Broadband dual-polarization patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a broadband dual-polarization patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, and relates to the technical field of wireless communication. The antenna is composed of a probe, a square patch, a trapezoidal patch and a cavity. The square patch is arranged in the cavity, a feed structure is arranged below the bottom of the cavity, one end of the probe penetrates through the bottom of the cavity and is connected with the square patch, and the other end of the probe is connected with the feed structure; a square patch metal column is arranged in the center of the bottom of the square patch, the upper end of the square patch metal column is connected with the square patch, and the lower end of the square patch metal column is connected with the bottom of the cavity; the trapezoidal patch is arranged above the square patch, trapezoidal patch metal columns are arranged on the two sides of the bottom of the trapezoidal patch, the upper ends of the trapezoidal patch metal columns are connected with the trapezoidal patch, and the lower ends of the trapezoidal patch metal columns are connected with the bottom of the cavity; the cavity is a cuboid without an upper surface and surrounds the whole antenna structure; the antenna can generate + / -45-degree dual polarization, has relatively wide working bandwidth and gain, and is suitable for a base station antenna in mobile communication.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communications, and in particular to a broadband dual-polarization patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of wireless communication technology, the performance requirements of communication systems are also constantly increasing, especially in terms of coverage and communication capacity. It has become a trend to develop high-performance antennas that send and receive various carrier signals. In mobile communications, dual-polarized antennas can effectively deal with multipath propagation problems. By simultaneously receiving signals of different polarizations, it can significantly reduce interference caused by reflection and scattering, and improve communication quality and stability. And through dual-polarized antennas, signal blind spots and weak signal areas can be reduced to ensure that users maintain good communication quality during movement. In addition, the broadband characteristics enable the antenna to cover multiple frequency bands and meet the needs of multi-band communications. At this time, traditional mobile communication base station antennas can no longer meet the needs. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, which is used to solve the problems of small coverage and low communication capacity of traditional antennas, reduce interference caused by reflection and scattering, and improve communication quality and stability.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention proposes a broadband dual-polarization patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, comprising: a probe, a square patch, a trapezoidal patch and a cavity; the square patch is arranged inside the cavity, the trapezoidal patch is arranged above the square patch, and a feeding structure is arranged below the bottom of the cavity; one end of the probe passes through the bottom of the cavity and is connected to the square patch, and the other end of the probe is connected to the feeding structure; the square patch is differentially fed by the probe, and the trapezoidal patch is coupled and fed by the square patch.

[0005] Preferably, the probes are feeding devices, which are divided into 2 groups, with 2 probes in each group.

[0006] Preferably, a square patch metal column is provided at the center of the bottom of the square patch, the upper end of the square patch metal column is connected to the square patch, and the lower end of the square patch metal column is connected to the bottom of the cavity for supporting the square patch.

[0007] Preferably, a rectangle of the same size is cut off from each of the four corners of the square patch.

[0008] Preferably, there are two groups of trapezoidal patches, two in each group and symmetrical about the center, and each group is arranged above the square patch at ±45°, with an air layer of a certain height between the two, which is used to produce ±45° linear polarization; a rectangle of the same size is cut off in the middle of the tail of each trapezoidal patch, and a trapezoidal patch metal column is respectively arranged on both sides of the cut-off part, and the trapezoidal patch metal column is used to support the trapezoidal patch.

[0009] Preferably, the number of the trapezoidal patch metal columns is 8, the upper ends of the trapezoidal patch metal columns are connected to the trapezoidal patch, and the lower ends of the trapezoidal patch metal columns are connected to the bottom of the cavity.

[0010] Preferably, the feeding structure comprises an upper cylindrical conductor and a lower cylindrical conductor, the upper cylindrical conductor covers the upper surface of the lower cylindrical conductor, and the upper cylindrical conductor wraps the probe.

[0011] Preferably, the lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor is provided with a circular feeding surface having the same area as that of the lower surface thereof.

[0012] Preferably, the cavity is a rectangular parallelepiped with the upper surface removed, the bottom of which is located below the square patch and above the feeding structure, the entire antenna structure is arranged above the bottom of the cavity, and the four surfaces around the cavity surround the entire antenna structure.

[0013] Therefore, the present invention proposes a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] (1) The present invention uses two groups of identical trapezoidal patches and arranges them orthogonally above the square patch. By directly feeding the square patch, the two groups of trapezoidal patches above the square patch generate squares with two polarization directions of ±45° through electrical coupling and magnetic coupling, which can significantly reduce the interference problems caused by reflection and scattering. The antenna as a whole has the characteristics of simple structure and easy processing.

[0015] (2) The present invention adopts a differential feeding method when feeding the square patch. The differential feeding method can more accurately control the polarization characteristics of the dual-polarized antenna, reduce cross-polarization interference, improve polarization purity, significantly improve signal coverage and quality, reduce interference, and improve user experience;

[0016] (3) The present invention can change the input impedance of the antenna by cutting off rectangles of the same size at the four corners of the square patch, thereby achieving better impedance matching. Good impedance matching can reduce reflection loss; cutting off the rectangular part at the bottom of the trapezoidal patch can help adjust the polarization mode, reduce cross-polarization interference, and improve polarization purity. At the same time, it can also adjust the square radiation pattern of the antenna so that its square characteristics are more in line with specific application requirements.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of dimension marking in a top view of an embodiment of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of dimension marking in a front view state of an embodiment of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a simulation result diagram of the reflection coefficient of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a simulation result diagram of the gain of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on a hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a simulation result diagram of 12-port isolation of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 8 The invention discloses a square radiation pattern of a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology at 4750MHz;

[0026] Fig. 9 This is a simulation result diagram of the real and imaginary parts of the input impedance of a broadband dual-polarization patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology of the present invention.

[0027] Reference numerals

[0028] 1. Cavity; 2. Trapezoidal patch; 3. Square patch; 4. Trapezoidal patch metal column; 5. Square patch metal column; 6. Probe; 7. Lower cylindrical conductor; 8. Upper cylindrical conductor; 9. Feed structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0030] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0031] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0032] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including a probe 6, a square patch 3, a trapezoidal patch 2, a feeding structure 9 and a cavity 1 surrounding the above structures;

[0034] The square patch 3 is arranged inside the cavity 1, and a rectangle of the same size is cut off from the four corners of the square patch 3. A square patch metal column 5 is arranged at the center of the bottom thereof, and the upper end of the square patch metal column 5 is connected to the square patch 3, and the lower end of the square patch metal column 5 is connected to the bottom of the cavity 1, for supporting the square patch 3;

[0035] There are two groups of trapezoidal patches 2, two in each group and symmetrical about the center, and each group is arranged above the square patch 3 at ±45° to produce ±45° linear polarization; a rectangle of the same size is cut off in the middle of the tail of each trapezoidal patch 2, and a trapezoidal patch metal column 4 is arranged on both sides of the cut-off part; the number of trapezoidal patch metal columns 4 is 8, the upper end of the trapezoidal patch metal column 4 is connected to the trapezoidal patch 2, and the lower end of the trapezoidal patch metal column 4 is connected to the bottom of the cavity 1 to support the trapezoidal patch 2.

[0036] The cavity 1 is a cuboid with the upper surface removed, and its bottom is located below the square patch 3 and above the feeding structure 9. The entire antenna structure is arranged above the bottom of the cavity 1, and the four surfaces around the cavity 1 surround the entire antenna structure.

[0037] The feeding structure 9 includes an upper cylindrical conductor 8 and a lower cylindrical conductor 7. The upper cylindrical conductor 8 covers the upper surface of the lower cylindrical conductor 7. The upper cylindrical conductor 8 wraps the probe 6, and its lower surface is also provided with a circular feeding surface with the same area as its lower surface, which is directly connected to the probe 6.

[0038] The probes 6 are divided into two groups, with two probes in each group. One end of each probe 6 is connected to the corresponding coaxially arranged feeding structure 9 below the bottom of the cavity 1, and the other end passes through the bottom of the cavity 1 to be connected to the square patch 3; the square patch 3 is differentially fed by the two groups of probes 6.

[0039] The following is a further explanation of the characteristics of the dual-polarization patch antenna combined with experiments.

[0040] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown in the experiment, in the experiment, taking the impedance bandwidth of 3300-4900MHz as an example, the optimal size is optimized as follows: the length and width of the bottom surface of cavity 1 are both G L =90mm, height is H g =9mm, the overall thickness of cavity 1 is T P =0.5mm; the length of the square patch 3 with the four corners cut off in the 45° direction is L P =41.6mm, width W P =24.6mm, length in -45° direction is L P =42mm, width W P =26mm, the height of the square patch metal column 5 from the bottom of the cavity 1 is H1=2.9mm, and the radius of the square patch metal column 5 is R1=2mm; the trapezoidal patch 2, the upper bottom length L d1 =4.67mm, bottom length L up =25mm, the height of the rectangle including the bottom edge is W up =23mm; the length of the rectangle cut off from the bottom of trapezoidal patch 2 is Ld2 =7.6mm, width W d1 =4mm, the height of the trapezoidal patch metal column 4 is H2=9.4mm, and the radius of the trapezoidal patch metal column 4 is R2=1.5mm; the diameter of the probe 6 is 0.65mm, and the length is Ht1=5.4mm; the feeding structure 9 is composed of an upper cylindrical conductor 8 wrapped around the probe 6 and a lower cylindrical conductor 7 below it, and is coaxial with the probe 6 and located below the ground plane. The radius of the upper cylindrical conductor 8 is R3=2mm, the radius of the lower cylindrical conductor 7 is R4=4mm, and the height is H t2 =2mm.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, it can be seen from the simulation results in the figure that the antenna works in a range of 3300-4900 MHz and has an absolute bandwidth of 1600 MHz. It has broadband characteristics and can meet the needs of multi-band communications.

[0042] like Figure 6 As shown in the figure, it can be seen from the results that the gain of the antenna in the 3300-4900MHz frequency band is above 10dB, which has a high gain characteristic.

[0043] like Figure 7 As shown in the figure, it can be seen from the results that the isolation of the antenna in the 3300-4900MHz frequency band is less than -49dB, which has a high isolation.

[0044] like Figure 8-9 As shown, it can be seen from the results in the figure that the antenna impedance matching is good.

[0045] Therefore, the broadband dual-polarization patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology proposed in the present invention adopts a differential feeding method to achieve high-purity dual polarization while having a wider bandwidth compared to traditional mobile communication base stations. It also has the advantages of simple structure and easy processing.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology, characterized in that: include: A probe, a square patch, a trapezoidal patch and a cavity; the square patch is arranged inside the cavity, the trapezoidal patch is arranged above the square patch, and a feeding structure is arranged below the bottom of the cavity; one end of the probe passes through the bottom of the cavity and is connected to the square patch, and the other end of the probe is connected to the feeding structure; the square patch is differentially fed by the probe, and the trapezoidal patch is coupled and fed by the square patch.

2. The broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The probes are feeding devices and are divided into two groups, with two probes in each group.

3. The broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A square patch metal column is arranged at the center of the bottom of the square patch, the upper end of the square patch metal column is connected to the square patch, and the lower end of the square patch metal column is connected to the bottom of the cavity.

4. The broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 3, characterized in that: A rectangle of the same size is cut off from each of the four corners of the square patch.

5. The broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two groups of trapezoidal patches, each group has two patches and are symmetrical about the center, and each group is arranged above the square patch at ±45°; a rectangle of the same size is cut off in the middle of the tail of each trapezoidal patch, and a trapezoidal patch metal column is arranged on both sides of the cut part.

6. The broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of the trapezoidal patch metal columns is 8, the upper ends of the trapezoidal patch metal columns are connected to the trapezoidal patch, and the lower ends of the trapezoidal patch metal columns are connected to the bottom of the cavity.

7. The broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding structure comprises an upper cylindrical conductor and a lower cylindrical conductor, wherein the upper cylindrical conductor covers the upper surface of the lower cylindrical conductor, and the upper cylindrical conductor wraps the probe.

8. The broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor is provided with a circular feeding surface with the same area as the lower surface thereof.

9. The broadband dual-polarized patch antenna based on hybrid electromagnetic coupling technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity is a cuboid with the upper surface removed, the bottom of which is located below the square patch and above the feeding structure, and the four surfaces around the cavity surround the entire antenna structure.

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