Beam body forming method, bogie machining method, bogie and die

Abstract

The invention aims to provide the forming method of the beam body, the machining method of the bogie, the bogie and the mold, and lightweight design of the bogie can be achieved easily. The forming method of the beam body comprises the following steps that a first blank plate and a second blank plate which are made of titanium alloy are provided; the first blank plate and the second blank plate are stacked and placed on a mold to be heated; the mold is used for pressurizing the edge parts of the first blank plate and the second blank plate so that the edge parts are connected in a diffusion manner; high-pressure inert gas is introduced between the first blank plate and the second blank plate, so that the first blank plate and the second blank plate deform and are attached to the corresponding inner surface of a cavity of the mold, and bulging forming is carried out; and forming the beam body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of processing and forming, and in particular to a forming method of a beam body, a processing method of a bogie, a bogie and a mold. Background Art

[0002] The bogie is a very important component on rail vehicles with complex working conditions. It is not only the installation platform for the entire train power assembly, but also plays the role of bearing and transmitting loads, which has a direct impact on the static and dynamic performance of the entire vehicle.

[0003] The bogie frame includes a side beam extending in the longitudinal direction and a cross beam connected between the two side beams. The frame composition is an important load-bearing component of the bogie. The structural forms mainly include cast steel, cast steel + steel plate welding, and forging + steel plate welding. The bogies of the above structural forms are still heavy in weight, which is not conducive to the lightweight design of rail vehicles. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a beam forming method, a bogie processing method, a bogie and a mold, which are conducive to realizing a lightweight design of the bogie.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a beam forming method, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Providing a first blank plate and a second blank plate both made of titanium alloy;

[0007] The first blank plate and the second blank plate are stacked and placed on a mold for heating; the mold presses the edges of the first blank plate and the second blank plate to make the edges diffusely connected;

[0008] Passing high-pressure inert gas between the first blank plate and the second blank plate to deform the first blank plate and the second blank plate and make them fit with the inner surface corresponding to the cavity of the mold to perform bulging forming;

[0009] The beam body is formed.

[0010] Optionally, an isolation layer is applied to a portion other than the surface of the edge portion of the surface of one side of the first blank plate and the second blank plate that is opposite to each other.

[0011] Optionally, the edges of the first blank plate and the second blank plate are welded, and then the welded first blank plate and the second blank plate are placed on the mold for heating.

[0012] Optionally, an air intake pipe is welded between the first blank plate and the second blank plate, at least a portion of the air intake pipe is located between an edge portion of the first blank plate and an edge portion of the second blank plate, the air intake pipe connects the outside with the first blank plate and the second blank plate, and the high-pressure inert gas is introduced through the air intake pipe.

[0013] Optionally, after the expansion forming, redundant portions of the edge portions of the first blank plate and the second blank plate are cut off to form the beam body.

[0014] Optionally, after the expansion forming, the first blank plate and the second blank plate are cooled, and then the redundant portions of the edge portions of the first blank plate and the second blank plate are cut off.

[0015] Optionally, the beam body includes a side beam of a bogie, the mold includes a first upper mold and a first lower mold, the stacked first blank plate and the second blank plate are placed on the first lower mold for heating, the first blank plate is closer to the first upper mold, and before the high-pressure inert gas is introduced, the following steps are further performed:

[0016] The first upper die moves toward the first lower die until the first upper die presses against the edge of the first blank plate. During the movement, the first upper die presses against the first blank plate to bend both the first blank plate and the second blank plate.

[0017] The present application also provides a bogie processing method, wherein the bogie comprises a crossbeam and a side beam, wherein one lateral end of the crossbeam is connected to one of the side beams, and the other lateral end of the crossbeam is connected to another of the side beams; the crossbeam is processed by the bogie beam processing method described in any one of the above-mentioned items, and the crossbeam is processed by the bogie beam processing method described in any one of the first to sixth items.

[0018] Optionally, the side beam and the cross beam are fixed by welding.

[0019] Optionally, the edges of the expanded cross beam and the side beam are trimmed to form convex edges, and the convex edges of the side beam and the cross beam are overlap-welded.

[0020] Optionally, both the cross beam and the side beam are provided with an air intake pipe for introducing the high-pressure inert gas, and the air intake pipe of the side beam is butt-connected with the air intake pipe of the cross beam.

[0021] The present application also provides a bogie, which includes a crossbeam and a side beam, wherein one lateral end of the crossbeam is connected to one of the side beams, and the other lateral end of the crossbeam is connected to another of the side beams; the side beams and the crossbeam are both made of titanium alloy, and both of the side beams and the crossbeam are expansion forming structures.

[0022] The present application also provides a mold for processing the beam body of a bogie, the mold comprising an upper mold and a lower mold, the upper mold and the lower mold cooperate to form a cavity, the cavity corresponds to the cavity shape of the beam body; at least one of the upper mold and the lower mold is provided with an exhaust channel, the sheet material for processing the beam body comprises a first blank plate and a second blank plate, the exhaust channel is used to discharge the high-pressure inert gas filled between the first blank plate and the second blank plate.

[0023] Optionally, the beam body is a side beam, and the mold further includes a pressure ring, and the pressure ring is used to press the first blank plate and the second blank plate against the lower mold.

[0024] The forming method of the beam body of the bogie provided in the present application is to pressurize and diffuse the edges of the first blank plate and the second blank plate, and then introduce high-pressure inert gas to cooperate with the mold to expand and form the required beam body. The processed beam body is an integrated structure with good integrity, and the titanium alloy material has good mechanical properties and machinability, and the required forming force is small. It has the advantages of high forming accuracy and good mechanical properties of the formed part during expansion forming, and the overall deformation after diffusion connection is small. The mechanical properties of the connection joint position are close to the strength of the titanium alloy parent material body, and the processing cost is low and the production efficiency is high. The titanium alloy material itself is a lightweight material, which can effectively reduce the weight of the bogie. After the beam body processed in this way is assembled into the frame of the bogie, the processing method of the bogie and the bogie have the same technical effects.

[0025] The mold provided in the present application is used to process the beam body of the above-mentioned bogie, and can press the first plate blank and the second plate blank to achieve diffusion connection of the edge parts for subsequent bulging. The mold is also provided with an exhaust channel for discharging the high-pressure inert gas used for bulging. The beam body of the bogie processed in this way has good integrity. The beam body made of titanium alloy is lighter and has the advantages of high forming precision and good mechanical properties of the formed parts during bulging. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a side beam of a bogie in an embodiment of the present application, and is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section along the side beam;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a crossbeam of a bogie in one embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the section along AA direction;

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the cross section along the BB direction is shown in the figure. Figure 2 The convex edge of the beam after forming is not shown;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a first state in a process of forming a side beam by a first mold in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a second state in a process of forming a side beam by a first mold in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a third state during the process of forming a side beam by a first mold in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 8 This is an enlarged structural diagram of an end portion of a side beam in another embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig. 9 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of the middle C area;

[0035] Fig.10 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first blank plate and a second blank plate used for forming a crossbeam in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a first state at a first viewing angle during the process of forming a crossbeam by a second mold in one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a first state at a second viewing angle during the process of forming a crossbeam by a second mold in one embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a first state at a first viewing angle during the process of forming a crossbeam by a second mold in one embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a first state at a second viewing angle during the process of forming a crossbeam by a second mold in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals:

[0041] 101-first mold;

[0042] 1011-upper die; 1011a-first upper exhaust channel; 1012-lower die; 1012a-first lower exhaust channel; 1012b-first concave cavity; 1013-binder ring; 101a-first cavity;

[0043] 102- second mold;

[0044] 1021-upper mold; 1021a-second upper exhaust channel; 1022-lower mold; 1022a-second lower exhaust channel; 102a-second cavity;

[0045] 20- beam body; 021- side beam; 0211- top plate; 0212- bottom plate; 0213- flange; 2014- side plate; 022- cross beam; 0221- first main beam; 0222- second main beam; 0223- first auxiliary beam; 0224- second auxiliary beam;

[0046] 201 - first blank plate; 2011 - first edge portion; 2011a - first groove; 202 - second blank plate; 2021 - second edge portion; 2021a - second groove; 203 - air intake pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present application, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish the same or similar features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0048] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a side beam 021 of a bogie in an embodiment of the present application, and is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section along the side beam 021; Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a crossbeam 022 of a bogie in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the section along AA direction; Figure 4 for Figure 2 The schematic diagram of the cross section along the BB direction is shown in the figure. Figure 2 The convex edge of the beam 022 after being processed and formed is not shown.

[0049] The bogie of the rail vehicle includes a beam body 20, which can be a side beam 021 of the bogie or a cross beam 022 of the bogie. The bogie specifically includes two side beams 021 extending in the longitudinal direction, the longitudinal direction is also the longitudinal direction of the rail vehicle, and the transverse direction is a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The cross beam 022 extends in the transverse direction, and one end of the cross beam 022 in the transverse direction is connected to one side beam 021, and the other end in the transverse direction is connected to another side beam 021, that is, the bogie is roughly an H-shaped bogie. The embodiment of the present application provides a forming method of the beam body 20 of the bogie, which includes forming side beams 021 and forming cross beams 022 respectively. Since the structures of the side beams 021 and the cross beams 022 are different, the structures of the molds for forming the two are also different, which are respectively defined as a first mold 101 and a second mold 102. The molds include an upper mold and a lower mold. The upper mold can be connected to a hydraulic press, and the hydraulic press drives the upper mold to move down and the lower mold to close. The forming methods of the side beams 021 and the cross beams 022 are described in turn below.

[0050] like Figures 5 to 7 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a first state in a process of forming a side beam 021 by a first mold 101 in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a second state in a process of forming a side beam 021 by a first mold 101 in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a third state during the process of forming the side beam 021 by the first mold 101 in an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] This embodiment provides a forming method of a beam body 20 of a bogie, wherein the beam body 20 is specifically a side beam 021, and the forming method comprises the following steps:

[0052] First, a first blank plate 201 and a second blank plate 202 are provided, both of which are made of titanium alloy;

[0053] like Figure 1 As shown, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are both flat plate structures. The first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are used as blanks for the side beam 021, and their sizes can be determined according to the size of the side beam 021 to be formed. Specifically, in this embodiment, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 need to be formed by superplastic deformation in the subsequent process, so the thickness of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 will become thinner after superplastic deformation, and the area will increase but the volume will remain unchanged. Therefore, the size design of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 requires that they can meet the size requirements of the side beam 021 after superplastic deformation. Titanium alloy material is suitable for bulging, and reliable diffusion connection can be achieved during the crimping process.

[0054] After the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are arranged, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are stacked, as shown in FIG. Figure 5 As shown, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are stacked together along their thickness directions to form a double-layer plate structure, and then placed on the first mold 101 for heating. The first mold 101 and the following second mold 102 can be equipped with high-temperature furnaces for heating. In this embodiment, the first blank plate 201 is used to process the top plate 0211 of the side beam 021 (shown in Figure 1 ), and the second blank plate 202 is used to process the bottom plate 0212 and the side plate 0214 of the side beam 021. When placed on the first mold 101, the first blank plate 201 is located above the second blank plate 202. The first mold 101 specifically includes an upper mold and a lower mold, defined as the first upper mold 1011 and the first lower mold 1012, Figure 5 In

[0055] Since Figures 5 to 7 the first mold 101 in Figure 1 is applicable to forming the side beam 021, and the side beam 021 is generally an inverted U-shaped, as shown in Figures 5 to 7 i.e., the middle part of the side beam 021 is recessed downward. Then, after the first lower mold 1012 and the first upper mold 1011 of the first mold 101 in

[0056] As shown in Figure 6 cooperate, a first cavity 101a matching the shape of the side beam 021 will be formed. Specifically, the first lower mold 1012 has a first concave cavity 1012b, and the first upper mold 1011 has a middle protrusion 10111. The two cooperate to form a first cavity 101a matching the inverted U-shaped shape of the side beam 021.

[0057] Figure 6In the process, the first upper mold 1011 moves toward the direction close to the first lower mold 1012 until the first upper mold 1011 presses the first edge portion 2011 of the first blank plate 201. During the movement, the first upper mold 1011 presses the first blank plate 201, so that the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are both bent. Specifically, the middle protrusion 10111 of the first upper mold 1011 presses the middle of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202, so that the middle of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are both convex downward and bent. In this way, after the mold is closed, the middle of the first blank plate 201 and the surface of the middle protrusion 10111 of the first upper mold 1011 are in contact, that is, a part of the forming is completed during the mold closing process of the first upper mold 1011 and the first lower mold 1012.

[0058] The first lower mold 1012 and the first upper mold 1011 press the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202, specifically, the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021. Figure 6 In the process, the pressure ring 1013 is first pressed onto the outer parts of the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021 to play a positioning role, so that the first upper mold 1011 can be smoothly pressed down and closed with the first lower mold 1012. After closing the mold, the first upper mold 1011 can be continuously pressurized.

[0059] The heated first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021 can be diffusely connected under the action of pressure. The blank holder 1013 and the first upper mold 1011 are pressed down together to realize the diffusion connection of the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021. In this way, the edges of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are connected together, and the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are relatively closed. Of course, the pressure of either the blank holder 1013 or the first upper mold 1011 can also realize the diffusion connection. Heating can be performed after the blank holder 1013 is pressed, or it can be performed before pressing, as long as the diffusion connection during pressurization can be achieved.

[0060] Afterwards, a high-pressure inert gas is introduced between the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202. The high-pressure inert gas is, for example, high-pressure argon gas. Before the high-pressure inert gas is introduced, the pressurization of the first upper mold 1011 can be continued for a certain period of time to ensure the effect of diffusion connection. Under the pressure of the high-pressure inert gas, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 can be expanded and deformed until the first blank plate 201, the second blank plate 202 and the inner surface of the first mold 101 corresponding to the first cavity 101a of the first mold 101 fit together to complete the expansion forming, that is, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 expand and produce superplastic deformation. When the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 fit together with the inner surface corresponding to the first cavity 101a of the first mold 101, the desired shape of the side beam 021 is formed. At this time, it can be a blank for forming the side beam 021, that is, a basic shape of the side beam 021 is formed, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0061] After the blank is formed, it can be processed to form the side beam 021. The processing here includes, for example, surface treatment and cutting of the excess part of the blank. The excess part is mainly the pressing edge part, that is, the first edge part 2011 and the second edge part 2021 will reserve a relatively long length to facilitate the crimping of the pressing ring 1013 and the first upper mold 1011. The first edge part 2011 and the second edge part 2021 are pressed and diffusely connected to form a protruding part of the blank that surrounds the side beam 021. The length of this part is also relatively long, and a part of it can be cut to form a circle of convex edge 0213 of the side beam 021. For example, the excess pressing edge part can be cut off by a laser cutting machine to obtain Figure 1 The side beam 021 is shown. In specific operation, after the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are cooled, the redundant parts of the edge of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 can be cut off, so that the cutting position is more accurate.

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, theoretically, when cutting the redundant edge portion, the entire edge portion can be cut off, that is, the convex edge 0213 is no longer retained, so that the outer side wall of the side beam 021 remains flush, but considering that the diffusion connection between the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021 is conducive to ensuring the structural strength of the formed side beam 021, a part of the edge portion can be cut off, and a part of the edge portion can be retained, that is, a circle of convex edge 0213 of the side beam 021 is retained. This circle of convex edge 0213 can be used as a mounting seat for other components. For example, the bogie will be installed with a second spring, a brake assembly, a motor and other component structures, and the convex edge 0213 is convenient for processing a connection hole to connect the components to be installed on the bogie.

[0063] Of course, the convex edge 0213 can also be processed in other ways, such as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This is an enlarged structural diagram of the end portion of the side beam 021 in another embodiment of the present application.

[0064] Figure 8 For Figure 1 Further processing based on this is to bend the convex edge 0213 to Figure 1 For viewing angle, the convex edge 0213 can be turned downward and pressed onto the side plate 0214 of the side beam 021, and specifically, the convex edge 0213 can be pressed downward. Figure 1 As shown, the flange 0213 in this embodiment is flush with the upper surface of the end of the top plate 0211 of the side beam 021. Figure 8 After being in the position shown, if the length of the flange 0213 and the upper and lower heights of the end of the side beam 021 are approximately equal, the flange 0213 after flipping and the side panel 0214 of the side beam 021 will fit completely together, and the flange 0213 can serve as the outer side wall of the side beam 021, thereby maintaining the flatness of the outer side wall of the side beam 021 and increasing the strength of the end.

[0065] During processing, in the surface of one side opposite to the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202, an isolation layer may be coated on the portion other than the edge surface, and before the high-pressure inert gas is introduced, the first mold 101 pressurizes the first edge portion 2011 of the first blank plate 201 not coated with the isolation layer and the second edge portion 2021 of the second blank plate 202. The isolation layer can prevent the portion other than the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021 from being connected, ensuring expansion under the action of the high-pressure inert gas later.

[0066] In some specific embodiments, before placing the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 in the first mold 101 for heating, the edges of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 can be welded, that is, the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021 are welded, and the welding method is, for example, spot welding, and the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021 are preliminarily connected and positioned, and then the welded first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are placed on the first mold 101 for heating. As mentioned above, in this embodiment, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 need to be crimped and bulged, and the preliminarily connected and positioned by welding can prevent the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 from being misaligned in the subsequent process.

[0067] Please continue to refer to Figure 5 , and combined with Fig. 9 understand, Fig. 9 for Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of area C in the middle.

[0068] During processing, an air inlet pipe 203 can be welded between the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202. At least a portion of the air inlet pipe 203 is located between the first edge portion 2011 of the first blank plate 201 and the second edge portion 2021 of the second blank plate 202. The air inlet pipe 203 is connected to the outside and between the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202, and a high-pressure inert gas can be introduced through the air inlet pipe 203. The air inlet pipe 203 is pre-set to facilitate the introduction of high-pressure inert gas between the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202. A portion of the air inlet pipe 203 can extend outward from the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 to facilitate connection with an external pipeline of the high-pressure inert gas. Grooves can be provided at the edges of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202, such as Fig. 9 The first groove 2011a and the second groove 2021a shown in the figure, the grooves of the two edge parts are connected to form a mounting hole, and the air intake pipe 203 can be inserted into the mounting hole, so that the air intake pipe 203 can be prevented from being damaged when the edge parts of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are crimped, and the air intake pipe 203 can be smoothly input with high-pressure inert gas. When the redundant edge pressing part is cut off later, part of the air intake pipe 203 can also be cut off, and part of the air intake pipe 203 can be retained in the convex edge 0213.

[0069] Please continue to refer to Figures 10 to 14 , Fig.10 This is a schematic structural diagram of a first blank plate 201 and a second blank plate 202 used in forming a crossbeam 022 in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a first state at a first viewing angle during the process of forming a crossbeam 022 by a second mold 102 in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.12 A schematic diagram of a first state at a second viewing angle during the process of forming a crossbeam 022 by a second mold 102 in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.13 A schematic diagram of a first state at a first viewing angle during the process of forming a crossbeam 022 by a second mold 102 in an embodiment of the present application; Fig.14 A schematic diagram of a first state at a second viewing angle during the process of forming a crossbeam 022 by a second mold 102 in an embodiment of the present application.

[0070] The crossbeam 022 in this embodiment is of a special shape, roughly H-shaped, such as Figure 2As shown, the cross beam 022 includes two first main beams 0221 and a second main beam 0222 extending in the transverse direction, and a first sub-beam 0223 and a second sub-beam 0224 extending in the longitudinal direction. The two sub-beams connect the two main beams. One end of each main beam in the transverse direction is connected to a corresponding side beam 021, and the other end is connected to another corresponding side beam 021. The cavity of the cross beam 022 of this structure is also H-shaped, which is a special-shaped cavity. The second mold 102 for forming the cross beam 022 includes an upper mold and a lower mold, which are defined as a second upper mold 1021 and a second lower mold 1022, respectively. The forming method of the cross beam 022 is the same as the forming method of the above-mentioned side beam 021, except that the structures of the second upper mold 1021 and the second lower mold 1022 of the second mold 102 for forming the cross beam 022 are basically the same, and the male mold and the female mold are no longer distinguished. The second upper mold 1021 and the second lower mold 1022 of the second mold 102 are both provided with a concave cavity. After the second upper mold 1021 and the second lower mold 1022 are molded together, the concave cavity of the second upper mold 1021 and the concave cavity of the second lower mold 1022 are matched to form a second cavity 102a that matches the cross beam 022. The second cavity 102a is projected in the up and down directions, and the projection surface is Fig.10 It is understood that the shapes of the cross beam 022 and the side beam 021 are not limited to Figure 2 , Figure 1 The shape shown may also be other shapes, and the cavities of the first mold 101 and the second mold 102 can be adaptively designed.

[0071] Similarly, this embodiment provides a forming method of a beam body 20 of a bogie, wherein the beam body 20 is specifically a cross beam 022, and the forming method comprises the following steps:

[0072] First, a first blank plate 201 and a second blank plate 202 are provided, both of which are made of titanium alloy;

[0073] like Fig.10 As shown, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are both flat plate structures and are H-shaped (here they are roughly H-shaped, with two secondary beams between the two main beams). The first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 serve as blanks for the crossbeam 022, and their sizes can be determined according to the size of the crossbeam 022 to be formed, which will not be repeated here.

[0074] After the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are arranged, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are stacked, as shown in FIG. Fig.11As shown, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are stacked together along the thickness direction of the two to form a double-layer plate structure, and then placed on the second mold 102 for heating. In this embodiment, the first blank plate 201 is used to process the top plate of the beam 022 and the side plate that occupies half of the size in the vertical direction, and the second blank plate 202 is used to process the bottom plate of the beam 022 and the other half of the side plate. When placed in the second mold 102, the first blank plate 201 is located above the second blank plate 202.

[0075] The second mold 102 for forming the cross beam 022 may not include a blank holder, because there is no step of the punch pressing the blank plate, and the second upper mold 1021 and the second lower mold 1022 can directly close the mold to abut the edge of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 on the second lower mold 1022. The second lower mold 1022 and the second upper mold 1021 press the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202, specifically the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021. After closing the mold, the second upper mold 1021 can continue to press. The heated first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021 can be diffusely connected under the pressure, so that the edges of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 will be connected together, and the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are relatively closed. In this embodiment, heating the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 is to facilitate the realization of diffusion connection and bulging.

[0076] Afterwards, high-pressure inert gas is introduced between the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202. Before the high-pressure inert gas is introduced, the pressurization of the second upper mold 1021 can be continued for a certain period of time to ensure the effect of diffusion connection. Under the pressure of the high-pressure inert gas, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 can be expanded and deformed until the first blank plate 201, the second blank plate 202 and the inner surface of the second mold 102 corresponding to the second cavity 102a of the second mold 102 are fitted to complete the expansion forming, that is, the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are expanded and superplastic deformation occurs. When the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are fitted with the inner surface corresponding to the second cavity 102a of the second mold 102, the desired shape of the beam 022 is formed. At this time, it can be a blank for forming the beam 022, that is, the basic shape of the beam 022 is formed, such as Fig.13 , 14 shown.

[0077] After the blank of the cross beam 022 is formed, the blank is processed to form the cross beam 022. The processing here is the same as the processing of the blank of the side beam 021, for example, surface treatment, cutting off the excess part of the blank, etc. When forming the cross beam 022, the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021 are pressed and diffusely connected to form a protruding portion that surrounds the blank of the cross beam 022. The length of this portion is also relatively long, and a part of it can be cut to form a convex edge of the cross beam 022 ( Figure 2 (not shown), for example, the redundant edge pressing part can be cut off by a laser cutting machine. In specific operation, the redundant edge parts of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 can be cut off after the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 are cooled, so that the cutting position is more accurate. The convex edge of the cross beam 022 can be further processed, and the specific method can be understood by referring to the processing process of the side beam 021 mentioned above, which will not be repeated.

[0078] In addition, during processing, in the surface of one side opposite to the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202, an isolation layer may be coated on the portion other than the edge surface, and before the high-pressure inert gas is introduced, the second mold 102 pressurizes the first edge portion 2011 of the first blank plate 201 not coated with the isolation layer and the second edge portion 2021 of the second blank plate 202. The isolation layer can prevent the portion other than the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021 from being connected, ensuring expansion under the action of the high-pressure inert gas later.

[0079] In some specific embodiments, before placing the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 into the second mold 102 for heating, the edge portions of the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 can be welded, that is, the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021 are welded, and the welding method is, for example, spot welding, to preliminarily connect and position the first edge portion 2011 and the second edge portion 2021, and then place the welded first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 into the second mold 102 for heating, which can prevent the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 from being misaligned in subsequent processes.

[0080] In addition, similar to processing the side beam 021, an air intake pipe 203 may also be welded between the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202 when processing the cross beam 022. At least a portion of the air intake pipe 203 is located between the first edge portion 2011 of the first blank plate 201 and the second edge portion 2021 of the second blank plate 202, and high-pressure inert gas may be introduced through the air intake pipe 203. The air intake pipe 203 is pre-arranged to facilitate the introduction of high-pressure inert gas between the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202.

[0081] The cross beam 022 and the side beam 021 processed in the above manner are welded and fixed together, specifically, one end of the cross beam 022 in the transverse direction is welded to a side beam 021, and the other end of the cross beam 022 in the transverse direction is welded to another side beam 021, so as to form a relatively complete bogie frame structure. During welding, the cross beam 022 and the side beam 021 can be welded by two welding robots, first welding one side and then welding the other side.

[0082] It is mentioned above that an air intake pipe 203 is arranged between the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202. The number of air intake pipes 203 can be one or more, and there is no specific limitation. It is worth noting that after the blank of the formed cross beam 022 or the side beam 021 is trimmed, part of the air intake pipe 203 is still retained in the flange 0213 of the side beam 021 and the flange of the cross beam 022. When designing, at least part of the air intake pipe 203 can be arranged at the transverse end of the cross beam 022 and the transverse side of the side beam 021. When the cross beam 022 and the side beam 021 are butt-welded, the air intake pipe 203 of the cross beam 022 can be butt-connected with the air intake pipe 203 of the side beam 021. In this way, the cavity of the cross beam 022 and the cavity of the side beam 021 can be butt-connected, so that they can be used as additional air chambers without adding additional connecting pipelines.

[0083] Alternatively, when the cross beam 022 and the side beam 021 are connected, the convex edges of the two can be overlapped in the up-and-down direction and then welded, which can ensure a larger welding contact area and improve welding reliability.

[0084] Look again Figure 5 and Fig.11 In the above embodiment, at least one of the upper and lower molds of the first mold 101 for processing the side beam 021 or the second mold 102 for processing the cross beam 022 is provided with an exhaust channel. Figure 5 The first upper mold 1011 of the first mold 101 is provided with a first upper exhaust channel 1011a, and the first lower mold 1012 is provided with a first lower exhaust channel 1012a. Fig.11 The second upper mold 1021 of the second mold 102 is provided with a second upper exhaust channel 1021a, and the second lower mold 1022 is provided with a second lower exhaust channel 1022a. The exhaust channel is used to exhaust the high-pressure inert gas filled between the first blank plate 201 and the second blank plate 202.

[0085] The above are only preferred implementations of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A beam forming method, characterized in that: The steps include: Providing a first blank plate and a second blank plate both made of titanium alloy; The first blank plate and the second blank plate are stacked and placed on a mold for heating; the mold presses the edges of the first blank plate and the second blank plate to make the edges diffusely connected; Passing high-pressure inert gas between the first blank plate and the second blank plate to deform the first blank plate and the second blank plate and make them fit with the inner surface corresponding to the cavity of the mold to perform bulging forming; The beam body is formed.

2. The beam forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that: A separation layer is applied to a portion other than the surface of the edge portion of the surface of the first green sheet and the second green sheet that face each other.

3. The beam forming method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The edges of the first blank plate and the second blank plate are welded, and then the welded first blank plate and the second blank plate are placed on the mold for heating.

4. The beam forming method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: An air intake pipe is welded between the first blank plate and the second blank plate, at least part of the air intake pipe is located between the edge of the first blank plate and the edge of the second blank plate, the air intake pipe connects the outside with the first blank plate and the second blank plate, and the high-pressure inert gas is introduced through the air intake pipe.

5. The beam forming method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: After the expansion forming, the redundant portions of the edge portions of the first blank plate and the second blank plate are cut off to form the beam body.

6. The beam forming method according to claim 5, characterized in that: After the expansion forming, the first blank plate and the second blank plate are cooled, and then the redundant parts of the edge parts of the first blank plate and the second blank plate are cut off.

7. The beam forming method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The beam body is a side beam of a bogie, the mold comprises a first upper mold and a first lower mold, the stacked first blank plate and the second blank plate are placed on the first lower mold for heating, the first blank plate is closer to the first upper mold, and before the high-pressure inert gas is introduced, the following steps are further performed: The first upper die moves toward the first lower die until the first upper die presses against the edge of the first blank plate. During the movement, the first upper die presses against the first blank plate to bend both the first blank plate and the second blank plate.

8. A bogie processing method, characterized in that: The bogie includes a crossbeam and a side beam, wherein one lateral end of the crossbeam is connected to one of the side beams, and the other lateral end of the crossbeam is connected to another of the side beams; the side beams are processed by the beam body processing method described in any one of claims 1 to 7, and the crossbeam is processed by the beam body processing method described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. The bogie processing method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The side beam and the cross beam are welded and fixed.

10. The bogie processing method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The edge portions of the expanded cross beam and the side beam are trimmed to form convex edges, and the convex edges of the side beam and the cross beam are overlap-welded.

11. The bogie processing method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: The cross beam and the side beam are both provided with an air intake pipe for introducing the high-pressure inert gas, and the air intake pipe of the side beam is butt-connected with the air intake pipe of the cross beam.

12. A bogie, characterized in that: The bogie includes a crossbeam and a side beam, one lateral end of the crossbeam is connected to one of the side beams, and the other lateral end of the crossbeam is connected to another side beam; the side beams and the crossbeam are both made of titanium alloy, and both of the side beams and the crossbeam are expansion forming structures.

13. A mold for processing a beam body of a bogie, characterized in that: The mold includes an upper mold and a lower mold, and the upper mold and the lower mold cooperate to form a cavity, and the cavity corresponds to the cavity shape of the beam body; at least one of the upper mold and the lower mold is provided with an exhaust channel, and the sheet material for processing the beam body includes a first blank plate and a second blank plate, and the exhaust channel is used to discharge the high-pressure inert gas filled between the first blank plate and the second blank plate.

14. The mold according to claim 13, characterized in that The beam body is a side beam, and the mold further includes a pressure ring, which is used to press the first blank plate and the second blank plate against the lower mold.

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