Radio frequency signal integrity verification

Abstract

One or more systems, devices and / or methods provided herein relate to processes for in-process radio frequency (RF) signal quality analysis and amplitude adjustment for one or more RF devices. In one or more embodiments, the RF device may include a portion of a quantum computing system, such as a portion of its readout electronics, and thus amplitude adjustment may be performed at a waveform generator that generates pulses to affect one or more qubits of a quantum logic circuit of the quantum computing system. Generally, an electronic device may include an RF tap connected to an RF signal component of a first RF signal chain, and an analysis component connected to the RF tap, the analysis component configured to convert an RF signal from the RF signal component and compare its conversion result to an expected power output based on historical data of a second RF signal chain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to radio frequency signal integrity verification, and more particularly to dynamic RF signal integrity verification, such as during an RF signal chain using an output RF signal. Background Art

[0002] In radio frequency electronic systems, diagnosing manufacturing, assembly and / or component failure issues can be challenging due to the downtime associated with the diagnosis. Summary of the invention

[0003] The following presents a summary of the invention to provide a basic understanding of one or more embodiments described herein. The summary of the invention is not intended to identify key or important elements, delineate the scope of a particular embodiment, or the scope of the claims. Its sole purpose is to present concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later. In one or more embodiments described herein, a system, a computer-implemented method, an apparatus, and / or a computer program product may provide a process to dynamically calibrate one or more components of a radio frequency (RF) signal chain based on dynamic diagnostics of the RF signal chain during use of the RF signal chain.

[0004] According to one embodiment, an electronic device may include an RF tap connected to an RF signal component of a first RF signal chain, and an analysis component connected to the RF tap, the analysis component configured to convert the RF signal from the RF signal component and compare its conversion result with an expected power output based on historical data of a second RF signal chain.

[0005] An advantage of the above-described electronic devices may generally be real-time diagnostic capabilities of the system's RF electronics.

[0006] According to another embodiment, a radio frequency diagnostic method may include: obtaining, by a system operatively coupled to a processor, an RF signal of a first radio frequency (RF) signal chain, converting, by the system, the RF signal into a conversion result, and comparing, by the system, the conversion result with an expected power output based on historical data of a second RF signal chain.

[0007] An advantage of the above-described approach may generally be real-time diagnostic capability of the system's RF electronics.

[0008] According to yet another embodiment, a computer program product facilitates a process of diagnosing one or more radio frequency components, the computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions implemented therewith, the program instructions being executable by a processor to cause the processor to: obtain, by the processor, an RF signal of a first radio frequency (RF) signal chain, convert, by the processor, the RF signal into a conversion result, and compare, by the processor, the conversion result with an expected power output based on historical data of a second RF signal chain.

[0009] An advantage of the above-described computer program product may generally be real-time diagnostic capability of the system's RF electronics.

[0010] Another advantage of one or more embodiments described herein may be that one or more embodiments described herein are employed at or coupled to a quantum computing system having one or more qubits of a quantum logic circuit coupled to an RF electronic device diagnosed by one or more embodiments described herein.

[0011] Another advantage of the above-described apparatus, systems, computer program products, and / or methods may generally be saving time and cost in analysis, detection, and / or amplification adjustment of RF electronics for the system. That is, system reliability may be improved by quickly and efficiently identifying and correcting manufacturing and / or assembly defects in such RF electronics. Downtime may be reduced by using one or more of the embodiments described herein, during operation of the RF electronics, one or more of the embodiments described herein may be employed in-process, such as in real-time, to provide diagnostics including analysis, detection, and / or amplitude adjustment. Indeed, by at least partially automating the diagnostics, improvements may be achieved across various geographic and / or language barriers.

[0012] Another advantage of one or more embodiments described herein may be the use of existing electronics, such as power detectors and analog-to-digital converters.Local oscillators and / or embedded sensors at the RF electronics are not employed by one or more embodiments described herein.

[0013] One or more of the innovations, frameworks, systems, devices, computer program products, and / or methods described herein may additionally and / or alternatively be described as follows:

[0014] An electronic device may include: a radio frequency (RF) tap connected to an RF signal component of a first RF signal chain, and an analysis component connected to the RF tap, wherein the analysis component is configured to convert the RF signal from the RF signal component and compare the converted conversion result with an expected power output based on historical data of a second RF signal chain.

[0015] According to the electronic device, the analysis component may include a power detector and an analog-to-digital converter, wherein, optionally, the power detector may be configured to output a DC voltage based on the RF signal, and wherein, optionally, the analog-to-digital converter may be configured to convert the DC voltage into power represented by a binary signal.

[0016] The electronic device of any preceding paragraph of this section may also include a determination component configured to identify a change in the conversion result compared to historical data, or to identify a faulty component in the first RF signal chain based on the historical data.

[0017] The electronic device of any preceding paragraph of this section may also include a determination component configured to generate an alert upon determining that the conversion result meets or exceeds a specified power threshold.

[0018] The electronic device of any previous paragraph of this section may also include an amplitude calibration component that calibrates the amplitude of a signal input to a quantum logic circuit including one or more qubits based on a comparison between historical data and a conversion result.

[0019] The electronic device of any preceding paragraph of this section may further include a plurality of RF taps including RF taps connected to the analysis component, wherein optionally, the RF taps of the plurality of RF taps may be individually connected to different respective loads.

[0020] The electronic device of any of the previous paragraphs of this section may also be manufactured without the presence of a local oscillator between the RF tap and the analysis component in the electronic device and in the electronic device including the RF tap and the analysis component.

[0021] The electronic device of any preceding paragraph of this section, the analysis component can be configured to generate a power map based on the historical data, and wherein, optionally, the power map can include ranges defining additional conversion results of non-faulty component outputs that include the expected power output.

[0022] A method of radio frequency diagnostics may include: obtaining, by a system operatively coupled to a processor, an RF signal of a first radio frequency (RF) signal chain; converting, by the system, the RF signal into a conversion result; and comparing, by the system, the conversion result with an expected power output based on historical data of a second RF signal chain.

[0023] The method may further include outputting, by the system, a DC voltage based on the RF signal, and optionally, converting, by the system, the DC voltage into power represented by a binary number.

[0024] The method of any preceding paragraph of this section may also include identifying, by the system, a change in the conversion result compared to historical data, or alternatively, identifying, by the system, a faulty component in the first RF signal chain based on the historical data.

[0025] The method of any preceding paragraph of this section may also include generating, by the system, an alert upon determining that the conversion result meets or exceeds a specified power threshold.

[0026] The method of any preceding paragraph of this section may also include calibrating, by the system, an amplitude of a signal input to a quantum logic circuit comprising one or more qubits based on a comparison between historical data and the conversion results.

[0027] The method of any preceding paragraph of this section may further include generating, by the system, a power map based on the historical data, wherein optionally, the power map may include ranges defining additional conversion results of non-faulty component outputs that include the expected power output.

[0028] A computer program product for facilitating a process of diagnosing one or more radio frequency components may include a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions implemented therewith. The program instructions are executable by a processor to cause the processor to obtain, by the processor, an RF signal of a first radio frequency (RF) signal chain, convert, by the processor, the RF signal into a conversion result, and compare, by the processor, the conversion result with an expected power output based on historical data of a second RF signal chain.

[0029] According to the computer program product, the program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the processor to output a DC voltage based on the RF signal, and optionally, to convert the DC voltage into power represented by a binary number.

[0030] The computer program product of any preceding paragraph of this section, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to identify, by the processor, a change in the conversion result compared to historical data, or alternatively, to identify, by the processor, a faulty component in the first RF signal chain based on historical data.

[0031] The computer program product of any preceding paragraph of this section, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to generate an alert upon determining by the processor that the conversion result meets or exceeds a specified power threshold.

[0032] The computer program product of any preceding paragraph of this section, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to calibrate the amplitude of a signal input to a quantum logic circuit comprising one or more qubits based on a comparison between historical data and a conversion result.

[0033] A computer program product according to any preceding paragraph of this section, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to generate a power map based on historical data, wherein, optionally, the power map may include ranges of additional conversion results defining non-faulty component outputs that include the expected power output. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The patent or application file contains at least one drawing drawn in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram and corresponding graphs of a system according to one or more embodiments described herein are shown.

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another system is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0037] Figure 3 Yet another system according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown.

[0038] Figure 4 Yet another system according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown.

[0039] Figure 5 A block diagram of one or more processes that may be performed by the systems / electronic devices described herein is shown.

[0040] Figure 6 A process flow of a method for manufacturing a device / system according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown.

[0041] Figure 7 The process flow of a method for using the device / system according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown.

[0042] Figure 8 A block diagram is shown of an exemplary non-limiting operating environment in which one or more embodiments described herein may be provided.

[0043] Fig. 9 A block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting cloud computing environment is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein.

[0044] Fig.10 A block diagram of exemplary non-limiting abstract model layers is shown in accordance with one or more embodiments described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following detailed description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the application or utilization of the embodiments and / or embodiments. In addition, it is not intended to be bound by any express or implied information presented in the previous summary of the invention or the detailed description of the embodiments. One or more embodiments are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals are always used to indicate the same elements. In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. However, in various cases, it is apparent that the one or more embodiments described can be practiced without these specific details.

[0046] In traditional RF signal chain diagnostics, the test signal can be compared to the device under test, such as using Fast Fourier Transform calculations and local oscillators. To complete these diagnostics, the RF signal chain is taken offline. Embedded sensors and / or other specialized equipment may be employed. Does not aid in real-time or dynamic diagnostics.

[0047] To address one or more of these deficiencies, one or more embodiments are now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout.

[0048] As used herein, the terms "entity," "requesting entity," and "user entity" may refer to a machine, a device, a component, hardware, software, an intelligent device, and / or a person.

[0049] As used herein, "coupler," "coupler element," and "coupling element" may be interchangeable.

[0050] As used herein, the term "cost" may refer to money, power, memory, bandwidth, time, manpower, and / or the like.

[0051] In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. However, in various cases, it is apparent that the one or more embodiments described can be practiced without these specific details.

[0052] In addition, the embodiments depicted in one or more figures described herein are for illustration only, and therefore, the architecture of the embodiments is not limited to the systems, devices, and / or components depicted herein, nor is it limited to any specific order, connection, and / or coupling of the systems, devices, and / or components depicted herein. For example, in one or more embodiments, the non-limiting systems described herein, such as Figure 1-4 The non-limiting system may also include references herein such as Fig. 9 One or more computers and / or computing-based elements described in, associated with, and / or coupled to the operating environment 900 and other operating environments shown. In one or more described embodiments, the computer and / or computing-based elements may be used to implement and combine Figure 1-4 and / or one or more combinations of the systems, devices, components, and / or computer-implemented operations shown and / or described in other figures described herein.

[0053] First, generally turn to Figure 1 One or more embodiments described herein may include one or more devices, systems, and / or apparatuses that may provide a process for performing one or more RF diagnostics associated with one or more loads of one or more radio frequency (RF) devices. Figure 1, a block diagram of an exemplary non-limiting system 100 that can provide such a diagnostic process according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown.

[0054] Typically, the non-limiting system 100 can be used as a runtime diagnostic and / or manufacturing test. In one example, the transmitting RF card can have an RF tap that feeds a power detector. The power detector can output a direct current (DC) voltage based on the power level seen by the power detector at the input. The output from the power detector can be connected to a low-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which can convert the input voltage into a binary number that can be read, for example, via a data bus. The data bus can include a serial interface, such as a serial peripheral interface. The input voltage to the ADC can then be converted to power through an equation matrix and compared to an ideal RF output. An envelope for a pass / fail distribution can be created to characterize the hardware in question or faulty hardware. The output distribution can be used to calibrate the amplitude.

[0055] That is, the non-limiting system 100 may include a radio frequency (RF) diagnostic system 104, which may include a radio frequency (RF) tap 132 connected to an RF signal component of a first RF signal chain. The RF diagnostic system 104 may also include an analysis component 112, which may be configured to convert an RF signal 106 from the RF signal component and compare the converted conversion result 108 with an expected power output. The expected power output may be based on historical data of the RF signal chain, for example, based on historical data of a second RF signal chain different from the first RF signal chain.

[0056] In one or more embodiments, the analysis component 112 may include a power detector 114 and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 116, such as a low-speed ADC. The power detector 114 may be configured to output a DC voltage based on the RF signal 106. The power detector 114 may have an inverse relationship associated therewith, such that a higher power at the input of the power detector 114 may produce a lower voltage at the output of the power detector 114.

[0057] ADC 116 may be configured to convert a DC voltage into power, such as represented by a binary signal. In one or more embodiments, ADC 116 may use a differential input, such as V in = INP–INN, where INP is the non-inverting input and INN is the inverting input.

[0058] A local oscillator (LO) is not used in the RF diagnostic system 104 in the analysis component 112 and / or between the RF tap 132 and the analysis component 112. Likewise, no embedded sensors are employed at the RF device / RF signal component / RF signal chain from which the RF signal 106 is obtained.

[0059] In one or more embodiments, entity 180 may perform one or more operations to manufacture an electronic device and / or system according to one or more embodiments described herein. For example, entity 180, such as a manufacturing system, may include a controller and / or processor 182. Processor 182 may issue one or more instructions to cause the manufacturing of an electronic device and / or system. For example, entity 180 may also include one or more nodes 184, such as a manufacturing device, which may be controlled by controller 182 to manufacture an electronic device and / or system. In one example, node 184 may be controlled to couple components together, and the like.

[0060] In one or more embodiments, entity 180 and / or another manufacturing entity may perform one or more operations (eg, manufacturing operations) corresponding to one or more other electronic devices and / or systems described herein.

[0061] Still reference Figure 1 , a graph 150 is shown demonstrating the diagnostic process of the non-limiting system 100, whether or not associated with a quantum system and / or readout electronics. In particular, the graph 150 shows the inverse relationship between power and voltage caused by a power detector such as the power detector 114. The power plotted at line 152 is the RF output power of the first (main) RF signal chain. There is a middle dashed line 154 showing the "ideal" output power and upper and lower dashed lines 156 and 158 providing pass / fail limits. The voltage plotted at line 162 is the voltage output of the power detector (e.g., the power detector 114), which is then input to a corresponding ADC (e.g., the ADC 116). The dashed line 164 shows the "ideal" voltage output. Turning now generally to Figure 2 , one or more embodiments of the apparatus / system for RF diagnostics described herein may be employed at a quantum system. This may include at least a portion of a quantum processor or room temperature control electronics, and / or coupling thereto. In one or more embodiments, such electronics described herein may be included by readout electronics of a quantum system. In one example, the signal generated from the room temperature electronics of a quantum system is accurate for manipulating qubit states. To address one or more deficiencies of conventional RF diagnostic frameworks, the electronic devices described herein may allow real-time, dynamic, and / or in-process diagnostics of RF components of a quantum system, thereby allowing adjustment of the generated signals.

[0062] Direct reference Figure 2 , one or more embodiments described herein may include one or more devices, systems, and / or apparatuses that may provide a process for performing one or more quantum operations, such as performing one or more quantum gates. Figure 2, a block diagram of an example non-limiting system 200 that can provide such a detection process according to one or more embodiments described herein is shown. Although reference is made herein to one or more processes, facilitation and / or use of the non-limiting system 200, the above and below descriptions provided herein may also be relevant to one or more other non-limiting systems described herein, such as those described in detail below. Figure 1 , 3 and / or 4 devices / systems.

[0063] The following / previous description relates to the operation of a single quantum program from a single quantum job request. The operation may include one or more readouts from the cryogenic environment electronics within the cryogenic chamber 216 by the room temperature control / readout electronics 212 outside the cryogenic chamber 216. That is, one or more processes described herein may be scalable, e.g., also include and / or alternatively include executing one or more quantum programs and / or quantum job requests in parallel with each other.

[0064] In one or more embodiments, non-limiting system 200 may be a hybrid system, and thus may include one or more classical systems, such as a quantum program implementation system, and one or more quantum systems, such as quantum system 201. In one or more other embodiments, quantum system 201 may be separate from the classical system, but function in combination with the classical system.

[0065] In this case, one or more communications between one or more components of the non-limiting system 200 and the legacy system may be facilitated by wired and / or wireless means, including but not limited to employing a cellular network, a wide area network (WAN) (e.g., the Internet), and / or a local area network (LAN). Suitable wired or wireless technologies for facilitating communications may include, but are not limited to, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (Enhanced GPRS), Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Zigbee and other 802.XX wireless technologies and / or traditional telecommunication technologies, BLUETOOTH®, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), ZIGBEE®, RF4CE protocol, WirelessHART protocol, 6LoWPAN (Ipv6 over low power wireless LAN), Z-Wave, Advanced and Adaptive Networking Technology (ANT), Ultra-Wideband (UWB) standard protocols, and / or other proprietary and / or non-proprietary communication protocols.

[0066] In one or more other embodiments, a classical system may provide quantum job requests 204, qubit mappings, quantum circuits to be executed, etc. Such a classical system may analyze one or more quantum measurement readouts 220. In addition, such a classical system may manage a queue of quantum circuits to be operated on one or more qubits of a quantum logic circuit of a corresponding quantum system 201.

[0067] For example, in one or more embodiments, the non-limiting systems described herein, such as Figure 2 The non-limiting system 200 shown and / or systems thereof may also include references herein such as Figure 8 One or more computers and / or computer-based elements described in, associated with, and / or coupled to the operating environment 800 and other operating environments shown. In one or more of the described embodiments, computers and / or computer-based elements may be used to implement and combine Figure 2 and / or one or more combinations of the systems, devices, components, and / or computer-implemented operations shown and / or described in other figures described herein.

[0068] Quantum system 201 (e.g., a quantum computer system, a superconducting quantum computer system, and / or the like) may employ quantum algorithms and / or quantum circuits (including computational components and / or devices) to perform quantum operations and / or functions on input data to produce results that may be output to an entity. Quantum circuits may include quantum bits (qubits), such as multi-bit qubits, physical circuit-level components, high-level components, and / or functions. Quantum circuits may include physical pulses that may be structured (e.g., arranged and / or designed) to perform desired quantum functions and / or computations on data (e.g., input data and / or intermediate data derived from the input data) to produce one or more quantum results as output. Quantum results, such as quantum measurements 220, may be responsive to quantum job requests 204 and associated input data, and may be based at least in part on input data, quantum functions, and / or quantum computations.

[0069] In one or more embodiments, quantum system 201 may include one or more quantum components, such as quantum computing component 203, quantum processor 206, quantum readout / control electronics 212, waveform generator 210, additional room temperature electronics 240, and / or quantum logic circuit 208, which includes one or more qubits (e.g., qubits 207A, 207B, and / or 207C), also referred to herein as qubit devices 207A, 207B, and 207C.

[0070] Quantum processor 206 may be any suitable processor. Quantum processor 206 may generate one or more instructions for controlling one or more processes of quantum logic circuit 208 and / or waveform generator 210.

[0071] Quantum operation component 203 may obtain (e.g., download, receive, search, and / or the like) a quantum job request 204 requesting execution of one or more quantum programs. Quantum operation component 203 may determine one or more quantum logic circuits, such as quantum logic circuit 208, for executing the quantum program. Request 204 may be provided in any suitable format, such as a text format, a binary format, and / or another suitable format. In one or more embodiments, request 204 may be received by a component other than a component of quantum system 201, such as a component of a classical system coupled to and / or communicating with quantum system 201.

[0072] Waveform generator 210 may perform one or more waveform operations for operating and / or affecting one or more quantum circuits on the one or more qubits 207A, 207B, and / or 207C. For example, waveform generator 210 may operate one or more qubit effectors, such as qubit oscillators, harmonic oscillators, pulse generators, and / or the like, to cause one or more pulses to stimulate and / or manipulate the state of one or more qubits 207A, 207B, and / or 207C included in quantum system 201.

[0073] Waveform generator 210, for example in combination with quantum processor 206, can perform operations of a quantum logic circuit on one or more qubits (e.g., qubits 207A, 207B, and / or 207C) of the circuit. In response, quantum operation component 203 can output one or more quantum operation results, such as one or more quantum measurements 220, in response to quantum operation request 204.

[0074] Quantum logic circuit 208 and part or all of waveform generator 210 and / or quantum processor 206 may be contained in a cryogenic environment, such as generated by cryogenic chamber 216, such as a dilution refrigerator. In fact, a signal may be generated by waveform generator 210 to affect one or more qubits 207A-C. In the case where qubits 207A, 207B, and 207C are superconducting qubits, cryogenic temperatures (e.g., about 4 Kelvin (K) or less) may be employed to facilitate the functioning of these physical qubits. Therefore, the elements of waveform generator 210 are also configured to perform at such cryogenic temperatures.

[0075] Now turn to the other Figure 3 and Figure 4 , various embodiments of devices / systems that may be used with quantum system 201 are described herein.

[0076] For example, Figure 3 RF diagnostic system 304 is shown, which is at least partially comprised of classical system 302 that can function in conjunction with quantum system 201. RF diagnostic system 304 can be coupled to one or more RF taps, such as RF taps of room temperature readout electronics 212 of quantum system 201, also referred to herein as quantum computing system 201. Note that non-limiting system 300 can be used independently, in conjunction with Figure 2 any connection, implied, direct or otherwise, between the various aspects of the

[0077] exist Figure 3 In the figure, it is shown that Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a non-limiting system 300 of both the quantum system 201 and the classical system 302. The RF diagnostic system 307 may be at least partially included by the classical system 302 and may work with the processor 306 / memory 307 of the classical system 302. The RF diagnostic system 307, such as the analysis component 312, may obtain RF signals from one or more RF taps (e.g., 332 and / or 334) of one or more RF components of one or more RF signal chains coupled to the quantum system 201. The RF taps 332 and / or 334 may be arranged in a room temperature environment and / or a cryogenic environment such as provided by the cryogenic chamber 216.

[0078] One or more communications between one or more components of the non-limiting system 300 and / or between an external system and the non-limiting system 300 may be facilitated by wired and / or wireless means, including but not limited to employing a cellular network, a wide area network (WAN) (e.g., the Internet), and / or a local area network (LAN). Suitable wired or wireless technologies for facilitating communications may include, but are not limited to, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (Enhanced GPRS), Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Zigbee and other 802.XX wireless technologies and / or traditional telecommunication technologies, BLUETOOTH®, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), ZIGBEE®, RF4CE protocol, WirelessHART protocol, 6LoWPAN (Ipv6 over low power wireless LAN), Z-Wave, Advanced and Adaptive Networking Technology (ANT), Ultra-Wideband (UWB) standard protocols, and / or other proprietary and / or non-proprietary communication protocols.

[0079] For the sake of brevity, the description of quantum system 201 is not repeated here.

[0080] Turning to the classical system 302, the classical system 302 may include any suitable type of components, machines, equipment, facilities, devices and / or instruments, which include a processor and / or may be capable of effective and / or operational communication with a wired and / or wireless network. All of these embodiments are foreseeable. For example, the classical system 302 may include a server device, a computing device, a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a quantum computing device (e.g., a quantum computer), a tablet computing device, a handheld device, a server-class computing machine and / or a database, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a consumer appliance and / or instrument, an industrial and / or commercial device, a digital assistant, a multimedia Internet-enabled phone, a multimedia player and / or another type of device and / or computing device. Likewise, the classical system 302 may be arranged on and / or run at any suitable device, such as, but not limited to, a server device, a computing device, a general purpose computer, a special purpose computer, a quantum computing device (e.g., a quantum computer), a tablet computing device, a handheld device, a server-class computing machine and / or database, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a desktop computer, a cellular telephone, a smart phone, a consumer appliance and / or instrument, an industrial and / or commercial device, a digital assistant, a multimedia Internet-enabled telephone, a multimedia player, and / or another type of device and / or computing device.

[0081] The classic system 302 can be associated with a cloud computing environment, such as being accessible via a cloud computing environment. For example, the classic system 302 can be associated with the following reference Fig. 9 The cloud computing environment 950 described and / or the following references Fig.10 The depicted one or more functional abstraction layers (eg, hardware and software layer 1060, virtualization layer 1070, management layer 1080, and / or workload layer 1090) are associated.

[0082] Classic system 302 may include multiple components. These components may include memory 307, processor 306, bus 305, and RF diagnostic system 304. In one or more embodiments, RF diagnostic system 304 may include processor 306 and / or memory 307, and / or different processors and / or memories. RF diagnostic system 304 may include analysis component 312, amplitude calibration component 320, and / or determination component 318. Analysis component 312 may include analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 316 and power detector 314. In one or more embodiments, RF diagnostic system 304 may include analysis model 330 and / or training component 336.

[0083] The processor 306, memory 307, and bus 305 of the code encryption and decryption system 202 are now discussed.

[0084] For example, in one or more embodiments, the classical system 302 may include a processor 306 (e.g., a computer processing unit, a microprocessor, a classical processor, a quantum processor, and / or the like). In one or more embodiments, as described herein with or without reference to one or more figures of one or more embodiments, components associated with the classical system 302 may include one or more computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that may be executed by the processor 306 to facilitate the execution of one or more processes defined by such components and / or instructions. In one or more embodiments, the processor 306 may include one or more of an analysis component 312, an amplitude calibration component 320, a determination component 318, an analysis model 330, and / or a training component 336.

[0085] In one or more embodiments, the classical system 302 may include a computer-readable memory 307, which may be operably connected to the processor 306. The memory 307 may store computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor 306, may cause the processor 306 and / or one or more other components of the classical system 302 (e.g., one or more of the analysis component 312, the amplitude calibration component 320, the determination component 318, the analysis model 330, and / or the training component 336) to perform one or more actions. In one or more embodiments, the memory 307 may store computer-executable components (e.g., one or more of the analysis component 312, the amplitude calibration component 320, the determination component 318, the analysis model 330, and / or the training component 336).

[0086] The classical system 302 and / or its components as described herein may be communicatively, electrically, operationally, optically, and / or otherwise coupled to each other via a bus 305 to perform the functions of and / or be coupled to the non-limiting system 300, the classical system 302, and / or one or more components thereof. The bus 305 may include one or more of a memory bus, a memory controller, a peripheral bus, an external bus, a local bus, a quantum bus, and / or another type of bus that may employ one or more bus architectures. One or more of these examples of the bus 305 may be used to implement one or more embodiments described herein.

[0087] In one or more embodiments, the classical system 302 may be coupled (e.g., communicatively, electrically, operationally, optically, and / or the like), such as via a network, to one or more external systems (e.g., an electrical output production system not shown, one or more output targets, an output target controller, and / or the like), sources, and / or devices (e.g., classical and / or quantum computing devices, communication devices, and / or the like). In one or more embodiments, one or more of the components of the non-limiting system 300 may reside in the cloud, and / or may reside locally in a local computing environment (e.g., at (one or more) designated locations).

[0088] In addition to the processor 306 and / or memory 307 described above, the classic system 302 may include one or more computer and / or machine readable, writable and / or executable components and / or instructions, which, when executed by the processor 306, may facilitate the performance of one or more operations defined by such components and / or instructions.

[0089] Turning now to the RF diagnostic system 304, an analysis component 312 and / or components thereof can be coupled to the RF tap, wherein the analysis component 312 can be configured to convert the RF signal from the RF signal component and compare the converted conversion result with an expected power output. The expected power output can be based on historical data of the RF signal chain from which the RF signal is output, or based on historical data from a second RF signal chain.

[0090] For example, the analysis component may include a power detector 314 and an analog-to-digital converter 316. The power detector 314 may be configured to output a DC voltage based on the obtained RF signal. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 316 may be configured to convert the DC voltage into a power such as represented by a binary signal. For example, the ADC 316 may convert the output voltage from the power detector into a binary signal representing the voltage. The voltage may be interpreted as a power based on the power seen at the power detector 314.

[0091] Once the voltage is digitized, power maps and / or other post-processing may be employed to convert the converted voltage raw data into power.

[0092] The power map can be generated using empirical laboratory data and / or actual historical data, such as by analyzing component 312. For example, the power map can be generated by sweeping the primary RF signal chain over a known frequency range and capturing the output using a secondary RF tap containing a power detector and an ADC. Post-processing can be used to create a power profile based on raw data from the ADC. Post-processing can take empirical data and / or historical data and map voltage to power based on frequency. Different frequencies can provide power levels.

[0093] The power graph may include ranges defining additional conversion results of non-faulty component outputs that include the expected power output.In one or more embodiments, the power graph may be used to visually identify the main RF signal chain output power at different frequencies.

[0094] The determination component 318 can be configured to identify a change in the conversion result compared to historical data, or to identify a faulty component in the first RF signal chain based on the historical data. For example, a change in the conversion result from the historical data can indicate a component failure. Specific changes can indicate different components in the RF signal chain. For example, a specific fault signature can be related to a specific component, such as based on a comparison with experience and / or historical data.

[0095] In one or more embodiments, the determining component 318 can employ the power graph to identify changes. For example, the determining component 318 can identify one or more contexts of empirical data / historical data at the power graph that have been identified as triggering and / or causing such changes.

[0096] The determination component 318 can be configured to generate an alert upon comparing the conversion result to a specified power threshold and subsequently determining that the conversion result meets or exceeds the specified power threshold.

[0097] In one or more embodiments, the power threshold, the particular historical data employed, and / or the expected power output may be determined at least in part by analytical model 330 .

[0098] The analysis model 330 may be, may include, and / or may be comprised of a classical model, such as a predictive model, a neural network, and / or an artificial intelligence model. The artificial intelligence model and / or the neural network (e.g., a convolutional network and / or a deep neural network) may include and / or use artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and / or deep learning (DL), where learning may be supervised, semi-supervised, and / or unsupervised.

[0099] For example, the analysis model 330 may include an ML model trained based on previous and / or expected RF diagnostic data for one or more RF signal chains. With respect to comparison of conversion results with the historical data, the analysis model 330 may determine historical data from / representing an RF signal chain that has similar aspects to the RF signal chain from which the diagnosis was obtained. These aspects may include one or more of frequency response, roll-off, output power, ripple, hardware design, and / or hardware vendor, but are not limited thereto.

[0100] With respect to comparing the conversion results to the specified power threshold, the analysis model 330 can determine a power threshold previously used with an RF signal chain having similar aspects as the RF signal chain from which the diagnosis is obtained. With respect to determining an expected power output for comparison with the conversion results, the analysis model 330 can employ one or more knowledge bases and / or other information databases having default or expected values.

[0101] In general, the analysis model 330 can be trained, such as by the training component 336, on a set of training data that can represent the type of data that the system will be used for. Checks of the analysis model 330, such as checks relative to change determinations, can be performed periodically and / or at any other frequency for degradation. Retraining of the analysis model 330 can be performed using the latest data collected from RF diagnostic measurements over a specified time window. For example, the training component 336 can train the analysis model 330 when a change or a faulty component is determined, or when a new change is determined for which the analysis model 330 has not been trained.

[0102] Next, the amplitude calibration component 320 can calibrate and / or request calibration of the amplitude of a signal input to a quantum logic circuit including one or more qubits based on a comparison between the historical data and the conversion results. For example, the amplitude calibration component 320 can determine whether the main RF signal chain requires more or less power to give an appropriate amplitude for calibration.

[0103] In one or more embodiments, a plurality of RF taps including an RF tap may each be connected to an analysis component, wherein each RF tap of the plurality of RF taps is individually connected to a different corresponding load.

[0104] Furthermore, the non-limiting system 300 may be employed in electronic devices in the absence of a local oscillator between and including the RF taps and the analysis component 312 .

[0105] For another example, Figure 4 An RF diagnostic system 304 is shown that is at least partially included in the room temperature electronics of the readout electronics 212 of the quantum system 201. In another example, turning to Figure 4 In the non-limiting system 400 , the RF diagnostic system 304 may be at least partially included in the readout electronics 212 of a quantum system, such as the quantum system 201 .

[0106] Next go to Figure 5 , and also refer to Figure 4 , illustrates a process flow of one or more operations that may be performed by the RF diagnostics system 304, whether or not associated with a quantum system and / or readout electronics.

[0107] As shown, an RF signal 502 may be obtained, for example, via the RF tap 332 by the analysis component 312. Using the RF signal 502, a conversion result 504 may be output, for example, via the analysis component 312, including a conversion of the RF signal 502. As described above, the conversion result may include a DC voltage converted to a power represented by a binary number. A comparison 506 of the conversion result 504 relative to an expected power output 507 may be performed, for example, by the determination component 318. In one or more embodiments, the expected power output 507 may be based on historical data 509 of an RF signal chain different from the RF signal chain from which the RF signal 502 was obtained.

[0108] Variations 508 may be identified based on historical data 509. Variations 508 may include variations in conversion results 504 and / or faulty components in the RF signal chain from which RF signal 502 is obtained.

[0109] For example, when the determination component 318 determines that the conversion result 504 meets or exceeds the specified power threshold 511, the alert 510 can be generated. In one or more embodiments, the power threshold 511 can be determined based on the historical data 509.

[0110] In response to the alert 510 and / or the identified change 508, in the case of a quantum computer or system that includes an RF signal chain, a calibration 512 may be performed on the amplitude of a signal to be used with the RF signal chain, such as an input to a quantum logic circuit including one or more qubits.

[0111] In one or more embodiments, power graph 514 can be generated, for example, by analysis component 312 , for example, based on historical data 509 .

[0112] Next, Figure 6 600, which may be used to at least partially construct an electronic device, such as an electronic device, according to one or more embodiments described herein. Figure 1-4 For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in various embodiments are omitted.

[0113] At 602 , non-limiting method 600 may include coupling (eg, via entity 180 ) an analysis component including a power detector and an analog-to-digital converter to an RF tap of an RF device.

[0114] At 604 , the non-limiting method 600 may include coupling (eg, via entity 180 ) an analysis component including a power detector and an analog-to-digital converter to a second RF tap of the RF device or another RF device.

[0115] At 606 , the non-limiting method 600 can include performing coupling (eg, by the entity 180 ) without a local oscillator at the analysis component or between the RF tap / second RF tap and the analysis component.

[0116] At 608 , non-limiting method 600 can include performing coupling without using a sensor embedded at the RF device (eg, via entity 180 ).

[0117] At 610 , the non-limiting method 600 can include coupling (eg, via the entity 180 ) a transformation result determination component to an analysis component.

[0118] At 612 , the non-limiting method 600 can include coupling (eg, via the entity 180 ) an amplitude calibration component to the analysis component.

[0119] At 614, non-limiting method 600 may include coupling (e.g., via entity 180) an amplitude calibration component to, or including the amplitude calibration component in, a waveform generator of a quantum system that includes a quantum logic circuit that receives pulses from the waveform generator to affect one or more qubits of the quantum logic circuit.

[0120] Next, Figure 7 Description According to one or more embodiments described herein, a method for providing a system for performing a system at least in part using an electronic device, such as Figure 1-4 FIG. 7 is a flow chart of an exemplary non-limiting method 700 of a process of a non-limiting device of FIG. For the sake of brevity, repeated descriptions of similar elements and / or processes employed in various embodiments are omitted.

[0121] At 702 , the non-limiting method 700 can include obtaining, by a system (eg, the analysis component 312 ) operatively coupled to a processor, a signal of a first radio frequency (RF) signal chain RF.

[0122] At 704 , the non-limiting method 700 can include converting, by the system (eg, the analysis component 312 ), the RF signal into a conversion result.

[0123] At 706 , the non-limiting method 700 may include performing a conversion including outputting a DC voltage based on the RF signal by a system (eg, the power detector 114 ) and converting the DC voltage to power represented by a binary number by a system (eg, the ADC 316 ).

[0124] At 708 , the non-limiting method 700 can include comparing, by the system (eg, the determining component 318 ), the conversion result to an expected power output based on historical data for the second RF signal chain.

[0125] At 710 , the non-limiting method 700 can include identifying, by the system (eg, the determining component 318 ), a change in the conversion result compared to historical data, or identifying, by the system, a faulty component in the first RF signal chain based on the historical data.

[0126] At 712 , non-limiting method 700 can include generating, by a system (eg, analysis component 312 ) based on historical data, a power map, wherein the power map includes ranges defining additional conversion results of non-faulty component outputs that include the expected power output.

[0127] At 714 , the non-limiting method 700 can include generating an alert by the system (eg, the determining component 318 ) upon determining that the conversion result meets or exceeds a specified power threshold.

[0128] At 716, non-limiting method 700 can include calibrating, by the system (e.g., amplitude calibration component 320) and based on a comparison between historical data and the conversion results, an amplitude of a signal input to a quantum logic circuit including one or more qubits.

[0129] At 718 , the non-limiting method 700 can include employing, by the system (eg, the determination component 318 ), an analytical model (eg, the analytical model 330 ) to perform a comparison or identification.

[0130] At 720 , the non-limiting method 700 can include training, by a system (eg, the training component 336 ), an analysis model (eg, the analysis model 330 ) based on empirical and / or historical data of one or more RF signal chains.

[0131] For simplicity of explanation, the computer-implemented and non-computer-implemented methods provided herein are depicted and / or described as a series of actions. The present invention is not limited by the actions shown and / or the order of actions, for example, actions can occur in one or more orders and / or concurrently, and can occur together with other actions not presented and described herein. In addition, not all actions shown can be used to implement the computer-implemented and non-computer-implemented methods according to the described subject matter. In addition, the computer-implemented and non-computer-implemented methods can be represented as a series of interrelated states via state diagrams or events instead. In addition, the computer-implemented methods described below and throughout this specification can be stored on articles of manufacture, so that the computer-implemented methods are transmitted and transferred to a computer. The term article of manufacture as used herein is intended to cover a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device or storage medium.

[0132] In summary, one or more systems, electronic devices, and / or methods provided herein relate to processes for RF signal quality analysis and amplitude adjustment in processes for one or more radio frequency (RF) devices. In one or more embodiments, the RF device may include a portion of a quantum computing system, such as a portion of its readout electronics, and thus amplitude adjustment may be performed at a waveform generator that generates pulses to affect one or more qubits of a quantum logic circuit of the quantum computing system. Typically, an electronic device may include an RF tap connected to an RF signal component of a first RF signal chain, and an analysis component connected to the RF tap, the analysis component being configured to convert an RF signal from the RF signal component and compare its conversion result with an expected power output based on historical data of a second RF signal chain.

[0133] An advantage of the above-described electronic devices, systems, computer program products, and / or methods may generally be real-time diagnostic capabilities of the system's RF electronics.

[0134] Another advantage of one or more embodiments described herein may be that one or more embodiments described herein are employed at or coupled to a quantum computing system having one or more qubits of a quantum logic circuit coupled to an RF electronic device diagnosed by one or more embodiments described herein.

[0135] Another advantage of the electronic devices, systems, computer program products, and / or methods described above can generally be saving time and cost for analysis, detection, and / or amplification adjustment of RF electronics for the system. That is, system reliability can be improved by quickly and efficiently identifying and correcting manufacturing and / or assembly defects in such RF electronics. Downtime can be reduced by using one or more embodiments described herein, during operation of the RF electronics, one or more embodiments described herein can be employed in a process, such as in real time, to provide diagnostics including analysis, detection, and / or amplitude adjustment. In fact, by at least partially automating the diagnostics, improvements can be achieved across various geographic and / or language barriers.

[0136] Another advantage of one or more embodiments described herein may be the use of existing electronics, such as power detectors and analog-to-digital converters.Local oscillators and / or embedded sensors at the RF electronics are not employed by one or more embodiments described herein.

[0137] In view of one or more embodiments described herein, a practical application of the apparatus described herein is the ability to diagnose RF components during use of an RF signal chain including the RF components, as opposed to first shutting down the RF signal chain before diagnosing the RF components. This is a useful and practical application of a computer, thus facilitating faster, automatic and / or more efficient diagnosis of an RF signal chain. In general, such computerized tools may constitute a concrete and tangible technical improvement in the field of RF electronics.

[0138] Another practical application of the devices described herein may be the ability to adjust the generation of signals to affect qubits in response to RF diagnostics. This is a useful and practical application of computers, thereby facilitating enhanced (e.g., improved and / or optimized) operation of the employed qubits, such as within quantum logic circuits having a high number of qubits (e.g., about 1000 qubits or more). In general, such computerized tools may constitute concrete and tangible technical improvements in the field of quantum computing.

[0139] In addition, one or more embodiments described herein can be employed in real-world systems based on the disclosed teachings. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can function in conjunction with an RF signal chain or with a quantum system that can receive a quantum job request as input and can measure the real-world qubit state of one or more qubits (such as superconducting qubits) of the quantum system. For example, with respect to a quantum system, one or more frameworks described herein can obtain an RF signal from one or more RF taps of the quantum system.

[0140] In addition, the devices and / or methods described herein may be implemented in one or more fields to achieve proportional RF diagnostics. In fact, the use of the devices as described herein may be scalable, such as where multiple RF signals from one or more RF signal chains are diagnosed at least partially simultaneously with each other.

[0141] Systems and / or devices have been described herein (and / or will be described further) with respect to the interaction between one or more components. Such systems and / or components may include those components or subcomponents specified therein, one or more of the specified components and / or subcomponents, and / or additional components. Subcomponents may be implemented as components that are communicatively coupled to other components, rather than being included in a parent component. One or more components and / or subcomponents may be combined into a single component that provides aggregate functionality. These components may interact with one or more other components, which are not specifically described herein for the sake of brevity, but are known to those skilled in the art.

[0142] In one or more embodiments, one or more embodiments described herein may be inherently and / or inseparably linked to computer technology and may not be implemented outside of a computing environment. For example, one or more processes performed by one or more embodiments described herein may provide programs and / or program instruction execution, such as with respect to RF diagnostics, more efficiently and even more feasible than existing systems and / or technologies. Systems, computer-implemented methods, and / or computer program products that facilitate the execution of these processes have significant utility in the fields of RF electronics, quantum computing, and / or superconducting quantum systems and may not be equally implemented in a practicable manner outside of a computing environment.

[0143] One or more embodiments described herein may employ hardware and / or software to solve problems that are highly technical, non-abstract, and cannot be performed as a set of mental actions by a human being. For example, one person, or even thousands of people, cannot efficiently, accurately, and / or effectively acquire, analyze, and / or convert RF signals as one or more embodiments described herein may facilitate the process. Furthermore, neither the human mind nor a human with a pen and paper can perform one or more of these processes as performed by one or more embodiments described herein.

[0144] In one or more embodiments, one or more of the processes described herein may be performed by one or more special-purpose computers (e.g., special-purpose processing units, special-purpose classical computers, special-purpose quantum computers, special-purpose hybrid classical / quantum systems, and / or another type of special-purpose computer) to perform defined tasks associated with one or more of the techniques described above. One or more embodiments described herein and / or components thereof may be used to solve new problems arising from advances in the above-described technologies, quantum computing systems, cloud computing systems, computer architectures, and / or the use of another technology.

[0145] One or more embodiments described herein may be fully operable to perform one or more other functions (eg, fully powered on, fully executed, and / or another function) while also performing one or more operations described herein.

[0146] Next go to Figure 8-10 , provides an Figure 1-7 A detailed description of additional context for one or more embodiments described in the disclosure.

[0147] Figure 8 The following discussion is intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable operating environment 800 that may be included herein for reference. Figure 1-4Any one or more of the one or more computers and / or computing-based elements described herein may be in, associated with, and / or coupled to any one or more of the one or more computers and / or computing-based elements described herein. For example, in one or more embodiments, any suitable operating environment 800 may be combined with quantum system 201 to obtain and / or transmit quantum job requests (e.g., quantum job request 204) to quantum system 201, manage quantum job queues, and / or manage one or more classical operations. Furthermore, while one or more embodiments are described above in the general context of computer-executable instructions that may be executed on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more embodiments may also be implemented in combination with other program modules and / or as a combination of hardware and software.

[0148] Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks and / or implement specific abstract data types. In addition, the methods of the present invention can be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor or multi-processor computer systems, minicomputers, mainframe computers, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, distributed computing systems, as well as personal computers, handheld computing devices, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, etc., each of which can be operatively coupled to one or more associated devices.

[0149] Computing devices typically include various media, which may include computer-readable storage media, machine-readable storage media, and / or communication media, where the two terms are used differently from each other as described below. Computer-readable storage media or machine-readable storage media can be any available storage media that can be accessed by a computer, and include volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example and not limitation, computer-readable storage media and / or machine-readable storage media can be implemented in conjunction with any method or technology for storing information such as computer-readable and / or machine-readable instructions, program modules, structured data, and / or unstructured data.

[0150] Computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disk read-only memory (CDROM), digital versatile disk (DVD), Blu-ray disk (BD) and / or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage and / or other magnetic storage devices, solid-state drives or other solid-state storage devices, and / or other tangible and / or non-transitory media that may be used to store the specified information. In this regard, the terms "tangible" or "non-transitory" as applied to storage devices, memories, and / or computer-readable media herein will be understood to exclude only the propagation of transient signals themselves as a modifier, and not to disclaim all standard storage devices, memories, and / or computer-readable media that propagate not only transient signals themselves.

[0151] Computer-readable storage media may be accessed by one or more local or remote computing devices, eg, via access requests, queries, and / or other data retrieval protocols, for various operations regarding information stored by the media.

[0152] Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other structured or unstructured data in a data signal such as a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and includes any information delivery or transmission media. The term "modulated data signal" or multiple signals refers to a signal that has one or more characteristics set and / or changed in a manner that encodes information in one or more signals. By way of example and not limitation, communication media may include wired media such as a wired network, a direct wired connection, and / or wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and / or other wireless media.

[0153] Reference again Figure 8 , the example operating environment 800 may include a computer 802 including a processing unit 806 , a system memory 804 , and / or a system bus 808 .

[0154] The memory 804 may store one or more computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that, when executed by a processing unit 806 (e.g., a classical processor, a quantum processor, and / or the like), may facilitate the performance of operations defined by the executable components and / or instructions. For example, the memory 804 may store computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that, when executed by the processing unit 806, may facilitate the performance of one or more functions described herein in connection with the non-limiting systems 100, 200, 300, and / or 400, as described herein with or without reference to one or more figures of one or more embodiments.

[0155] The memory 804 may include volatile memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), etc.) and / or non-volatile memory (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), etc.) that may employ one or more memory architectures.

[0156] The processing unit 806 may include one or more types of processors and / or electronic circuits (e.g., classical processors, quantum processors, and / or similar processors) that may implement one or more computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions that may be stored at the memory 804. For example, the processing unit 806 may perform one or more operations that may be specified by computer and / or machine readable, writable, and / or executable components and / or instructions, including but not limited to logic, control, input / output (I / O), arithmetic, and / or similar operations. In one or more embodiments, the processing unit 806 may be any one of one or more commercially available processors. In one or more embodiments, the processing unit 806 may include one or more central processing units, multi-core processors, microprocessors, dual microprocessors, microcontrollers, systems on a chip (SOCs), array processors, vector processors, quantum processors, and / or another type of processor. Examples of the processing unit 806 may be used to implement one or more embodiments described herein.

[0157] The system bus 808 may couple system components including, but not limited to, the system memory 804 to the processing unit 806. The system bus 808 may include one or more types of bus structures that may further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and / or a local bus using one or more of various commercially available bus architectures. The system memory 804 may include ROM 810 and / or RAM 812. A basic input / output system (BIOS) containing the basic routines that help transfer information between elements within the computer 802, such as during startup, may be stored in a nonvolatile memory such as a ROM, an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), and / or an EEPROM. The RAM 812 may include high-speed RAM, such as static RAM for caching data.

[0158] The computer 802 may include an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 814 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), one or more external storage devices 816 (e.g., magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD), memory stick or flash drive reader, memory card reader, etc.) and / or a drive 820 that can read or write from a disk 822 such as a CD-ROM disk, DVD, BD, etc., such as a solid state drive or optical drive. Additionally and / or alternatively, in the case of a solid state drive, the disk 822 cannot be included unless it is separate. Although the internal HDD 814 is shown as being located within the computer 802, the internal HDD 814 can also be configured to be used externally in a suitable chassis (not shown). In addition, although not shown in the operating environment 800, a solid state drive (SSD) can be used in addition to or in place of the HDD 814. The HDD 814, the external storage device 816, and the drive 820 can be connected to the system bus 808 via an HDD interface 824, an external storage interface 826, and a drive interface 828, respectively. The HDD interface 824 for external drive implementations may include at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1394 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are within the contemplation of the embodiments described herein.

[0159] The drives and their associated computer-readable storage media provide non-volatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, etc. For the computer 802, the drives and storage media accommodate the storage of any data in an appropriate digital format. Although the above description of computer-readable storage media refers to corresponding types of storage devices, other types of computer-readable storage media, whether currently existing or developed in the future, may also be used in the example operating environment, and / or any such storage media may contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods described herein.

[0160] A number of program modules may be stored in the drives and RAM 812, including an operating system 830, one or more applications 832, other program modules 834, and / or program data 836. All or portions of the operating system, applications, modules, and / or data may also be cached in RAM 812. The systems and / or methods described herein may be implemented using one or more commercially available operating systems and / or combinations of operating systems.

[0161] Computer 802 may optionally include emulation technology. For example, a hypervisor (not shown) or other intermediary may emulate a hardware environment for operating system 830, and the emulated hardware may optionally be different from the actual hardware. Figure 8The hardware shown. In a related embodiment, the operating system 830 may include one of a plurality of virtual machines (VMs) hosted on the computer 802. In addition, the operating system 830 may provide a runtime environment, such as a JAVA runtime environment or other .NET framework, for the application 832. The runtime environment is a consistent execution environment that allows the application 832 to run on any operating system that includes a runtime environment. Similarly, the operating system 830 may support containers, and the application 832 may be in the form of a container, which is a lightweight, independent, executable software package that includes, for example, code, runtime, system tools, system libraries, and / or settings for the application.

[0162] In addition, the computer 802 can be enabled with a security module, such as a trusted processing module (TPM). For example, with a TPM, the boot component hashes the next timely boot component and waits for the result to match the security value before loading the next boot component. This process can occur at any layer in the code execution stack of the computer 802, for example, at the application execution level and / or at the operating system (OS) kernel level, thereby enabling security at any code execution level.

[0163] An entity may input and / or transmit commands and / or information to the computer 802 through one or more wired / wireless input devices, such as a keyboard 838, a touch screen 840, and / or a pointing device such as a mouse 842. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, an infrared (IR) remote control, a radio frequency (RF) remote control, and / or other remote controls, a joystick, a virtual reality controller and / or a virtual reality headset, a game pad, a stylus, an image input device (e.g., a camera), a gesture sensor input device, a visual movement sensor input device, an emotion or facial detection device, a biometric input device (e.g., a fingerprint and / or iris scanner), etc. These and other input devices may be connected to the processing unit 806 through an input device interface 844 that may be coupled to the system bus 808, but may also be connected through other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE 1394 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, a BLUETOOTH® interface, etc.

[0164] A monitor 846 or other type of display device may alternatively and / or additionally be connected to the system bus 808 via an interface, such as a video adapter 848. In addition to the monitor 846, computers typically include other peripheral output devices (not shown), such as speakers, printers, and the like.

[0165] The computer 802 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers such as a remote computer 850 via wired and / or wireless communications. The remote computer 850 can be a workstation, a server computer, a router, a personal computer, a portable computer, a microprocessor-based entertainment device, a peer device, and / or other common network nodes, and typically includes many or all of the elements described with respect to the computer 802, but only a memory / storage device 852 is shown for simplicity. Additionally and / or alternatively, the computer 802 can be coupled (e.g., communicatively, electrically, operatively, optically, etc.) to one or more external systems, sources, and / or devices (e.g., classical and / or quantum computing devices, communication devices, and / or the like) via a data cable (e.g., a High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), Recommended Standard (RS) 232, an Ethernet cable, etc.).

[0166] In one or more embodiments, the network may include one or more wired and / or wireless networks, including but not limited to a cellular network, a wide area network (WAN) (eg, the Internet), or a local area network (LAN). For example, one or more embodiments described herein may communicate with one or more external systems, sources, and / or devices (e.g., computing devices) (or vice versa) using virtually any specified wired or wireless technology, including, but not limited to, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Enhanced General Packet Radio Service (Enhanced GPRS), Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE), Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2) Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), Zigbee and other 802.XX wireless technologies and / or legacy telecommunication technologies, BLUETOOTH®, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), ZIGBEE®, RF4CE protocol, WirelessHART protocol, 6LoWPAN (Ipv6 over Low Power Wireless LAN), Z-Wave, ANT, Ultra-Wideband (UWB) standard protocols, and / or other proprietary and / or non-proprietary communication protocols. In a related example, one or more embodiments described herein may include hardware (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a transceiver, a decoder, quantum hardware, a quantum processor, and / or the like), software (e.g., a set of threads, a set of processes, software in execution, quantum pulse scheduling, quantum circuits, quantum gates, and / or the like), and / or a combination of hardware and / or software that facilitates communicating information between one or more embodiments described herein and external systems, sources, and / or devices (e.g., computing devices, communication devices, and / or the like).

[0167] The depicted logical connections include wired / wireless connections to a local area network (LAN) 854 and / or a larger network, such as a wide area network (WAN) 856. LAN and WAN networking environments may be commonplace in offices and companies, and may facilitate enterprise-wide computer networks such as intranets, all of which may be connected to a global communications network such as the Internet.

[0168] When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 802 can be connected to the local area network 854 through a wired and / or wireless communication network interface or adapter 858. The adapter 858 can facilitate wired and / or wireless communications to the LAN 854, which can also include a wireless access point (AP) disposed thereon for communicating with the adapter 858 in a wireless mode.

[0169] When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 802 may include a modem 860 and / or may be connected to a communication server on the WAN 856 by other means to establish communications over the WAN 856, such as over the Internet. The modem 860 may be internal and / or external and a wired and / or wireless device, which may be connected to the system bus 808 via the input device interface 844. In a networked environment, program modules or portions thereof described relative to the computer 802 may be stored in the remote memory / storage device 852. The network connections shown are exemplary only, and one or more other means of establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.

[0170] When used in a LAN or WAN networking environment, the computer 802 may access a cloud storage system or other network-based storage system, in addition to and / or in lieu of the external storage device 816 described above, such as, but not limited to, a network virtual machine that provides one or more aspects of storage and / or processing of information. Typically, a connection between the computer 802 and the cloud storage system may be established over the LAN 854 or WAN 856, for example, by an adapter 858 or a modem 860, respectively. When the computer 802 is connected to the associated cloud storage system, the external storage interface 826 may manage the storage provided by the cloud storage system, such as with the help of the adapter 858 and / or the modem 860, as it would other types of external storage. For example, the external storage interface 826 may be configured to provide access to cloud storage sources as if those sources were physically connected to the computer 802.

[0171] The computer 802 may be operable to communicate with any wireless device and / or entity that is operatively arranged in wireless communications, such as a printer, scanner, desktop and / or portable computer, portable data assistant, communication satellite, telephone, and / or any device or location associated with a wirelessly detectable tag (e.g., a telephone booth, a kiosk, a store shelf, etc.). This may include Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and BLUETOOTH® wireless technologies. Thus, the communications may be a predefined structure such as a conventional network, or simply an ad hoc communication between at least two devices.

[0172] Can be compared to references such as Fig. 9 The embodiments described herein may be employed in a distributed computing environment (eg, a cloud computing environment) in which certain tasks are performed by remote processing devices linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in local and / or remote memory storage devices.

[0173] For example, one or more embodiments described herein and / or one or more components thereof may employ the following references: Fig. 9 900 and / or refer to the following references Fig.10 One or more computing resources of the cloud computing environment 950 described by one or more functional abstraction layers (e.g., quantum software, etc.) to perform one or more operations according to one or more embodiments described herein. For example, the cloud computing environment 950 and / or one or more of the functional abstraction layers 1060, 1070, 1080, and / or 1090 may include one or more classical computing devices (e.g., classical computers, classical processors, virtual machines, servers, and / or the like), quantum hardware, and / or quantum software (e.g., quantum computing devices, quantum computers, quantum processors, quantum circuit simulation software, superconducting circuits, and / or the like), which may be employed by one or more embodiments described herein and / or its components to perform one or more operations according to one or more embodiments described herein. For example, one or more embodiments described herein and / or its components may employ such one or more classical and / or quantum computing resources to perform one or more classical and / or quantum: mathematical functions, calculations, and / or equations; calculation and / or processing scripts; algorithms; models (e.g., artificial intelligence (AI) models, machine learning (ML) models, and / or similar models); and / or other operations according to one or more embodiments described herein.

[0174] It should be understood that although one or more embodiments described herein include detailed descriptions about cloud computing, the implementation of the teachings recorded herein is not limited to cloud computing environments. Instead, one or more embodiments described herein can be implemented in conjunction with any other type of computing environment now known or later developed.

[0175] Cloud computing is a service delivery model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing, memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and / or services) that can be quickly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or interaction with the provider of the service. The cloud model may include at least five characteristics, at least three service models, and at least four deployment models.

[0176] Features are as follows:

[0177] On-demand self-service: Cloud consumers can unilaterally and automatically provision computing capacity (such as server time and network storage) as needed without manual interaction with the service provider.

[0178] Broad Network Access: Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that facilitate use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).

[0179] Resource pooling: The computing resources of a provider are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, where different physical and virtual resources are dynamically allocated and reallocated based on demand. There is a sense of location independence, as consumers generally do not control or know the exact location of the provided resources, but are able to specify the location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or data center).

[0180] Rapid elasticity: Capacity can be quickly and elastically provisioned (automatically in one or more cases) to quickly scale out and quickly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capacity available for provisioning generally appears to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.

[0181] Metered Services: Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource usage by leveraging metering capabilities at one or more abstraction levels appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported, providing transparency to both providers and consumers of the utilized services.

[0182] The service model is as follows:

[0183] Software as a Service (SaaS): The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider's applications running on the cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from a variety of client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including the network, servers, operating systems, storage, and / or individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.

[0184] Platform as a Service (PaaS): The capability provided to consumers is to deploy applications created or acquired by consumers using programming languages ​​and tools supported by the provider onto the cloud infrastructure. Consumers do not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems and / or storage, but have control over deployed applications and possible configuration of the application hosting environment.

[0185] Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): The capabilities provided to consumers are processing, storage, networking, and / or other basic computing resources on which consumers can deploy and run arbitrary software, which may include operating systems and applications. Consumers do not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, but have control over the operating system, storage, deployed applications, and / or possibly limited control over selected networking components (e.g., host firewalls).

[0186] The deployment model is as follows:

[0187] Private Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is operated only for the organization. It can be managed by the organization or a third party and can exist on-premises or off-premises.

[0188] Community Cloud: The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community with shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and / or compliance considerations). It can be managed by the organization or a third party and can exist on-premises or off-premises.

[0189] Public cloud: Cloud infrastructure is available to the general public or large industrial groups and is owned by an organization that sells cloud services.

[0190] Hybrid cloud: A cloud infrastructure is a combination of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technologies that enable data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).

[0191] Cloud computing environments are service-oriented, with an emphasis on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability. At the core of cloud computing is an infrastructure consisting of a network of interconnected nodes.

[0192] Furthermore, the non-limiting systems 100, 200, 300 and / or 400 and / or the example operating environment 800 may be associated with and / or included in a data analysis system, a data processing system, a graph analysis system, a graph processing system, a big data system, a social networking system, a speech recognition system, an image recognition system, a graph modeling system, a bioinformatics system, a data compression system, an artificial intelligence system, an authentication system, a syntactic pattern recognition system, a medical system, a health monitoring system, a network system, a computer network system, a communication system, a router system, a server system, a high availability server system (e.g., a telecommunications server system), a web server system, a file server system, a data server system, a disk array system, a power strip system, a cloud-based system, etc. Accordingly, the non-limiting system 100 and / or the example operating environment 800 may be used to solve problems that are highly technical, non-abstract, and / or cannot be performed as a set of mental actions by a human being using hardware and / or software.

[0193] Reference now Fig. 9 Detailed description of one or more aspects of the illustrations depicts an illustrative cloud computing environment 950. As shown, cloud computing environment 950 includes one or more cloud computing nodes 910 with which a local computing device used by a cloud consumer can communicate, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA) or cellular phone 954A, a desktop computer 954B, a laptop computer 954C, and / or an automobile computer system 954N. Although Fig. 9 Not shown, but cloud computing nodes 910 may also include quantum platforms (e.g., quantum computers, quantum hardware, quantum software, etc.) with which local computing devices used by cloud consumers can communicate. Cloud computing nodes 910 may communicate with each other. They may be physically or virtually grouped (not shown) in one or more networks, such as a private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, or hybrid cloud, or a combination thereof, as described above. This allows cloud computing environment 950 to provide infrastructure, platform, and / or software as a service for which cloud consumers do not need to maintain resources on local computing devices. It should be understood that Fig. 9 The types of computing devices 954A-N shown in are intended for illustration only, and cloud computing node 910 and cloud computing environment 950 may communicate with any type of computerized device over any type of network and / or network addressable connection (eg, using a web browser).

[0194] Reference now Fig.10 , showing details of one or more aspects of the invention, such as provided by a cloud computing environment 950 ( Fig. 9 ) provides a set of functional abstraction layers 1000. One or more embodiments described herein may be used in conjunction with the following references Fig.10One or more functional abstraction layers (e.g., hardware and software layer 1060, virtualization layer 1070, management layer 1080, and / or workload layer 1090) described herein are associated with, such as accessible via. It should be understood in advance that Fig.10 The components, layers and / or functions shown in are intended to be illustrative only, and the embodiments described herein are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers and / or corresponding functions are provided:

[0195] The hardware and software layer 1060 may include hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include: a host 1061; a server 1062 based on a RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture; a server 1063; a blade server 1064; a storage device 1065; and / or a networking component 1066. In one or more embodiments, software components may include network application server software 1067, quantum platform routing software 1068; and / or quantum software ( Fig.10 not shown).

[0196] Virtualization layer 1070 may provide an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers 1071 ; virtual storage 1072 ; virtual networks 1073 , including virtual private networks; virtual applications and / or operating systems 1074 ; and / or virtual clients 1075 .

[0197] In one example, the management layer 1080 may provide the functionality described below. Resource provisioning 1081 may provide dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that may be used to perform tasks within a cloud computing environment. Metering and pricing 1082 may provide cost tracking when utilizing resources within a cloud computing environment, and / or billing or invoicing for the consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may include one or more application software licenses. Security may provide authentication for cloud consumers and / or tasks, as well as protection for data and / or other resources. A user (or entity) portal 1083 may provide access to a cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management 1084 may provide cloud computing resource allocation and / or management so that the required service level is met. Service level agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment 1085 may provide pre-arrangement and procurement of cloud computing resources, wherein future demand for cloud computing resources is anticipated based on the SLA.

[0198] The workload layer 1090 may provide examples of functionality that may utilize a cloud computing environment. Non-limiting examples of workloads and functionality that may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation 1091; software development and lifecycle management 1092; virtual classroom education delivery 1093; data analytics processing 1094; transaction processing 1035; and / or application transformation software 1096.

[0199] The embodiments described herein may be directed to one or more of the systems, methods, devices, and / or computer program products of any possible level of technical detail integration. A computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium (or multiple media) having computer-readable program instructions thereon, and the computer-readable program instructions are used to cause a processor to perform various aspects of one or more embodiments described herein. A computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible device capable of retaining and storing instructions used by an instruction execution device. A computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a superconducting storage device, and / or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of computer-readable storage media may also include the following: a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical encoding device such as a punch card or a raised structure in a groove with instructions recorded thereon, and / or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer-readable storage media as used herein should not be interpreted as transitory signals per se, such as radio waves and / or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through waveguides and / or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses through fiber optic cables), and / or electrical signals transmitted through wires.

[0200] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to a corresponding computing / processing device and / or downloaded to an external computer or external storage device via a network, such as the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and / or a wireless network. The network can include copper transmission cables, optical transmission optical fibers, wireless transmissions, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers, and / or edge servers. The network adapter card or the network interface in each computing / processing device receive computer-readable program instructions from the network, and forward computer-readable program instructions to be stored in the computer-readable storage medium in the corresponding computing / processing device. The computer-readable program instructions for performing the operation of one or more embodiments described herein can be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine-related instructions, microcodes, firmware instructions, state setting data, configuration data of integrated circuits, and / or source code and / or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, and the programming language includes object-oriented programming languages ​​(such as Smalltalk, C++, etc.) and / or process programming languages ​​(such as "C" programming languages ​​and / or similar programming languages). Computer-readable program instructions may be executed entirely on a computer, partially on a computer, as an independent software package, partially on a computer and / or partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer and / or server. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) and / or a wide area network (WAN), and / or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider). In one or more embodiments, electronic circuits including, for example, programmable logic circuits, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and / or programmable logic arrays (PLAs) may be executed by utilizing the state information of computer-readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuits, so as to perform aspects of one or more embodiments described herein.

[0201] Aspects of one or more embodiments described herein are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems) and computer program products according to one or more embodiments described herein. It will be understood that each frame of the flowchart and / or block diagram and the combination of frames in the flowchart and / or block diagram can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions. These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer and / or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that instructions executed by a processor of a computer or other programmable data processing device can create a device for implementing the function / action specified in one or more frames of the flowchart and / or block diagram. These computer-readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which can guide a computer, a programmable data processing device and / or other equipment to work in a particular manner, so that a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored therein can include a product, which includes instructions for aspects of the function / action specified in one or more frames of the flowchart and / or block diagram. Computer-readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, and / or other devices to cause a series of operational actions to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, and / or other devices to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, and / or other devices implement the functions / actions specified in one or more boxes of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0202] The flow charts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the possible implementation architecture, function and / or operation of the system, computer-implemented method and / or computer program product according to one or more embodiments described herein. In this regard, each frame in the flow chart or block diagram may represent a module, segment and / or portion of an instruction, which includes one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. In one or more alternative implementations, the functions marked in the frame may not occur in the order marked in the figure. For example, depending on the functions involved, the two frames shown in succession may be executed substantially simultaneously, and / or these frames may sometimes be executed in reverse order. It will also be noted that each frame illustrated in the block diagram and / or flow chart and / or the combination of frames in the block diagram and / or flow chart may be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action or performs a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0203] Although the subject matter is described above in the general context of computer executable instructions of a computer program product running on one and / or multiple computers, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that one or more embodiments herein may also be implemented in conjunction with one or more other program modules. Typically, a program module includes routines, programs, components, data structures, etc. that perform specific tasks and / or implement specific abstract data types. In addition, the computer-implemented method of the present invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations, including single-processor and / or multi-processor computer systems, small computing devices, large computers, and computers, handheld computing devices (e.g., PDAs, phones), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer and / or industrial electronic products, etc. The various aspects shown may also be practiced in a distributed computing environment in which tasks are performed by remote processing devices linked through a communication network. One or more (if not all) aspects of one or more embodiments described herein may be implemented on a stand-alone computer. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in local and / or remote memory storage devices.

[0204] As used in this application, the terms "component", "system", "platform", "interface", etc. may refer to and / or may include computer-related entities or entities related to an operating machine having one or more specific functions. The entities described here may be hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to, a process, a processor, an object, an executable file, an execution thread, a program, and / or a computer running on a processor. As an illustration, both an application program and a server running on a server may be a component. One or more components may reside in a process and / or a thread of execution, and a component may be located on a computer and / or distributed between two or more computers. In another example, a corresponding component may be executed from various computer-readable media having various data structures stored thereon. These components may communicate via local and / or remote processes, for example, according to a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from a component, which interacts with another component in a local system, a distributed system, and / or interacts with other systems via a network such as the Internet). As another example, a component may be a device having a specific functionality provided by a mechanical component operated by an electrical or electronic circuit, which is operated by a software and / or firmware application executed by a processor. In this case, the processor may be internal and / or external to the device and may execute at least a portion of the software and / or firmware application. As yet another example, a component may be a device that provides a specific functionality through an electronic component rather than a mechanical part, wherein the electronic component may include a processor and / or other device to execute the software and / or firmware that at least partially imparts the functionality to the electronic component. In one aspect, the component may emulate the electronic component via a virtual machine, such as within a cloud computing system.

[0205] In addition, the term "or" is intended to mean an inclusive "or" rather than an exclusive "or". That is, unless otherwise specified or clear from the context, "X employs A or B" is intended to mean any natural inclusive arrangement. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then "X employs A or B" is satisfied in any of the foregoing instances. In addition, unless otherwise specified or clear from the context to refer to the singular form, the articles "one" and "an" as used in this specification and the drawings should generally be interpreted as meaning "one or more". As used herein, the terms "example" and / or "exemplary" are used to indicate use as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter described herein is not limited to these examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as "example" and / or "exemplary" is not necessarily to be interpreted as being preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to exclude equivalent exemplary structures and / or technologies known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0206] As used in this specification, the term "processor" may refer to substantially any computational processing unit and / or device, including but not limited to a single-core processor; a single processor with software multithreaded execution capability; a multi-core processor; a multi-core processor with software multithreaded execution capability; a multi-core processor with hardware multithreading technology; a parallel platform; and / or a parallel platform with distributed shared memory. In addition, a processor may refer to an integrated circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a digital signal processor (DSP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic controller (PLC), a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, and / or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. In addition, the processor may employ a nanoscale architecture, such as, but not limited to, transistors, switches, and / or gates based on molecules and quantum dots, in order to optimize space usage and / or enhance the performance of related devices. The processor may be implemented as a combination of computational processing units.

[0207] Herein, terms such as "storage," "storage," "data warehouse," "data store," "database," and substantially any other information storage component related to the operation and functionality of the component are used to refer to a "memory component," an entity embodied in a "memory," or a component that includes a memory. The memory and / or memory components described herein may be volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, nonvolatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory, and / or nonvolatile random access memory (RAM) (e.g., ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM). Volatile memory may include RAM, which may be used as external cache memory, such as by way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in many forms, such as synchronous RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and / or memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM). In addition, the memory components of the systems and / or computer-implemented methods described herein are intended to include, without limitation, these and / or any other suitable types of memory.

[0208] What has been described above includes only examples of systems and computer-implemented methods. Of course, it is not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components and / or computer-implemented methods for the purpose of describing one or more embodiments, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many further combinations and / or permutations of one or more embodiments are possible. In addition, to the extent the terms "including," "having," "having," and the like are used in the detailed description, claims, appendices, and / or drawings, these terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to that in which the term "comprising" is interpreted when used as a transitional word in a claim.

[0209] The description of one or more embodiments has been presented for illustrative purposes, but the description is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments described herein. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terms used herein are selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, and / or technical improvements over technologies existing in the market, and / or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments described herein.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising: a radio frequency (RF) tap connected to an RF signal component of the first RF signal chain; as well as An analysis component is connected to the RF tap, wherein the analysis component is configured to convert the RF signal from the RF signal component and compare a conversion result of the conversion with an expected power output based on historical data of the second RF signal chain.

2. The electronic device of claim 1 , wherein the analysis component comprises a power detector and an analog-to-digital converter, wherein the power detector is configured to output a DC voltage based on the RF signal, and wherein the analog-to-digital converter is configured to convert the DC voltage into power represented by a binary signal.

3. The electronic device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: A determining component is configured to identify a change in the conversion result compared to the historical data, or to identify a faulty component in the first RF signal chain based on the historical data.

4. The electronic device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: A determining component is configured to generate an alarm when it is determined that the conversion result meets or exceeds a specified power threshold.

5. The electronic device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: An amplitude calibration component calibrates the amplitude of a signal input to a quantum logic circuit including one or more qubits based on a comparison between the historical data and the conversion result.

6. The electronic device according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: A plurality of RF taps including the RF tap are connected to the analysis component, wherein the RF taps in the plurality of RF taps are respectively connected to different corresponding loads.

7. An electronic device according to any preceding claim in which no local oscillator is present between and including the RF tap and the analysis component.

8. An electronic device according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the analysis component is configured to generate a power map based on the historical data, and wherein the power map includes a range of additional conversion results defining non-faulty component outputs that include the expected power output.

9. A method for radio frequency diagnosis, the method comprising: obtaining, by a system operatively coupled to the processor, a radio frequency (RF) signal of a first radio frequency signal chain; The system converts the RF signal into a conversion result; as well as The conversion result is compared by the system to an expected power output based on historical data of the second RF signal chain.

10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising: outputting, by the system, a DC voltage based on the RF signal; as well as The DC voltage is converted by the system into power represented by a binary number.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 9 to 10, further comprising: identifying, by the system, changes in the conversion results compared to the historical data; or A faulty component in the first RF signal chain is identified by the system based on the historical data.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 9 to 11, further comprising: An alarm is generated by the system upon determining that the conversion result meets or exceeds a specified power threshold.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 9 to 12, further comprising: An amplitude of a signal input to a quantum logic circuit comprising one or more qubits is calibrated by the system based on a comparison between the historical data and the conversion result.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 9 to 13, further comprising: A power map is generated by the system based on the historical data, wherein the power map includes ranges defining additional conversion results of non-faulty component outputs that include the expected power output.

15. A computer program product for facilitating a process of diagnosing one or more radio frequency components, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions being executable by a processor to cause the processor to: obtaining, by the processor, a radio frequency (RF) signal of a first radio frequency (RF) signal chain; converting, by the processor, the RF signal into a conversion result; and The conversion result is compared, by the processor, to an expected power output based on historical data of a second RF signal chain.

16. The computer program product according to claim 15, wherein: The program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the processor to: outputting, by the processor, a DC voltage based on the RF signal; and The DC voltage is converted by the processor into power represented by a binary number.

17. A computer program product according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 16, wherein: The program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the processor to: identifying, by the processor, a change in the conversion result compared to the historical data; or A faulty component in the first RF signal chain is identified by the processor based on the historical data.

18. A computer program product according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 17, wherein: The program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the processor to: An alarm is generated by the processor upon determining that the conversion result meets or exceeds a specified power threshold.

19. A computer program product according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 18, wherein: The program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the processor to: The amplitude of a signal input to a quantum logic circuit including one or more qubits is calibrated by the processor based on a comparison between the historical data and the conversion result.

20. A computer program product according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 19, wherein: The program instructions are executable by the processor to cause the processor to: A power map is generated, by the processor, based on the historical data, wherein the power map includes ranges defining additional conversion results of non-faulty component outputs that include the expected power output.

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