Device and method for accelerating ventilation and smoke dissipation of tunnel based on high-pressure air pipe

Abstract

The invention provides a device and method for accelerating ventilation and smoke dissipation of a tunnel based on a high-pressure air pipe. The device comprises a high-pressure gas supply device, a main pipeline, the high-pressure air pipe, a branch pipeline and a negative pressure pipeline, a first valve is installed on the main pipeline, a second valve is installed on the high-pressure air pipe, and the high-pressure air pipe communicates with a pipeline, located on the inner side of the first valve, of the main pipeline; one end of the branch pipeline communicates with the high-pressure air pipe, the other end of the branch pipeline communicates with the negative pressure pipeline, the negative pressure pipeline is located in the main pipeline and extends in the direction away from the second valve, and a distance exists between the end, located on the outer side of the first valve, of the main pipeline and the outlet end of the negative pressure pipeline. According to the device for accelerating ventilation and smoke dissipation of the tunnel based on the high-pressure air pipe, the smoke exhaust efficiency can be greatly improved in the presence of negative pressure, on one hand, the subsequent production progress is accelerated, the tunnel excavation construction progress is improved, and on the other hand, the working environment of constructors in the tunnel is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a device and a method for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct. Background Art

[0002] Common ways to disperse smoke through tunnel ventilation include: Figure 1 As shown, a ventilation duct 1 is arranged along the excavated tunnel (the ventilation duct 1 and the high-pressure air inlet duct 2 are independently arranged), and an axial flow fan is arranged at the entrance of the ventilation duct 1. When exhausting smoke, the axial flow fan is used to press fresh air into the tunnel in a positive direction, and the blasting smoke is naturally discharged along the tunnel.

[0003] This method has the following disadvantages: as the tunnel excavation is lengthened, the ventilation duct 1 is lengthened, and the axial flow fan at the entrance is too far away from the smoke exhaust point. The increase in distance causes the wind pressure and wind speed to decrease, and the loss of wind energy increases, thereby prolonging the time for blasting smoke exhaust, sometimes reaching more than 60 minutes, which seriously affects the progress of tunnel excavation construction. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct, aiming to improve the tunnel smoke exhaust efficiency.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct, comprising a high-pressure gas supply device, a main pipeline, a high-pressure air duct, a branch pipeline and a negative pressure pipeline, wherein: A first valve is installed on the main pipeline, an air inlet of the high-pressure air duct is connected to a high-pressure gas supply device, a second valve is installed on the high-pressure air duct, the high-pressure air duct is connected to the pipeline of the main pipeline located inside the first valve, one end of the branch pipeline is connected to the high-pressure air duct, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected to the negative pressure pipeline, the negative pressure pipeline is located inside the main pipeline and extends in a direction away from the second valve, and there is a distance between the end of the main pipeline located outside the first valve and the outlet end of the negative pressure pipeline. When entering the smoke exhaust mode, the first valve and the third valve are opened, and the second valve is closed, and the high-pressure air is sequentially passed through the high-pressure air duct, the branch pipeline and the negative pressure pipeline to form a negative pressure at the outlet of the negative pressure pipeline to suck in the smoke at the other end of the main pipeline to quickly exhaust the smoke.

[0006] Preferably, the diameter of the main pipeline is 30 mm to 70 mm larger than the diameter of the negative pressure pipeline, and the distance between the end of the main pipeline located outside the first valve and the outlet end of the negative pressure pipeline is 4 m to 6 m.

[0007] Preferably, the high-pressure gas supply device comprises a high-pressure air compressor.

[0008] Preferably, the device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct also includes a control device electrically connected to the first valve, the second valve and the third valve.

[0009] Preferably, the device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct further comprises a dust filtering device installed at the outlet of the main duct on the side away from the branch duct.

[0010] Preferably, the dust filtering device is detachably installed at the outlet of the main pipeline.

[0011] Preferably, a replaceable filter screen is installed on the dust filtering device.

[0012] The present invention also proposes a method based on the above-mentioned device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct, comprising the following steps: When entering the smoke exhaust mode, the high-pressure gas supply device is controlled to start working; Close the second valve, open the first valve and the third valve, and the high-pressure air will pass through the high-pressure air duct, branch duct and negative pressure duct in turn to form negative pressure at the outlet of the negative pressure duct, sucking in the smoke at the other end of the main duct for rapid smoke exhaust.

[0013] Preferably, the method of the device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air ducts also includes: When entering the high-pressure air supply mode, the high-pressure gas supply device is controlled to start working; Close the first valve and the third valve, open the second valve, and the high-pressure air enters the main pipeline through the high-pressure air duct, and the main pipeline provides high-pressure air to the equipment in the tunnel.

[0014] The device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct proposed by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By converting high-pressure air into negative pressure, the smoke exhaust efficiency can be greatly improved due to the existence of negative pressure compared with the smoke exhaust method of the axial flow fan in the prior art; 2. By improving the existing high-pressure air inlet duct, it can be used for efficient smoke exhaust, making it have the advantage of low modification cost; 3. The device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air duct has the advantages of simple structure and reliable operation; 4. This device based on high-pressure air ducts to accelerate tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion can shorten the blasting smoke discharge time to within 15 minutes. On the one hand, it speeds up the subsequent production progress and improves the tunnel excavation construction progress. On the other hand, it improves the working environment of the construction personnel in the tunnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion device in the prior art; Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct according to the present invention; Figure 3 It is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct according to the present invention.

[0016] In the figure, 1-ventilation duct, 2-high-pressure air inlet duct, 3-main duct, 4-high-pressure air duct, 5-branch duct, 6-negative pressure duct, 7-first valve, 8-second valve, 9-third valve, 10-tunnel.

[0017] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0019] It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "transverse", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate the orientation or position relationship based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] The present invention provides a device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct.

[0021] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 In this preferred embodiment, a device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct comprises a high-pressure gas supply device, a main pipeline 3, a high-pressure air duct 4, a branch pipeline 5 and a negative pressure pipeline 6, wherein: A first valve 7 is installed on the main pipeline 3, and an air inlet of the high-pressure air duct 4 is connected to a high-pressure gas supply device. A second valve 8 is installed on the high-pressure air duct 4. The high-pressure air duct 4 is connected to the pipeline of the main pipeline 3 located inside the first valve 7. One end of the branch pipeline 5 is connected to the high-pressure air duct 4. The negative pressure pipeline 6 is located inside the main pipeline 3 and extends in a direction away from the second valve 8. There is a distance between the end of the main pipeline 3 located outside the first valve 7 and the outlet end of the negative pressure pipeline 6. When entering the smoke exhaust mode, the first valve 7 and the third valve 9 are opened, and the second valve 8 is closed. High-pressure wind passes through the high-pressure air duct 4, the branch pipeline 5 and the negative pressure pipeline 6 in turn to form a negative pressure at the outlet of the negative pressure pipeline 6 to suck in the smoke at the other end of the main pipeline 3 for quick smoke exhaust.

[0022] Specifically, in this embodiment, the diameter of the main pipe 3 is 30 mm to 70 mm larger than the diameter of the negative pressure pipe 6. The distance between the end of the main pipe 3 located outside the first valve 7 and the outlet end of the negative pressure pipe 6 is 4 m to 6 m. By setting the end of the main pipe 3 and the end of the negative pressure pipe 6 to be 4 m to 6 m, the negative pressure effect is ensured, and then the smoke exhaust effect is ensured.

[0023] In this embodiment, the high-pressure gas supply device includes a high-pressure air compressor. Of course, in other modified embodiments, the high-pressure gas supply device may also adopt other structures, and the present invention is not limited to this.

[0024] Furthermore, the device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air ducts also includes a control device electrically connected to the first valve 7, the second valve 8 and the third valve 9. By setting the control device, automatic control of all valves is achieved.

[0025] Furthermore, the device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air ducts also includes a dust filter installed at the outlet of the main pipe 3 away from the branch pipe 5. The dust filter is used to filter large particles in the smoke exhaust process, thereby preventing dust from entering the pipe and blocking the pipe or valve.

[0026] Furthermore, the dust filtering device can be detachably installed at the outlet of the main pipe 3. Therefore, when the high-pressure air is supplied normally, the dust filtering device can be removed to facilitate the connection between the main pipe 3 and the equipment.

[0027] Specifically, a replaceable filter screen is installed on the dust filtering device, thereby facilitating regular replacement of the filter screen.

[0028] The working process of the device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air duct is as follows: 1. In conventional construction, high-pressure air is required to cooperate with hand-held pneumatic drills. At this time, close the first valve 7 and the third valve 9, open the second valve 8, and the high-pressure air is transported to the main pipeline 3 through the high-pressure air inlet, the second valve 8 and the high-pressure air duct 4. At this time, high-pressure air can be used for drilling operations; 2. After the drilling operation, blasting construction is carried out in the tunnel face, and blasting smoke and dust are generated. At this time, smoke exhaust operation is required; 3. Close the second valve 8, open the first valve 7 and the third valve 9, and the high-pressure air passes through the high-pressure air inlet, the first valve 7, the third valve 9 and the negative pressure pipe 6, and is quickly discharged at the smoke exhaust port, and negative pressure is formed at the outlet of the negative pressure pipe 6 and in the gap between the outlet of the negative pressure pipe 6 and the main flue 3. At this time, due to the negative pressure formed at the outlet of the negative pressure pipe 6, the exhaust efficiency can be greatly improved. The outlet of the main pipe 3 located on the inner side of the first valve can be connected to a hose to the smoke and dust part to exhaust the blasting smoke and dust out of the cave.

[0029] The device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct proposed by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. By converting high-pressure air into negative pressure, compared with the smoke exhaust method of the axial flow fan in the prior art, the smoke exhaust efficiency can be greatly improved because of the negative pressure at the outlet of the negative pressure pipe 6; 2. By improving the existing high-pressure air inlet duct, it can be used for efficient smoke exhaust, making it have the advantage of low modification cost; 3. The device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air duct has the advantages of simple structure and reliable operation; 4. This device based on high-pressure air ducts to accelerate tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion can shorten the blasting smoke exhaust time to within 15 minutes. On the one hand, it speeds up the subsequent production progress, and on the other hand, it improves the working environment of construction workers in the tunnel.

[0030] The present invention further proposes a device and method for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct.

[0031] In this preferred embodiment, a method based on the above-mentioned device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct comprises the following steps: When entering the smoke exhaust mode, the high-pressure gas supply device is controlled to start working; Close the second valve 8, open the first valve 7 and the third valve 9, and the high-pressure air passes through the high-pressure air duct 4, the branch duct 5 and the negative pressure duct 6 in sequence to form a negative pressure at the outlet of the negative pressure duct 6, sucking in the smoke at the other end of the main duct 3 for rapid smoke exhaust.

[0032] Furthermore, the method of the device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on the high-pressure air duct also includes: When entering the high-pressure air supply mode, the high-pressure gas supply device is controlled to start working; Close the first valve 7 and the third valve 9, open the second valve 8, and the high-pressure air enters the main pipeline 3 through the high-pressure air duct 4, and the main pipeline 3 provides high-pressure air to the equipment in the tunnel.

[0033] The method for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air ducts proposed in the present invention improves the high-pressure air supply duct so that it can be used for tunnel smoke exhaust. The negative pressure formed by the high pressure can greatly improve the suction efficiency, thereby improving the smoke exhaust efficiency (the blasting smoke exhaust time can be shortened to within 15 minutes). On the one hand, it accelerates the subsequent production progress, and on the other hand, it improves the working environment of the construction personnel in the tunnel.

[0034] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct, characterized in that: It includes a high-pressure gas supply device, a main pipeline, a high-pressure air duct, a branch pipeline and a negative pressure pipeline, wherein: A first valve is installed on the main pipeline, an air inlet of the high-pressure air duct is connected to a high-pressure gas supply device, a second valve is installed on the high-pressure air duct, the high-pressure air duct is connected to the pipeline of the main pipeline located inside the first valve, one end of the branch pipeline is connected to the high-pressure air duct, and the other end of the branch pipeline is connected to the negative pressure pipeline, the negative pressure pipeline is located inside the main pipeline and extends in a direction away from the second valve, and there is a distance between the end of the main pipeline located outside the first valve and the outlet end of the negative pressure pipeline. When entering the smoke exhaust mode, the first valve and the third valve are opened, and the second valve is closed, and the high-pressure air is sequentially passed through the high-pressure air duct, the branch pipeline and the negative pressure pipeline to form a negative pressure at the outlet of the negative pressure pipeline to suck in the smoke at the other end of the main pipeline to quickly exhaust the smoke.

2. The device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air duct according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the main pipeline is 30 mm to 70 mm larger than the diameter of the negative pressure pipeline, and the distance between the end of the main pipeline located outside the first valve and the outlet end of the negative pressure pipeline is 4 m to 6 m.

3. The device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air duct according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure gas supply device includes a high-pressure air compressor.

4. The device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air duct according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a control device electrically connected to the first valve, the second valve and the third valve.

5. The device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a high-pressure air duct according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It also includes a dust filtering device installed at the outlet of the main pipeline on the side away from the branch pipeline.

6. The device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air duct according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dust filtering device is detachably mounted at the outlet of the main pipeline.

7. The device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air duct according to claim 6, characterized in that: The dust filtering device is provided with a replaceable filter screen.

8. A method for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on a device using a high-pressure air duct according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: When entering the smoke exhaust mode, the high-pressure gas supply device is controlled to start working; Close the second valve, open the first valve and the third valve, and the high-pressure air will pass through the high-pressure air duct, branch duct and negative pressure duct in turn to form negative pressure at the outlet of the negative pressure duct, sucking in the smoke at the other end of the main duct for rapid smoke exhaust.

9. The method of the device for accelerating tunnel ventilation and smoke dispersion based on high-pressure air duct according to claim 8, characterized in that: Also includes: When entering the high-pressure air supply mode, the high-pressure gas supply device is controlled to start working; Close the first valve and the third valve, open the second valve, and the high-pressure air enters the main pipeline through the high-pressure air duct, and the main pipeline provides high-pressure air to the equipment in the tunnel.

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