Green prevention and treatment method for diseases and insect pests of brassicaceous vegetables

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, and particularly discloses a cruciferous vegetable disease and insect pest green control method, which comprises the following steps: S1, land selection: selecting a land parcel with high terrain, smooth drainage, thick soil layer and fertile property, avoiding continuous cropping, and implementing crop rotation with non-cruciferous crops; s2, seed selection; s2, sowing the seeds; s3, agricultural prevention and treatment; s4, preventing diseases; s5, pest control: (1) light trapping and killing, (2) color plate trapping and killing, (3) sweet and sour liquid trapping and killing, and (4) natural enemy trapping and killing. According to the green disease and pest control method for cruciferous vegetables, agricultural, physical and biological control means are preferentially adopted, the use amount of chemical pesticides is reduced, pollution of pesticides to soil, water and air is reduced, ecological balance is protected, different control methods in different stages are matched with one another, and the green disease and pest control method is green, environmentally friendly and high in sustainability; and the quality of the cruciferous vegetables can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, and in particular to a green prevention and control method for diseases and insect pests of cruciferous vegetables. Background Art

[0002] Cruciferous vegetables are a very important and common type of vegetables. There are many varieties of cruciferous vegetables, common ones include cabbage, kale, radish, cauliflower, broccoli, mustard, etc. They are rich in nutrients, rich in vitamin C, vitamin K, dietary fiber, minerals, etc., and are very beneficial to human health.

[0003] However, cruciferous vegetables are susceptible to a variety of diseases and pests. In terms of diseases, downy mildew, soft rot, black rot, black spot, and clubroot occur frequently. Insect pests include common pests such as diamondback moth, cabbage looper, aphids, yellow flea beetle, and Spodoptera litura. Therefore, the prevention and control of diseases and pests is the key to increasing the yield of cruciferous vegetables and ensuring the quality of cruciferous vegetables. Many existing prevention and control methods are single. In order to further prevent and control diseases and pests of cruciferous vegetables, we proposed a green prevention and control method and preparation method of diseases and pests of cruciferous vegetables. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a green control method for diseases and insect pests of cruciferous vegetables to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a green control method for pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Site selection: Select plots with high terrain, good drainage, thick and fertile soil, avoid continuous cropping, and implement crop rotation with non-cruciferous crops;

[0007] S2. Seed selection: According to the actual situation of local pests and diseases, select varieties with strong resistance to pests and diseases. For areas where downy mildew often occurs, select cabbage varieties resistant to downy mildew. For areas with a high incidence of clubroot, select cabbage varieties resistant to clubroot. Put the seeds of the selected varieties into 50-55℃ warm water, soak for 15-20 minutes, stirring constantly, then remove and put into cold water to cool and dry;

[0008] S3. Sowing: Before sowing, place the seeds in the sun for 1-2 days, 3-4 hours a day.

[0009] When the local temperature is stable above 5℃ and the soil thaws, use the row sowing method, dig 2-3 cm shallow furrows with a row spacing of 15-20 cm, evenly spread the seeds and cover with soil to suppress them;

[0010] S4. Agricultural prevention and control: Determine the plant density according to the characteristics of the variety and soil fertility, ensure good ventilation and light transmission between plants, apply sufficient fully decomposed organic fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, enhance the disease resistance of plants, promptly remove the remains of diseased plants, take them out of the field and bury or burn them to reduce the residual pathogens, and immediately remove the plants infected with soft rot and black rot, and disinfect the diseased holes with quicklime;

[0011] S5. Disease prevention: Treat the soil with microbial agents before sowing to inhibit the growth of pathogens. In the early stage of the disease, spray with Trichoderma harzianum wettable powder to prevent downy mildew and black spot, and use Bacillus polymyxa to irrigate the roots to prevent soft rot.

[0012] S6. Pest control: (1) Light trapping: Install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps or black light lamps in the field and turn on the lights from sunset to sunrise every day to trap and kill adult insects such as diamondback moth and Spodoptera litura;

[0013] (2) Color trapping: Using the color-attracting properties of insects, yellow sticky insect traps are hung in the field to trap and kill aphids and adult yellow flea beetles, and blue sticky insect traps are hung to trap and kill thrips;

[0014] (3) Sweet and sour liquid: Mix sugar, vinegar, wine and water in proportion to make a sweet and sour liquid, add a small amount of pesticide, put it into a container with a large opening, and use it to lure and kill adult Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella.

[0015] (4) Killing natural enemies or artificially releasing the natural enemy trichogrammatids. Release trichogrammatids during the egg stage of Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, and Spodoptera litura.

[0016] Preferably, the non-cruciferous crops in S1 are onions, garlic, beans, and gramineous crops.

[0017] Preferably, the microbial agent in S5 is Trichoderma or Bacillus.

[0018] Preferably, the distance between the insecticidal lamp or black light lamp in S6 is 30-50 meters, and it is 20-40 centimeters above the top of the crop.

[0019] Preferably, 20-30 S6 medium color plates are hung per acre, and the hanging height is 15-30 cm higher than the top of the plant.

[0020] Preferably, in S6, 5-6 containers of the sweet and sour liquid are placed per acre and replaced every 5-7 days.

[0021] Preferably, the ratio of sugar, vinegar, wine and water in S6 is 3:4:1:2

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] The present invention is different from the traditional method of using a large amount of chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases. The method gives priority to agricultural, physical and biological control methods, reduces the use of chemical pesticides, reduces the pollution of pesticides to soil, water and air, protects the ecological balance, and uses physical methods such as color plate trapping, light trapping and sweet and vinegar liquid trapping, as well as biological methods using natural enemies, which can effectively control the number of pests and reduce the use of chemical agents, thereby effectively improving the control effect of pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables.

[0024] The present invention incorporates disease and pest prevention measures into every step of site selection, seed selection, sowing, and cruciferous vegetable growth, so that the system is more perfect, different prevention and control methods cooperate with each other, it is green and environmentally friendly, highly sustainable, and more conducive to improving the quality of cruciferous vegetables. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a green method for controlling pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "up", "down", "horizontal", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0028] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0029] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a green control method for pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0030] S1. Site selection: Select plots with high terrain, good drainage, thick and fertile soil, avoid continuous cropping, and implement crop rotation with non-cruciferous onions, garlic, beans, and gramineous crops;

[0031] S2. Seed selection: According to the actual situation of local pests and diseases, select varieties with strong resistance to pests and diseases. For areas where downy mildew often occurs, select cabbage varieties resistant to downy mildew. For areas with a high incidence of clubroot, select cabbage varieties resistant to clubroot. Put the seeds of the selected varieties into 50-55℃ warm water, soak for 15-20 minutes, stirring constantly, then remove and put into cold water to cool and dry;

[0032] S3. Sowing: Before sowing, place the seeds in the sun for 1-2 days, 3-4 hours a day.

[0033] When the local temperature is stable above 5℃ and the soil thaws, use the row sowing method, dig 2-3 cm shallow furrows with a row spacing of 15-20 cm, evenly spread the seeds and cover with soil to suppress them;

[0034] S4. Agricultural prevention and control: Determine the plant density according to the characteristics of the variety and soil fertility, ensure good ventilation and light transmission between plants, apply sufficient fully decomposed organic fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, enhance the disease resistance of plants, promptly remove the remains of diseased plants, take them out of the field and bury or burn them to reduce the residual pathogens, and immediately remove the plants infected with soft rot and black rot, and disinfect the diseased holes with quicklime;

[0035] S5. Disease prevention: Before sowing, use Trichoderma and Bacillus as microbial agents to treat the soil to inhibit the growth of pathogens. In the early stage of the disease, spray Trichoderma harzianum wettable powder to prevent downy mildew and black spot, and use Bacillus polymyxa to irrigate the roots to prevent soft rot.

[0036] S6. Pest control: (1) Light trapping: Install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps or black light lamps in the field, with the lamps 30-50 meters away and 20-40 cm above the top of the crops. Turn on the lights from sunset to sunrise every day to trap and kill adult insects such as diamondback moth and Spodoptera litura;

[0037] (2) Colored boards are used to lure and kill insects. Yellow sticky boards are used to lure and kill aphids and adult yellow flea beetles, and blue sticky boards are used to lure and kill thrips. 20 to 30 color boards are hung per mu, and the hanging height is 15 to 30 cm above the top of the plants.

[0038] (3) Sweet and sour liquid: Mix sugar, vinegar, wine and water in the ratio of 3:4:1:2 to make a sweet and sour liquid. Add a small amount of insecticide and put it into a container with a large opening to lure and kill the adult Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella. Place 5-6 containers per acre and replace them every 5-7 days.

[0039] (4) Killing natural enemies or artificially releasing the natural enemy trichogrammatids. Release trichogrammatids during the egg stage of Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, and Spodoptera litura.

[0040] In summary, the green pest control method for cruciferous vegetables of the present invention incorporates pest control measures in every step from site selection, seed selection, sowing, and cruciferous vegetable growth, which is ecological and environmentally friendly, reduces chemical pollution, maintains biodiversity, ensures the quality and safety of agricultural products, reduces pesticide residues, and improves quality; it has strong sustainability, maintains soil health, reduces pest resistance, and increases economic benefits.

[0041] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A green method for controlling pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Site selection: Select plots with high terrain, good drainage, thick and fertile soil, avoid continuous cropping, and implement crop rotation with non-cruciferous crops; S2. Seed selection: According to the actual situation of local pests and diseases, select varieties with strong resistance to pests and diseases. For areas where downy mildew often occurs, select cabbage varieties resistant to downy mildew. For areas with a high incidence of clubroot, select cabbage varieties resistant to clubroot. Put the seeds of the selected varieties into 50-55℃ warm water, soak for 15-20 minutes, stirring constantly, then remove and put into cold water to cool and dry; S3. Sowing: Before sowing, place the seeds in the sun for 1-2 days, 3-4 hours a day. When the local temperature is stable above 5℃ and the soil thaws, use the row sowing method, dig 2-3 cm shallow furrows with a row spacing of 15-20 cm, evenly spread the seeds and cover with soil to suppress them; S4. Agricultural prevention and control: Determine the plant density according to the characteristics of the variety and soil fertility, ensure good ventilation and light transmission between plants, apply sufficient fully decomposed organic fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, enhance the disease resistance of plants, promptly remove the remains of diseased plants, take them out of the field and bury or burn them to reduce the residual pathogens, and immediately remove the plants infected with soft rot and black rot, and disinfect the diseased holes with quicklime; S5. Disease prevention: Treat the soil with microbial agents before sowing to inhibit the growth of pathogens. In the early stage of the disease, spray with Trichoderma harzianum wettable powder to prevent downy mildew and black spot, and use Bacillus polymyxa to irrigate the roots to prevent soft rot. S6. Pest control: (1) Light trapping: Install frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps or black light lamps in the field and turn on the lights from sunset to sunrise every day to trap and kill adult insects such as diamondback moth and Spodoptera litura; (2) Color trapping: Using the color-attracting properties of insects, yellow sticky insect traps are hung in the field to trap and kill aphids and adult yellow flea beetles, and blue sticky insect traps are hung to trap and kill thrips; (3) Sweet and sour liquid: Mix sugar, vinegar, wine and water in proportion to make a sweet and sour liquid, add a small amount of pesticide, put it into a container with a large opening, and use it to lure and kill adult Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella. (4) Killing natural enemies or artificially releasing the natural enemy trichogrammatids. Release trichogrammatids during the egg stage of Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, and Spodoptera litura.

2. The green control method for pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The non-cruciferous crops in S1 are onions, garlic, beans, and gramineous crops.

3. The green control method for pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial agent in S5 is Trichoderma or Bacillus.

4. The green control method for pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the insecticidal lamp or black light lamp in S6 is 30-50 meters, and it is 20-40 centimeters above the top of the crop.

5. The green control method for pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S6 medium color plates are hung 20-30 pieces per acre, and the hanging height is 15-30 cm higher than the top of the plant.

6. The green control method for pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S6, 5-6 containers of the sweet and sour liquid are placed per acre and replaced every 5-7 days.

7. The green control method for pests and diseases of cruciferous vegetables according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of sugar, vinegar, wine and water in S6 is 3:4:1:2.

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