Mechanical excavation method for surrounding cavern

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock surrounding cavern mechanical excavation method which comprises the following steps: S1, supporting a cavern top arch, excavating a cavern tunnel face, and lofting a contour line; s2, drilling a plurality of contour holes along the contour line; s3, a center hole is excavated in the lower position of the center of the tunnel face, and layer-by-layer excavation is conducted along the upper portion and the two sides of the center hole; s4, the upper portion and the two sides of the center hole are excavated to the position with the designed depth being 0.5 m, two rows of excavation holes are formed in the lower portion of the center hole, and then the tunnel face of the cavern on the lower portion of the center hole is excavated to the position with the designed depth being 0.5 m according to the sequence from top to bottom; s5, after excavation is completed, measurement is conducted, the under-excavation position is marked, the under-excavation position is chiseled away, and excavation of the position with the design depth being 0.5 m is completed; and S6, the steps S1 to S5 are repeated, and excavation of the surrounding cavern is completed. According to the mechanical excavation method for the surrounding rock cavern, the problem of serious overexcavation of the side top arch of the cavern caused by traditional excavation is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cavern excavation, and in particular relates to a mechanical excavation method for a surrounding rock cavern. Background Art

[0002] In the excavation process of surrounding rock caverns, the traditional excavation method is to use drilling and blasting. Although this excavation method uses a short advance, due to the relatively broken surrounding rock of the cavern, the blasting method will cause vibration to the surrounding rock of the entire face. After the blasting is completed, it will cause serious over-excavation of the cavern side arch, and the support process time is relatively long, which seriously affects the progress, quality and safety of the cavern excavation. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a mechanical excavation method for a surrounding rock cavern, which solves the serious problem of over-excavation of the cavern side and top arch caused by traditional excavation.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a mechanical excavation method for surrounding rock caverns, comprising the following steps: S1. Support the cavern roof arch, excavate the cavern face and lay out the contour line; S2. Drilling a number of contour holes along the contour line using a drilling device; S3. Use hole-opening equipment to dig a center hole at a position slightly below the center of the tunnel face, and use excavation equipment to excavate layer by layer along the upper part and both sides of the center hole; S4. Excavate the upper part and both sides of the center hole to the designed depth of 0.5 m, use the hole-opening equipment to open two rows of excavation holes in the lower part of the center hole, and then use the excavation equipment to excavate the cavern face in the lower part of the center hole from top to bottom to the designed depth of 0.5 m; S5. After the excavation is completed, measurements are taken, the under-excavated positions are marked, and the under-excavated positions are chiseled out using hole-opening equipment to complete the excavation at the designed depth of 0.5 m; S6. Repeat S1 to S5 to complete the excavation of the surrounding rock cavern.

[0005] The present invention is also characterized in that: The drilling equipment in S2 is a single-arm drilling rig.

[0006] The depth of several contour holes in S2 is 0.7m-0.8m, and the spacing between several contour holes is 0.8m-1.0m.

[0007] The drilling equipment in S3 is a hydraulic hammer.

[0008] The depth of the center hole in S3 is 0.5m-0.6m, and the diameter of the center hole is 1.5m-2.0m.

[0009] The excavation equipment in S3 is a hydraulic backhoe.

[0010] The thickness of layer-by-layer excavation in S3 is 0.5m-0.6m.

[0011] In S4, the depth of the two rows of excavation holes is 0.5m-0.6m, the diameter of the two rows of excavation holes is 0.7m-0.8m, the spacing between the two rows of excavation holes is 1.8m-2.0m, and the spacing between the two rows of excavation holes is 2.5m-3.0m.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The mechanical excavation method for surrounding rock caverns provided by the present invention first uses a single-arm drill to drill along the contour of the face, and then uses a hydraulic backhoe and a hydraulic hammer to excavate the cavern, which effectively solves the problem of over-excavation caused by blasting, thereby extending the time of the support process and ensuring the safety, quality and progress of the surrounding rock cavern excavation construction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of excavation of the mechanical excavation method of the surrounding rock cavern according to the present invention.

[0014] In the figure, 1. cavern face, 2. contour hole, 3. center hole, 4. excavation hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0016] Example 1 The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock cavern proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Support the cavern roof arch, excavate the cavern face 1 and lay out the contour line; S2, using drilling equipment to drill a number of contour holes 2 along the contour line; S3, using a hole-opening device to excavate a center hole 3 at a position slightly below the center of the tunnel face, and using an excavation device to excavate layer by layer along the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3; S4, excavate the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3 to the designed depth of 0.5 m, use the hole-opening equipment to open two rows of excavation holes 4 at the lower part of the center hole 3, and then use the excavation equipment to excavate the cavern face 1 at the lower part of the center hole 3 from top to bottom to the designed depth of 0.5 m; S5. After the excavation is completed, measurements are taken, the under-excavated positions are marked, and the under-excavated positions are chiseled out using hole-opening equipment to complete the excavation at the designed depth of 0.5 m; S6. Repeat S1 to S5 to complete the excavation of the surrounding rock cavern.

[0017] Example 2 The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock cavern proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Support the cavern roof arch, excavate the cavern face 1 and lay out the contour line; S2, using drilling equipment to drill a number of contour holes 2 along the contour line; The drilling equipment is a single-arm drilling rig; S3, using a hole-opening device to excavate a center hole 3 at a position slightly below the center of the tunnel face, and using an excavation device to excavate layer by layer along the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3; S4, excavate the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3 to the designed depth of 0.5 m, use the hole-opening equipment to open two rows of excavation holes 4 at the lower part of the center hole 3, and then use the excavation equipment to excavate the cavern face 1 at the lower part of the center hole 3 from top to bottom to the designed depth of 0.5 m; S5. After the excavation is completed, measurements are taken, the under-excavated positions are marked, and the under-excavated positions are chiseled out using hole-opening equipment to complete the excavation at the designed depth of 0.5 m; S6. Repeat S1 to S5 to complete the excavation of the surrounding rock cavern.

[0018] Example 3 The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock cavern proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Support the cavern roof arch, excavate the cavern face 1 and lay out the contour line; S2, using drilling equipment to drill a number of contour holes 2 along the contour line; The drilling equipment is a single-arm drilling rig; The depth of the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.7m-0.8m, and the spacing between the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.8m-1.0m; S3, using a hole-opening device to excavate a center hole 3 at a position slightly below the center of the tunnel face, and using an excavation device to excavate layer by layer along the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3; S4, excavate the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3 to the designed depth of 0.5 m, use the hole-opening equipment to open two rows of excavation holes 4 at the lower part of the center hole 3, and then use the excavation equipment to excavate the cavern face 1 at the lower part of the center hole 3 from top to bottom to the designed depth of 0.5 m; S5. After the excavation is completed, measurements are taken, the under-excavated positions are marked, and the under-excavated positions are chiseled out using hole-opening equipment to complete the excavation at the designed depth of 0.5 m; S6. Repeat S1 to S5 to complete the excavation of the surrounding rock cavern.

[0019] Example 4 The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock cavern proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Support the cavern roof arch, excavate the cavern face 1 and lay out the contour line; S2, using drilling equipment to drill a number of contour holes 2 along the contour line; The drilling equipment is a single-arm drilling rig; The depth of the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.7m-0.8m, and the spacing between the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.8m-1.0m; S3, using a hole-opening device to excavate a center hole 3 at a position slightly below the center of the tunnel face, and using an excavation device to excavate layer by layer along the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3; The hole-opening equipment is a hydraulic hammer; S4, excavate the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3 to the designed depth of 0.5 m, use the hole-opening equipment to open two rows of excavation holes 4 at the lower part of the center hole 3, and then use the excavation equipment to excavate the cavern face 1 at the lower part of the center hole 3 from top to bottom to the designed depth of 0.5 m; S5. After the excavation is completed, measurements are taken, the under-excavated positions are marked, and the under-excavated positions are chiseled out using hole-opening equipment to complete the excavation at the designed depth of 0.5 m; S6. Repeat S1 to S5 to complete the excavation of the surrounding rock cavern.

[0020] Example 5 The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock cavern proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Support the cavern roof arch, excavate the cavern face 1 and lay out the contour line; S2, using drilling equipment to drill a number of contour holes 2 along the contour line; The drilling equipment is a single-arm drilling rig; The depth of the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.7m-0.8m, and the spacing between the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.8m-1.0m; S3, using a hole-opening device to excavate a center hole 3 at a position slightly below the center of the tunnel face, and using an excavation device to excavate layer by layer along the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3; The drilling equipment is a hydraulic hammer; the depth of the center hole 3 is 0.5m-0.6m, and the diameter of the center hole 3 is 1.5m-2.0m; S4, excavate the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3 to the designed depth of 0.5 m, use the hole-opening equipment to open two rows of excavation holes 4 at the lower part of the center hole 3, and then use the excavation equipment to excavate the cavern face 1 at the lower part of the center hole 3 from top to bottom to the designed depth of 0.5 m; S5. After the excavation is completed, measurements are taken, the under-excavated positions are marked, and the under-excavated positions are chiseled out using hole-opening equipment to complete the excavation at the designed depth of 0.5 m; S6. Repeat S1 to S5 to complete the excavation of the surrounding rock cavern.

[0021] Example 6 The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock cavern proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Support the cavern roof arch, excavate the cavern face 1 and lay out the contour line; S2, using drilling equipment to drill a number of contour holes 2 along the contour line; The drilling equipment is a single-arm drilling rig; The depth of the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.7m-0.8m, and the spacing between the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.8m-1.0m; S3, using a hole-opening device to excavate a center hole 3 at a position slightly below the center of the tunnel face, and using an excavation device to excavate layer by layer along the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3; The hole-opening equipment is a hydraulic hammer; the depth of the center hole 3 is 0.5m-0.6m, and the diameter of the center hole 3 is 1.5m-2.0m; the excavation equipment is a hydraulic backhoe; S4, excavate the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3 to the designed depth of 0.5 m, use the hole-opening equipment to open two rows of excavation holes 4 at the lower part of the center hole 3, and then use the excavation equipment to excavate the cavern face 1 at the lower part of the center hole 3 from top to bottom to the designed depth of 0.5 m; S5. After the excavation is completed, measurements are taken, the under-excavated positions are marked, and the under-excavated positions are chiseled out using hole-opening equipment to complete the excavation at the designed depth of 0.5 m; S6. Repeat S1 to S5 to complete the excavation of the surrounding rock cavern.

[0022] The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock caverns has been successfully used in the ventilation and safety tunnel and traffic tunnel of the Burqin Pumped Storage Power Station in Xinjiang. The ventilation and safety tunnel and the traffic tunnel are biotite gneiss with relatively developed fault structures. The surrounding rock caverns are excavated using mechanical excavation methods, which effectively controls the over-excavation of the caverns, ensures safety and quality, and greatly improves the construction progress.

[0023] Example 7 The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock cavern proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Support the cavern roof arch, excavate the cavern face 1 and lay out the contour line; S2, using drilling equipment to drill a number of contour holes 2 along the contour line; The drilling equipment is a single-arm drilling rig; The depth of the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.7m-0.8m, and the spacing between the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.8m-1.0m; S3, using a hole-opening device to excavate a center hole 3 at a position slightly below the center of the tunnel face, and using an excavation device to excavate layer by layer along the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3; The drilling equipment is a hydraulic hammer; the depth of the center hole 3 is 0.5m-0.6m, and the diameter of the center hole 3 is 1.5m-2.0m; the excavation equipment is a hydraulic backhoe; the excavation thickness of each layer is 0.5m-0.6m; S4, excavate the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3 to the designed depth of 0.5 m, use the hole-opening equipment to open two rows of excavation holes 4 at the lower part of the center hole 3, and then use the excavation equipment to excavate the cavern face 1 at the lower part of the center hole 3 from top to bottom to the designed depth of 0.5 m; S5. After the excavation is completed, measurements are taken, the under-excavated positions are marked, and the under-excavated positions are chiseled out using hole-opening equipment to complete the excavation at the designed depth of 0.5 m; S6. Repeat S1 to S5 to complete the excavation of the surrounding rock cavern.

[0024] The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock caverns has been successfully used in the ventilation and safety tunnel and traffic tunnel of the Burqin Pumped Storage Power Station in Xinjiang. The ventilation and safety tunnel and the traffic tunnel are biotite gneiss with relatively developed fault structures. The surrounding rock caverns are excavated using mechanical excavation methods, which effectively controls the over-excavation of the caverns, ensures safety and quality, and greatly improves the construction progress.

[0025] Example 8 The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock cavern proposed in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: S1. Support the cavern roof arch, excavate the cavern face 1 and lay out the contour line; S2, using drilling equipment to drill a number of contour holes 2 along the contour line; The drilling equipment is a single-arm drilling rig; The depth of the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.7m-0.8m, and the spacing between the plurality of contour holes 2 is 0.8m-1.0m; S3, using a hole-opening device to excavate a center hole 3 at a position slightly below the center of the tunnel face, and using an excavation device to excavate layer by layer along the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3; The drilling equipment is a hydraulic hammer; the depth of the center hole 3 is 0.5m-0.6m, and the diameter of the center hole 3 is 1.5m-2.0m; the excavation equipment is a hydraulic backhoe; the excavation thickness of each layer is 0.5m-0.6m; S4, excavate the upper part and both sides of the center hole 3 to the designed depth of 0.5 m, use the hole-opening equipment to open two rows of excavation holes 4 at the lower part of the center hole 3, and then use the excavation equipment to excavate the cavern face 1 at the lower part of the center hole 3 from top to bottom to the designed depth of 0.5 m; The depth of the two rows of excavated holes 4 is 0.5m-0.6m, the diameter of the two rows of excavated holes 4 is 0.7m-0.8m, the row distance of the two rows of excavated holes 4 is 1.8m-2.0m, and the spacing between the two rows of excavated holes 4 is 2.5m-3.0m; S5. After the excavation is completed, measurements are taken, the under-excavated positions are marked, and the under-excavated positions are chiseled out using hole-opening equipment to complete the excavation at the designed depth of 0.5 m; S6. Repeat S1 to S5 to complete the excavation of the surrounding rock cavern.

[0026] The mechanical excavation method of surrounding rock caverns has been successfully used in the ventilation and safety tunnel and traffic tunnel of the Burqin Pumped Storage Power Station in Xinjiang. The ventilation and safety tunnel and the traffic tunnel are biotite gneiss with relatively developed fault structures. The surrounding rock caverns are excavated using mechanical excavation methods, which effectively controls the over-excavation of the caverns, ensures safety and quality, and greatly improves the construction progress.

Claims

1. A mechanical excavation method for surrounding rock caverns, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Support the cavern roof arch, excavate the cavern face (1) and lay out the contour line; S2, using a drilling device to drill a plurality of contour holes (2) along the contour line; S3, using a hole-opening device to excavate a center hole (3) at a position slightly below the center of the tunnel face, and using an excavation device to excavate layer by layer along the upper part and both sides of the center hole (3); S4, excavating the upper part and both sides of the center hole (3) to a designed depth of 0.5 m, using a hole-opening device to open two rows of excavation holes (4) at the lower part of the center hole (3), and then using an excavation device to excavate the cavern face (1) at the lower part of the center hole (3) in a top-down order to a designed depth of 0.5 m; S5. After the excavation is completed, measurements are taken, the under-excavated positions are marked, and the under-excavated positions are chiseled out using hole-opening equipment to complete the excavation at the designed depth of 0.5 m; S6. Repeat S1 to S5 to complete the excavation of the surrounding rock cavern.

2. The mechanical excavation method for surrounding rock caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling equipment described in S2 is a single-arm drilling rig.

3. The mechanical excavation method for surrounding rock caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the plurality of contour holes (2) in S2 is 0.7 m-0.8 m, and the spacing between the plurality of contour holes (2) is 0.8 m-1.0 m.

4. The mechanical excavation method for surrounding rock caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hole-opening device in S3 is a hydraulic hammer.

5. The mechanical excavation method for surrounding rock caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the central hole (3) in S3 is 0.5m-0.6m, and the diameter of the central hole (3) is 1.5m-2.0m.

6. The mechanical excavation method for surrounding rock caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excavation equipment described in S3 is a hydraulic backhoe.

7. The mechanical excavation method for surrounding rock caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the layer-by-layer excavation described in S3 is 0.5m-0.6m.

8. The mechanical excavation method for surrounding rock caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the depth of the two rows of excavated holes (4) is 0.5m-0.6m, the diameter of the two rows of excavated holes (4) is 0.7m-0.8m, the row spacing of the two rows of excavated holes (4) is 1.8m-2.0m, and the spacing between the two rows of excavated holes (4) is 2.5m-3.0m.

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