Aquaculture feed added with fermented schisandra chinensis dregs and preparation method of aquaculture feed

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feeds, and particularly relates to an aquaculture feed added with fermented Chinese magnoliavine herb residues and a preparation method thereof, and provides the aquaculture feed added with the fermented Chinese magnoliavine herb residues, which utilizes the fermented Chinese magnoliavine herb residues to enhance the immunity and disease resistance of cultured aquatic products such as phoxinus lagowskii, so that the yield of phoxinus lagowskii is improved. A solution is provided for diseases caused by the environment and fish bodies in the breeding process, meanwhile, resource utilization of the medicine residues is facilitated, the microbial fermentation technology is adopted, the value of the medicine residues is increased, waste is turned into wealth, powerful technical support is provided for aquatic ecological breeding, and then development of fishery green and healthy breeding is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feed, and particularly relates to an aquaculture feed added with fermented Schisandra chinensis medicinal residues and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, my country's aquaculture industry is developing very rapidly. Although the extensive application of compound feed in aquaculture has led to the emergence of new aquaculture varieties and aquaculture methods, the aquaculture density has become higher and higher, and the fish production has also increased significantly. But at the same time, new problems have also arisen. For example, with the increase in aquaculture density, water quality management has become more and more difficult, fish diseases have occurred frequently, and the large-scale use of chemical fish medicines and antibiotics has in turn affected the ecological balance of the water body, affecting the immunity and quality of the aquaculture varieties. With the globalization and integration of economic development, people's requirements for food quality are getting higher and higher, so ecological aquaculture and healthy aquaculture have also been mentioned in a very prominent position, and the application of Chinese herbal medicine in aquaculture is in line with this development demand.

[0003] Chinese herbal medicine has a history of thousands of years of medicinal use in my country. It has long been used as a feed additive for livestock and poultry to prevent diseases and promote growth. As a natural traditional medicine, Chinese herbal medicine is rich in a variety of active substances such as protein, polysaccharides, alkaloids, saponins, amino acids, vitamins, organic acids, etc.; it has the advantages of being pure natural, having few toxic side effects, and being both a medicine and food. According to research, Chinese medicine has the advantages of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, and enhancing the body's immunity in aquaculture. However, most of the Chinese herbal medicines are plant-derived medicinal materials, and their active ingredients are relatively complex and hindered by structures such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which makes it difficult to extract the active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, the utilization rate of the effective ingredients is low, and the efficacy is not ideal, resulting in a waste of resources; according to surveys and statistics, the annual production of Chinese medicine residues in China reaches about 70 million tons, and most of the Chinese medicine scraps with dual nutritional and medicinal values ​​are piled up, burned, and landfilled in the wild, which not only occupies land resources, but also causes air and water pollution, and has damaged the ecological environment.

[0004] In order to achieve a virtuous cycle of ecological resources and make it better used in aquaculture, fermented Chinese medicine came into being. It is a process of fermenting Chinese medicine with microorganisms as substrates. The use of microorganisms to ferment Chinese medicine can promote the release of its active substances, reduce toxicity and reduce toxic side effects, so that it produces antibacterial activity and new active ingredients. In addition, the enzymes in the fermentation matrix can decompose macromolecules, making its active ingredients easier to be absorbed and utilized by the body. According to data, adding immunopotentiators to feed can improve the disease resistance and immunity of fish; and Chinese medicine immunopotentiators have good effects, few side effects, large market demand, and broad development prospects. However, Chinese medicine resources are limited. With the recognition of Chinese medicine feed additives, limited Chinese medicine resources will inevitably become tight, and the problem of human and animal competition for medicine will arise. Because Chinese medicine residues also have the effects of enhancing immunity, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial, the improvement of Chinese medicine residues with microbial fermentation technology and their application to aquaculture can not only alleviate the tension of Chinese medicine resources but also improve the immunity of aquatic animals.

[0005] In view of this, the inventors hope to provide an aquaculture feed added with fermented Schisandra chinensis residues and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above problems existing in the traditional technology and provide an aquaculture feed added with fermented Schisandra chinensis dregs and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] In order to achieve the above technical objectives and the above technical effects, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The invention provides an aquaculture feed added with fermented Schisandra chinensis residues. The feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of fish meal, 20-40 parts of peeled soybean meal, 10-30 parts of flour, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-2 parts of vitamin premix, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of fermented Schisandra chinensis residues, 0.5-2.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 1-3 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 0.4-0.6 parts of lysine and 1.8-2.2 parts of L-methionine.

[0009] Furthermore, the above-mentioned aquaculture feed contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of peeled soybean meal, 20 parts of flour, 15 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 1 part of fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, 2.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine, and 2 parts of L-methionine.

[0010] Furthermore, the above-mentioned aquaculture feed contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of fish meal, 35 parts of peeled soybean meal, 25 parts of flour, 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, 1.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine, and 2 parts of L-methionine.

[0011] Furthermore, the above-mentioned aquaculture feed contains the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 25 parts of peeled soybean meal, 25 parts of flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 2.5 parts of fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, 0.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine, and 2 parts of L-methionine.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned aquaculture feed, the vitamin premix contains per kilogram: VA, 700,000 IUg; VD3, 350,000 IUg; VK, 3.5g; VE, 16g; VB1, 3.5g; VB2, 7g; VB6, 7g; VB12, 0.007g; folic acid, 1.6g; calcium pantothenate, 16g; inositol, 35g; niacin, 35g; biotin, 0.03g; VC, 35g.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned aquaculture feed, the preparation steps of the fermented Schisandra chinensis dregs are as follows:

[0014] 1) Sterilize 6000 ml brown sugar water at 121°C for 20 min, add 30 g starter culture when it cools to 30°C; mix well, seal and ferment at room temperature for 3 days to obtain a mixed bacterial solution;

[0015] 2) Sprinkle the mixed bacterial solution evenly into 300g of Schisandra chinensis residue, stir and mix, control the water content to 60%, seal in a fermentation bag; place in a 37°C incubator, and ferment for 3 days at a time;

[0016] 3) drying 300 g of Schisandra chinensis residues obtained from the primary fermentation at 65° C., mixing them evenly with 36.1 g corn flour, 18.1 g bran, 3.6 g calcium sulfate and 3.6 g glucose, adding 50% of the bacterial liquid of Bacillus licheniformis, and sealing them in a fermentation bag; placing them in an incubator at 37° C. for secondary fermentation for 3 days;

[0017] 4) After the secondary fermentation is completed, place in a dryer for drying and set aside.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned aquaculture feed, in step 1), the main bacterial species of the fermentation agent are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus, and the weight proportion of each bacterial species is equal.

[0019] Furthermore, in the above-mentioned aquaculture feed, in step 2), the Schisandra chinensis residue comes from the waste generated by Tonghua Xiuzhen Pharmaceutical in Jilin Province after producing liver protection tablets.

[0020] The invention also provides a method for preparing aquaculture feed, comprising the following steps: weighing each component according to weight ratio, crushing each component, sieving, mixing, and granulating to obtain the feed.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] The invention provides an aquaculture feed added with fermented Schisandra chinensis residues, and utilizes the fermented Schisandra chinensis residues to enhance the immune disease resistance of cultured aquatic products such as Hercules reticulatus, provides a solution to diseases caused by the environment and the fish itself during the breeding process, and is beneficial to the resource utilization of the residues. The invention adopts microbial fermentation technology to improve the value of the residues, turning waste into treasure, and provides strong technical support for aquatic ecological breeding, thereby promoting the development of green and healthy aquaculture in fisheries.

[0023] Of course, any product implementing the present invention does not necessarily need to achieve all of the above advantages at the same time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] The relevant specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] In the following embodiments, the vitamin premix contains per kilogram: VA, 700,000 IUg; VD3, 350,000 IUg; VK, 3.5g; VE, 16g; VB1, 3.5g; VB2, 7g; VB6, 7g; VB12, 0.007g; folic acid, 1.6g; calcium pantothenate, 16g; inositol, 35g; niacin, 35g; biotin, 0.03g; VC, 35g.

[0027] In the following embodiments, the Schisandra chinensis residues are wastes generated by Tonghua Xiuzhen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. in Jilin Province after producing liver protection tablets. The licheniformis is from the research group of the Fisheries Laboratory of Jilin Agricultural University. Since the Schisandra chinensis residues contain a large amount of lignans, proteins, polysaccharides and crude fibers, it is not easy to be absorbed by the fish body if they are directly added to the feed, so the Schisandra chinensis residues need to be pre-fermented twice. The specific processing steps are as follows:

[0028] 1) sterilize 6000 ml brown sugar water at 121° C. for 20 min, add 30 g starter culture when it cools to 30° C. The main bacterial species of the starter culture include equal amounts of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus; mix well, seal and ferment at room temperature for 3 days to obtain a mixed bacterial solution;

[0029] 2) Sprinkle the mixed bacterial solution evenly into 300g of Schisandra chinensis residue, stir and mix, control the water content to 60%, seal in a fermentation bag; place in a 37°C incubator, and ferment for 3 days at a time;

[0030] 3) drying 300 g of Schisandra chinensis residues obtained from the primary fermentation at 65° C., mixing them evenly with 36.1 g corn flour, 18.1 g bran, 3.6 g calcium sulfate and 3.6 g glucose, adding 50% of the bacterial liquid of Bacillus licheniformis, and sealing them in a fermentation bag; placing them in an incubator at 37° C. for secondary fermentation for 3 days;

[0031] 4) After the secondary fermentation is completed, place in a dryer for drying and set aside.

[0032] The fermented Schisandra chinensis residue was tested, and the results showed that the crude fiber content decreased from 22.12% before fermentation to 18.03% after fermentation, and the total sugar content increased from 127.96 mg / g before fermentation to 259.81 mg / g after fermentation.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The present embodiment provides an aquaculture feed added with fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of peeled soybean meal, 20 parts of flour, 15 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 1 part of fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, 2.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine, and 2 parts of L-methionine.

[0035] The preparation method of the aquaculture feed is as follows: weigh each component according to the weight ratio, crush each component, sieve, mix, prepare a compound feed with a particle size of 1.5 mm, and store it at 4°C after drying for later use.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The present embodiment provides an aquaculture feed added with fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of fish meal, 35 parts of peeled soybean meal, 25 parts of flour, 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, 1.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine, and 2 parts of L-methionine.

[0038] The preparation method of the aquaculture feed is as follows: weigh each component according to the weight ratio, crush each component, sieve, mix, prepare a compound feed with a particle size of 1.5 mm, and store it at 4°C after drying for later use.

[0039] Example 3

[0040] The present embodiment provides an aquaculture feed added with fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 25 parts of peeled soybean meal, 25 parts of flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 2.5 parts of fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, 0.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine, and 2 parts of L-methionine.

[0041] The preparation method of the aquaculture feed is as follows: weigh each component according to the weight ratio, crush each component, sieve, mix, prepare a compound feed with a particle size of 1.5 mm, and store it at 4°C after drying for later use.

[0042] Example 4

[0043] The experiment was conducted in the aquaculture room of the College of Animal Science and Technology of Jilin Agricultural University. Before the feeding experiment began, the fish were pre-fed for 15 days to adapt to the breeding environment. The fish were stopped from feeding for 24 hours before grouping. 600 3g young fish and strong Luo's mullet were selected and divided into 5 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 40 Luo's mullet in each replicate. The feeding experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The water temperature was 20℃+1℃; ammonia nitrogen <0.5mg / L, nitrite <0.05mg / L, dissolved oxygen >6mg / L, and pH was controlled at 7.5-8.5. The fish were fed 3 times a day (7:00 am, 12:00 noon, and 17:00 pm). The feeding rate was 3-5%, and the feeding method was artificial baiting. The water was changed once every 2 days, and 1 / 3-1 / 4 of the water was changed each time.

[0044] Keep the aquaculture water fresh; record the feeding status of each bucket of fish every day and observe the activity of the fish. The results show that the fish are growing well.

[0045] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the present invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details in detail, nor do they limit the invention to specific implementation methods. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand and use the present invention well. The present invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. An aquaculture feed added with fermented Schisandra chinensis dregs, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-30 parts of fish meal, 20-40 parts of peeled soybean meal, 10-30 parts of flour, 10-20 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-2 parts of vitamin premix, 1-2 parts of fish oil, 1-3 parts of fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, 0.5-2.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 1-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1-2 parts of choline chloride, 0.4-0.6 parts of lysine and 1.8-2.2 parts of L-methionine.

2. The aquaculture feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of fish meal, 30 parts of peeled soybean meal, 20 parts of flour, 15 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 1 part of fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, 2.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine and 2 parts of L-methionine.

3. The aquaculture feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of fish meal, 35 parts of peeled soybean meal, 25 parts of flour, 10 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 1.5 parts of fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, 1.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine and 2 parts of L-methionine.

4. The aquaculture feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of fish meal, 25 parts of peeled soybean meal, 25 parts of flour, 20 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of vitamin premix, 1.5 parts of fish oil, 2.5 parts of fermented Schisandra chinensis residue, 0.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1.5 parts of choline chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine and 2 parts of L-methionine.

5. The aquaculture feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The vitamin premix contains per kilogram: VA, 700,000 IUg; VD3, 350,000 IUg; VK, 3.5g; VE, 16g; VB1, 3.5g; VB2, 7g; VB6, 7g; VB12, 0.007g; folic acid, 1.6g; calcium pantothenate, 16g; inositol, 35g; niacin, 35g; biotin, 0.03g; VC, 35g.

6. The aquaculture feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the fermented Schisandra chinensis dregs are as follows: 1) Sterilize 6000 ml brown sugar water at 121°C for 20 min, add 30 g starter culture when it cools to 30°C; mix well, seal and ferment at room temperature for 3 days to obtain a mixed bacterial solution; 2) Sprinkle the mixed bacterial liquid evenly into 300g of Schisandra chinensis residue, stir and mix, control the water content to 60%, and seal in a fermentation bag; Place in a 37°C incubator and ferment for 3 days at a time; 3) drying 300 g of Schisandra chinensis residues obtained from the primary fermentation at 65° C., mixing them evenly with 36.1 g corn flour, 18.1 g bran, 3.6 g calcium sulfate and 3.6 g glucose, adding 50% of the bacterial liquid of Bacillus licheniformis, and sealing them in a fermentation bag; placing them in an incubator at 37° C. for secondary fermentation for 3 days; 4) After the secondary fermentation is completed, place in a dryer for drying and set aside.

7. The aquaculture feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 1), the main bacterial species of the fermentation agent are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Candida utilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus, and the weight proportion of each bacterial species is equal.

8. The aquaculture feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 2), the Schisandra chinensis residue is waste generated by Tonghua Xiuzhen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. in Jilin Province after producing liver protection tablets.

9. The method for preparing aquaculture feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The components are weighed according to the weight ratio, crushed, sieved, mixed and granulated to obtain the product.