Method for measuring and calculating atmospheric particulate emission on exposed ground

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring and calculating the discharge amount of atmospheric particulates on an exposed ground, and belongs to the technical field of atmospheric pollution control, and the method comprises the steps: determining the total amount of substances needing to be transported according to the mechanical cargo capacity of a vehicle and data information of the exposed ground, and calculating the discharge amount of atmospheric particulates on the exposed ground according to the total amount of substances, cargo capacity information and data information of the exposed ground; and determining the total driving mileage of the vehicle machinery needing to carry out material transportation as the vehicle machinery activity intensity, and then obtaining the flying dust particulate matter emission amount generated by vehicle machinery driving based on the vehicle machinery driving flying dust particulate matter emission factor and the vehicle machinery activity intensity, thereby realizing measurement and calculation of the atmospheric particulate matter emission amount. According to the vehicle operation mechanical strength obtained through the method, the actual vehicle mechanical working form is considered, the reliability of the obtained vehicle mechanical operation strength is guaranteed, and therefore accurate quantification of the bare ground dust particulate matter emission amount is achieved on the basis of reliable vehicle mechanical operation strength obtaining.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of air pollution prevention and control, and in particular to a method for calculating the emission of atmospheric particulate matter on bare ground. Background Art

[0002] Dust sources are mainly caused by factors such as vehicles, material transportation and wind, and dust sources are unorganized open sources with uncertain source strength, random emissions and difficulty in quantification. Although traditional fixed monitoring instruments and manual field surveys have high accuracy in dust source analysis, they require investment in hardware equipment and human resources, resulting in increased analysis costs. In addition, manual field surveys are time-consuming and labor-intensive, and efficiency is difficult to guarantee. Therefore, this traditional method is difficult to adapt to dust sources that are widely distributed and change rapidly in a short period of time.

[0003] Bare ground is the main source of dust. On the one hand, bare ground generates dust under the action of wind, and more importantly, vehicles and machinery driving on bare ground generate stronger dust emissions. However, unlike urban roads, urban roads can obtain traffic flow data through traffic models, video data and other means, but bare ground lacks observation and simulation methods, so it is difficult to obtain data on the activity intensity of vehicles and machinery. The lack of vehicle and machinery driving data makes it almost impossible to quantify the emission of dust particles on bare ground. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of obtaining vehicle and machinery driving data on bare ground in order to quantify the emission of dust particles on bare ground. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the emission of atmospheric particulate matter on the bare ground, so as to solve the problem that the emission of dust particulate matter on the bare ground cannot be accurately quantified due to the inability to accurately obtain the driving data of vehicles and machinery on the bare ground.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the method of the present invention uses remote sensing image data to obtain the required information, calculates the vehicle mechanical activity intensity on the exposed ground and the vehicle mechanical driving dust particle emission factor based on the information, determines the dust particle emission generated by the vehicle mechanical driving based on the activity intensity and the emission factor, and calculates the atmospheric particle emission in the area to be measured based on the dust particle emission generated by the vehicle mechanical driving. Specifically, the method includes the following steps:

[0006] 1) Obtain remote sensing image data of the area to be measured, and obtain the location of each exposed ground in the area to be measured, the type of exposed ground, the geometric information of the exposed ground, and the distribution information of vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground based on the remote sensing image data;

[0007] 2) Obtain the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity on each exposed ground and the emission factor of dust particles from vehicle mechanical driving;

[0008] When the type of the bare ground is such that vehicles and machinery are required to transport materials from the surrounding areas of the bare ground on the bare ground, the vehicle and machinery activity intensity on the bare ground is as follows: determining the vehicle and machinery cargo information according to the correspondence between the vehicle and machinery type in the distribution information and the vehicle and machinery cargo capacity, determining the total amount of materials required for material transportation according to the correspondence between the type of the bare ground and the geometric information and the amount of materials required to be transported, and determining the total mileage of the vehicles and machinery required for material transportation on the bare soil road of the bare ground according to the total amount of materials, cargo capacity information and geometric information, wherein the total mileage is the vehicle and machinery activity intensity;

[0009] According to the corresponding relationship between the type of vehicle machinery and the type of bare ground where the vehicle machinery is located and the emission factor of dust particles caused by the vehicle machinery, determine the emission factor of dust particles caused by the vehicle machinery traveling under the type of bare ground;

[0010] 3) The dust particle emission generated by vehicle mechanical driving is obtained based on the product of the dust particle emission factor and the vehicle mechanical activity intensity, and the atmospheric particulate emission in the area to be measured is calculated based on the dust particle emission generated by vehicle mechanical driving.

[0011] The method of the present invention has the following advantages: First, the present invention takes into account that the process of vehicle driving on the bare ground may be based on the need to transport materials around the bare ground, such as transporting crops or transporting building materials. Therefore, in this process, the activity intensity of the vehicle machinery can be quantified as the total mileage of the vehicle to transport the materials that need to be transported, and then the total mileage is obtained by confirming the process of the vehicle machinery to transport the materials. The total mileage is the operating intensity of the vehicle machinery. The vehicle operating mechanical intensity obtained by this method takes into account the actual working form of the vehicle machinery, so the data of the operating intensity of the vehicle machinery obtained is in line with reality, that is, the reliability of the operating intensity of the vehicle machinery obtained is guaranteed. And in the present invention, the total amount of materials that need to be transported and the cargo capacity of the vehicle can accurately obtain the number of times the vehicle machinery needs to transport materials, that is, the number of times it needs to travel on the bare ground, and then after obtaining the total road length of the bare ground and the proportion of bare soil roads, the operating mileage of the vehicle machinery on the bare soil road of the bare ground can be accurately determined, ensuring the accuracy of the vehicle machinery driving data obtained.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention determines the driving dust particle emission factors of corresponding vehicles and machinery under different types based on different types of exposed ground. Therefore, the obtained driving dust particle emission factors are in line with the actual conditions of the corresponding exposed ground types, and are a reliable data measurement process, thereby ensuring the reliability of the obtained driving dust particle emission factors. Therefore, the present invention uses the product of the actual vehicle and machinery driving dust particle emission factors and the accurate vehicle and machinery acquisition to obtain the dust particle emissions generated by the vehicle and machinery driving. The obtained dust particle emissions generated by the vehicle and machinery driving are the results that conform to the actual conditions under the corresponding bare land types, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the results. Therefore, the method of the present invention realizes the accurate quantification of emissions generated by the driving of vehicles and machinery on exposed ground, and then based on the accurate quantification results combined with the dust particle emissions generated by other dust factors, it is possible to accurately quantify the total bare ground dust particle emissions.

[0013] In addition, in order to enhance the accuracy of the results, the present invention uses high-precision satellite remote sensing images when acquiring data, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the acquired data, and then based on accurate data, the accuracy of the results obtained using a practical measurement process is improved.

[0014] Optionally, in step 2), the corresponding relationship between the type and geometric information of the exposed ground and the amount of material to be transported is:

[0015] m f =Y i ×A f ;

[0016] Among them, m f is the total amount of material that needs to be transported, Y i is the mass per unit area of ​​substance i corresponding to the type of bare ground, A f is the area of ​​the region where material i is located in the geometric information.

[0017] Optionally, in step 2), the total mileage U of the vehicle machinery that needs to transport the material on the bare soil road on the bare ground is determined based on the total amount of material, cargo capacity information and geometric information. f The calculation formula is:

[0018]

[0019] Among them, T j is the cargo capacity of the vehicle machinery for material i in the cargo capacity information, L c is the average length of roads per unit area in the area where material i is located in the geometric information, P c It is the ratio of the length of bare land roads to the total road length in the geometric information.

[0020] The method of the present invention obtains the total amount of material by the mass of the material to be transported per unit area and the actual area of ​​the material to be transported on the bare ground. For example, if the material to be transported is crops, the total yield of the crops on the bare ground can be accurately obtained by multiplying the unit area yield of the crops by the area of ​​the field. The total amount of material determined based on this method is the total amount of material required for transportation by vehicles. Then, according to the corresponding vehicle machinery cargo capacity information, that is, how much material the vehicle can load each time, the actual number of vehicle transportations is calculated by division. The actual number of transportations is the number of times the vehicle needs to run on the bare ground. Then, the average length of the road per unit area, the total area of ​​the area, and the product of the length of the bare soil road in the total length can accurately determine the length of the bare soil road in the area. Then, the length of the bare soil road in the area is multiplied by the number of vehicle operations to determine the total mileage that the vehicle machinery needs to travel on the bare soil road on the bare ground. That is, this process of the present invention realizes the measurement of the activity intensity of the vehicle machinery on the bare soil on the bare ground.

[0021] Optionally, in step 2), the corresponding relationship between the type of vehicle machinery and the type of exposed ground where the vehicle machinery is located and the emission factor of dust particles during vehicle machinery driving is:

[0022]

[0023] Wherein, E is the emission factor of dust particles when the vehicle is traveling under the type of bare ground, k is the basic vehicle emission factor corresponding to the type of vehicle, s is the silt content in the road dust corresponding to the type of bare ground, S is the vehicle speed of the vehicle, M is the road dust humidity corresponding to the type of bare ground, C is the emission factor of exhaust emissions, braking and tire friction when the vehicle is traveling, p is the number of days with precipitation greater than 0.254 mm, snow is the number of days when the road is covered with snow corresponding to the type of bare ground, w is the average number of wheels of the vehicle, and W is the weight of the vehicle.

[0024] The process of obtaining the emission factor of dust particles caused by vehicle machinery driving in the method of the present invention not only takes into account the data information of the corresponding type of vehicle machinery but also takes into account the driving environment. Based on the above-mentioned calculation method, the emission factor of dust particles caused by vehicle machinery driving obtained is a result that conforms to the vehicle machinery and the environment in which the vehicle is located, and the result is reliable and accurate.

[0025] Optionally, in step 2), when the type of the bare ground is other types, the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity on the bare ground is: obtain the traffic flow information of known roads of the same type as the roads on the bare ground and the traffic flow per unit length of the known roads on the satellite map, and calculate the actual traffic flow information corresponding to the traffic flow per unit length of the bare ground on the satellite map at the same time according to the ratio of the traffic flow information of the known roads to the traffic flow per unit length of the known roads on the satellite map, and determine the total mileage of vehicles and machinery on the bare ground according to the actual traffic flow information, the total road length of the bare ground, and the ratio of bare soil roads on the bare ground to the total roads, and the total mileage is the vehicle mechanical activity intensity.

[0026] Optionally, the total mileage V of vehicles on the bare ground is determined according to the actual traffic flow information, the total road length of the bare ground, and the ratio of bare soil roads on the bare ground to the total roads. s The calculation formula is:

[0027] V s =D s ×L s ×M p ;

[0028]

[0029] Among them, D s is the actual traffic flow information on the bare ground, L s is the total length of the road exposed on the ground, M p The ratio of bare earth roads to total roads, F n is the traffic flow information of the known road, f n is the traffic volume per unit length of the known road on the satellite map, f m It is the traffic volume per unit length of the exposed ground on the satellite map at the same time.

[0030] The present invention takes into account that the movement of vehicles and machinery on the bare ground not only involves the transportation of materials on the surrounding areas of the bare ground, but also other random situations. For example, if there is no material that needs to be transported around the bare ground, the vehicles and machinery are merely passing over the bare ground, and dust particles will also be emitted due to the movement of the vehicles and machinery. Therefore, based on this situation, the present invention also proposes a corresponding method for measuring the intensity of vehicle and machinery activities. Specifically, the actual traffic flow information on the road to be measured is obtained through information on known roads, and then after the length of the road to be measured is obtained, the total vehicle and machinery activity intensity on the road to be measured can be obtained based on the product of the length and the traffic flow information. Moreover, the traffic flow information of known roads selected by the present invention is traffic flow information on roads of the same type as that of the area to be measured. The process of determining the actual traffic flow of the road to be measured is based on the ratio of the actual traffic flow information of the known roads to the traffic flow per unit length of the known roads on the satellite map, which is the same as the ratio of the actual traffic flow information of the road to be measured to the traffic flow per unit length on the satellite map of the road to be measured. That is, a method of obtaining the unknown traffic flow of the road to be measured using the known road information of the same type improves the reliability and accuracy of the traffic flow measurement results.

[0031] Optionally, in step 3), the step of calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions in the area to be measured based on the dust particle emissions generated by the movement of vehicle machinery includes: obtaining the wind erosion dust particle emission factor of the bare ground according to the wind erosion dust information of the exposed ground corresponding to the type of bare ground, determining the wind erosion dust particle emissions of the bare ground based on the wind erosion dust particle emission factor, and calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions based on the wind erosion dust particle emissions and the dust particle emissions generated by the movement of vehicle machinery.

[0032] Optionally, obtain the wind erosion dust particle emission factor E for bare ground s The calculation formula is:

[0033] E s =aICKL′V′;

[0034] Among them, a is the proportion of soil particulate matter loss entering the atmosphere, I is the soil wind erosion index, C is the climate factor, K is the ground roughness factor, L' is the unshielded width factor, and V' is the vegetation cover factor.

[0035] Optionally, the step of calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions in the area to be measured based on the dust particulate matter emissions generated by the movement of vehicles and machinery also includes: obtaining the dust particulate matter emission factor of the bare material operation process based on the material information corresponding to the exposed materials that need to perform material operations on the bare ground, and determining the dust particulate matter emissions in the bare material operation process based on the dust particulate matter emission factor of the bare material operation process; the sum of the dust particulate matter emissions generated by the movement of vehicles and machinery, the dust particulate matter emissions caused by wind erosion, and the dust particulate matter emissions in the bare material operation process is the atmospheric particulate matter emissions of the bare ground.

[0036] Optionally, obtain the dust particle emission factor E during the bare material operation process D The calculation formula is:

[0037]

[0038] Among them, k is the particle size coefficient of the material, U is the average wind speed, M is the moisture content of the material, and η is the efficiency of the control measure.

[0039] The present invention not only takes into account the main sources of dust generated by the exposed ground under the action of wind and the action of vehicles and machinery running on the exposed ground, but also takes into account that dust will be generated during the operation of exposed materials. For example, if the type of exposed ground requires vehicles and machinery to transport construction materials for construction sites around the exposed ground, dust will be generated not only by the action of wind and the movement of vehicles, but also by the loading operation of construction materials such as earth and stone. Therefore, the present invention proposes a method for measuring the emission of dust particles during the operation of exposed materials, and then comprehensively considers the dust particles generated by the driving action of vehicles and machinery, the action of wind and the operation of exposed materials, so as to achieve accurate measurement of the emission of atmospheric particulate matter on the exposed ground.

[0040] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the following specifically cites a preferred embodiment and describes it in detail with the accompanying drawings as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the method for measuring the emission of atmospheric particulate matter on bare ground of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a sub-meter satellite remote sensing image obtained in this embodiment.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a distribution map of different types of exposed ground obtained in this embodiment.

[0044] Figure 4 This is the distribution map of vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground obtained in this embodiment.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a distribution diagram of vehicle mechanical activity intensity on bare ground obtained by using the method of this embodiment.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a distribution map of dust particle emissions on the bare ground obtained by using the method of this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The technical scheme of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments described below are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be regarded as limiting the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0048] Example of a method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground

[0049] The method of this embodiment obtains the required data information through remote sensing images, and calculates the vehicle machinery activity intensity based on the data information combined with the reason why the vehicle machinery is traveling on the bare ground. After determining the corresponding vehicle driving dust particle emission factor based on the vehicle machinery activity intensity, the dust particle emission generated by the vehicle machinery driving can be determined, and then the dust particle emission generated by the wind action is combined to realize the measurement of atmospheric particle emission on the bare ground. The method of this embodiment solves the problem that it is difficult to obtain vehicle machinery activity intensity data due to the lack of observation and simulation means on the bare ground, and the acquisition process of vehicle machinery activity intensity data is realized based on the method of this embodiment, without the need to re-invest in corresponding observation equipment in the area to be measured. Therefore, the method of this embodiment saves costs and improves efficiency while realizing accurate quantification of dust particles on the bare ground.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, the method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0051] 1) Obtaining data on exposed ground and vehicle machinery distribution based on satellite remote sensing images.

[0052] This embodiment obtains the data information required in subsequent steps based on the remote sensing image data, such as the location of each exposed ground in the area to be measured, the type of exposed ground, the geometric information of the exposed ground, and the distribution information of vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground.

[0053] This embodiment uses the method of obtaining sub-meter-level remote sensing satellite image data of the study area (such as Figure 2 ), and process the video by orthophoto and fusion, and interpret the distribution of exposed ground in the area (such as Figure 3 ), the types of exposed ground interpreted include construction sites, other bare ground, gardens and green land, and agricultural land. The distribution of exposed ground includes the location, shape, area, coverage, or dust control measures of the bare ground. The distribution results of vehicles and machinery include the location, type (such as Figure 4 ).

[0054] 2) Obtain the intensity of vehicle mechanical activities on each exposed ground and the emission factor of dust particles caused by vehicle mechanical driving.

[0055] The vehicle machinery activity intensity of this embodiment refers to the mileage of vehicle machinery on bare ground, and the calculation method is divided into different bare ground types, considering vehicle activity assumptions, distinguishing land use types, distinguishing different seasons, distinguishing vehicle mileage due to crop harvest and transportation and other mileage.

[0056] This embodiment classifies the types of exposed ground by considering the reasons for vehicle machinery activities, so as to calculate the activity intensity of vehicle machinery on the exposed ground under different activity reasons. For example, considering the existence of agricultural land or construction sites on the bare ground (i.e., around the bare earth road on the bare ground), in this case, vehicle machinery is required to transport materials from the agricultural land or construction site on the bare earth road, so vehicle machinery activities will be generated. At this time, the vehicle machinery activity intensity is based on the correspondence between the vehicle machinery type and the vehicle machinery cargo capacity in the distribution information to determine the vehicle machinery cargo capacity information, and the total amount of material that needs to be transported is determined according to the type of bare ground and the correspondence between the geometric information and the amount of material to be transported. According to the total amount of material, cargo capacity information and geometric information, the total mileage of the vehicle machinery that needs to transport materials on the bare earth road on the exposed ground is determined, and the total mileage is used as the vehicle machinery activity intensity.

[0057] Among them, the corresponding relationship between the type and geometric information of the exposed ground and the amount of material to be transported is: the type of exposed ground corresponds to the amount of material i per unit area Y i , and the area A of the region where material i is located f The product of is the total amount of material that needs to be transported m f Determine the total mileage U that vehicles and machinery need to travel on the bare soil road on the exposed ground to transport materials. f The calculation formula is:

[0058]

[0059] Among them, Tj is the cargo capacity of the vehicle machinery for material i in the cargo capacity information, L c is the average length of roads per unit area in the area where material i is located in the geometric information, P c It is the ratio of the length of bare land roads to the total road length in the geometric information.

[0060] Based on the above analysis, when calculating the intensity of vehicle mechanical activities caused by crop transportation on agricultural land, U f is the mileage on the bare soil road in the exposed agricultural land area f (in km), Y i is the yield per unit area of ​​crop i, A f is the area of ​​field f, T j is the cargo capacity of vehicle i used to transport crops, L c is the average length of roads per unit area of ​​agricultural land, P c It is the ratio of the length of bare soil roads to the total length of agricultural land roads.

[0061] When calculating the mechanical activity intensity of vehicles on bare land at construction sites due to earthwork transportation, U f is the mileage on the bare soil road in the exposed area f of the construction site (in km), Y i is the weight of earth and stone per unit area of ​​construction material i on the construction site, A f is the area of ​​the construction site f, T j is the cargo capacity of vehicle i used to transport construction materials, L c is the average length of roads per unit area in the construction site, P c It is the ratio of the length of bare soil road to the total length of construction site roads.

[0062] Secondly, in order to comprehensively consider all reasons for vehicle and machinery travel, this embodiment also designs a method for calculating the vehicle and machinery activity intensity for other types of bare ground where there is no material required for vehicle and machinery transportation around the bare ground: obtain the traffic flow information of known roads of the same type as the roads on the bare ground and the traffic flow per unit length of the known roads on the satellite map; calculate the actual traffic flow information corresponding to the traffic flow per unit length of the bare ground on the satellite map at the same time based on the ratio of the traffic flow information of the known roads to the traffic flow per unit length of the known roads on the satellite map; determine the total mileage of vehicles and machinery on the bare ground based on the actual traffic flow information, the total road length of the bare ground, and the ratio of bare soil roads on the bare ground to the total roads; and the total mileage is the required vehicle and machinery activity intensity.

[0063] The calculation method for determining the mechanical activity intensity of vehicles in other bare land and other stages in this embodiment is:

[0064] 1. Get traffic flow:

[0065] The vehicle estimates the traffic volume of the road through satellite video, and uses the road with known traffic volume as a reference to estimate the traffic volume of the target road. The formula is:

[0066]

[0067] Among them, F n is the traffic flow information of the known road (unit: vehicle / d), f n is the traffic volume per unit length of the known road on the satellite map (unit: vehicle / day), F m is the actual traffic flow information on the bare ground (unit: vehicle / day), f m It is the traffic volume per unit length of bare ground on the satellite map at the same time (unit: vehicles / day).

[0068] 2. Obtain the total mileage V of the vehicle on the bare ground s The calculation formula (unit km) is:

[0069] V s =D s ×L s ×M p ;

[0070] Among them, D s is the actual traffic flow information on the bare ground (i.e., the F calculated above). m ), L s is the total length of roads exposed to the ground (in km), M p The ratio of bare earth roads with exposed ground to total roads.

[0071] The mileage distribution diagram of the mechanical activity intensity of vehicles on bare ground obtained by the method of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 5 As shown. In this implementation, when calculating the mechanical driving intensity of vehicles on other types of bare land, the selected known road traffic flow information is the traffic flow information on the road of the same type as the area to be measured, based on the ratio of the actual traffic flow information of the known road to the traffic flow per unit length of the known road on the satellite map, and the same method as the ratio of the actual traffic flow information of the road to be measured to the traffic flow per unit length on the satellite map of the road to be measured, the actual traffic flow of the road to be measured is determined, that is, the method of using the known road information of the same type to obtain the unknown traffic flow of the road to be measured, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the traffic flow measurement results.

[0072] Based on the determination of the vehicle mechanical driving intensity described above in this embodiment, after obtaining the dust particle emission factor of the vehicle mechanical driving, the dust particle emission amount generated by the vehicle mechanical driving can be determined.

[0073] The method for determining the emission factor of dust particles from vehicle machinery driving in this embodiment is determined based on the corresponding relationship between the type of vehicle machinery and the type of bare ground where the vehicle machinery is located and the emission factor of dust particles from vehicle machinery driving, and the corresponding relationship between the type of vehicle machinery and the type of bare ground where the vehicle machinery is located and the emission factor of dust particles from vehicle machinery driving is:

[0074]

[0075] Wherein, E is the emission factor of dust particles when the vehicle machinery is traveling under the type of bare ground, in g / (km·vehicle), k is the basic vehicle emission factor corresponding to the type of vehicle machinery, and the value can be set accordingly according to the actual situation. For example, 558 g / (km·vehicle) is used in this embodiment. s is the content of silt (particles that can pass through a 200-mesh standard sieve) in the road dust corresponding to the type of bare ground (the value is a percentage value), S is the vehicle speed of the vehicle machinery, in km / h, M is the road dust humidity corresponding to the type of bare ground (the value is a percentage value), C is the emission factor of exhaust emissions, braking and tire friction when the vehicle machinery is traveling, and the value can be set accordingly according to the actual situation. For example, 0.1317 g / (km·vehicle) is used in this embodiment. p is the number of days with precipitation greater than 0.254 mm, snow is the number of days when the road is covered with snow corresponding to the type of bare ground, w is the average number of wheels of the vehicle machinery, and W is the weight of the vehicle machinery, in tons.

[0076] Based on the above analysis, this embodiment provides two methods for calculating the emission factor of dust particles during vehicle travel. Therefore, a specific method can be selected according to the acquired data to achieve the determination of the emission factor of dust particles during vehicle travel.

[0077] 3) Determine the atmospheric particulate matter emissions in the area to be measured.

[0078] This embodiment obtains the dust particle emission amount generated by vehicle mechanical driving based on the product of the vehicle mechanical driving dust particle emission factor and the vehicle mechanical activity intensity, and calculates the atmospheric particulate matter emission amount in the area to be measured based on the dust particle emission amount generated by vehicle mechanical driving.

[0079] In this embodiment, it is considered that bare ground is the main source of dust generation. On the one hand, bare ground generates dust under the action of wind, and on the other hand, vehicles and machinery driving on bare ground generate stronger dust emissions. Therefore, this embodiment not only measures the dust particle emissions generated by vehicle and machinery driving, but also measures the wind erosion dust particle emissions of bare ground. This embodiment uses the wind erosion dust information of bare ground corresponding to the type of bare ground to obtain the wind erosion dust particle emission factor of bare ground, and determines the wind erosion dust particle emissions of bare ground based on the wind erosion dust particle emission factor.

[0080] This example obtains the wind erosion dust particle emission factor E of the bare ground s (Unit: g / m 2 ) is calculated as:

[0081] E s =aICKL′V′;

[0082] Where a is the proportion of soil particulate matter loss entering the atmosphere, TSP is taken as 0.038, I is the soil wind erosion index, C is the climate factor, dimensionless, K is the ground roughness factor, dimensionless, L' is the unshielded width factor, dimensionless (the width of the unprotected area in the direction of the dominant wind direction), when the unshielded width is less than or equal to 300m, it is 0.7, when it is greater than 600m, it is 1.0, V' is the vegetation cover factor, dimensionless, and it is 1 when the ground is completely exposed.

[0083] Secondly, the method of this embodiment not only takes into account the main sources of dust generated by the exposed ground under the action of wind and the dust generated by vehicles and machinery traveling on the exposed ground, but also takes into account that bare materials will also generate dust during operation. For example, if the type of bare ground is that vehicles and machinery are required to transport construction materials to the construction site around the bare ground, dust will be generated not only by the action of wind and the movement of vehicles, but also during the loading operation of construction materials such as earth and stone. Therefore, the present invention proposes a method for measuring the emission of dust particles during the operation process of bare materials.

[0084] The method for determining the dust particle emission amount during the operation of bare materials in this embodiment is as follows: according to the material information corresponding to the bare materials that need to be operated on the bare ground, the dust particle emission factor during the operation of bare materials is obtained, and the dust particle emission amount during the operation of bare materials is determined based on the dust particle emission factor during the operation of bare materials, wherein the dust particle emission factor E during the operation of bare materials is obtained. D The calculation formula is:

[0085]

[0086] Among them, k is the particle size coefficient of the material, U is the average wind speed, M is the moisture content of the material, and η is the efficiency of the control measure.

[0087] The dust particle emission distribution diagram on the bare ground obtained by using the method of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 6 As shown. This embodiment can achieve accurate measurement of the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on the bare ground by comprehensively considering the dust particles generated by the driving of vehicles and machinery, wind power, and the operation of exposed materials. It solves the problem that the data on the driving activity of vehicles and machinery on the bare ground cannot be obtained, which can greatly improve the accuracy of data acquisition, improve the calculation accuracy of dust particle emissions on the bare ground, and avoid increasing the hardware investment such as monitoring equipment.

[0088] Although the present invention has been described in detail above by general description and specific embodiments, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that some modifications or improvements can be made to the present invention. Therefore, these modifications or improvements made without departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground, characterized in that: The steps include: 1) Obtain remote sensing image data of the area to be measured, and obtain the location of each exposed ground in the area to be measured, the type of exposed ground, the geometric information of the exposed ground, and the distribution information of vehicles and machinery on the exposed ground based on the remote sensing image data; 2) Obtain the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity on each exposed ground and the emission factor of dust particles from vehicle mechanical driving; When the type of the bare ground is such that vehicles and machinery are required to transport materials from the surrounding areas of the bare ground on the bare ground, the vehicle and machinery activity intensity on the bare ground is as follows: determining the vehicle and machinery cargo information according to the correspondence between the vehicle and machinery type in the distribution information and the vehicle and machinery cargo capacity, determining the total amount of materials required for material transportation according to the correspondence between the type of the bare ground and the geometric information and the amount of materials required to be transported, and determining the total mileage of the vehicles and machinery required for material transportation on the bare soil road of the bare ground according to the total amount of materials, cargo capacity information and geometric information, wherein the total mileage is the vehicle and machinery activity intensity; According to the corresponding relationship between the type of vehicle machinery and the type of bare ground where the vehicle machinery is located and the emission factor of dust particles caused by the vehicle machinery, determine the emission factor of dust particles caused by the vehicle machinery traveling under the type of bare ground; 3) The dust particle emission generated by vehicle mechanical driving is obtained based on the product of the dust particle emission factor and the vehicle mechanical activity intensity, and the atmospheric particulate emission in the area to be measured is calculated based on the dust particle emission generated by vehicle mechanical driving.

2. The method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the corresponding relationship between the type and geometric information of the exposed ground and the amount of material to be transported is: m f =Y i ×A f ; Among them, m f is the total amount of material that needs to be transported, Y i is the mass per unit area of ​​substance i corresponding to the type of bare ground, A f is the area of ​​the region where material i is located in the geometric information.

3. The method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step 2), the total mileage U required for the vehicle to transport the material on the bare soil road on the bare ground is determined based on the total amount of material, cargo capacity information and geometric information. f The calculation formula is: Among them, T j is the cargo capacity of the vehicle machinery for material i in the cargo capacity information, L c is the average length of roads per unit area in the area where material i is located in the geometric information, P c It is the ratio of the length of bare land roads to the total road length in the geometric information.

4. The method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the corresponding relationship between the type of vehicle machinery and the type of exposed ground where the vehicle machinery is located and the emission factor of dust particles during vehicle machinery driving is: or Wherein, E is the emission factor of dust particles when the vehicle is traveling under the type of bare ground, k is the basic vehicle emission factor corresponding to the type of vehicle, s is the silt content in the road dust corresponding to the type of bare ground, S is the vehicle speed of the vehicle, M is the road dust humidity corresponding to the type of bare ground, C is the emission factor of exhaust emissions, braking and tire friction when the vehicle is traveling, p is the number of days with precipitation greater than 0.254 mm, snow is the number of days when the road is covered with snow corresponding to the type of bare ground, w is the average number of wheels of the vehicle, and W is the weight of the vehicle.

5. The method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), when the type of the bare ground is other types, the intensity of vehicle mechanical activity on the bare ground is: obtain the traffic flow information of known roads of the same type as the road on the bare ground and the traffic flow per unit length of the known road on the satellite map, calculate the actual traffic flow information corresponding to the traffic flow per unit length of the bare ground on the satellite map at the same time according to the ratio of the traffic flow information of the known road to the traffic flow per unit length of the known road on the satellite map, and determine the total mileage of vehicles and machinery on the bare ground according to the actual traffic flow information, the total road length of the bare ground and the ratio of bare soil roads on the bare ground to the total roads, and the total mileage is the vehicle mechanical activity intensity.

6. The method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground according to claim 5, characterized in that: The total mileage V of vehicles on the bare ground is determined based on the actual traffic flow information, the total road length of the bare ground, and the ratio of the bare earth roads on the bare ground to the total roads. s The calculation formula is: V s =D s ×L s ×M p ; Among them, D s is the actual traffic flow information on the bare ground, L s is the total road length exposed on the ground, M p The ratio of bare earth roads to total roads, F n is the traffic flow information of the known road, f n is the traffic volume per unit length of the known road on the satellite map, f m It is the traffic volume per unit length of the exposed ground on the satellite map at the same time.

7. The method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the step of calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions in the area to be measured based on the dust particle emissions generated by the movement of vehicles and machinery includes: obtaining the wind erosion dust particle emission factor of the bare ground according to the wind erosion dust information of the exposed ground corresponding to the type of the bare ground, determining the wind erosion dust particle emissions of the bare ground based on the wind erosion dust particle emission factor, and calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions based on the wind erosion dust particle emissions and the dust particle emissions generated by the movement of vehicles and machinery.

8. The method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground according to claim 7, characterized in that: Obtain the emission factor E of wind-eroded dust particles on bare ground s The calculation formula is: E s =aICKL’V’; Among them, a is the proportion of soil particulate matter loss entering the atmosphere, I is the soil wind erosion index, C is the climate factor, K is the ground roughness factor, L' is the unshielded width factor, and V' is the vegetation cover factor.

9. The method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step of calculating the atmospheric particulate matter emissions in the area to be measured based on the dust particulate matter emissions generated by the movement of vehicles and machinery also includes: obtaining the dust particulate matter emission factor of the bare material operation process based on the material information corresponding to the exposed materials that need to perform material operations on the bare ground, and determining the dust particulate matter emissions in the bare material operation process based on the dust particulate matter emission factor of the bare material operation process; the sum of the dust particulate matter emissions generated by the movement of vehicles and machinery, the wind erosion dust particulate matter emissions and the dust particulate matter emissions in the bare material operation process is the atmospheric particulate matter emissions of the bare ground.

10. The method for calculating the amount of atmospheric particulate matter emissions on bare ground according to claim 9, characterized in that: Obtain dust particle emission factor E during bare material operation D The calculation formula is: Among them, k is the particle size coefficient of the material, U is the average wind speed, M is the moisture content of the material, and η is the efficiency of the control measure.

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