Stripping method for water-rich soft clay layer of strip mine

Abstract

The invention discloses a strip mine water-rich soft clay layer stripping method which comprises the steps of stripping design and stripping construction and further comprises the steps that before stripping design, engineering geology and hydrogeology conditions of a stripping area are explored, soil layer information of the stripping area is obtained, and according to the obtained soil layer information. Through an innovative stripping mode, high efficiency and continuity of engineering equipment operation are ensured; by selecting the stripping equipment with high flexibility, the transportation equipment with high adaptability and the auxiliary equipment which is not easy to trap, the working efficiency is greatly improved, the working cost is reduced, and the potential safety hazard is reduced to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of mining, and in particular to a method for stripping a water-rich soft clay layer in an open-pit mine. Background Art

[0002] At present, the stripping of water-rich soft clay layers in open-pit mines is greatly affected by factors such as the engineering geology, hydrogeology, and weather conditions of the soft clay layers. Especially when stripping operations are carried out under conditions of high permeability or rainy weather, special attention should be paid to the stripping methods. Improper methods will lead to reduced stripping efficiency and even cause safety accidents such as slope collapse, machine and vehicle trapping. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention discloses a method for stripping a water-rich soft clay layer in an open-pit mine, so as to solve any of the above and other potential problems in the prior art.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a method for stripping water-rich soft clay layers in open-pit mines, the stripping method comprising stripping design and stripping construction, the stripping method further comprising: before the stripping design, conducting an exploration of the engineering geology and hydrogeology of the stripping area to obtain soil layer information of the stripping area, and based on the obtained soil layer information.

[0005] Furthermore, the exploration is to use an engineering exploration drilling rig to explore the stripping area, the exploration density is ≤20m*20m, and the exploration depth is ≥ the planned stripping depth.

[0006] Furthermore, the soil layer information includes: soil layer type and soil layer parameters;

[0007] Wherein, the soil layer types include: loam and clay;

[0008] The soil layer parameters include: water content, void ratio, saturation and internal friction angle;

[0009] When the soil layer type is clay, the soil parameters include water content ≥44%, porosity ≥1.37, saturation ≥95%, and internal friction angle ≤11.5°. This soil layer is a water-rich soft clay layer that needs to be stripped.

[0010] Furthermore, the stripping design: designs the stripping step parameters, including the width of the working platform, the specifications of the intercepting drainage ditch, the angle of the temporary slope and the design of the safety retaining wall; designs the stripping method, and designs the rolling construction of the working platform from the outside to the inside and the dynamic extension type of engineering equipment passageway.

[0011] Furthermore, the stripping step parameters of the soil layer being a water-rich soft clay layer are: the temporary slope angle is ≤40, the working platform width is ≥35m, the intercepting drainage ditch specifications are a width of not less than 2m and a depth of not less than 1m, the width of the safety retaining wall is not less than 2.5m and the height is not less than 2m.

[0012] Furthermore, the stripping method is specifically as follows: when stripping in the water-rich soft rotten soil layer area, firstly, it is necessary to transport the blocky waste rock to build an operating platform and start the stripping operation;

[0013] Secondly, at the edge of the area to be stripped, the working platform is continuously rolled and moved by the shoveling equipment, while the road for the engineering equipment is continuously paved.

[0014] Furthermore, the engineering equipment includes shovel loading equipment, transportation equipment and road maintenance equipment;

[0015] The loading equipment is a backhoe excavator; the transport equipment is an articulated truck; and the road maintenance equipment is a crawler bulldozer.

[0016] Furthermore, the road for the engineering equipment to pass uses massive weathered rocks as roadbed materials, the road width is not less than 22m, and the road thickness is not less than 30cm.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: improving the stripping efficiency of the water-rich soft clay layer in the open-pit mine, reducing the stripping cost, ensuring the engineering image of the stripping operation area, and providing a layer of safety guarantee for the stripping operation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the stripping zone exploration of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 The design and construction diagram of the water-rich soft clay layer stripping of the present invention,

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the loading construction of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1-water-rich soft clay layer, 2-exploration hole, 3-loam layer, 4-working platform, 5-intercepting drainage ditch, 6-temporary slope, 7-stripping direction, 8-working platform, 9-backhoe excavator, 10-road for engineering equipment. 11-articulated truck, 12-loam, DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] To further understand the content of the present invention, the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] The present invention provides a method for stripping a water-rich soft clay layer in an open-pit mine, comprising stripping design and stripping construction. The method further comprises: before the stripping design, exploring the engineering geology and hydrogeology of the stripping area, obtaining soil layer information of the stripping area, and performing stripping design according to the obtained soil layer information.

[0024] Attached Figure 1 The number 2 in the middle is the exploration hole 2 formed by the exploration work carried out before the stripping design. The density of the exploration holes is 20m*20m, and the depth of the exploration project is greater than or equal to the designed stripping depth of the water-rich soft clay layer.

[0025] Obtain soil layer information through exploration holes to determine soil layer type and soil layer parameters. Soil layer types are divided into loam and clay. Soil layer parameters include: water content, porosity, saturation, internal friction angle

[0026] Attached Figure 1 In the middle, 1 is a clay layer and 3 is a loam layer. When the soil parameters of the clay layer have a water content ≥44%, a porosity ≥1.37, a saturation ≥95%, and an internal friction angle ≤11.5°, this soil layer is a water-rich soft clay layer. The water-rich soft clay layer appears to be soft and rotten clay in terms of characterization.

[0027] 4. Attachment Figure 2 The medium water-rich soft clay layer 1 is soft and rotten clay, and due to the development of the surrounding surface water system, it has a large permeability. It is difficult to advance in this area using traditional stripping methods, and there are major safety hazards.

[0028] 5. Attachment Figure 2 The width of the middle working platform 4 is increased from the traditional 30m to 35m, which is convenient for laying out intercepting drainage ditches, transportation roads, safety retaining walls and other facilities with larger parameters. Because the water-rich soft clay layer 1 has a large permeability, the traditional intercepting drainage ditch cannot meet the corresponding technical requirements, so the width and height of the intercepting drainage ditch 5 are adjusted from the original 1m and 0.5m to 2m and 1m respectively, ensuring that the slope water can be intercepted into the drainage ditch, thereby greatly reducing the permeability above the working platform. Because the soil of the water-rich soft clay layer 1 is soft and rotten, the temporary slope built according to the conventional slope angle parameters is very easy to collapse, so the slope angle of the temporary slope 6 is slowed down from the conventional 65. To ensure the stability of the temporary slope, reduce the amount of work for repeated construction of temporary slopes and cleaning of ditches, and at the same time, it is more conducive to the safety of equipment operation.

[0029] Attached Figure 2The middle advancing direction 7 is the overall advancing direction of the stripping operation. Since the soil material of the water-rich soft clay layer 1 is relatively soft and rotten, if the backhoe excavator 9 uses the soft and rotten soil material to build the working platform 8 in the traditional way, the backhoe excavator 9 is very easy to get stuck in the mud during the operation, which has low operating efficiency and great safety hazards. Therefore, the working platform 8 uses the massive weathered rock transported from other stripping areas as the platform base, and the platform length * width * height specifications are 10m * 10m * 2m. At the same time, in order to avoid repeatedly transporting massive weathered rock materials to build the working platform, the backhoe excavator 9 will alternately swing and roll the working platform 8 along the advancing direction 7 to ensure that the backhoe excavator always operates on a solid working platform, improve operating efficiency, and reduce safety risks.

[0030] 7. Because the water-rich soft clay layer 1 is soft and rotten, if the traditional stripping method is used, engineering equipment such as articulated trucks and crawler bulldozers will work directly on the work platform. At that time, the equipment is very easy to get stuck in the soft and rotten mud during the operation, which greatly reduces the work efficiency and poses a great safety hazard. Therefore, it is necessary to pave the engineering equipment passage road 10 in advance before the operation. Usually, the equipment passage road 10 also uses blocky weathered rocks as the roadbed material. The road width is 22m and the road thickness is 30cm. The road width is greater than the minimum turning radius (20m) of the articulated truck 11. The road thickness of 30cm is sufficient to ensure that the engineering equipment will not get stuck when passing on it. The engineering equipment passage road 10 needs to follow the advancement direction 7 and continue to extend forward during the stripping and advancement process to ensure that the engineering equipment always passes on the hard road surface, which improves the operation efficiency of the engineering equipment and reduces the risk of the equipment getting stuck.

[0031] 8. Similarly, because the soil of the water-rich soft clay layer 1 is soft and rotten, part of the soil that has been fully soaked with water becomes fluid mud 13. During the loading process of the backhoe excavator 9, if the traditional loading method is still used, this part of the fluid mud will fall from the tail of the articulated truck to the transportation road, which not only reduces the working efficiency, but also makes the road muddy. Therefore, for this part of the fluid mud, it is necessary to use the loam 12 away from the side of the permeable slope to cooperate with the loading. The backhoe excavator 9 first places the formed soil 12 at the tail of the articulated truck 11 to build a "dam", and then loads the fluid mud to the front and middle parts, and the loading height of the fluid mud should be 20 cm lower than the height of the "dam", thereby preventing the fluid mud from leaking to the transportation road.

[0032] The above is a detailed introduction to a method for stripping a water-rich soft clay layer in an open-pit mine provided in an embodiment of the present application. The description of the above embodiment is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of ​​the present application; at the same time, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation method and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0033] For example, certain words are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art should understand that hardware manufacturers may use different nouns to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not use differences in names as a way to distinguish components, but use differences in the functions of components as the criteria for distinction. As mentioned throughout the specification and claims, "including" and "comprising" are open-ended terms, so they should be interpreted as "including / including but not limited to". "Approximately" means that within an acceptable error range, those skilled in the art can solve the technical problem within a certain error range and basically achieve the technical effect. The subsequent description of the specification is a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the description is for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present application, and is not used to limit the scope of the present application. The scope of protection of the present application shall be determined by the definition of the attached claims.

[0034] It should also be noted that the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a product or system including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such a product or system. In the absence of more restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." do not exclude the existence of other identical elements in the product or system including the elements.

[0035] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0036] The above description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present application, but as mentioned above, it should be understood that the present application is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the application concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present application, and should be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present application.

Claims

1. A method for stripping a water-rich soft clay layer in an open-pit mine, comprising stripping design and stripping construction, characterized in that: The stripping method further comprises: before the stripping design, conducting an exploration of the engineering geology and hydrogeology of the stripping area to obtain soil layer information of the stripping area, and according to the obtained soil layer information.

2. The stripping method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exploration is to use an engineering exploration drilling rig to explore the stripping area, with an exploration density of ≤20m*20m and an exploration depth ≥ the planned stripping depth.

3. The stripping method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil layer information includes: soil layer type and soil layer parameters; Wherein, the soil layer types include: loam and clay; The soil layer parameters include: water content, void ratio, saturation and internal friction angle; When the soil layer type is clay, the soil parameters include water content ≥44%, porosity ≥1.37, saturation ≥95%, and internal friction angle ≤11.5°. This soil layer is a water-rich soft clay layer that needs to be stripped.

4. The stripping method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stripping design includes: designing the stripping step parameters, including the width of the working platform, the specifications of the intercepting drainage ditch, the angle of the temporary slope and the design of the safety retaining wall; designing the stripping method, and designing the rolling construction of the working platform from the outside to the inside and the design of the dynamically extending engineering equipment passageway.

5. The stripping method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stripping step parameters are: temporary slope angle ≤40, working platform width ≥35m, intercepting drainage ditch specifications are width not less than 2m, depth not less than 1m, safety retaining wall width not less than 2.5m, height not less than 2m.

6. The stripping method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stripping method is specifically as follows: when stripping in a water-rich soft rotten soil layer area, firstly, it is necessary to transport the blocky waste rock to build an operating platform and start the stripping operation; Secondly, at the edge of the area to be stripped, the working platform is continuously rolled and moved by the shoveling equipment, while the road for the engineering equipment is continuously paved.

7. The stripping method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The engineering equipment includes shovel loading equipment, transportation equipment and road maintenance equipment; The loading equipment is a backhoe excavator; the transport equipment is an articulated truck; and the road maintenance equipment is a crawler bulldozer.

8. The stripping method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The road for the passage of engineering equipment adopts massive weathered rock as the roadbed material, the road width is not less than 22m, and the road thickness is not less than 30cm.

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