Automatic forming method and forming equipment for cap-shaped structure of composite material

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of composite material forming, in particular to an automatic forming method and forming equipment for a composite material cap-shaped structure. The method comprises the steps that separable supporting assemblies are arranged on a first protrusion and a second protrusion of forming equipment, and an air guide layer is arranged on an air hole; the material blank is transferred to a supporting assembly; an inner isolation film unit and a ventilation unit are sequentially arranged on the blank; separable sealing units are arranged on the outer side of the first protrusion, the outer side of the second protrusion and the forming equipment bearing part, and a vacuum film unit is arranged on the separable sealing units and sealed to form a vacuum bag; and the vacuum bag is vacuumized, and preforming and curing are sequentially completed on the material blank. According to the method, a separable supporting assembly is arranged on forming equipment, the two procedures of preforming and curing are completed through one-time bag making, auxiliary material consumption and labor hours are remarkably reduced, the sealing quality risk is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of composite material molding, and in particular to an automatic molding method and molding equipment for a composite material cap-shaped structure. Background Art

[0002] Composite materials are widely used in aerospace and other fields due to their light weight and high strength. Among them, composite reinforced panels made of reinforcing ribs (hat-shaped, C-shaped and L-shaped long stringers) and skins through co-bonding or co-curing are widely used in aircraft fuselages, wings, tail fins and other main load-bearing parts as typical integrated structures. Influenced by the aerodynamic shape of the aircraft, most hat-shaped structural parts have large arch height and torsion, making the forming of hyperbolic hat-shaped structural parts an important process in the manufacture of reinforced panels.

[0003] In the existing forming technology of hyperbolic hat-shaped structural parts, the preforming and curing processes are usually independent of each other. Each process requires separate vacuum bag making, which requires the vacuum bag to be removed after the preforming is completed, and then remade before the curing process. This multiple bag making process not only increases the consumption of auxiliary materials and labor hours, but more importantly, there is a risk of sealing quality in each bag making process. Once a poor seal occurs, it will affect the performance of the final product. In addition, the need to remove the bag and remake the bag in the middle significantly prolongs the manufacturing cycle. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an automated forming method and forming equipment for a composite hat-type structure, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art of long working hours, high quality risks and long manufacturing cycle caused by multiple production of vacuum bags in the preforming and curing processes.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an automated forming method for a composite hat-type structure, which is applied to a forming device for a composite hat-type structure, the forming device comprising: a tooling main mold body; a first air hole is arranged on the tooling main mold body; a first protrusion and a second protrusion are respectively arranged at both ends of the upper surface of the tooling main mold body; a supporting portion is arranged on the tooling main mold body and is equidistant from the first protrusion and the second protrusion. The method comprises: arranging a detachable support component on the first protrusion and the second protrusion of the forming device, and arranging an air guide layer on the air hole of the forming device; transferring the blank to the support component; arranging an inner isolation film unit and an air permeable unit on the blank in sequence; arranging a detachable sealing unit on the outer side of the first protrusion, the outer side of the second protrusion and the supporting portion of the forming device, arranging a vacuum film unit on the detachable sealing unit and sealing it to form a vacuum bag; evacuating the vacuum bag, and completing preforming and curing of the blank in sequence.

[0006] Specifically, the embryonic material is transferred to the supporting component by vacuum adsorption.

[0007] Furthermore, a positioning hole is provided on the blank, and a positioning block is provided on the molding device. After the blank is transferred to the supporting assembly, the positioning block is passed through the positioning hole for positioning.

[0008] In addition, the detachable supporting component includes a removable adhesive tape and a first film fixed to the top of the first protrusion and the second protrusion by the removable adhesive tape.

[0009] Specifically, the preforming and curing of the blank in sequence include: the preforming of the blank includes: Placing the molding device in a heating device; running a first preset program, and controlling the heating device to preheat and preform the blank through the first preset program; The curing of the preformed composite hat-shaped structure comprises: running a second preset program, and controlling the heating device to cure the preformed composite hat-shaped structure through the second preset program.

[0010] The present invention also provides a molding device for composite hat-type structural parts, including: a tooling main mold body; a first air vent is arranged on the tooling main mold body; a first protrusion and a second protrusion are respectively arranged at both ends of the tooling main mold body; a supporting part is arranged on the tooling main mold body, located between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, and equidistant from the first protrusion and the second protrusion; a vacuum chamber is arranged inside the tooling main mold body; a vacuum nozzle is arranged in the vacuum chamber; a second air vent is arranged on the supporting part, and the air vent is communicated with the vacuum chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a thermocouple arranged on the upper part of the tooling main mold body, and the thermocouple is 1-5 mm away from the upper surface of the tooling main mold body.

[0012] In addition, the distance between the first protrusion and the second protrusion is adjustable.

[0013] Furthermore, a cutting reference line is provided on the upper surface of the tooling main mold body.

[0014] The present invention also provides a hat-shaped long girder prepared by the method described above, wherein the hat-shaped long girder includes a top plate, a web plate and overlapping edges, wherein the two ends of the web plate are respectively connected to the two side edges of the top plate and the overlapping edges, wherein the overlapping edges are used to connect with the skin to form a stiffened wall panel.

[0015] The present invention arranges a detachable support assembly and an air guide layer on the protrusion of the forming device, and sequentially arranges an inner isolation film unit, a breathable unit and a vacuum film unit, thereby achieving the purpose of completing the two processes of preforming and curing using only one vacuum bag, significantly reducing the consumption of auxiliary materials and labor hours, reducing the risk of sealing quality, and shortening the manufacturing cycle.

[0016] The present invention provides a detachable support component on the protrusion of the forming equipment, and an air-conducting layer on the air hole, combined with an internal isolation film unit and an air-permeable unit, so that the gas exhaust channel runs through the entire process of vacuuming, preforming and curing. Then, a detachable sealing unit is provided on the outside of the first protrusion, the outside of the second protrusion and the supporting part, and a vacuum film unit is provided thereon and sealed to form a vacuum bag, so that after the preforming is completed, the vacuum bag can be directly entered into the curing process without removing it. In this way, the purpose of completing the two processes of preforming and curing with only one vacuum bag is achieved, which significantly reduces the consumption of auxiliary materials and labor hours, reduces the risk of sealing quality, and shortens the manufacturing cycle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a process flow of an automated molding method for a composite material hat-shaped structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a molding device in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a preforming curve in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a curing curve in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a molding device in one embodiment of the present invention is prepared; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the preparation of vacuum bag making in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Markings in the figure: 11. main mold of the tooling, 12. first protrusion, 13. second protrusion, 14. supporting part, 15. positioning block, 16. lifting ring, 17. cutting reference line, 21. vacuum chamber, 22. vacuum nozzle, 221. vacuum nozzle, 222. vacuum measuring nozzle, 23. air vent, 24. thermocouple, 25. thermocouple socket, 31. first film, 32. removable tape, 33. air-conducting material, 34. inner isolation film, 35. breathable material, 36. sealing strip, 37. vacuum bag, 4. blank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the following terms have the following meanings: Prepreg refers to fiber-reinforced materials that have been impregnated with a resin matrix, in which performance indicators such as resin content and fluidity are pre-controlled; The blank refers to the uncured laminate formed by laying out the prepreg according to the design requirements; Preforming refers to the process of initially forming the blank into the desired three-dimensional shape under certain temperature and pressure conditions; Curing refers to the process of causing the resin in the prepreg to undergo a chemical reaction by heating or other means, ultimately forming a composite material part with certain mechanical properties; Vacuum bag refers to a sealing system used to assist in the molding of composite parts, usually including vacuum film, sealing strips, etc. Breathable material refers to fabric or non-woven fabric with good air permeability, which is used to assist in the removal of air during the vacuum bag forming process; The positioning block refers to a raised structure used to determine the position of the blank; The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof are intended to encompass non-exclusive inclusion, such that a method, apparatus, or product comprising a list of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such a method, apparatus, or product. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the method, apparatus, or product comprising the element.

[0020] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention are used to distinguish different objects and do not represent specific quantities and orders.

[0021] The explanation of the above terms is only used to help understand the technical solution of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0023] In the related technology, Embodiment 1 See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a composite material cap-shaped structure automatic molding method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: a detachable support component is provided on the first protrusion and the second protrusion of the molding device, and an air guide layer is provided on the air vent of the molding device. Preferably, the detachable support component comprises a removable tape and a first film fixed to the top of the first protrusion and the second protrusion by the removable tape. The removable tape is an easy-to-peel tape, and its peel strength is preferably 2-5N / cm. The first film is a nylon film, and its thickness is preferably 50-100μm. The air guide layer is an air guide felt, and its thickness is preferably 2-3mm.

[0024] Step 2: Transfer the embryo to the support assembly. The embryo is transferred by vacuum adsorption. Preferably, a vacuum suction cup is used to absorb the embryo, and the negative pressure of the vacuum suction cup is preferably -60 kPa to -80 kPa.

[0025] Step 3: Positioning the blank. The blank is provided with a positioning hole, and the molding device is provided with a positioning block. After the blank is transferred to the support assembly, the positioning block is passed through the positioning hole for positioning. Preferably, the diameter of the positioning hole is 8-12 mm, and the height of the positioning block is preferably 15-20 mm.

[0026] Step 4: sequentially arrange an inner isolation film unit and a breathable unit on the blank. The inner isolation film unit is made of nylon film, preferably with a thickness of 25-50 μm. The breathable unit is made of breathable felt, preferably with a thickness of 2-3 mm.

[0027] Step 5: a detachable sealing unit is arranged on the outer side of the first protrusion, the outer side of the second protrusion and the supporting part of the molding device, and a vacuum film unit is arranged on the detachable sealing unit and sealed to form a vacuum bag. The detachable sealing unit is a sealing strip, and the vacuum film unit is a vacuum bag film, and its thickness is preferably 75-100 μm.

[0028] The outer side of the first protrusion and the second protrusion refers to an inclined surface inclined outward from the top of the protrusion, and the inclined surface forms an inclination angle of 30-60° with the horizontal plane. The detachable sealing unit is arranged on the inclined surface to ensure that the vacuum bag can smoothly transition during the preforming process and avoid wrinkles at the protrusion.

[0029] It should be noted that the surface of the supporting part of the molding device can be divided into two areas: the middle area is used to support the blank, and the two end areas are beyond the range of the blank. After step 4 is completed, a detachable sealing unit is first set on the supporting part area outside the two ends of the blank, and then a detachable sealing unit is set on the outside of the first protrusion and the second protrusion. In this way, when placing the vacuum film unit, it can be ensured that the vacuum film unit is tightly fitted with all the detachable sealing units to form a complete sealed cavity.

[0030] Preferably, a sealing area of ​​50-100 mm is reserved between the two ends of the blank and the end of the supporting part to ensure sufficient sealing area. At the same time, the width of the sealing strip selected for the detachable sealing unit is preferably 15-25 mm to provide sufficient sealing strength.

[0031] In addition, an auxiliary sealing strip may be provided at the edge of the blank of the support portion to further improve the sealing reliability. The width of the auxiliary sealing strip is preferably 8-12 mm.

[0032] Step 6: evacuate the vacuum bag, and complete preforming and curing of the blank in sequence.

[0033] Specifically, the molding device is placed in a heating device. First, the vacuum pipe is connected to the vacuum nozzle 221 of the vacuum chamber 21 to extract the air inside the tooling; at the same time, the vacuum pipe is connected to the vacuum measuring nozzle 222 to monitor the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber 21 in real time. The vacuum chamber 21 forms a through-exhaust channel with the blank through the air vent 23 to ensure that the gas in the vacuum bag can be evenly extracted. Preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum system is not higher than -60kPa.

[0034] The thermocouple 24 is connected to the temperature monitoring system. Since the thermocouple 24 is 1-5 mm away from the upper surface of the tooling main mold, the temperature of the blank attached to the tooling surface can be accurately monitored. The temperature measurement accuracy of the temperature monitoring system is preferably ±1°C.

[0035] Run the preset program, and control the heating equipment through the preset program to preheat and preform the blank. During preforming, first heat the blank to 45-50°C, at which time the removable tape 32 and the first film 31 automatically separate under the vacuum pressure, and the blank gradually adheres to the tooling surface under the atmospheric pressure. Maintain this temperature and vacuum for 10-15 minutes to allow the blank to fully adhere to the tooling surface.

[0036] After the preforming is completed, the curing stage is directly entered without damaging the vacuum bag seal. The temperature and insulation time of the blank during curing are set according to the prepreg process requirements, which are common means for those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail.

[0037] By adopting the above method, the present invention realizes the two processes of preforming and curing in one bag making, which greatly improves the production efficiency. At the same time, the vacuum adsorption transfer and positioning hole positioning methods ensure the integrity and position accuracy of the blank, and ensure the product quality. In addition, by setting a detachable support component, the blank is allowed to fall smoothly during the preforming process, avoiding the generation of defects such as wrinkles.

[0038] Embodiment 2 See also Figure 2The present embodiment provides a molding device for a composite hat-type structural member, the molding device comprising: a tooling main mold body 11, a first protrusion 12 and a second protrusion 13 respectively arranged at two ends of the tooling main mold body 11, and a supporting portion 14 arranged on the tooling main mold body 11 and equidistant from the first protrusion 12 and the second protrusion 13.

[0039] The first protrusion 12 and the second protrusion 13 extend upward along the two ends of the tooling main mold body 11 to form an inclined surface structure, and the inclined surface forms an angle of 30-60° with the horizontal plane, which is used to support the two sides of the blank and guide the blank to move downward during the preforming process. The supporting portion 14 is a surface adapted to the design shape of the long stringer, which is used to provide support and forming reference for the blank during the forming process.

[0040] The main mold body 11 of the tooling is evenly provided with air holes 23 that communicate with the vacuum chamber 21, which is used to achieve uniform transmission of vacuum pressure during the preforming and curing process. The vacuum chamber 21 is used to form a stable negative pressure environment during the molding process, and through cooperation with the air holes 23, it is ensured that the blank can be evenly stressed and fully fit the tooling surface. In some embodiments, the supporting part 14 is also provided with air holes 23 to further improve the vacuum uniformity.

[0041] The synergistic effect of these designs enables the blank to fall smoothly and gradually fit the surface of the tooling during the preforming process, avoiding the generation of defects such as wrinkles and bubbles.

[0042] The size of the tooling main mold 11 is larger than the size of the blank and has a margin, and its length and width can be adjusted according to the size of the blank material. In some embodiments, the shape of the tooling main mold 11 can be a cube, a cylinder or an ellipsoid. In this embodiment, the tooling main mold 11 is preferably a long cube to adapt to the hat-shaped long stringer structure blank.

[0043] 3-5 vacuum chambers 21 can be evenly arranged inside the tooling main mold body 11 along the length direction. The shape of the vacuum chamber 21 can be a cube, a cylinder or an ellipsoid, and the specific shape can be adaptively designed according to the structure of the tooling main mold body 11. The vacuum chamber 21 is provided with a vacuum nozzle 22. Specifically, a group of vacuum nozzles 22 are distributed on both sides of each vacuum chamber 21, and each group includes a vacuum nozzle 221 and a vacuum measuring nozzle 222. The vacuum nozzle 221 is used to connect to a negative pressure device to exhaust the air in the vacuum chamber 21, and the vacuum measuring nozzle 222 is used to connect to a monitoring device to measure the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber 21.

[0044] The inner edges of the first protrusion 12 and the second protrusion 13 are evenly provided with air holes 23, and the air holes 23 are communicated with the vacuum chamber 21. Preferably, the diameter of the air holes 23 is 1-2 mm, and 8-12 air holes are provided for each protrusion.

[0045] Furthermore, the molding device further includes a thermocouple 24, which is buried above the outside of the tooling main mold 11, 1-5 mm from the upper surface. Preferably, one thermocouple 24 is evenly arranged along the length direction of the tooling main mold 11 to monitor the temperature of the blank attached to the tooling surface. The thermocouple 24 is powered by a thermocouple socket 25 to achieve a temperature monitoring function.

[0046] In addition, the distance between the first protrusion 12 and the second protrusion 13 can adapt to blanks of different widths. Further, a cutting reference line 17 is provided on the upper surface of the tooling main mold 11. The cutting reference line 17 is designed according to the outline of the blank and is used as a cutting reference after the long stringer is solidified and formed.

[0047] The upper surface of the tooling main mold body 11 is provided with a lifting ring 16 for tooling transfer. Preferably, the number of the lifting rings 16 is 4-6.

[0048] The molding equipment of this embodiment achieves a stable and reliable vacuuming effect through the design of the internal vacuum chamber and the evenly distributed vacuum nozzles; the uniformity and controllability of the temperature field are ensured through the reasonable arrangement of the thermocouples; the applicable scope of the tooling is improved through the adjustable protrusion design; and the subsequent processing of the product is facilitated through the setting of the cutting reference line. The overall design not only ensures the molding quality, but also improves the practicality and versatility of the tooling.

[0049] Embodiment 3 This embodiment combines Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the working principle of the present invention is described in detail. It should be understood that the following equipment selection and process parameters are only preferred implementation methods and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] This embodiment uses an autoclave as the heating device, which has a temperature control accuracy of ±2°C and a pressure control accuracy of ±5kPa. Of course, those skilled in the art can also use other devices with vacuum and heating functions, such as an oven, a curing furnace, etc.

[0051] See also Figure 3The preforming curve shown in the figure shows that the temperature control curve of the preforming process includes: heating from room temperature to above 45°C at a heating rate of 1-5°C / min; the heat preservation time is not less than 5 minutes; the entire preforming process lasts for 20-60 minutes. The vacuum control curve shows: vacuum is gradually drawn during the heating process until the vacuum degree reaches no higher than -60kPa; the vacuum degree is maintained for no less than 10 minutes.

[0052] See also Figure 4 The curing curve shown in the figure shows that the temperature control curve of the curing process includes: heating from room temperature to 180°C at a heating rate of 0.5-3°C / min; keeping at 180°C for no less than 120 minutes; cooling to room temperature at a cooling rate of 0-3°C / min. The tank pressure control curve shows that the pressure is maintained at no less than 600kPa during the entire curing process.

[0053] In the preforming stage, the deformation process of the blank can be divided into three key stages: The first stage is preheating the prepreg. The prepreg is heated to above 45°C. At this temperature, the viscosity of the resin matrix in the prepreg is significantly reduced, and the interlayer sliding resistance is reduced. This process enables the prepreg to obtain sufficient deformability, creating conditions for subsequent molding. At this time, the prepreg is still supported by the first film 31 and maintains its initial planar state.

[0054] The second stage is to guide the deformation. When the air pressure in the vacuum bag 37 drops below -60kPa, the atmospheric pressure begins to push the embryo to deform downward. At this time, the removable tape 32 fixed on the top of the first protrusion 12 and the second protrusion 13 is subjected to a downward shear force and gradually detaches from the surface of the protrusion. Due to the inclined design of the protrusion, the embryo falls steadily along the surface of the tooling under the combined action of gravity and air pressure. In this process, the air holes 23 on the main mold 11 of the tooling form a continuous exhaust channel network with the vacuum chamber 21, ensuring that the gas can be evenly extracted from all positions of the embryo, avoiding local bubbling.

[0055] The third stage is stress release. Keep the temperature (45-50℃) and pressure (below -60kPa) for 10-15 minutes to make the blank fully fit the surface of the tooling. In this stage, the residual stress in the blank is fully released, and the fiber is gradually adjusted to the final position. The positioning holes 43 set at both ends of the blank cooperate with the positioning blocks 15 on the tooling to provide a stable reference point during the entire deformation process, ensuring that the fiber direction always remains within the design range, effectively preventing wrinkles and distortion.

[0056] During the curing stage, the preformed blank directly enters the curing process without damaging the vacuum bag seal. At this time, the thermocouple 24 embedded in the tooling monitors the temperature of the blank in real time, and the vacuum nozzle 222 monitors the vacuum degree to ensure that the entire curing process is carried out strictly in accordance with the process requirements. During the curing process, the vacuum chamber 21 continues to maintain a negative pressure state, and the distribution of the air holes 23 makes the blank uniformly pressurized, ensuring the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of the final product.

[0057] The present invention realizes the smooth transformation of the blank from a plane to a three-dimensional shape through the synergistic effect of temperature, pressure and tooling structure. The fiber direction is controllable during the whole process and the molding quality is stable.

[0058] Embodiment 4 This embodiment takes the manufacture of a certain type of passenger aircraft wing tip long stringer as an example to illustrate the specific application effect of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific parameters and material selections in this embodiment are only preferred implementations and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] The long stringer is located at the wing tip, and is characterized by: total length 2400mm, maximum arch height 320mm, torsion angle 15°. It uses carbon fiber / epoxy resin prepreg H3184, total ply thickness 3.6mm, and ply direction [45 / 0 / -45 / 90]3s. The manufacturing process is as follows: See also Figure 5 In step 1, first, a removable tape 32 is pasted on the top of the first protrusion 12 and the second protrusion 13. In this embodiment, a FEP film tape with a thickness of 0.075 mm is selected as the removable tape 32, the tape width is 25 mm, and the peel strength is 3.5 N / cm. The first film 31 is laid on the removable tape 32, and a PA66 nylon film with a thickness of 75 μm is selected. An air guide material 33 is placed above the air vent 23 on the inner side of the protrusion, and a polyester fiber air guide felt is selected, with a weight of 150 g / m² and a thickness of 2.5 mm.

[0060] In step 2, a vacuum suction cup array (12 suction cups in total) is used to transfer the blank 4, and the negative pressure of the vacuum suction cup is set to -70 kPa. The spacing of the tooling protrusions is set to 180 mm, which matches the unfolded width of the blank.

[0061] In step 3, the pre-designed positioning hole 43 on the blank 4 has a diameter of 10 mm, which precisely matches the positioning block 15 with a height of 18 mm on the tooling. The spacing between the positioning blocks 15 is set to 2350 mm to ensure the stability of the fiber direction of the blank 4 during the preforming process.

[0062] In step 4, see Figure 6The inner isolation film 34 is laid on the material blank 4, and a PET polyester film with a thickness of 38 μm is selected. The breathable material 35 is laid thereon, and a polyester fiber breathable felt is selected, with a weight of 200 g / m² and a thickness of 2.8 mm.

[0063] In step 5, see Figure 6 , a sealing strip 36 is pasted on the outer inclined surface (with an angle of 45° to the horizontal plane) of the first protrusion 12 and the second protrusion 13 and the exposed area of ​​the blank at both ends of the support part 14. The sealing strip 36 uses a butyl tape with a width of 20 mm. An auxiliary sealing strip with a width of 10 mm is added to the edge of the blank of the support part 14. A 75 mm sealing area is reserved between the two ends of the blank and the end of the support part 14. Finally, a silicone rubber film with a thickness of 0.8 mm is used as a vacuum bag 37 to cover and seal.

[0064] In step six, the molding equipment is placed in the autoclave. The vacuum pipeline and the thermocouple test line are connected respectively. The vacuum pipeline includes: connecting the Φ8mm vacuum tube to the vacuum nozzle 221 for exhaust, and connecting the Φ6mm vacuum tube to the vacuum nozzle 222 for monitoring. The thermocouple 24 is connected to the equipment temperature measurement system through a special compensation wire.

[0065] implement Figure 3 The preformed curves and Figure 4 The curing curve is shown in the figure. The temperature in the preforming stage is controlled at 47°C and kept at this temperature for 12 minutes; the curing stage is carried out according to the curing process requirements of the prepreg.

[0066] The present invention achieves the technical effect of completing the two processes of preforming and curing with only one vacuum bag by arranging a detachable support component and an air guide layer on the protrusion of the molding equipment, and sequentially arranging an inner isolation film unit, a breathable unit and a vacuum film unit. This solution significantly reduces the consumption of auxiliary materials and labor hours, reduces the risk of sealing quality, and shortens the manufacturing cycle.

[0067] The present invention adopts a tooling structure with a built-in vacuum chamber and a thermocouple, combined with an adjustable protrusion design and a precise positioning mechanism, which not only ensures the uniformity of the vacuum pressure and temperature field, but also improves the scope of application of the tooling. The blank is transferred by vacuum adsorption, and precise positioning is achieved by the cooperation of the positioning hole and the positioning block, thereby ensuring the molding quality. In particular, for hyperbolic cap-shaped structural parts with large arch height and torsion, the advantages of the present invention are more significant.

[0068] Embodiment 5 This embodiment provides a hat-shaped long stringer prepared by the method provided in the above embodiment. It should be understood that the following content is only a preferred implementation and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0069] The composite hat-shaped structural member prepared in this embodiment is a long stringer at the leading edge of a certain type of vertical tail of a passenger aircraft. The long stringer is a typical hyperbolic component, has a large arch height in the span direction, and has a certain torsion angle in the span direction. The long stringer is made of prepreg such as carbon fiber or epoxy resin, and the ply design is a quasi-isotropic ply.

[0070] After testing, all performance indicators of the long stringer meet the design requirements, including fiber volume fraction, porosity, interlaminar shear strength, bending modulus and compressive strength. The ultrasonic C-scan test results show that the product has no delamination, no large-area resin-rich and resin-poor areas. The three-coordinate measurement results show that the key dimensions of the product, such as contour, wall thickness and fiber angle, meet the engineering requirements.

[0071] The above test results show that the composite hat-shaped structural part prepared by the method of the present invention has excellent molding quality and mechanical properties, and fully meets the use requirements of aviation structural parts.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite material hat-shaped structure automated molding method, characterized in that: Applicable to a molding device for a composite hat-shaped structural member, the molding device comprising: Tooling main mold; The tooling main mold body is provided with a first vent hole; A first protrusion and a second protrusion are respectively arranged at two ends of the upper surface of the tooling main mold body; A supporting portion disposed on the tooling main mold body, located between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, and equidistant from the first protrusion and the second protrusion; The method comprises: A separable support assembly is provided on the first protrusion and the second protrusion, and an air guide layer is provided on the first air permeable hole; Transferring the blank to the support assembly; An inner isolation layer and a breathable layer are sequentially arranged on the blank; A detachable sealing component is arranged on the outer side of the first protrusion, the outer side of the second protrusion and above the supporting portion of the molding device, and a vacuum film is arranged on the detachable sealing component and sealed to form a vacuum bag; The vacuum bag is evacuated, and the blank is preformed to obtain a preformed composite material cap-shaped structural member; The vacuum bag is retained, and the preformed composite hat-shaped structure is cured to obtain a formed composite hat-shaped structure.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The blank is transferred to the support assembly by vacuum adsorption.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The blank is provided with a positioning hole, and the molding device is provided with a positioning block. After the blank is transferred to the supporting assembly, the positioning block is passed through the positioning hole for positioning.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preforming of the blank comprises: placing the molding device into a heating device; Running a first preset program, and controlling the heating device to preheat and preform the blank through the first preset program; The step of curing the preformed composite hat-shaped structural member comprises: A second preset program is run, and the heating device is controlled by the second preset program to cure the preformed composite hat-shaped structural component.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The detachable supporting assembly includes a peelable adhesive tape and a first film fixed to the top of the first protrusion and the second protrusion by the peelable adhesive tape.

6. A molding device for composite hat-shaped structural parts, characterized in that: include: Tooling main mold; The tooling main mold body is provided with a first vent hole; A first protrusion and a second protrusion are respectively arranged at two ends of the tooling main mold body; A supporting portion disposed on the tooling main mold body, located between the first protrusion and the second protrusion, and equidistant from the first protrusion and the second protrusion; A vacuum chamber is provided inside the tooling main mold body; The vacuum chamber is provided with a vacuum nozzle; The supporting portion is provided with a second air hole, and the second air hole is communicated with the vacuum chamber.

7. The molding device according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a thermocouple arranged on the upper part of the tooling main mold body, and the thermocouple is 1-5 mm away from the upper surface of the tooling main mold body.

8. The molding device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The distance between the first protrusion and the second protrusion is adjustable.

9. The molding device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A cutting reference line is arranged on the upper surface of the tooling main mold body.

10. A hat-shaped girder prepared by the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, the hat-shaped girder comprising a top plate, a web plate and overlapping edges, the two ends of the web plate being respectively connected to the two side edges of the top plate and the overlapping edges, wherein the overlapping edges are used to connect with the skin to form a stiffened wall panel.

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