Power divider and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a power divider and electronic equipment, relates to the technical field of power dividers, and aims to solve the problem that a power divider in the prior art cannot give consideration to a wide working frequency range and high power. The power divider comprises a circuit board, and an input coaxial line, a transformer, a plurality of output microstrip lines and a grounding end which are arranged on the circuit board, and the transformer is used for realizing impedance conversion, the transformer is connected to the joint of the input coaxial line and the plurality of output microstrip lines, and the transformer is electrically connected with the grounding end to form a power dividing circuit of the power divider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of power dividers, and in particular to a power divider and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] A power divider, also known as a power distributor, is an electronic device that is mainly used to evenly distribute the power of an input signal to multiple output ports. It is widely used in communications, radar, electronic countermeasures, measurement and testing, and other fields.

[0003] The power divider in the related art, on the one hand, has a relatively small power, generally only a few tens of milliwatts; on the other hand, the operating frequency range of the power divider is relatively narrow. Summary of the invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a power divider and an electronic device, which are used to solve the problem that the power divider in the related art cannot achieve both a wide operating frequency range and high power.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a power divider, comprising: a circuit board and an input coaxial line, a transformer, a plurality of output microstrip lines and a ground terminal arranged on the circuit board; the transformer is used to realize impedance conversion, the transformer is connected to the connection between the input coaxial line and the plurality of output microstrip lines, and the transformer is electrically connected to the ground terminal to form a power division circuit of the power divider.

[0006] In some embodiments, the transformer includes a magnetic ring and a first coaxial line, the magnetic ring is disposed on the circuit board, the first coaxial line passes through the magnetic ring, and the first coaxial line is connected to the connection between the input coaxial line and the plurality of output microstrip lines.

[0007] In some embodiments, the transformer includes a plurality of coupling components disposed on the circuit board, and the coupling components include a magnetic ring and one of the first coaxial lines passing through the magnetic ring.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first coaxial line has the same structure as the input coaxial line.

[0009] In some embodiments, the material of the magnetic ring is nickel-zinc ferrite material, and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic ring is greater than or 1000.

[0010] In some embodiments, the length of the input coaxial line is one eighth of the minimum wavelength.

[0011] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the input coaxial line is 2 mm to 6 mm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the input coaxial line is a semi-rigid coaxial line.

[0013] In some embodiments, the operating frequency range of the power divider is 20 MHz to 1 GHz.

[0014] In some embodiments, the number of the output microstrip lines is two, and an isolation resistor is connected between the two output microstrip lines.

[0015] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a shell and a power divider as described in the first aspect, wherein the shell is provided with an input connector on a side wall in a first direction, and a plurality of output connectors on the other side wall; the first direction is perpendicular to the height direction of the shell; the power divider is arranged in the shell, the input coaxial line is electrically connected to the input connector of the power divider, and the plurality of output connectors are electrically connected to a plurality of output microstrip lines of the power divider in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0016] The power divider provided in the embodiment of the present application adopts an input coaxial line and an output microstrip line as the input end and the output end of the power dividing circuit of the power divider respectively, so that the power divider combines the characteristics of the coaxial line and the microstrip line to form a hybrid coupler. In this way, on the one hand, the user can select an input coaxial line with a suitable length and characteristic impedance according to the application scenario of the power divider to solve the impedance matching problem; on the other hand, the power divider has the characteristics of wide operating frequency and high power while meeting the performance requirements; at the same time, such a design is conducive to reducing the volume of the power divider, so that the power divider achieves the purpose of taking into account a wide operating frequency range, high power and small volume. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power divider in some embodiments of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial structural diagram of the power divider in a viewing angle;

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The power divider circuit equivalent of the power divider in the figure is far away;

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The transmission principle diagram of the power divider in the low frequency band;

[0022] Figure 5 for Figure 1 The transmission principle diagram of the power divider in the high frequency band.

[0023] Description of reference numerals:

[0024] 10. Shell; 11. Shell body; 111. First opening; 112. Second opening; 12. Upper cover; 13. Input connector; 14. Output connector;

[0025] 20. Circuit board; 201. Impedance transformation unit; 202. Power distribution unit;

[0026] 21. Input coaxial line; 22. Transformer; 221. Magnetic ring; 222. First coaxial line; 23. Output microstrip line. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0028] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0029] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0030] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0031] A power divider, also known as a power distributor, is an electronic device that is mainly used to evenly distribute the power of an input signal to multiple output ports. It is widely used in communications, radar, electronic countermeasures, measurement and testing, and other fields.

[0032] The power divider in the related art, on the one hand, has a relatively small power, generally only a few tens of milliwatts; on the other hand, the operating frequency range of the power divider is relatively narrow.

[0033] In order to solve the above problems, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including a housing and a power divider.

[0034] like Figure 1 to Figure 3 As shown, the power divider includes: a circuit board 20 and an input coaxial line 21 ( Figure 2 Port 1 in the transformer 22, multiple output microstrip lines 23 ( Figure 2 Ports 3 and 4 in the Figure 2 Transformer 22 is used to achieve impedance conversion, the transformer 22 is connected to the connection between the input coaxial line 21 and the plurality of output microstrip lines 23, and the transformer 22 is electrically connected to the ground terminal to form a power divider circuit of the power divider.

[0035] The above power division circuit mainly plays the role of impedance matching and power distribution. The schematic diagram of the power division circuit is as follows Figure 3 The transformer 22 is used to achieve impedance conversion, and the equivalent circuit is as follows: Figure 3 The impedance transformation unit 201 ( Figure 2 The equivalent circuit of the above-mentioned multiple output microstrip lines 23 is as follows: Figure 3 The power distribution unit 202 ( Figure 2 The part surrounded by the double-dash line at the midpoint).

[0036] The output microstrip line 23 is a microstrip line at the output end. A microstrip line is a transmission line composed of a metal conductor line deposited on a dielectric substrate and a ground plane. The basic structure of a microstrip line includes a symmetrical microstrip line and an asymmetrical microstrip line. A microstrip line has the advantages of small size, light weight, wide frequency band, and integration.

[0037] The above-mentioned input coaxial line 21 is a coaxial line as an input end. The coaxial line is composed of separated conductor columns and can propagate transverse electromagnetic waves. From the perspective of the two separated conductor column structure and the transmission of transverse electromagnetic waves, the coaxial line transmission technology has relatively less signal attenuation and covers a wide frequency band. In theory, it can cover the entire frequency band and is a better choice for transmitting signals.

[0038] The length parameter of the input coaxial line 21 can be determined according to specific application scenarios in combination with parameters such as the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave and the impedance ratio, and is not specifically limited here.

[0039] The present application adopts an input coaxial line 21 and an output microstrip line 23 as the input end and the output end of the power dividing circuit of the power divider, respectively, so that the power divider combines the characteristics of the coaxial line and the microstrip line to form a hybrid coupler. In this way, on the one hand, the user can choose an input coaxial line 21 with a suitable length and characteristic impedance according to the application scenario of the power divider to solve the impedance matching problem; on the other hand, the power divider has the characteristics of wide operating frequency and high power while meeting the performance requirements; at the same time, such a design is conducive to reducing the volume of the power divider, so that the power divider achieves the purpose of taking into account a wide operating frequency range, high power and small volume.

[0040] Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the number of output microstrip lines 23 is two, that is, the power divider is called a two-way power divider, which achieves the purpose of dividing the power into two. The power divider of the present application can be but is not limited to a two-way power divider. The following takes a two-way power divider as an example, and the operating frequency range of the power divider is 20MHz to 1GHz for explanation.

[0041] An isolation resistor is connected between the two output microstrip lines 23 , so as to achieve signal isolation between the two output microstrip lines 23 .

[0042] The shell 10 is provided with an input connector 13 on one side wall in a first direction, and a plurality of output connectors 14 on the other side wall; the first direction is perpendicular to the height direction of the shell 10; the power divider is arranged in the shell 10, the input coaxial line 21 is electrically connected to the input connector 13 of the power divider, and the two output connectors 14 are electrically connected to the two output microstrip lines 23 of the power divider in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0043] The first direction is a direction perpendicular to the height direction of the housing 10. For example, when the housing 10 is a cube, the first direction may be a length direction or a width direction of the housing 10. When the housing 10 is a cylinder, the first direction may be a radial direction. The following description will be made by taking the case where the housing 10 is a cube and the first direction is the length direction of the housing 10 as an example.

[0044] Specifically, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the housing 10 includes a housing body 11 and an upper cover 12. The housing body 11 has a cavity. A first opening 111 is provided on one side wall of the housing body 11 along a first direction, and two second openings 112 are provided on another side wall at intervals. The input connector 13 is provided at the first opening 111, and the two output connectors 14 are provided at the second openings 112 respectively. The circuit board 20 and the components on the circuit board 20 (for example, the input coaxial line 21, the transformer 22, etc.) are integrally provided in the cavity. The upper cover 12 is provided on the opening of the cavity, so as to cover the housing 10, thereby playing a role of sealing and dustproofing.

[0045] Typically, the housing 10 is made of metal.

[0046] It should be noted that the shell body 11 and the upper cover 12 are detachably connected by screw connection, snap connection, etc., which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the circuit board 20 and the components on the circuit board 20.

[0047] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the transformer 22 includes three coupling components arranged on the circuit board 20, each coupling component includes a magnetic ring 221 and a first coaxial line 222 passing through the magnetic ring 221, the magnetic ring 221 and the first coaxial line 222 are coupled, and the three first coaxial lines 222 are electrically connected to form a T shape, and at the same time, the connection between the input coaxial line 21 and the two output microstrip lines 23 ( Figure 3 The equivalent circuit of the transformer 22 is as follows: Figure 3 The impedance transformation unit 201 in the power division circuit achieves a specific impedance ratio through the above settings.

[0048] In the low-frequency performance design process of the power divider, since one of the functions of the transformer 22 is impedance transformation, in order to reduce the signal transmission loss caused by impedance mismatch, it is necessary to consider the impedance of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222. Therefore, parameters such as the length of the first coaxial line 222 and the input coaxial line 21 are also relatively important. The power divider in the low-frequency transmission principle diagram is as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0049] Specifically, during the setting process of the three coupling components, two coupling components can be arranged in parallel at one end of the circuit board 20 close to the input connector 13, and the other three coupling components are set at one end of the circuit board 20 close to the output connector 14 and located in the middle of the two output microstrip lines 23.

[0050] The following description will be made by taking the example that the first coaxial line 222 has the same structure as the input coaxial line 21 .

[0051] It should be noted that the first coaxial line 222 has the same structure as the input coaxial line 21 , including the same length, diameter parameters and material.

[0052] In some embodiments, the outer diameter of the input coaxial line 21 is 2 mm to 6 mm.

[0053] Specifically, the outer diameter of the input coaxial line 21 can be 2 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.9 mm, 3 mm, 305 mm, 4 mm, 4.3 mm, 4.7 mm, 5 mm, 5.5 mm, or 6 mm.

[0054] Specifically, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, three coupling components are used, and the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 have the same structure, and are both semi-rigid coaxial lines.

[0055] As the name suggests, the semi-rigid coaxial line is not easily bent into shape, and its outer conductor is made of aluminum tube or copper tube. Its radio frequency leakage is very small (less than -120dB), and the signal crosstalk caused in the system can be ignored.

[0056] The passive intermodulation characteristics of this semi-rigid coaxial line are also very ideal. If you want to bend it into a certain shape, you need a special molding machine or a manual mold to complete it. The semi-rigid coaxial line uses solid polytetrafluoroethylene material as the filling medium. This material has very stable temperature characteristics, especially under high temperature conditions, it has very good phase stability.

[0057] The input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 are both semi-rigid coaxial lines, which is beneficial to providing overall stability of the power divider.

[0058] Since the impedance of a general load is 50 ohms, the characteristic impedance of a general coaxial line is generally 25 ohms. At the same time, in order to avoid the introduction of other parasitic parameters by resonance, the length of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is preferably one eighth of the minimum wavelength, so the length of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is 37 mm, and the outer diameter of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is 3 mm. The equivalent circuit in the low frequency band is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, not only an impedance ratio of 1:4 is achieved.

[0059] It should be noted that the above minimum wavelength is the minimum wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. In addition to being able to achieve an impedance ratio of 1:4, the above transformer 22 can also select other numbers of coupling components such as 1, 2, 4, 5, etc. as needed to achieve different impedance ratios, which are not specifically limited here. The following description takes an impedance ratio of 1:4 as an example.

[0060] In the high-frequency band performance design process of the power divider, the material and parameters of the magnetic ring 221 are also relatively important.

[0061] In this embodiment, the material of the magnetic ring 221 is nickel-zinc ferrite (TN120L), and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic ring 221 is greater than or 1000.

[0062] The magnetic permeability of nickel-zinc ferrite materials ranges from 15 to 2000 and is used in all applications. The magnetic permeability of commonly used materials is between 100 and 1000. According to the magnetic permeability, it can be divided into high magnetic permeability materials, conventional materials and low magnetic permeability materials. Materials with a magnetic permeability of more than 1000 are usually called high magnetic permeability materials, materials with a magnetic permeability of 200-1000 are called conventional materials, and materials with a magnetic permeability of less than 200 are called low magnetic permeability materials. Generally speaking, the lower the magnetic permeability of the material, the wider the applicable frequency range; the higher the magnetic permeability of the material, the narrower the applicable frequency range. For example: materials with μi=15 are suitable for occasions above 100MHz, while materials with μi=1500 are only suitable for occasions below 1MHz.

[0063] Since the operating frequency range of the power divider of the present application is 20MHz to 1GHz, it is necessary to use a high magnetic permeability material with a magnetic permeability greater than or equal to 1000. The magnetic ring 221 is made of nickel-zinc ferrite with high magnetic permeability, so that the power divider has good magnetic properties in the high frequency band, which is conducive to improving the magnetic properties of the power divider in the high frequency band and meeting the high-power design requirements of the power divider.

[0064] The magnetic permeability of the magnetic ring 221 may be 1000, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2000, 2100, 2300, etc.

[0065] Specifically, the material of the magnetic ring 221 is nickel-zinc ferrite (TN120L) with a magnetic permeability of 1200. The power divider is shown in the schematic diagram of high-frequency transmission. Figure 5 shown.

[0066] In summary, three coupling components are used in this embodiment. The input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 have the same structure and are both semi-rigid coaxial lines. Since the impedance of a general load is 50 ohms, the characteristic impedance of a general coaxial line is generally 25 ohms. At the same time, in order to avoid the introduction of other parasitic parameters by resonance, the length of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is preferably one eighth of the minimum wavelength, so the length of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is 37 mm, and the outer diameter of the input coaxial line 21 and the first coaxial line 222 is 3 mm. The material of the magnetic ring 221 is nickel-zinc ferrite (TN120L) with a magnetic permeability of 1200. The output end adopts a dual-path power divider of a microstrip line. In the operating frequency range of 20 MHz to 1 GHz, the impedance ratio is 1:4, and the input probability can reach 100 W. Thus, the purpose of taking into account a wide operating frequency range and high power is achieved.

[0067] The above are only specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A power divider, characterized in that: include: A circuit board (20), and an input coaxial line (21), a transformer (22), a plurality of output microstrip lines (23), and a ground terminal arranged on the circuit board (20); The transformer (22) is used to achieve impedance conversion, the transformer (22) is connected to the connection point between the input coaxial line (21) and the plurality of output microstrip lines (23), and the transformer (22) is electrically connected to the ground end to form a power division circuit of the power divider.

2. The power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transformer (22) comprises a magnetic ring (221) and a first coaxial line (222); the magnetic ring (221) is arranged on the circuit board (20); the first coaxial line (222) passes through the magnetic ring (221); and the first coaxial line (222) is connected to the connection point between the input coaxial line (21) and the plurality of output microstrip lines (23).

3. The power divider according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transformer (22) comprises a plurality of coupling components arranged on the circuit board (20), wherein the coupling components comprise a magnetic ring (221) and the first coaxial line (222) passing through the magnetic ring (221).

4. The power divider according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first coaxial line (222) has the same structure as the input coaxial line (21).

5. The power divider according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material of the magnetic ring (221) is nickel-zinc ferrite material, and the magnetic permeability of the magnetic ring (221) is greater than or 1000.

6. The power divider according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The length of the input coaxial line (21) is one eighth of the minimum wavelength.

7. The power divider according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the input coaxial line (21) is 2 mm to 6 mm; And / or, the input coaxial line (21) is a semi-rigid coaxial line.

8. The power divider according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The operating frequency range of the power divider is 20 MHz to 1 GHz.

9. The power divider according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The number of the output microstrip lines (23) is two, and an isolation resistor is connected between the two output microstrip lines (23).

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A shell, wherein an input connector (13) is provided on one side wall of the shell in a first direction, and a plurality of output connectors (14) are provided on another side wall of the shell; The first direction is perpendicular to the height direction of the housing; The power divider according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the power divider is arranged in the housing, the input coaxial line (21) is electrically connected to the input connector (13) of the power divider, and the plurality of output connectors (14) are electrically connected to the plurality of output microstrip lines (23) of the power divider in a one-to-one correspondence.

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