Rural solid waste anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting integrated equipment

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and particularly relates to rural solid waste anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting integrated equipment which comprises a composting bin body, an anaerobic fermentation bin body and a aerobic composting bin body, the fermentation bin body is arranged at the top of the composting bin body, and a transferring part used for transferring materials is arranged between the feeding end of the composting bin body and the discharging end of the fermentation bin body; the discharging end of the pretreatment device communicates with the feeding end of the fermentation bin body, and the pretreatment device is used for smashing solid waste and inputting the solid waste into the fermentation bin body; the stirring and turning device is arranged in the fermentation bin body and is used for stirring, turning and flattening the materials; the air outlet end of the aeration device is arranged in the composting bin body, and the aeration device is used for providing oxygen required by aerobic composting; the tail gas treatment device is communicated with the gas outlet ends of the fermentation bin body and the composting bin body and is used for purifying tail gas. Through integrated design, efficient mixing and composting treatment of biogas residues and biogas slurry are achieved, and the composting efficiency and quality are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and in particular relates to integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste. Background Art

[0002] At present, the treatment of rural solid waste mostly adopts anaerobic fermentation technology, which can effectively reduce the volume of waste and produce biogas and organic fertilizer (biogas residue and biogas liquid). However, if the biogas residue and biogas liquid after anaerobic fermentation are directly discharged or improperly used, they are likely to cause secondary pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to further treat the biogas residue and biogas liquid, especially composting treatment, which has become an important way to solve the resource utilization of rural solid waste.

[0003] There are many kinds of composting equipment on the market, but there are few integrated equipment specifically for mixed composting of sludge and liquid biogas after anaerobic fermentation of rural solid waste. Therefore, we propose an integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated device for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste to solve the above problems.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] The integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste includes:

[0007] Compost bin;

[0008] A fermentation bin is arranged on the top of the compost bin, and a transfer part for transferring materials is provided between the feed end of the compost bin and the discharge end of the fermentation bin;

[0009] A pretreatment device, the discharge end of which is connected to the feed end of the fermentation bin, for crushing the solid waste and feeding it into the fermentation bin;

[0010] A stirring and compost turning device is arranged in the fermentation bin and is used for stirring, turning and leveling the materials;

[0011] An aeration device, the air outlet of which is arranged in the composting bin, and is used to provide oxygen required for aerobic composting;

[0012] The tail gas treatment device is connected to the gas outlet ends of the fermentation bin and the composting bin to purify the tail gas.

[0013] According to the above-mentioned integrated anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting equipment for rural solid waste, the pretreatment device includes a feed box, the feed end of the feed box is used to input solid waste, and a crushing device for crushing the solid waste is arranged in the feed box, and the discharge end of the crushing device is connected to the feed end of the conveying part, and the discharge end of the conveying part is connected to the fermentation bin.

[0014] According to the above-mentioned integrated anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting equipment for rural solid waste, the conveying part includes a conveyor belt, the feed end of the conveyor belt is connected to the discharge end of the crushing device, and the discharge end of the conveyor belt is connected to the feed end of the fermentation bin.

[0015] According to the above-mentioned integrated anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting equipment for rural solid waste, the transfer part includes a conveying door, the top of the composting bin body is connected to the bottom of the fermentation bin body, and the conveying door is arranged at the connection between the composting bin body and the fermentation bin body. The opening and closing of the conveying door is used to control the movement of materials in the fermentation bin body into the composting bin body.

[0016] According to the above-mentioned integrated anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting equipment for rural solid waste, the aeration device includes a plurality of aeration pipes arranged in the composting bin body, the air outlet ends of the aeration pipes are connected to the interior of the composting bin body, and the air inlet ends of the plurality of aeration pipes are connected to the air outlet ends of the same air supply part.

[0017] According to the above-mentioned integrated anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting equipment for rural solid waste, the air supply part includes an air pump, and the air outlet end of the air pump is connected to the air inlet ends of the plurality of aeration pipes.

[0018] According to the above-mentioned rural solid waste anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting integrated equipment, it also includes a control power supply system, the control power supply system includes a battery and a controller, the battery is electrically connected to a photovoltaic component for providing electrical energy, the battery is used to provide power consumption of the equipment, and the battery is electrically connected to the air pump, the conveying door, the stirring and turning device, the conveyor belt, the crushing device and the controller;

[0019] The controller is electrically connected with a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor and a pH sensor, and the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the oxygen sensor and the pH sensor are all arranged in the composting bin and the fermentation bin.

[0020] According to the above-mentioned integrated anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting equipment for rural solid waste, the mobile part includes a trailer, which is used for the installation of the composting bin, the fermentation bin, the control power supply system, the air pump, the feed box, the conveyor belt and the exhaust gas treatment device.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0022] During use, the solid waste generated is crushed by the treatment device and transported to the fermentation bin, and the material is stirred, turned and flattened by the stirring and turning device. Since no oxygen is introduced into the fermentation bin, anaerobic fermentation of the solid waste can be achieved in the fermentation bin, and biogas, biogas residue and biogas liquid are produced through anaerobic fermentation. The biogas can be passed into the storage equipment for storage after purification and deodorization by the tail gas treatment device. The remaining biogas residue and biogas liquid are transported to the composting bin through the transfer part for composting treatment. The aeration device arranged in the composting bin can provide the oxygen required for aerobic composting. Through the integrated design, efficient mixing and composting treatment of biogas residue and biogas liquid are achieved, and the composting efficiency and quality are significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor:

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0025] Among them, 1. trailer; 2. control power supply system; 3. air pump; 4. composting bin; 5. aeration pipe; 6. fermentation bin; 7. conveying door; 8. exhaust gas treatment device; 9. stirring and turning device; 10. conveyor belt; 11. feed box; 12. crushing device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 The present invention discloses an integrated device for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste, comprising:

[0029] Compost bin 4;

[0030] The fermentation bin 6 is arranged on the top of the compost bin 4, and a transfer part for transferring materials is provided between the feed end of the compost bin 4 and the discharge end of the fermentation bin 6;

[0031] A pretreatment device, the discharge end of which is connected to the feed end of the fermentation bin 6, is used to crush the solid waste and input it into the fermentation bin 6;

[0032] A stirring and compost turning device 9 is arranged in the fermentation bin 6 and is used for stirring, turning and leveling the material;

[0033] An aeration device, the air outlet of which is arranged in the composting bin 4, for providing oxygen required for aerobic composting;

[0034] The tail gas treatment device 8 is connected to the gas outlet ends of the fermentation bin body 6 and the composting bin body 4 to purify the tail gas.

[0035] During use, the solid waste generated is crushed by the treatment device and transported to the fermentation bin 6, and the material is stirred, turned and flattened by the stirring and turning device 9. Since no oxygen is introduced into the fermentation bin 6, anaerobic fermentation of the solid waste can be achieved in the fermentation bin 6, and biogas, biogas residue and biogas liquid are produced through anaerobic fermentation. The biogas can be passed into the storage equipment for storage after purification and deodorization by the tail gas treatment device 8, and the remaining biogas residue and biogas liquid are transported to the composting bin 4 through the transfer part for composting treatment. The aeration device arranged in the composting bin 4 can provide the oxygen required in the aerobic composting process. Through the integrated design, efficient mixing and composting treatment of biogas residue and biogas liquid are achieved, and the composting efficiency and quality are significantly improved.

[0036] Furthermore, the exhaust gas treatment device 8 includes two deodorization units, and the deodorization units are selected as deodorization equipment such as a biological deodorization tower, a chemical washing tower, etc. The two deodorization units are respectively connected to the composting bin 4 and the fermentation bin 6, and are used to purify the odor in the biogas generated in the fermentation bin 6 and the odor in the gas generated during the composting bin 4 to prevent pollution to the environment.

[0037] At the same time, the generated biogas can be input into storage equipment for storage.

[0038] As an optional embodiment, the pretreatment device includes a feed box 11, the feed end of the feed box 11 is used to input solid waste, and a crushing device 12 for crushing the solid waste is arranged in the feed box 11. The discharge end of the crushing device 12 is connected to the feed end of the conveying part, and the discharge end of the conveying part is connected to the fermentation bin 6.

[0039] Agricultural solid organic waste (such as straw, livestock and poultry manure, restaurant kitchen waste, sewage treatment plant sludge, etc.) is screened and pre-treated to remove impurities (such as stones, plastics, etc.) in the material. For materials with high lignocellulose content such as straw, the crushing device 12 is used to perform appropriate crushing treatment to increase the specific surface area of ​​the material and improve the contact area of ​​microorganisms.

[0040] As an optional embodiment, the conveying part includes a conveyor belt 10, the feed end of the conveyor belt 10 is connected to the discharge end of the crushing device 12, and the discharge end of the conveyor belt 10 is connected to the feed end of the fermentation bin 6.

[0041] The crushed material is conveyed to the fermentation bin 6 by the conveyor belt 10. In an anaerobic environment, microorganisms decompose organic matter to produce biogas, biogas slurry and biogas residue. The temperature in the fermentation bin 6 is controlled at a medium temperature (30-40°C). By heating or heat preservation measures, the temperature in the fermentation bin 6 is controlled within a suitable range to improve the activity and fermentation efficiency of anaerobic microorganisms. Adding stirring can promote the contact between the material and the microorganisms and improve the fermentation efficiency.

[0042] As an optional embodiment, the transfer part includes a conveying gate 7, the top of the composting bin 4 is connected to the bottom of the fermentation bin 6, and the conveying gate 7 is arranged at the connection between the composting bin 4 and the fermentation bin 6. The opening and closing of the conveying gate 7 is used to control the movement of materials in the fermentation bin 6 into the composting bin 4.

[0043] The composting bin 4 is connected to the fermentation bin 6. The material in the fermentation bin 6 can be dropped into the composting bin 4 by opening the conveying door 7. The biogas slurry and biogas residue produced by anaerobic fermentation contain rich nutrients and can be used as raw materials for aerobic composting.

[0044] Material preparation: In order to adjust the C / N ratio, moisture content and air permeability of the compost material, it needs to be mixed with other organic materials, such as straw, sawdust, etc. Generally speaking, the C / N ratio is controlled at 25-30:1, and the moisture content is controlled at 50-60%. Before opening the conveying door 7, the well-proportioned auxiliary materials are added to the feed port set in the fermentation bin 6, and the stirring and turning device 9 is started to fully mix the biogas residue, biogas liquid and auxiliary materials, and then the conveying door 7 is opened to put the materials into the compost bin 4.

[0045] As an optional embodiment, the aeration device includes a plurality of aeration tubes 5 arranged in the compost bin body 4, the air outlet ends of the aeration tubes 5 are connected to the inside of the compost bin body 4, and the air inlet ends of the plurality of aeration tubes 5 are connected to the air outlet ends of the same air supply part.

[0046] As an optional implementation, the air supply unit includes an air pump 3 , and an air outlet end of the air pump 3 is connected to an air inlet end of a plurality of aeration pipes 5 .

[0047] Since aerobic composting requires sufficient oxygen supply to meet the breathing needs of aerobic microorganisms, external air can be introduced into the composting bin 4 through the aeration pipe 5 and the air pump 3 arranged in the composting bin 4.

[0048] Temperature control: During the composting process, the temperature of the pile will gradually increase. When the temperature reaches 55-65℃, keep it for a period of time to kill pathogens and parasite eggs. If the temperature is too high, you can lower the temperature of the pile by turning the pile; if the temperature is too low, you can increase the ventilation volume or adjust the pile structure to improve the heat preservation performance of the pile.

[0049] Moisture adjustment: During the composting process, the moisture content will change. If the moisture content is too high, it can be reduced by ventilation, drying, etc.; if the moisture content is too low, water can be added appropriately.

[0050] Turning: In order to fully ferment the compost, the compost needs to be turned regularly. The frequency of turning the compost is generally once every 2-3 days. The specific frequency is determined by factors such as the nature of the compost, the temperature of the compost, and the ventilation conditions.

[0051] Maturity: After a period of composting and fermentation, the compost material will gradually mature. The maturity of the compost can be judged by observing the appearance, color, smell and other characteristics of the pile. Mature compost materials are usually dark brown, loose and odorless. It can also be judged by some indicators of the compost material, such as C / N ratio, pH value, moisture content, etc.

[0052] Post-treatment: After aerobic composting is completed, the humus obtained can be used as soil conditioner, organic fertilizer, etc. Screening: Screen the compost product to remove impurities and uncomposted materials. Storage: Store the compost product in a dry, ventilated place to avoid moisture and rain.

[0053] A door is provided on one side of the composting bin body 4, and the door can be used for discharging the composted materials, as well as for water replenishment and turning over during the composting process.

[0054] As an optional embodiment, it also includes a control power supply system 2, which includes a battery and a controller. The battery is electrically connected to a photovoltaic component for providing electrical energy, and the battery is used to provide power consumption by the device. The battery is electrically connected to the air pump 3, the conveying door 7, the stirring and turning device 9, the conveyor belt 10, the crushing device 12 and the controller;

[0055] The controller is electrically connected to a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor and a pH sensor, and the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the oxygen sensor and the pH sensor are all arranged in the composting bin body 4 and the fermentation bin body 6 .

[0056] As an optional embodiment, the mobile part includes a trailer 1, which is used for installing a composting bin 4, a fermentation bin 6, a control power supply system 2, an air pump 3, a feed box 11, a conveyor belt 10 and an exhaust gas treatment device 8.

[0057] Temperature sensors, humidity sensors, oxygen sensors and pH sensors are installed in the fermentation bin 6 and the composting bin 4. The temperature and humidity data are transmitted to the controller (preferably a PLC programmable controller) in real time, and the aeration volume, compost turning frequency and other parameters are automatically adjusted according to the monitoring data to ensure the optimization of the fermentation process.

[0058] The intelligent control system of anaerobic and aerobic coupled composting is mainly used to monitor and adjust various parameters in the composting process to ensure efficient composting and high-quality output.

[0059] (1) Parameter monitoring

[0060] Temperature monitoring: The temperature of different positions inside the composting bin 4 and the fermentation bin 6 is monitored in real time by temperature sensors. During the anaerobic fermentation stage, the temperature rises slowly, generally around 30°C-40°C. After entering the aerobic composting stage, the temperature will rise again, reaching 50°C-70°C or even higher.

[0061] Humidity monitoring: Use humidity sensors to monitor the moisture content of compost. During the aerobic composting stage, the optimal moisture content is 50%-60% to facilitate ventilation and oxygen diffusion.

[0062] Oxygen monitoring: During the aerobic composting stage, an oxygen sensor is used to monitor the oxygen concentration inside the compost. Generally speaking, aerobic composting needs to maintain a certain oxygen content, usually between 10%-18%.

[0063] pH monitoring: Regularly test the pH of the compost to understand changes in the pH of the compost. The appropriate pH range is usually 6-8.

[0064] (2) Anaerobic fermentation stage control logic

[0065] Sealing control: When the system detects that it has entered the anaerobic fermentation stage, it automatically controls the conveying door 7 to close, seals the fermentation chamber 6, and creates an anaerobic environment.

[0066] Temperature adjustment: If the temperature is too high during the anaerobic fermentation stage, it may be due to excessive microbial activity or poor sealing, which may lead to oxygen ingress. At this time, the system can adjust the temperature by adding insulation materials or checking the sealing. If the temperature is too low, it may be due to insufficient microbial activity. You can appropriately add some bacteria to promote anaerobic fermentation or adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the compost.

[0067] (3) Aerobic composting stage control logic

[0068] Ventilation control: When the system detects that it has entered the aerobic composting stage, it automatically opens the conveying door 7 to allow the material to fall into the compost bin 4 for aerobic composting, and at the same time starts the air pump 3 to control the oxygen supply of the compost. When the oxygen content is too low, increase the ventilation volume to promote air circulation; when the oxygen content is too high, appropriately reduce the ventilation volume to save energy and maintain a stable environment inside the compost.

[0069] Temperature regulation: When the temperature is too high during the aerobic composting stage, you can increase the ventilation to speed up air circulation and take away excess heat. When the temperature is too low, you can reduce the ventilation to maintain the heat accumulation inside the compost, or add some easily decomposable organic matter to increase the activity of microorganisms.

[0070] Humidity adjustment: According to the monitoring results of the humidity sensor, adjust the moisture content of the compost in a timely manner. If the compost is too wet, you can increase ventilation, add dry materials, etc. to reduce the moisture content; if the compost is too dry, you can spray water to increase the humidity.

[0071] Compost turning control: Perform compost turning operation regularly, generally every 2-3 days. The system can remind the compost to turn the compost according to the set time, so that the compost material is fully exposed to oxygen and the uniformity of aerobic fermentation is ensured. Or add a compost turning device in the compost bin 4, and the system automatically controls the compost turning device to turn the material.

[0072] Data recording and analysis: The system records the changes in temperature, humidity, oxygen content, pH value and other parameters during the composting process, and forms data curves and reports. By analyzing these data, the composting process can be optimized and the quality and efficiency of composting can be improved.

[0073] Alarm function: When the parameters in the composting process exceed the set range, the system will send out an alarm signal to remind the operator to take timely measures to adjust. For example, the temperature is too high or too low, the humidity is abnormal, the oxygen content is insufficient, etc. can trigger an alarm.

[0074] Automatic control: The intelligent control system can realize automatic control, automatically adjust ventilation, humidification, heating, compost turning and other equipment according to the preset parameter range, reduce manual intervention, and improve the stability and reliability of composting. At the same time, the system can also make adaptive adjustments according to different composting materials and environmental conditions to achieve the best composting effect.

[0075] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0076] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste, characterized in that: Includes: Compost bin (4); A fermentation bin (6) is arranged on the top of the compost bin (4), and a transfer part for transferring materials is provided between the feed end of the compost bin (4) and the discharge end of the fermentation bin (6); A pretreatment device, the discharge end of which is connected to the feed end of the fermentation bin (6), and is used to crush the solid waste and feed it into the fermentation bin (6); A stirring and compost turning device (9), arranged in the fermentation bin (6), for stirring, turning and leveling the material; an aeration device, the gas outlet of which is arranged in the composting bin (4) and is used to provide oxygen required for aerobic composting; The tail gas treatment device (8) is connected to the gas outlet ends of the fermentation bin (6) and the composting bin (4) and is used for purifying the tail gas.

2. The integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment device comprises a feed box (11), the feed end of the feed box (11) is used to input solid waste, a crushing device (12) for crushing the solid waste is arranged in the feed box (11), the discharge end of the crushing device (12) is connected to the feed end of the conveying part, and the discharge end of the conveying part is connected to the fermentation bin (6).

3. The integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conveying part comprises a conveyor belt (10), the feed end of the conveyor belt (10) is connected to the discharge end of the crushing device (12), and the discharge end of the conveyor belt (10) is connected to the feed end of the fermentation bin (6).

4. The integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transfer section comprises a conveying door (7), the top of the composting bin (4) is connected to the bottom of the fermentation bin (6), the conveying door (7) is arranged at the connection point between the composting bin (4) and the fermentation bin (6), and the opening and closing of the conveying door (7) is used to control the movement of materials in the fermentation bin (6) into the composting bin (4).

5. The integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The aeration device comprises a plurality of aeration pipes (5) arranged in the compost bin (4); the air outlet ends of the aeration pipes (5) are connected to the interior of the compost bin (4); and the air inlet ends of the plurality of aeration pipes (5) are connected to the air outlet ends of the same air supply unit.

6. The integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air supply unit comprises an air pump (3), and the air outlet end of the air pump (3) is connected to the air inlet ends of the plurality of aeration pipes (5).

7. The integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a control power supply system (2), the control power supply system (2) includes a battery and a controller, the battery is electrically connected to a photovoltaic component for providing electrical energy, the battery is used to provide power consumed by the equipment, and the battery is electrically connected to the air pump (3), the conveying door (7), the stirring and turning device (9), the conveyor belt (10), the crushing device (12) and the controller; The controller is electrically connected to a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an oxygen sensor and a pH sensor, and the temperature sensor, humidity sensor, oxygen sensor and pH sensor are all arranged in the composting bin (4) and the fermentation bin (6).

8. The integrated equipment for anaerobic fermentation and aerobic composting of rural solid waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mobile part comprises a trailer (1), and the trailer (1) is used for installing the composting bin (4), the fermentation bin (6), the control power supply system (2), the air pump (3), the feed box (11), the conveyor belt (10) and the exhaust gas treatment device (8).

Images