Energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling and heat dissipation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage equipment, and particularly relates to an energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling and a heat dissipation method thereof.The energy storage system comprises a protection box, and a cooling layer, an energy storage module placement layer and a temporary storage layer are arranged in the protection box from top to bottom; a cooling liquid storage box is arranged in the cooling layer of the protection box, a liquid cooling heat dissipation assembly communicated with the external atmosphere is installed on the outer box wall of the cooling liquid storage box, a cooling liquid temporary storage box is arranged in the temporary storage layer of the protection box, and a cooling pipeline is connected between the cooling liquid storage box and the cooling liquid temporary storage box. A liquid return pipeline is further connected between the cooling liquid storage box and the cooling liquid temporary storage box; by combining two schemes of liquid cooling heat dissipation and air cooling heat dissipation, the heat dissipation mode can be intelligently selected or switched according to the actual temperature information of the energy storage system, and therefore it is ensured that the energy storage system can keep the optimal heat dissipation effect under various working conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage equipment, and in particular relates to an energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling and a heat dissipation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of renewable energy and the gradual construction of smart grids, the market demand for lithium-ion energy storage systems, as a key supporting technology, continues to grow. Especially in the fields of industrial and commercial energy storage and household energy storage, the economy and practicality of energy storage systems have been significantly improved due to the widening of the peak-to-valley price difference and the reduction of lithium battery costs. However, the operating efficiency and safety of energy storage systems are still key factors restricting their widespread application. Efficient thermal management is an important means to ensure the stable operation of energy storage systems and extend battery life.

[0003] Thermal management solutions for traditional energy storage systems mainly include air cooling and liquid cooling. Although liquid cooling has significant advantages in efficient heat dissipation, its high cost limits its widespread application in energy storage systems. Although air cooling has a lower cost, its heat dissipation effect is difficult to meet the needs of energy storage systems under high temperature and high load conditions, which may cause the battery temperature to be too high, affecting system performance and battery life.

[0004] In addition, existing energy storage systems often have a single heat dissipation method, which is difficult to adapt to the heat dissipation requirements under different environmental conditions and load requirements. Therefore, how to reduce system costs and improve system reliability and stability while ensuring heat dissipation efficiency has become a technical problem that needs to be solved in the current field of thermal management of energy storage systems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling and a heat dissipation method thereof to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling, comprising a protective box, wherein a cooling layer, an energy storage module placement layer and a temporary storage layer are arranged from top to bottom in the protective box; A coolant storage box is provided in the cooling layer of the protection box, a liquid cooling heat dissipation component connected to the external atmosphere is installed on the outer box wall of the coolant storage box, a coolant temporary storage box is provided in the temporary storage layer of the protection box, a cooling pipe is connected between the coolant storage box and the coolant temporary storage box, one end of the cooling pipe close to the coolant storage box is arranged at the bottom end of the cooling layer of the protection box, and one end of the cooling pipe close to the coolant temporary storage box is arranged at the bottom end of the storage module placement layer of the protection box, a first liquid pump is arranged on the cooling pipe, and a return liquid pipe is also connected between the coolant storage box and the coolant temporary storage box, and a second liquid pump is arranged on the return liquid pipe; A first box door is provided on the protection box of the energy storage module placement layer, energy storage modules are placed in the energy storage module placement layer, a plurality of first temperature sensors are installed in the energy storage module placement layer, and an air cooling and heat dissipation component is installed on the protection box of the energy storage module placement layer away from the first box door; The first temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the control module installed in the protection box, and the first liquid pump, the second liquid pump, the liquid cooling heat dissipation component and the air cooling heat dissipation component are all connected to the output end of the control module.

[0007] A further improvement of the technical solution is that the liquid cooling heat dissipation assembly includes a compressor, a condenser, a throttle and an evaporator, the evaporator is installed on the outer box wall of the coolant storage box, the first end of the evaporator is connected to the first end of the compressor through the throttle and the condenser in sequence, the second end of the compressor is connected to the second end of the evaporator, and the condenser is installed on the outer wall of the cooling layer protection box; The compressor, condenser, throttle and evaporator are connected to the output of the control module.

[0008] A further improvement of the technical solution is that a second temperature sensor is arranged in the coolant storage box, and the second temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the control module.

[0009] A further improvement of the technical solution is that the air-cooled heat dissipation assembly includes an installation frame, which is fixed on a protective box for the energy storage module placement layer away from the first box door. The installation frame is divided into several installation areas, and a cooling fan is fixedly installed in each installation area. The cooling fan is connected to the input end of the control module.

[0010] A further improvement of the technical solution is that a liquid level sensor is provided in the coolant temporary storage box, and the liquid level sensor is connected to the input end of the control module.

[0011] A further improvement of the technical solution is that the control module is installed on the first door, the control module includes a main controller and a display screen, and the display screen is connected to the output end of the main controller.

[0012] A further improvement of the technical solution is that it also includes a power supply module for supplying power to the entire system.

[0013] A further improvement of the technical solution is that a flame retardant layer is provided on the outer wall of the protection box.

[0014] A further improvement of the technical solution is that polystyrene is sprayed on the outer wall of the protection box to form a flame retardant layer.

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a heat dissipation method for an energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to any one of the above items, comprising: Acquire temperature information of the energy storage modules placed in the energy storage module placement layer through a first temperature sensor, and upload the acquired temperature information to the control module; The control module calculates the received temperature data and determines whether the calculated average temperature data is greater than a first preset temperature; If yes, then control to start the liquid cooling heat dissipation component, the first liquid pump and the air cooling heat dissipation component; If not, determining whether the calculated average temperature data is less than the first preset temperature and greater than the second preset temperature, and the first preset temperature is higher than the second preset temperature; If yes, then control to start the liquid cooling heat dissipation component and the first liquid pump; If not, the control starts the air cooling component.

[0016] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that, by combining the two solutions of liquid cooling and air cooling, the present invention can intelligently select or switch the cooling method according to the actual temperature information of the energy storage system, thereby ensuring that the energy storage system can maintain the best heat dissipation effect under various working conditions. This not only avoids the shortcomings of a single heat dissipation method under high temperature and high load conditions, but also reduces the cost investment of liquid cooling, and improves the overall economy and practicality of the system. In addition, the cooling pipe is laid flat on the bottom of the cooling layer of the protective box and the bottom of the energy storage module placement layer, which increases the contact area between the energy storage module and the cooling pipe and improves the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0017] In addition, the invention has a reliable design principle, a simple structure and a very broad application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the system structure of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the method flow of embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0022] 110 is a protective box, 111 is a first box door, 120 is a coolant storage box, 130 is a liquid cooling heat dissipation component, 131 is a compressor, 132 is a condenser, 133 is a throttle, 134 is an evaporator, 140 is a coolant temporary storage box, 150 is a cooling pipe, 151 is a first liquid pump, 160 is a return liquid pipe, 161 is a second liquid pump, 170 is a cooling fan, and 200 is an energy storage module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0025] Embodiment 1: like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling, including a protection box 110, in which a cooling layer, an energy storage module placement layer and a temporary storage layer are arranged from top to bottom.

[0026] Specifically, a coolant storage box 120 is arranged in the cooling layer of the protection box 110, and a liquid cooling heat dissipation component 130 connected to the external atmosphere is installed on the outer box wall of the coolant storage box 120, and a coolant temporary storage box 140 is arranged in the temporary storage layer of the protection box 110, and a cooling pipe 150 is connected between the coolant storage box 120 and the coolant temporary storage box 140, and the end of the cooling pipe 150 close to the coolant storage box 120 is arranged at the bottom end of the cooling layer of the protection box 110, and the end of the cooling pipe 150 close to the coolant temporary storage box 140 is arranged at the bottom end of the energy storage module placement layer of the protection box 110, and a first liquid pump 151 is arranged on the cooling pipe 150, and the coolant storage A liquid return pipe 160 is also connected between the box 120 and the cooling liquid temporary storage box 140, and a second liquid pump 161 is arranged on the liquid return pipe 160; a first box door 111 is arranged on the protective box 110 of the energy storage module placement layer, and the energy storage module 200 is placed in the energy storage module placement layer. A plurality of first temperature sensors are installed in the energy storage module placement layer, and an air-cooled heat dissipation component is installed on the protective box 110 of the energy storage module placement layer away from the first box door 111; the first temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the control module installed in the protective box 110, and the first liquid pump 151, the second liquid pump 161, the liquid-cooled heat dissipation component 130 and the air-cooled heat dissipation component are all connected to the output end of the control module. Among them, the first temperature sensor adopts a temperature sensor of model DS18B20. The energy storage system also includes a power module for powering the entire system.

[0027] The present invention combines liquid cooling and air cooling to intelligently select or switch the cooling mode according to the actual temperature information of the energy storage system, thereby ensuring that the energy storage system can maintain the best cooling effect under various working conditions. The cooling pipe 150 is laid flat on the bottom of the cooling layer of the protective box 110 and the bottom of the energy storage module placement layer, increasing the contact area between the energy storage module 200 and the cooling pipe 150 and improving the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0028] Embodiment 2: like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides an energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling, including a protective box 110, wherein a cooling layer, an energy storage module placement layer and a temporary storage layer are arranged from top to bottom in the protective box 110. A coolant storage box 120 is arranged in the cooling layer of the protective box 110, and a liquid cooling heat dissipation component 130 connected to the external atmosphere is installed on the outer box wall of the coolant storage box 120, and a coolant temporary storage box 140 is arranged in the temporary storage layer of the protective box 110, and a cooling pipe 150 is connected between the coolant storage box 120 and the coolant temporary storage box 140, and one end of the cooling pipe 150 close to the coolant storage box 120 is arranged at the bottom end of the cooling layer of the protective box 110, and one end of the cooling pipe 150 close to the coolant temporary storage box 140 is arranged at the bottom end of the energy storage module placement layer of the protective box 110, and a first liquid pump 151 is arranged on the cooling pipe 150, and the coolant storage box A liquid return pipe 160 is also connected between 120 and the coolant temporary storage box 140, and a second liquid pump 161 is arranged on the liquid return pipe 160; a first box door 111 is arranged on the protection box 110 of the energy storage module placement layer, and the energy storage module 200 is placed in the energy storage module placement layer. A plurality of first temperature sensors are installed in the energy storage module placement layer, and an air-cooled heat dissipation component is installed on the protection box 110 of the energy storage module placement layer away from the first box door 111; the first temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the control module installed in the protection box 110, and the first liquid pump 151, the second liquid pump 161, the liquid-cooled heat dissipation component and the air-cooled heat dissipation component are all connected to the output end of the control module.

[0029] Among them, the liquid cooling heat dissipation component includes a compressor 131, a condenser 132, a throttle 133 and an evaporator 134. The evaporator 134 is installed on the outer box wall of the coolant storage box 120. The first end of the evaporator 134 is connected to the first end of the compressor 131 through the throttle 133 and the condenser 132 in sequence. The second end of the compressor 131 is connected to the second end of the evaporator 134. The condenser 132 is installed on the outer wall of the cooling layer protection box 110; the compressor 131, the condenser 132, the throttle 133 and the evaporator 134 are all connected to the output end of the control module.

[0030] In order to ensure the heat dissipation efficiency, it is necessary to monitor the temperature of the coolant in the coolant storage tank 120 in real time. Therefore, a second temperature sensor is provided in the coolant storage tank 120, and the second temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the control module; it is possible to judge whether it is necessary to dissipate and cool the coolant in the coolant storage tank 120 according to the temperature data collected by the second temperature sensor, so that the temperature of the coolant in the coolant storage tank 120 is always maintained below the preset temperature; when it is judged that the liquid cooling heat dissipation component needs to be started according to the temperature data collected by the first temperature sensor, the liquid cooling heat dissipation component and the first liquid pump 151 can be immediately started to dissipate heat for the energy storage module 200.

[0031] The present invention forms a complete refrigeration cycle through the coordinated work of the compressor 131, the condenser 132, the throttle 133 and the evaporator 134. This cycle can effectively take away the heat in the coolant storage tank 120 and release it to the external environment through the condenser 132, thereby achieving efficient heat dissipation. Compared with traditional air-cooled heat dissipation, this heat dissipation method usually has higher heat dissipation efficiency and more stable heat dissipation performance. At the same time, the temperature of the coolant in the coolant storage tank 120 is monitored in real time by the second temperature sensor set, and when the temperature is higher than the preset temperature, the compressor 131, the condenser 132, the throttle 133 and the evaporator 134 are automatically started to work together to cool the coolant in the coolant storage tank 120, ensuring that the temperature of the coolant in the coolant storage tank 120 is always maintained below the preset temperature, which can facilitate cooling of the energy storage module 200.

[0032] Embodiment three: like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides an energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling, including a protective box 110, wherein a cooling layer, an energy storage module placement layer and a temporary storage layer are arranged from top to bottom in the protective box 110. A coolant storage box 120 is arranged in the cooling layer of the protective box 110, and a liquid cooling heat dissipation component 130 connected to the external atmosphere is installed on the outer box wall of the coolant storage box 120, and a coolant temporary storage box 140 is arranged in the temporary storage layer of the protective box 110, and a cooling pipe 150 is connected between the coolant storage box 120 and the coolant temporary storage box 140, and one end of the cooling pipe 150 close to the coolant storage box 120 is arranged at the bottom end of the cooling layer of the protective box 110, and one end of the cooling pipe 150 close to the coolant temporary storage box 140 is arranged at the bottom end of the energy storage module placement layer of the protective box 110, and a first liquid pump 151 is arranged on the cooling pipe 150, and the coolant storage box A liquid return pipe 160 is also connected between 120 and the coolant temporary storage box 140, and a second liquid pump 161 is arranged on the liquid return pipe 160; a first box door 111 is arranged on the protection box 110 of the energy storage module placement layer, and the energy storage module 200 is placed in the energy storage module placement layer. A plurality of first temperature sensors are installed in the energy storage module placement layer, and an air-cooled heat dissipation component is installed on the protection box 110 of the energy storage module placement layer away from the first box door 111; the first temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the control module installed in the protection box 110, and the first liquid pump 151, the second liquid pump 161, the liquid-cooled heat dissipation component and the air-cooled heat dissipation component are all connected to the output end of the control module.

[0033] In order to ensure the reliability of the installation of the air-cooled heat dissipation component, the air-cooled heat dissipation component is designed to include an installation frame, which is fixed on the energy storage module placement layer protection box 110 away from the first box door 111. The installation frame is divided into several installation areas, and a cooling fan 170 is fixedly installed in each installation area. The cooling fan 170 is connected to the input end of the control module. Multiple cooling fans 170 are installed separately to prevent mutual influence between the cooling fans 170 and improve the heat dissipation efficiency.

[0034] In order to prevent the coolant in the coolant temporary storage tank 140 from flowing back into the cooling pipe 150, the present invention is provided with a liquid level sensor in the coolant temporary storage tank 140, and the liquid level sensor is connected to the input end of the control module; if the control module determines that the liquid level is higher than the preset liquid level based on the liquid level information collected by the liquid level sensor, the control module controls the start-up of the second liquid pump 161 to transport the coolant from the coolant temporary storage tank 140 to the coolant storage tank 120.

[0035] In addition, the control module is installed on the first door 111, and the control module includes a main controller and a display screen, and the display screen is connected to the output end of the main controller. The main controller adopts a single chip microcomputer of model STC89C52.

[0036] In order to improve the safety of the energy storage system, the present invention further provides a flame retardant layer on the outer wall of the protection box 110 . Specifically, polystyrene is sprayed on the outer wall of the protection box 110 to form the flame retardant layer.

[0037] In order to facilitate the replacement of components in the protection box 110, the protection boxes 110 of the cooling layer and the temporary storage layer are both provided with a second box door.

[0038] The air-cooled heat dissipation assembly in the present invention avoids mutual influence between the heat dissipation fans by providing multiple heat dissipation fans and installing them separately, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency. In addition, the dual heat dissipation method combining liquid cooling and air cooling ensures that the energy storage module operates within the optimal operating temperature range and extends its service life. The present invention provides a flame retardant layer on the outer wall of the protective box, which effectively improves the fire resistance of the system and reduces the risk of fire. At the same time, by providing a second box door, the maintenance and replacement of the internal components of the cooling layer and the temporary storage layer are facilitated, further improving the safety and ease of use of the system.

[0039] Embodiment 4: like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a heat dissipation method for an energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to any one of the above items, comprising: Step 310, obtaining temperature information of the energy storage modules placed in the energy storage module placement layer through a first temperature sensor, and uploading the obtained temperature information to the control module; Step 320, the control module calculates the received temperature data and determines whether the calculated average temperature data is greater than the first preset temperature; if so, go to step 330; if not, go to step 340; Step 330, controlling and starting the liquid cooling heat dissipation component, the first liquid pump and the air cooling heat dissipation component; Step 340, determining whether the calculated average temperature data is less than the first preset temperature and greater than the second preset temperature, and the first preset temperature is higher than the second preset temperature; if so, proceed to step 350; if not, proceed to step 360; Step 350, controlling and starting the liquid cooling component and the first liquid pump; Step 360, control to start the air cooling heat dissipation component.

[0040] Specifically, a plurality of temperature sensors are provided in the energy storage module (including the energy storage battery PACK and the energy storage battery cluster, etc.) according to different control levels, and the temperature sensors are uploaded to the energy management system through the control module in real time. The energy management system performs intelligent calculation and evaluation according to the parameters that need to be set for the equipment, and issues corresponding control instructions (which can also be performed by the control module) according to the results of the comprehensive evaluation, to control the opening and closing states of the liquid cooling and heat dissipation components and the air cooling and heat dissipation components, thereby achieving the optimal operating state of the intelligently controlled energy storage system.

[0041] When the temperature of the energy storage module is greater than 35 degrees Celsius (ultra-high temperature situation), the energy management system will start liquid cooling and air cooling at the same time. The compressor will run actively to quickly remove the large amount of heat generated inside the energy storage system through the circulation of coolant. At the same time, the cooling fan will also run synchronously to quickly remove the high temperature in the energy storage system, quickly create a suitable working temperature for the energy storage system, and ensure the efficient operation of the energy storage system.

[0042] When the temperature of the energy storage module is between 30 degrees Celsius and 35 degrees Celsius, the heat dissipation of the energy storage system is relatively large. The compressor and the first liquid pump are controlled to start, and the large amount of heat generated inside the energy storage system is quickly removed through the circulation of coolant. When the temperature of the energy storage module is below 30 degrees Celsius (under normal temperature conditions), the temperature is moderate and the heat dissipation of the system is small, there is no need to start the compressor, and the cooling fan is used for air cooling.

[0043] The present invention combines liquid cooling and air cooling to intelligently select or switch the cooling method according to the actual temperature information of the energy storage system, thereby ensuring that the energy storage system can maintain the best cooling effect under various working conditions. This not only avoids the shortcomings of a single cooling method under high temperature and high load conditions, but also reduces the cost of liquid cooling and improves the overall economy and practicality of the system.

[0044] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited thereto. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various equivalent modifications or substitutions to the embodiments of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions shall be within the scope of the present invention. Any person of ordinary skill in the art may easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these shall be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling, characterized in that: It includes a protection box, in which a cooling layer, an energy storage module placement layer and a temporary storage layer are arranged from top to bottom; A coolant storage box is provided in the cooling layer of the protection box, a liquid cooling heat dissipation component connected to the external atmosphere is installed on the outer box wall of the coolant storage box, a coolant temporary storage box is provided in the temporary storage layer of the protection box, a cooling pipe is connected between the coolant storage box and the coolant temporary storage box, one end of the cooling pipe close to the coolant storage box is arranged at the bottom end of the cooling layer of the protection box, and one end of the cooling pipe close to the coolant temporary storage box is arranged at the bottom end of the storage module placement layer of the protection box, a first liquid pump is arranged on the cooling pipe, and a return liquid pipe is also connected between the coolant storage box and the coolant temporary storage box, and a second liquid pump is arranged on the return liquid pipe; A first box door is provided on the protection box of the energy storage module placement layer, energy storage modules are placed in the energy storage module placement layer, a plurality of first temperature sensors are installed in the energy storage module placement layer, and an air cooling and heat dissipation component is installed on the protection box of the energy storage module placement layer away from the first box door; The first temperature sensor is connected to the input end of the control module installed in the protection box, and the first liquid pump, the second liquid pump, the liquid cooling heat dissipation component and the air cooling heat dissipation component are all connected to the output end of the control module.

2. The energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The liquid cooling heat dissipation assembly includes a compressor, a condenser, a throttle and an evaporator, the evaporator is installed on the outer box wall of the coolant storage box, the first end of the evaporator is connected to the first end of the compressor through the throttle and the condenser in sequence, the second end of the compressor is connected to the second end of the evaporator, and the condenser is installed on the outer wall of the cooling layer protection box; The compressor, condenser, throttle and evaporator are connected to the output of the control module.

3. The energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A second temperature sensor is arranged in the coolant storage tank and is connected to an input end of the control module.

4. The energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air-cooled heat dissipation component includes an installation frame, which is fixed on the energy storage module placement layer protection box away from the first box door. The installation frame is divided into several installation areas, and a cooling fan is fixedly installed in each installation area. The cooling fan is connected to the input end of the control module.

5. The energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid level sensor is arranged in the coolant temporary storage tank, and the liquid level sensor is connected to the input end of the control module.

6. The energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module is installed on the first box door. The control module includes a main controller and a display screen. The display screen is connected to the output end of the main controller.

7. The energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is the power module that powers the entire system.

8. The energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to claim 1, characterized in that: A flame retardant layer is arranged on the outer wall of the protection box.

9. The energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to claim 8, characterized in that: Polystyrene is sprayed on the outer wall of the protective box to form a flame retardant layer.

10. A heat dissipation method for an energy storage system based on liquid cooling and air cooling according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: include: Acquire temperature information of the energy storage modules placed in the energy storage module placement layer through a first temperature sensor, and upload the acquired temperature information to the control module; The control module calculates the received temperature data and determines whether the calculated average temperature data is greater than a first preset temperature; If yes, then control to start the liquid cooling heat dissipation component, the first liquid pump and the air cooling heat dissipation component; If not, determining whether the calculated average temperature data is less than the first preset temperature and greater than the second preset temperature, and the first preset temperature is higher than the second preset temperature; If yes, then control to start the liquid cooling heat dissipation component and the first liquid pump; If not, the control starts the air cooling component.

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