Agricultural popularization vegetable cultivation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an agricultural popularization vegetable cultivation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of agricultural planting. The agricultural promotion vegetable cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1, mixing an organic material, an inorganic mineral and a biological agent according to a specific proportion to prepare a cultivation medium; s2, the vegetable seeds are subjected to pretreatment including warm water soaking, plant growth regulator soaking and microelement solution soaking; s3, a drip irrigation system is adopted for irrigation, and water-soluble fertilizers of different formulas are added into drip irrigation water according to the growth stage of the vegetables; s4, carrying out illumination and temperature regulation and control on a vegetable cultivation environment; s5, performing pest control by adopting a strategy of mainly biological control and physical control and secondarily chemical control. Through the application of the drip irrigation system, the utilization rate of water resources is improved, 30%-50% of irrigation water can be saved, meanwhile, fertilizer waste is reduced through precise fertilization, and the production cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to an agricultural popularization vegetable cultivation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Against the backdrop of a growing global population and increasing attention to healthy eating, vegetables, as an important component of the human diet, are of vital importance for their stable supply and high-quality production. Traditional vegetable cultivation methods face many challenges. From the perspective of soil fertility, the long-term traditional planting model has caused the soil nutrients to gradually become unbalanced and the fertility to be seriously lost. Although the large-scale use of chemical fertilizers can maintain vegetable growth in the short term, it can easily lead to soil compaction and damage to the soil microbial community, which in turn affects the efficiency of vegetable absorption of nutrients and limits the sustainable growth of vegetable production.

[0003] In traditional cultivation, excessive reliance on chemical pesticides for pest control not only causes pests and pathogens to gradually develop resistance, leading to a continuous increase in pesticide usage and increased production costs, but also a large amount of chemical pesticides remain on the surface of vegetables and in the soil, posing a serious threat to food safety and the ecological environment. With the increasing scarcity of water resources, improving water resource utilization has become a problem that must be solved in vegetable cultivation. At the same time, traditional irrigation methods are prone to uneven soil moisture content, which affects the growth and development of vegetable roots and indirectly affects the yield and quality of vegetables. Therefore, technicians in this field provide an agricultural promotion vegetable cultivation method and its application to solve the problems raised in the above background technology. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an agricultural promotion vegetable cultivation method and application thereof, which solves the problems of pesticide residues and uneven soil moisture easily caused by traditional cultivation.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for cultivating vegetables for agricultural promotion, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1. Mix organic materials, inorganic minerals and biological agents in a specific proportion to form a cultivation medium;

[0009] S2. Pretreatment of vegetable seeds including soaking in warm water, plant growth regulators and trace element solutions;

[0010] S3. Use a drip irrigation system for irrigation and add water-soluble fertilizers of different formulas to the drip irrigation water according to the growth stage of the vegetables;

[0011] S4. Regulate the light and temperature of the vegetable cultivation environment;

[0012] S5. Use biological and physical control as the main and chemical control as the auxiliary strategy to control pests and diseases.

[0013] Preferably, the organic material in the cultivation matrix in the step S1 is decomposed farmyard manure and crop straw, the inorganic minerals are vermiculite and perlite, the biological agent contains beneficial microorganisms related to Bacillus and Trichoderma, and the decomposed farmyard manure accounts for 40% to 50%, the vermiculite accounts for 30% to 40%, the perlite accounts for 10% to 20%, and the biological agent accounts for 0.5% to 1% of the total amount. The above materials are respectively placed in a blender and fully mixed to ensure that the various components can be fully integrated to form a consistent cultivation matrix, and the mixed cultivation matrix is ​​placed in a container such as a planting trough, a flower pot or a planting bag to prepare for the next step of planting operation.

[0014] Preferably, in the S2 step, the warm water temperature for seed treatment is 30 to 35 degrees Celsius, the soaking time is 1 to 2 hours, the plant growth regulator is gibberellin, the concentration is 10 to 50 ppm, the trace element is zinc or boron, the concentration is 0.1% to 05%, the soaking time of the plant growth regulator and trace element solution is 10 to 30 minutes, the soaked seeds are taken out, placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry, and prepared for sowing.

[0015] Preferably, in step S3, the drip irrigation system drips 1 to 2 times a day during the seedling stage, with each drip irrigation amount being 50 to 100 ml per plant; and drips 2 to 3 times a day during the growth stage, with each drip irrigation amount being 150 to 250 ml per plant.

[0016] Preferably, the light and temperature control in step S4 are respectively: when the light intensity during the day is insufficient, use LED plant fill lights to supplement the light, ensuring that the vegetables receive 12 to 16 hours of light per day, the daytime temperature is maintained at 20 to 28 degrees Celsius, and the night temperature is maintained at 15 to 20 degrees Celsius.

[0017] Preferably, the biological control in step S5 includes releasing natural enemy insects, including predatory mites or trichogrammatids, and the physical control includes setting up yellow boards, blue boards and insect-proof nets. When the pests and diseases are serious, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides are used for control.

[0018] According to the application of an agricultural promotion vegetable cultivation method described in claims 1 to 6 in vegetable cultivation, the vegetables include leafy vegetables and solanaceous vegetables.

[0019] (III) Beneficial effects

[0020] The present invention provides a vegetable cultivation method for agricultural extension and its application. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. In the present invention, by optimizing the cultivation substrate, seed treatment, irrigation and fertilization, light and temperature regulation, and pest and disease control, the vegetable yield can be increased by 20% to 25% compared with the traditional cultivation method.

[0022] 2. In the present invention, the use of the drip irrigation system improves the utilization rate of water resources, which can save 30% to 50% of irrigation water. At the same time, precise fertilization reduces fertilizer waste and reduces production costs.

[0023] 3. In the present invention, the pest control strategy based on biological control and physical control reduces the use of chemical pesticides and reduces the pollution to soil, water and air. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] Embodiment 1:

[0026] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for cultivating vegetables for agricultural promotion, comprising the following steps:

[0027] S1. Mix organic materials, inorganic minerals and biological agents in a specific proportion to form a cultivation medium;

[0028] S2. Pretreatment of vegetable seeds including soaking in warm water, plant growth regulators and trace element solutions;

[0029] S3. Use a drip irrigation system for irrigation and add water-soluble fertilizers of different formulas to the drip irrigation water according to the growth stage of the vegetables;

[0030] S4. Regulate the light and temperature of the vegetable cultivation environment;

[0031] S5. Use biological and physical control as the main and chemical control as the auxiliary strategy to control pests and diseases.

[0032] In step S1, the organic materials in the cultivation matrix are decomposed farmyard manure and crop straw, the inorganic minerals are vermiculite and perlite, the biological agent contains beneficial microorganisms related to Bacillus and Trichoderma, and the decomposed farmyard manure accounts for 40% to 50%, the vermiculite accounts for 30% to 40%, the perlite accounts for 10% to 20%, and the biological agent accounts for 0.5% to 1% of the total amount. The above materials are respectively put into a blender to mix them thoroughly and evenly to ensure that the various components can be fully integrated to form a consistent cultivation matrix, and the mixed cultivation matrix is ​​placed in a container such as a planting trough, a flower pot or a planting bag to prepare for the next step of planting operation.

[0033] In step S2, the seeds are treated with warm water with a soaking temperature of 30 to 35 degrees Celsius for 1 to 2 hours. The plant growth regulator is gibberellin with a concentration of 10 to 50 ppm. The trace element is zinc or boron with a concentration of 0.1% to 05%. The soaking time of the plant growth regulator and trace element solution is 10 to 30 minutes. The soaked seeds are taken out and placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry, ready for sowing.

[0034] In step S3, the drip irrigation system drips 1 to 2 times a day during the seedling stage, with each drip irrigation amount being 50 to 100 ml per plant; and drips 2 to 3 times a day during the growth stage, with each drip irrigation amount being 150 to 250 ml per plant.

[0035] In step S4, the light and temperature control are as follows: when the light intensity is insufficient during the day, use LED plant fill lights to supplement the light, ensure that the vegetables receive 12 to 16 hours of light every day, maintain the daytime temperature at 20 to 28 degrees Celsius, and the night temperature at 15 to 20 degrees Celsius.

[0036] In step S5, biological control includes releasing natural enemy insects, including predatory mites or trichogrammatids, and physical control includes setting up yellow boards, blue boards and insect-proof nets. When pests and diseases are serious, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides are used for control.

[0037] According to the application of an agricultural promotion vegetable cultivation method in claims 1 to 6 in vegetable cultivation, the vegetables include leafy vegetables and solanaceous vegetables.

[0038] Embodiment 2: Cultivation of lettuce: After the cultivation substrate is mixed according to the above ratio, it is placed in a planting trough. The specifications of the planting trough can be determined according to the actual planting area, such as 1-2 meters, 0.5-1 meters wide, and 0.2-0.3 meters high; Seed treatment: Select lettuce seeds, treat them according to the above seed treatment method, and evenly sow them on the cultivation substrate at a sowing density of 1-2 grams per square meter; Use a drip irrigation system and operate according to the irrigation and fertilization requirements of different growth stages of lettuce. Perform the first topdressing on the lettuce 20-30 days after growth, and then add 100 grams of fertilizer to the lettuce. The second top dressing should be carried out after 40-50 days of growth. Light and temperature control: When growing lettuce in a greenhouse, control the light and temperature according to the requirements. For example, in winter, the temperature can be kept at 20-28 degrees Celsius during the day by uncovering the insulation blanket, and the temperature can be kept at 15-20 degrees Celsius at night. At the same time, turn on the supplementary light in time when the light is insufficient. Place yellow boards in the lettuce planting area to trap pests such as aphids, and release predatory mites to prevent and control possible leaf mites. During the growth period of lettuce, check for pests and diseases every 7-10 days. If any pests and diseases are found, deal with them in time according to the prevention and control strategies.

[0039] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A vegetable cultivation method for agricultural extension, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Mix organic materials, inorganic minerals and biological agents in a specific proportion to form a cultivation medium; S2. Pretreatment of vegetable seeds including soaking in warm water, plant growth regulators and trace element solutions; S3. Use a drip irrigation system for irrigation and add water-soluble fertilizers of different formulas to the drip irrigation water according to the growth stage of the vegetables; S4. Regulate the light and temperature of the vegetable cultivation environment; S5. Use biological and physical control as the main and chemical control as the auxiliary strategy to control pests and diseases.

2. The method for cultivating vegetables for agricultural extension according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the organic materials in the cultivation matrix are decomposed farmyard manure and crop straw, the inorganic minerals are vermiculite and perlite, the biological agent contains beneficial microorganisms related to Bacillus and Trichoderma, and the decomposed farmyard manure accounts for 40% to 50%, the vermiculite accounts for 30% to 40%, the perlite accounts for 10% to 20%, and the biological agent accounts for 0.5% to 1% of the total amount. The above materials are respectively put into a blender to fully mix them to ensure that the various components can be fully integrated to form a consistent cultivation matrix, and the mixed cultivation matrix is ​​placed in a container such as a planting trough, a flower pot or a planting bag to prepare for the next step of planting operation.

3. The method for cultivating vegetables for agricultural extension according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S2, the warm water soaking temperature for seed treatment is 30 to 35 degrees Celsius, the soaking time is 1 to 2 hours, the plant growth regulator is gibberellin, the concentration is 10 to 50ppm, the trace element is zinc or boron, the concentration is 0.1% to 05%, and the soaking time of the plant growth regulator and trace element solution is 10 to 30 minutes. The soaked seeds are taken out and placed in a cool and ventilated place to dry, ready for sowing.

4. The method for cultivating vegetables for agricultural extension according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the drip irrigation system drips 1 to 2 times a day during the seedling stage, with each drip irrigation amount being 50 to 100 ml per plant; and drips 2 to 3 times a day during the growth stage, with each drip irrigation amount being 150 to 250 ml per plant.

5. The method for cultivating vegetables for agricultural extension according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light and temperature control in step S4 are as follows: when the light intensity is insufficient during the day, LED plant fill lights are used to fill in the light, ensuring that the vegetables receive 12 to 16 hours of light per day, the daytime temperature is maintained at 20 to 28 degrees Celsius, and the night temperature is maintained at 15 to 20 degrees Celsius.

6. The method for cultivating vegetables for agricultural extension according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, biological control includes releasing natural enemy insects, including predatory mites or trichogrammatids, and physical control includes setting up yellow boards, blue boards and insect-proof nets. When the pests and diseases are serious, low-toxic and low-residue pesticides are used for control.

7. A method for cultivating vegetables for agricultural extension according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Application in vegetable cultivation, wherein the vegetables include leafy vegetables and solanaceous vegetables.