages of simple structure, efficient operation, economic and energy-saving, etc. It plays an important role in the high and stable production of hydrometallurgical zinc smelting enterprises, improving product quality, reducing comprehensive energy consumption, and reducing production costs. It can significantly improve the economic benefits of enterprises and is in line with the national policy of green development, energy conservation and emission reduction for high-energy-consuming industries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:
[0027] Figure 1 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of a hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[0029] Reference numerals:
[0030] S-1: Liquid supply chute;
[0031] S203-A, S203-B: Flow regulating device
[0032] S-201: internal liquid inlet chute; S-202: external liquid inlet chute;
[0033] S-3: external liquid separation tank; S-4: electrolyte overflow device; S-5: internal flow separation device; S-6: internal electrolytic tank;
[0034] S-7: Anode mud aggregation device;
[0035] S-801, S-802: trough legs;
[0036] 300: A side; 301: B side; 302: C side; 303: D side; 304: E side;
[0037] 401: overflow tank; 402: liquid receiving tray; 403: liquid lower pipe;
[0038] 501: surface a; 502: surface b; 503: surface c;
[0039] a-1~an: a-side liquid dispensing port; c-1~cn: c-side liquid dispensing port;
[0040] S-9, S-10: Calcium magnesium crystal plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0041] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
[0042] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "automatic", "open", "closed", "connected", "liquid inlet", "setting", "overflow", "pressure", "diversion" and the like indicating the use relationship are based on the use relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or equipment referred to must have a specific use, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
[0043] In addition, the term "number mark" is used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically limited.
[0044] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and specified, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
[0045] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell, comprising:
[0046] Liquid supply chute S-1;
[0047] Internal and external liquid inlet chutes, including internal liquid inlet chute S-201 and external liquid inlet chute S-202, are respectively connected to the liquid supply chute S-1;
[0048] The tank body includes a sleeved inner electrolytic tank S-6 and an outer liquid separation tank S-3. The inner electrolytic tank S-6 is provided with an inner tank diverter S-5. The electrolyte in the liquid supply tank S-1 flows into the inner electrolytic tank S-6 through the inner liquid inlet tank S-201, flows into the outer liquid separation tank S-3 through the outer liquid inlet tank S-202, and then flows into the inner electrolytic tank S-6 from the outer liquid separation tank S-3 through the inner tank diverter S-5.
[0049] The electrolyte overflow device S-4 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped and is placed on the upper end of the side wall of the inner electrolytic tank S-6, opposite to the side where the inner and outer liquid inlet chutes are located. The electrolyte overflows from the bottom to the top from the bottom of the inner electrolytic tank S-6 through the electrolyte overflow device S-4;
[0050] Anode mud aggregation device S-7, located at the bottom of the tank;
[0051] The calcium-magnesium crystal plate is suspended in the inner electrolytic cell S-6, close to the inner and outer liquid inlet chutes.
[0052] Specifically, a flow regulating device S203-A is provided at the connection port between the inner liquid inlet chute S-201 and the liquid supply chute S-1 to regulate the liquid inlet flow of the inner electrolytic cell S-6, and a flow regulating device S203-B is provided at the connection port between the outer liquid inlet chute S-202 and the liquid supply chute S-1 to regulate the liquid inlet flow of the outer liquid separation tank S-3. At the same time, the flow regulating device S203-A and the flow regulating device S203-B can be regulated to ensure that the electrolyte has good up and down flow performance in the tank. At the same time, the inner tank liquid inlet chute S-201 and the outer tank liquid inlet chute S-202 are connected to the liquid supply chute S-1 at the same height to keep the overflow port at the same height.
[0053] In this embodiment, the inner electrolytic tank S-6 and the outer liquid separation tank S-3 in the tank body are both in the shape of a cuboid, wherein the inner electrolytic tank S-6 includes a surface 501, b surface 502, and c surface 503, and the in-tank flow dividing device S-5 includes a plurality of equidistant liquid inlets arranged on the two long side surfaces of the inner electrolytic tank S-6, specifically: liquid separation ports a-1 to an on the a surface, and liquid separation ports c-1 to cn on the c surface, and the outer liquid separation tank S-3 includes an A surface 300, a B surface 301, a C surface 302, a D surface 303, and an E surface 304. The short sides of the a and c surfaces are respectively connected to the D surface, the bottom edges of the a and c surfaces are 200 to 300 mm vertically from the E surface, and the vertical distances of the a surface to the A surface, the b surface to the B surface, and the c surface to the C surface are all 100 to 200 mm.
[0054] The electrolyte overflow device S-4 consists of a hollow rectangular overflow trough 401, a liquid receiving tray 402 located at the notch above the overflow trough 401, and a liquid outlet pipe 403 arranged at the bottom of the liquid receiving tray 402. The whole is suspended on the side wall of the inner electrolytic tank S-6, that is, located on the D surface. The vertical distance between the bottom edge of the overflow device and the E surface is 300 to 500 mm.
[0055] The electrolyte in the external liquid separation tank S-3 enters the inner electrolytic tank S-6 evenly from both sides of the inner electrolytic tank S-6 through the a-surface liquid separation ports a-1~an and c-surface liquid separation ports c-1~cn on the in-tank diversion device S-5. The electrolyte overflow device S-4 is arranged on the D-surface 304 in the inner electrolytic tank S-6. The electrolyte overflows from the electrolyte overflow pipe 401 of the electrolyte overflow device S-4 to the liquid receiving tray 402, and then enters the waste electrolyte circulation system through the lower liquid pipe 403. In this process, because the electrolyte overflow device S-4 is set in the inner electrolytic tank S-6, the electrolyte can only be discharged from the electrolyte overflow device S-4, so that a pressure difference is formed between the inner electrolytic tank S-6 and the outer liquid separation tank S-3. Under the action of the pressure difference, the electrolyte automatically enters the inner electrolytic tank S-6 from the outer liquid separation tank S-3. However, the anode mud generated in the tank is disturbed by the electrolyte to reduce the adhesion on the electrode plate and settle to the bottom of the tank. The anode mud gathering device S-7 gathers in the low-lying position of the device to facilitate the troughing operation and improve the anode mud cleaning effect. The calcium and magnesium ions in the electrolyte are induced to crystallize and precipitate in the form of calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate by the calcium and magnesium crystallization plate (regular tank cleaning), so as to achieve the selective removal of calcium and magnesium impurity elements in the electrolyte, which is conducive to the smooth progress of the electrolytic deposition process.
[0056] Specifically, an anti-corrosion gel coat layer is applied to the inner wall surface of the inner electrolytic cell S-6 to prevent sulfate from crystallizing on the surface and anode mud from scaling on the surface.
[0057] Specifically, the anode mud gathering device S-7 is of undulating wave shape, and is integral with the E surface, i.e., the bottom surface, of the external liquid separation tank S-3, so that the anode mud settles in the low-lying area, which is convenient for centralized and efficient cleaning.
[0058] Specifically, the bottom of the tank body is also provided with tank body supporting legs, which fit with the bottom of the tank body and are placed on both sides of the long sides of the tank body to achieve uniform force on the electrolytic cell.
[0059] Specifically, two calcium-magnesium crystal plates (calcium-based polymer composite materials) S-9 and S-10 are provided in the inner electrolytic tank S-6 near the inner liquid inlet chute S-201, which are suspended in parallel with the anode and cathode plates in the inner electrolytic tank S-6 to induce the precipitation of calcium sulfate and magnesium sulfate in the electrolyte (regularly discharged from the tank for cleaning), thereby achieving the selective removal of calcium and magnesium impurity elements in the electrolyte.
[0060] In this example, there is no specific restriction on the control of the electrolyte flow rate, which can be adjusted according to the actual production situation. The number of liquid separation ports provided on the in-tank diversion device S-5 is not fixed and can be adjusted according to the actual production situation.
[0061] In addition, it should be noted that the type selection, material selection, pipeline diameter, flow rate, quantity selection, etc. of the equipment and facilities involved in the hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell of the present invention can be reasonably selected according to specific needs.
[0062] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
[0063] The present invention is described above with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that these embodiments are merely illustrative and do not limit the present invention in any way.
Claims
1. A hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell, characterized in that: include: Liquid supply chute; Internal and external liquid inlet chutes, including an internal liquid inlet chute and an external liquid inlet chute, are respectively connected to the liquid supply chute; The tank body comprises an inner electrolytic tank and an outer liquid separation tank, wherein the inner electrolytic tank is provided with an in-tank flow dividing device, and the electrolyte in the liquid supply chute flows into the inner electrolytic tank through the inner liquid inlet chute, flows into the outer liquid separation tank through the outer liquid inlet chute, and then flows into the inner electrolytic tank uniformly from the outer liquid separation tank through the in-tank flow dividing device; The electrolyte overflow device is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped and is placed on the upper end of the side wall of the inner electrolytic tank, opposite to the side where the inner and outer liquid inlet chutes are located. The electrolyte overflows from the bottom of the inner electrolytic tank from bottom to top through the electrolyte overflow device. Anode mud gathering device, located at the bottom of the tank; The calcium-magnesium crystal plate is suspended in the inner electrolytic cell, close to the inner and outer liquid inlet chutes.
2. A hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flow regulating device is provided at the connection port between the inner liquid inlet chute and the liquid supply chute to regulate the liquid inlet flow of the inner electrolytic cell, and a flow regulating device is provided at the connection port between the outer liquid inlet chute and the liquid supply chute to regulate the liquid inlet flow of the outer liquid separation tank.
3. A hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The inner tank liquid inlet chute and the outer tank liquid inlet chute are both connected to the liquid supply chute at the same height.
4. A hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The inner wall surface of the inner electrolytic cell is coated with an anti-corrosion gel coat layer.
5. A hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The in-tank flow dividing device is a plurality of equidistant liquid inlets arranged on the two long side surfaces of the inner electrolytic tank.
6. A hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrolyte overflow device consists of a hollow rectangular overflow trough, a liquid receiving tray located at the notch above the overflow trough, and a liquid outlet pipe arranged at the bottom of the liquid receiving tray, and is hung on the side wall of the inner electrolytic tank as a whole.
7. A hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode mud gathering device is of a wave-shaped surface with undulating surfaces.
8. The hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the trough body is also provided with trough body supporting legs, which are matched with the bottom of the trough body and are placed on both sides of the long sides of the trough body.
9. A hydrometallurgical zinc electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner electrolytic cell is provided with a plurality of calcium-magnesium crystal plates near the inner liquid inlet chute, and the plates are suspended in the inner electrolytic cell in parallel with the anode and cathode plates.