Liquid hydrogen thermal management system, thermal management system and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a liquid hydrogen heat management system, a heat management system and a vehicle, the liquid hydrogen heat management system comprises a liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path and a distributor, a vaporizer is arranged in the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path, and a cooling liquid outlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path is communicated with a cooling liquid inlet of a fuel cell system; the distributor is arranged at a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell system and suitable for connecting a cooling liquid inlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path, and heat in the fuel cell heat exchange flow path enters the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path through the distributor to heat the vaporizer. The liquid hydrogen thermal management system provided by the embodiment of the invention is compact in structure, capable of fully utilizing waste heat of a fuel cell system and reducing power consumption, high in adaptability, small in product development difficulty and capable of reducing development cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a liquid hydrogen thermal management system, a thermal management system and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the current market mainly use liquid hydrogen, which has a temperature of minus 250 degrees. As a fuel cell system operating fuel, a certain amount of heat is required for the vaporization and heating of liquid hydrogen. Because the fuel cell system consumes different amounts of hydrogen at different powers, the amount of heat required for the vaporization and heating of liquid hydrogen will also vary. A large amount of waste heat is generated during the operation of the fuel cell. In the prior art, the waste heat of the fuel cell can be utilized for the vaporization and heating of liquid hydrogen by setting up a liquid hydrogen thermal management system.

[0003] In the prior art, the liquid hydrogen thermal management system is a partial modification of the thermal management system of the fuel cell system, which realizes the use of waste heat from the fuel cell system to vaporize and heat up the liquid hydrogen. However, the arrangement of components is not very reasonable, which will increase the resistance of the coolant pipeline and the heat loss of the liquid hydrogen heating pipeline, thus increasing the waste heat power consumption of the thermal management system. In addition, the pipeline layout needs to be combined with the fuel cell system structure, so the product development is difficult, the adaptability is weak, and the development cost is increased. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the first purpose of the present invention is to provide a liquid hydrogen thermal management system with a compact structure, which can fully utilize the waste heat of the fuel cell system and reduce power consumption, and has high adaptability, low product development difficulty, and can reduce development costs.

[0005] A second objective of the present invention is to provide a thermal management system.

[0006] A third object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the liquid hydrogen thermal management system proposed in the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention includes: a liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path, a vaporizer is arranged in the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path, and the coolant outlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path is connected to the coolant inlet of the fuel cell system; a distributor, the distributor is arranged at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell system, and is suitable for connecting the coolant inlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path, and the heat in the fuel cell heat exchange flow path enters the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path through the distributor to heat the vaporizer.

[0008] According to the liquid hydrogen thermal management system proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, by using a distributor, the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path can be installed in parallel to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path connected to the fuel cell system, so that the heat generated by the fuel cell system when working can be fully utilized to achieve liquid hydrogen vaporization and temperature rise. In addition, a distributor is provided to integrate the cooling pipeline connecting the liquid hydrogen thermal management system with the fuel cell system, so that the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path can be adapted to fuel cell systems of different structures. Therefore, the product development difficulty is small, the adaptability is high, and the development cost can be reduced to a certain extent.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path includes: a heater, the coolant inlet of the heater is connected to the coolant outlet of the vaporizer and the coolant outlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path; a water pump, the coolant inlet of the water pump is connected to the coolant outlet of the heater; a stop valve, the first end of the stop valve is connected to the coolant outlet of the water pump, and the second end of the stop valve is connected to the distributor and the coolant inlet of the vaporizer.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen thermal management system further includes: a controller, which is respectively connected to the distributor, the heater, the water pump and the shut-off valve, and is used to control the distributor and the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path according to the heat demand of the vaporizer and the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, when the controller controls the distributor and the liquid hydrogen heat exchange path according to the heat demand of the vaporizer and the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system, the controller is specifically configured to: determine that the heat demand of the vaporizer is less than or equal to the heat dissipation, control the distributor to open and control the shut-off valve to close, and control the heater and the water pump not to work; or determine that the heat demand of the vaporizer is greater than the heat dissipation, control the distributor to open, control the shut-off valve to open, and control the heater and the water pump to start working to heat the vaporizer.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen thermal management system also includes: a first sensor, which is arranged at the coolant inlet of the vaporizer and is used to obtain a first coolant temperature; a second sensor, which is arranged at the coolant outlet of the vaporizer and is used to obtain a second coolant temperature; the controller is connected to the first sensor and the second sensor, and is used to control the distributor and / or the heater according to the first coolant temperature, the second coolant temperature, the heat demand of the vaporizer and the heat dissipation.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen thermal management system also includes: a third sensor, which is arranged at the fuel outlet of the vaporizer and is used to detect the gas hydrogen temperature and / or pressure detection signal; the controller is connected to the third sensor and is used to control the distributor and / or the heater according to the gas hydrogen temperature and / or pressure detection signal, the vaporizer heat demand and the heat dissipation.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, the controller is also used to obtain a target output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system, and obtain a target fuel consumption according to the target output power, and obtain a heat demand of the vaporizer according to the target fuel consumption.

[0015] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the second aspect embodiment of the present invention further proposes a thermal management system, including: a fuel cell thermal management system, the fuel cell thermal management system having a fuel cell heat exchange flow path, the fuel cell heat exchange flow path is used to connect the fuel cell system and the fuel cell heat exchanger; a liquid hydrogen thermal management system as described in any one of the first aspect embodiments above, the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system is connected to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path.

[0016] The thermal management system proposed in the embodiment of the present invention connects the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path, thereby fully utilizing the coolant heat of the fuel cell system, effectively reducing the energy consumption of liquid hydrogen vaporization and heating, and at the same time being able to control the temperature of the liquid hydrogen after vaporization and heating. The liquid hydrogen thermal management system has a simple structure and strong adaptability, and can adjust component parameters according to different fuel cell systems to achieve effective adaptation of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system. The thermal management system has a compact structure and low power consumption, and can reduce the development cost and cycle of the entire product.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, the fuel cell thermal management system further includes: a cooling fan, and the cooling fan is arranged on the fuel cell heat exchanger side.

[0018] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, a third aspect of the present invention further proposes a vehicle, comprising: a vehicle body; and a thermal management system as described in any one of the above items, wherein the thermal management system is arranged on the vehicle body.

[0019] According to the vehicle proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, by setting the thermal management system of any one of the above embodiments on the vehicle body, the thermal management system has a compact structure and can be adapted to vehicles using different fuel cell systems, which is convenient for layout and can save space in the entire vehicle. The overall power consumption of the thermal management system is low, which can reduce the development cost and cycle of the vehicle.

[0020] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a block diagram of a liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 is a flow chart of a control method of a liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 A block diagram of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals: Vehicles 1000; Thermal management system 100, vehicle body 200; Liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10, fuel cell thermal management system 20; Liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1, distributor 2, first sensor 3, second sensor 4, third sensor 5; Carburetor 11, heater 12, water pump 13, stop valve 14; Fuel cell system 201 , fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 , fuel cell heat exchanger 203 , cooling fan 204 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. The embodiments described with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary. Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.

[0024] In the prior art, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the current market mainly use gaseous hydrogen with pressures of 35MPa and 70MPa respectively, but the energy density per unit volume of gaseous hydrogen is low and the vehicle's cruising range is short. The use of liquid hydrogen will greatly increase the energy density per unit volume. However, with the application of liquid hydrogen, the thermal management system of the fuel cell is a key technical difficulty in the application of liquid hydrogen products in vehicles. Therefore, improving the working efficiency of the thermal management system of the fuel cell has great prospects for improving the application scope of the product. Liquid hydrogen is vaporized and heated from minus 250 degrees to reach the applicable temperature of the fuel cell system, which requires a certain amount of heat. How to effectively utilize the waste heat of the fuel cell system itself, reduce unnecessary additional power consumption, and meet the requirements of different use environments is a challenge for product application development. In this regard, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a liquid hydrogen thermal management system, which has the characteristics of compact structure, can make full use of the waste heat of the fuel cell system, reduce power consumption, and has high adaptability. Therefore, in the hardware design process of the system, no additional changes are required to the matching fuel cell system.

[0025] Reference below Figure 1-Figure 3 A liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0026] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 1 , which is a block diagram of a liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 includes a liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 and a distributor 2 .

[0027] Specifically, a vaporizer 11 is provided in the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 , and a coolant outlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 is communicated with a coolant inlet of the fuel cell system 201 .

[0028] It can be understood that the temperature of liquid hydrogen is minus 250 degrees. As the operating fuel of the fuel cell system 201, a certain amount of heat is required for the vaporization and heating of liquid hydrogen to convert it into gaseous hydrogen. Because the hydrogen consumption is different under different powers, the heat required for the vaporization and heating of liquid hydrogen will also change. The vaporizer 11 is a device for vaporizing liquid hydrogen into gaseous hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 is used to circulate the coolant, and the vaporizer 11 is connected in parallel with the cooling pipeline of the fuel cell system 201. The high-temperature coolant flows in from the coolant inlet of the vaporizer 11, and performs heat exchange with the liquid hydrogen in the vaporizer 11 to exchange heat with the liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen absorbs the heat of the coolant to form gaseous hydrogen, and the low-temperature cooling water flows out from the coolant outlet of the vaporizer 11 and flows into the coolant inlet of the fuel cell system 201, which can be used to cool the fuel cell system 201.

[0029] It can be understood that the fuel cell system 201 and the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 are both part of the fuel cell thermal management system, wherein: Figure 1The fuel cell thermal management system is not shown. Liquid hydrogen, as the hydrogen supply source for the fuel cell system 201, needs to be vaporized and heated before entering the fuel cell system 201 to meet the use of the fuel cell system 201. The fuel cell system 201 generates a large amount of heat when working, which belongs to waste heat. Coolant circulates in the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 to cool the fuel cell system 201. The embodiment of the present invention is suitable for connecting the coolant inlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 by arranging the distributor 2 at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell system 201. The heat in the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 enters the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 through the distributor 2 to heat the vaporizer 11.

[0030] Specifically, the distributor 2 includes three ports, the first port and then the second port of the distributor 2 are located in the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202, and the third port of the distributor 2 is connected to the coolant inlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 to connect the coolant inlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202. In addition, the first port of the distributor 2 can be connected to the coolant outlet of the fuel cell system 201, and the heat generated by the fuel cell system 201 can directly enter the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 with the coolant. The coolant temperature output from the coolant outlet of the fuel cell system 201 is relatively high, and the high-temperature coolant flows into the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 through the first port and the third port of the distributor 2 to heat the vaporizer 11, and the distributor 2 can also be used to distribute the amount of coolant entering the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1, so as to realize the use of the waste heat of the fuel cell system 201 for the vaporization and heating of liquid hydrogen.

[0031] Based on the above, the embodiment of the present invention connects the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 and the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 in parallel, and connects them in parallel to the inlet and outlet pipelines of the main cooling circuit of the fuel cell system 201. Therefore, in the actual structural design, the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 can be conveniently integrated into the liquid hydrogen bottle system to maximize the use of the waste heat generated when the fuel cell system 201 is working, thereby reducing the additional energy consumption when vaporizing and heating the liquid hydrogen, and at the same time adapting to different liquid hydrogen thermal management systems 10.

[0032] According to the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, by using a distributor 2, the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 can be installed in parallel to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 connected to the fuel cell system 201, so that the heat generated by the fuel cell system 201 when working can be fully utilized to achieve liquid hydrogen vaporization and temperature rise. In addition, the distributor 2 is set to realize the integration of the cooling pipeline connecting the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 and the fuel cell system 201, so that the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 can be adapted to the fuel cell system 10 of different structures, so the product development difficulty is small, the adaptability is high, and the development cost can be reduced to a certain extent.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, Figure 2 , which is a schematic diagram of a liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 includes a heater 12, a water pump 13 and a stop valve 14, wherein the coolant inlet of the heater 12 is connected to the coolant outlet of the vaporizer 11 and the coolant outlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1. The coolant inlet of the water pump 13 is connected to the coolant outlet of the heater 12. The first end of the stop valve 14 is connected to the coolant outlet of the water pump 13, and the second end of the stop valve 14 is connected to the distributor 2 and the coolant inlet of the vaporizer 11.

[0034] That is, the vaporizer 11 is connected in parallel with the water pump 13, the heater 12, and the stop valve 14, and the heater 12, the water pump 13, and the stop valve 14 are connected in series, and the water pump 13 draws coolant from the coolant outlet of the vaporizer 11. When the stop valve 14 is opened and the heater 12 and the water pump 13 are turned on, the coolant in the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 can be heated, thereby heating the vaporizer 11.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 further includes a controller, which is respectively connected to the distributor 2, the heater 12, the water pump 13 and the stop valve 14, and is used to control the distributor 2 and the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 according to the heat demand of the vaporizer and the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system 201. The controller may be a separate controller or a vehicle controller in the vehicle, which is intended to realize the analysis and calculation of various signals, as well as the control of the distributor 2, the heater 12, the water pump 13 and the stop valve 14, which are not specifically limited here.

[0036] The following figures all show controllers.

[0037] In some embodiments, when the controller controls the distributor 2 and the liquid hydrogen heat exchange path 1 according to the heat demand of the vaporizer and the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system 201, the controller is specifically configured to determine that the heat demand of the vaporizer is less than or equal to the heat dissipation, control the distributor 2 to open and the shut-off valve 14 to close, and control the heater 12 and the water pump 13 to not work.

[0038] It is understandable that liquid hydrogen is used as the operating fuel of the fuel cell system 201. When burning, liquid hydrogen is first vaporized into gaseous hydrogen. Therefore, a certain amount of heat is required for the vaporization and heating of liquid hydrogen. Since the hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell system 201 at different powers is different, the heat required for the vaporization and heating of liquid hydrogen will also vary. Therefore, in some embodiments, the controller may first obtain the target output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system 201, and obtain the target fuel consumption according to the target output power, and obtain the vaporizer heat demand according to the target fuel consumption. Specifically, when the fuel cell system 201 is started, the fuel cell system 201 will send the output power value through the CAN bus, and then the real-time consumption of hydrogen can be known by conversion, and then converted into the heat required for the vaporization and heating of liquid hydrogen, that is, the vaporizer heat demand.

[0039] The heat dissipation of the fuel cell system 201 can be obtained based on the real-time temperature and flow rate of the coolant at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell system 201 when the fuel cell system 201 is working. When coolant flows out of the fuel cell system 201, it can be judged whether the heat required for the vaporizer 11 to heat the liquid hydrogen, that is, the vaporizer heat demand, is met based on the real-time temperature and flow rate of the coolant at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell system 201. When it is determined that the vaporizer heat demand is less than or equal to the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system 201, the controller can control the shut-off valve 14 to close, and control the heater 12 and the water pump 13 not to work, and control the distributor 2 to open, and can also control the flow distribution by controlling the distributor 2 to provide the required liquid hydrogen vaporization heat, and make full use of the waste heat generated when the fuel cell system 201 is working to heat the vaporizer 11, thereby vaporizing the liquid hydrogen and raising the temperature.

[0040] Alternatively, in other embodiments, it is determined that the heat demand of the vaporizer is greater than the heat dissipation, the distributor 2 is controlled to open, the stop valve 14 is controlled to open, and the heater 12 and the water pump 13 are controlled to start working to heat the vaporizer.

[0041] It is understandable that when the main circuit of the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 connected to the fuel cell system 201 has no coolant flowing out, it means that the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system 201 is zero, that is, it cannot provide heat. Then the controller can open the stop valve 14 and control the heater 12 and the water pump 13, and the heater 12 can heat the coolant in the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 alone, that is, realize the self-heating of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10, so as to meet the hydrogen supply requirements. In this case, the distributor 2 is in the open state.

[0042] Alternatively, when coolant flows out of the fuel cell system 201, but the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system 201 is less than the heat demand of the vaporizer, that is, the waste heat generated by the fuel cell system 201 alone cannot meet the hydrogen supply requirement, and additional heat needs to be provided for liquid hydrogen vaporization. At this time, the controller can control the distributor 2 to open, and while fully utilizing the waste heat generated by the fuel cell system 201, it also controls the shut-off valve 14 to open, and controls the heater 12 and the water pump 13 to start working, to supplement the insufficient heat, thereby meeting the hydrogen supply requirement.

[0043] Based on the above, according to the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, it is installed in parallel in the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 connected to the fuel cell system 201, so that the overall system structure is compact, and the waste heat generated when the fuel cell system 201 is working can be fully utilized to realize the vaporization and heating of liquid hydrogen, reduce power consumption, and achieve effective control. For different fuel cell systems 201, the layout of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 can also be adaptively adjusted to meet different usage requirements. Therefore, the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 is adapted to fuel cell systems 10 with different structures. Therefore, the product development difficulty is small and the adaptability is high, which can reduce the development cost to a certain extent.

[0044] In addition, the controller can also control the state of the distributor 2 according to different operating conditions of the vehicle to achieve the effect of controlling the flow of the coolant.

[0045] In some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 further includes a first sensor 3 and a second sensor 4 .

[0046] Among them, the first sensor 3 is arranged at the coolant inlet of the vaporizer 11, and is used to obtain the first coolant temperature; the second sensor 4 is arranged at the coolant outlet of the vaporizer 11, and is used to obtain the second coolant temperature; the controller is connected to the first sensor 3 and the second sensor 4, and is used to control the distributor 2 and / or the heater 12 according to the first coolant temperature, the second coolant temperature, the vaporizer heat demand and the heat dissipation. Specifically, the temperature difference before and after the coolant passes through the vaporizer 11 can be obtained according to the first coolant temperature and the second coolant temperature, thereby obtaining the heat dissipated per unit time by the coolant when passing through the vaporizer 11. Without considering the heat loss, this heat is the actual heat used for vaporizing and heating the liquid hydrogen. By comparing this heat with the vaporizer heat demand, the vaporization and heating effect of the liquid hydrogen can be obtained. For example, when the actual heat is less than the heat demand of the vaporizer, it means that the liquid hydrogen is not heated to the corresponding temperature after being vaporized into gaseous hydrogen, and the actual heat cannot meet the final hydrogen supply requirement. At this time, the controller needs to further obtain the heat that should be supplemented according to the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system 201, the actual heat, and the heat demand of the vaporizer. For example, the heat that needs to be supplemented can be completely provided by the waste heat of the fuel cell system 201, and the distributor 2 can be controlled to increase the flow rate of the coolant entering the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 from the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202, so that more waste heat enters the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 with the coolant to meet the heat demand of the vaporizer 11. For another example, the heat that needs to be supplemented can be provided by the waste heat of the fuel cell system 201 and the heater 12. The distributor 2 can be controlled to increase the flow rate of the coolant entering the liquid hydrogen heat exchange path 1 from the fuel cell heat exchange path 202, and / or control the heater 12 to start working. The heating power of the heater 12 can also be adjusted to increase the heat output effect of the heater 12, so that more heat is delivered to the vaporizer 11 to meet the heat demand of the vaporizer 121, and finally the temperature of the hydrogen supply is controlled.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 further includes a third sensor 5, which is disposed at the fuel outlet of the vaporizer 11 and is used to detect the gas hydrogen temperature and / or pressure detection signal, thereby monitoring the hydrogen state after the vaporizer. Furthermore, the controller is connected to the third sensor 5 and is used to control the distributor 2 and / or the heater 12 according to the gas hydrogen temperature and / or pressure detection signal, the vaporizer heat demand and the heat dissipation.

[0048] For example, the temperature of liquid hydrogen is minus 250 degrees Celsius. As a fuel cell system operating fuel, it is generally necessary to vaporize the liquid hydrogen into gaseous hydrogen and heat it to minus thirty degrees Celsius. In order to ensure the combustion efficiency of gaseous hydrogen in the fuel cell thermal management system 201 and maintain the temperature stability of gaseous hydrogen, a third sensor 5 is provided at the fuel outlet of the vaporizer 11 to monitor the gaseous hydrogen temperature and / or pressure in real time. For example, when it is detected that the gaseous hydrogen temperature is lower than minus thirty degrees Celsius, and / or the gaseous hydrogen pressure is unstable, it is considered that more heat needs to be added to the vaporizer 11 to maintain the gaseous hydrogen pressure stability. For example, the heat that needs to be added can be completely provided by the waste heat of the fuel cell system 201, and the distributor 2 can be controlled to adjust the flow rate of the coolant entering the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 from the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 to increase, so that more waste heat enters the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 with the coolant to meet the heat demand of the vaporizer 11. For another example, the heat that needs to be supplemented can be provided by the waste heat of the fuel cell system 201 and the heater 12. The distributor 2 can be controlled to increase the flow rate of the coolant entering the liquid hydrogen heat exchange path 1 from the fuel cell heat exchange path 202, and / or control the heater 12 to start working. The heating power of the heater 12 can also be adjusted to increase the heat output effect of the heater 12, so that more heat is delivered to the vaporizer 11 to meet the heat demand of the vaporizer 11, and finally achieve the control of the hydrogen supply temperature and the maintenance of the output pressure of the gaseous hydrogen.

[0049] As described above, according to the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, by setting the first sensor 3, the second sensor 4 and the third sensor 5, it can be realized that when the temperature of the gas hydrogen after vaporization and heating by the vaporizer 11 deviates from the set value, the temperature of the gas hydrogen can be adjusted by adjusting the distributor 2 and / or the heater 12 to ensure the temperature stability of the gas hydrogen after vaporization. Among them, the amount of coolant distributed by the distributor 2 to the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 can be adjusted according to the vaporization and heating flow requirements and the hydrogen temperature. By adjusting the working state of the heater 12, such as turning it on or off or adjusting the heating power of the heater 12, the temperature of the circulating coolant in the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 can be adjusted, thereby ensuring the stability of the temperature of the hydrogen supplied to the fuel cell system 201 and extending the service life of the fuel cell system 201.

[0050] In some embodiments, Figure 3 To understand the control method of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 As shown, it is a flow chart of a control method of a liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the control method of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system may include steps S1-S7, which are specifically as follows.

[0051] S1, start the fuel cell system.

[0052] S2, obtaining the target output power of the fuel cell system.

[0053] S3, obtaining a target fuel consumption according to the target output power, and obtaining a vaporizer heat demand according to the target fuel consumption.

[0054] S4, judging whether the heat demand of the vaporizer is greater than the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system. If the judgment result is yes, executing step S5; if the judgment result is no, executing step S6.

[0055] S5, opens the stop valve and controls the heater and water pump to start working, and controls the distributor to open.

[0056] S6, controlling the coolant distribution flow rate according to the gas and hydrogen temperature.

[0057] S7, outputs hydrogen with stable temperature.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, a thermal management system is also proposed, such as Figure 4 , which is a block diagram of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the thermal management system 100 includes a fuel cell thermal management system 20 and a liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 according to any of the above embodiments.

[0059] The fuel cell thermal management system 20 has a fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202, which is used to connect the fuel cell system 201 and the fuel cell heat exchanger 203. In some other embodiments, the fuel cell thermal management system 20 also includes a cooling fan 204, which is arranged on the fuel cell heat exchanger 203 side.

[0060] Specifically, it can be combined Figure 2 To understand the composition of the fuel cell thermal management system 20 of the embodiment of the present invention, it can be understood that after the liquid hydrogen fuel cell system 20 is installed on the vehicle, due to the characteristics of the system itself, a large amount of heat, i.e., waste heat, will be generated while generating electrical energy. The corresponding heat in the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 is taken out of the fuel cell system 201 through the circulation of the coolant, and the cooling fan 204 is controlled by the fuel cell heat exchanger 203 and the cooling fan 204 in combination with the temperature of the coolant entering and leaving the fuel cell system 201, so as to achieve cooling of the coolant and meet the use of the fuel cell system 201.

[0061] Furthermore, the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 is connected to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202. The embodiment of the present invention is suitable for connecting the coolant inlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 by arranging the distributor 2 at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell system 201, and the heat in the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202 enters the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 through the distributor 2 to heat the vaporizer 11.

[0062] The thermal management system 100 proposed in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention connects the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path 1 of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path 202, thereby making full use of the coolant heat of the fuel cell system 201, effectively reducing the energy consumption of liquid hydrogen vaporization and heating, and at the same time being able to control the temperature of the liquid hydrogen after vaporization and heating. The liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10 has a simple structure and strong adaptability, and can adjust component parameters according to different fuel cell systems 201 to achieve effective adaptation of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system 10. The thermal management system 100 has a compact system structure and low power consumption, and can reduce the development cost and cycle of the entire product.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, a vehicle is also provided, such as Figure 5 , which is a block diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the vehicle 1000 includes a vehicle body 200 and a thermal management system 100 according to any one of the above embodiments, and the thermal management system 100 is disposed on the vehicle body 200 .

[0064] According to the vehicle 1000 proposed in the embodiment of the present invention, by setting the thermal management system 100 of any of the above embodiments on the vehicle body 200, the thermal management system 100 has a compact structure and can be adapted to vehicles using different fuel cell systems, which is convenient for layout and can save space in the entire vehicle. In addition, the overall power consumption of the thermal management system 100 is low, which can reduce the development cost and cycle of the vehicle 1000.

[0065] Other structures and operations of the vehicle 1000 and the thermal management system 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

[0066] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0067] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A liquid hydrogen thermal management system, characterized in that: include: A liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path, wherein a vaporizer is provided in the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path, and a coolant outlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path is connected to a coolant inlet of a fuel cell system; A distributor, which is arranged at the coolant outlet of the fuel cell system and is suitable for connecting the coolant inlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path, and the heat in the fuel cell heat exchange flow path enters the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path through the distributor to heat the vaporizer.

2. The liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path comprises: A heater, wherein a coolant inlet of the heater is connected to a coolant outlet of the vaporizer and a coolant outlet of the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path; a water pump, wherein a coolant inlet of the water pump is connected to a coolant outlet of the heater; A stop valve, wherein a first end of the stop valve is connected to a coolant outlet of the water pump, and a second end of the stop valve is connected to coolant inlets of the distributor and the vaporizer.

3. The liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to claim 2, characterized in that: Also includes: A controller is connected to the distributor, the heater, the water pump and the stop valve respectively, and is used to control the distributor and the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path according to the heat demand of the vaporizer and the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system.

4. The liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the controller controls the distributor and the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path according to the heat demand of the vaporizer and the heat dissipation of the fuel cell system, the controller is specifically configured as follows: Determining that the heat demand of the vaporizer is less than or equal to the heat dissipation, controlling the distributor to open and the stop valve to close, and controlling the heater and the water pump to not work; Alternatively, it is determined that the heat demand of the vaporizer is greater than the heat dissipation, the distributor is controlled to be opened, the stop valve is controlled to be opened, and the heater and the water pump are controlled to start working to heat the vaporizer.

5. The liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: a first sensor, the first sensor being disposed at a coolant inlet of the carburetor and being used to obtain a first coolant temperature; a second sensor, the second sensor being disposed at a coolant outlet of the carburetor and being used to obtain a second coolant temperature; The controller is connected to the first sensor and the second sensor, and is used to control the distributor and / or the heater according to the first coolant temperature, the second coolant temperature, the evaporator heat demand and the heat dissipation.

6. The liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: Also includes: A third sensor, the third sensor is arranged at the fuel outlet of the vaporizer, and is used to detect a gas hydrogen temperature and / or a pressure detection signal; The controller is connected to the third sensor and is used to control the distributor and / or the heater according to the gas-hydrogen temperature and / or pressure detection signal, the vaporizer heat demand and the heat dissipation.

7. The liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The controller is also used to obtain a target output power of the hydrogen fuel cell system, obtain a target fuel consumption according to the target output power, and obtain a heat demand of the vaporizer according to the target fuel consumption.

8. A thermal management system, characterized in that: include: A fuel cell thermal management system, the fuel cell thermal management system having a fuel cell heat exchange flow path, the fuel cell heat exchange flow path is used to connect the fuel cell system and the fuel cell heat exchanger; The liquid hydrogen thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the liquid hydrogen heat exchange flow path of the liquid hydrogen thermal management system is connected to the fuel cell heat exchange flow path.

9. The thermal management system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fuel cell thermal management system further comprises: A cooling fan is disposed on a side of the fuel cell heat exchanger.

10. A vehicle, characterized in that: include: Vehicle body; The thermal management system according to any one of claims 8 or 9, wherein the thermal management system is arranged on the vehicle body.

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