Fertilizer for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of pinellia ternate

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizer for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of pinellia ternata, which is prepared by mixing traditional Chinese medicine residues and animal waste and composting, so that on one hand, the anti-pathogen characteristic of clearing heat and drying dampness or clearing heat and removing toxicity and the medicinal components for sterilization are fully exerted; on the other hand, the organic matter content of the fertilizer is enriched, the PH value and structure of soil are improved, the porosity and matrix volume weight of the soil are increased, a microenvironment is provided for inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in the soil through a microbial agent, and the problems of soil degradation, disease accumulation and the like which are prone to occurring in continuous cropping planting of pinellia ternate are solved through cooperation of multiple aspects; by improving the soil environment, enhancing the biological control ability and providing comprehensive and balanced nutrition, continuous cropping obstacles are effectively relieved, and a powerful guarantee is provided for continuous high yield of pinellia ternate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a fertilizer capable of overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of pinellia tuber. Background Art

[0002] Pinellia ternate (Thunb.) Breit. is a traditional bulk medicinal material, commonly used for cough, asthma, phlegm, dizziness, palpitations, and headaches. In recent years, with the increase in demand for Pinellia, the scale of Pinellia cultivation has developed rapidly. In the main production areas of Pinellia, with the expansion of planting scale and blind high-density planting in pursuit of yield, the problem of continuous cropping obstacles has become increasingly serious, weakening its growth, aggravating diseases and insect pests, and significantly reducing its quality and yield.

[0003] Traditional countermeasures, such as crop rotation and soil disinfection, can alleviate the problem of continuous cropping to a certain extent, but they are often costly and have limited effects. It is particularly important to develop a new type of fertilizer specifically for the problem of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata. This fertilizer must have the functions of improving the structure of soil microbial communities, inhibiting soil-borne diseases, regulating the balance of soil microecology, and supplementing specific nutrients, so as to achieve sustainable planting and efficient production of Pinellia ternata without damaging the environment.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN106146174A discloses an oxygen-enhanced coated fertilizer that overcomes the continuous cropping obstacle, using calcium cyanamide, cottonseed meal, poultry feathers, propylene glycol alginate, nickel sulfate, potassium carbonate, clay powder, urea, hydrogen peroxide solution, Laxogenin powder, butyl acrylate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate powder and nano zinc oxide. It contains a large number of chemical components, and its mechanism of action is to release oxygen slowly through coating, which cannot actually alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle.

[0005] Chinese patent document CN118702525A discloses a soil conditioner for alleviating the continuous cropping obstacle of Pinellia ternata, including organic source soil conditioner, three needle powder, sophora flavescens powder, trehalose, brown nitrogen-fixing bacteria, chrysosporium chrysosporium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Streptomyces tenuifolius, and Bacillus laterosporus. The organic source soil conditioner can overcome the problem that functional microorganisms are difficult to colonize and activate in the soil, effectively alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle of Pinellia ternata, and significantly shorten the rest period of Pinellia ternata planting. However, it uses a large amount of microbial agents, which is costly and is not conducive to promotion and use.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fertilizer that can overcome the obstacle of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata, reduce costs while ensuring the effect, and achieve sustainable planting and efficient production of Pinellia ternata without damaging the environment. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to provide a fertilizer that overcomes the obstacle of continuous cropping of pinellia ternata, reduces costs while ensuring the effect, and can achieve sustainable planting and efficient production of pinellia ternata without damaging the environment.

[0008] In view of this, the scheme of the present invention is:

[0009] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata, comprising compost, composite microorganisms and chemical fertilizers; wherein:

[0010] The compost comprises medicinal residues and animal feces in a dry weight ratio of (4-7): (2-3); the medicinal residues are mixed residues of Chinese medicinal materials, including water extraction residues of Chinese medicinal materials used for clearing away heat and dampness and for clearing away heat and detoxification;

[0011] The composite microorganisms include Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum; the mass ratio of the dry weight of the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum to the compost product is (5-10): (10-20): 100;

[0012] The fertilizer comprises urea, calcium phosphate and calcium chloride; the mass ratio of the urea, calcium phosphate and calcium chloride to the dry weight of the compost is (5-18):(3-6):(8-14):500.

[0013] Furthermore, the composite Chinese medicinal materials are selected from at least two of Phellodendron chinense, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, Gentiana scabra, Sophora flavescens, Chrysanthemum indica, Houttuynia cordata, Taraxacum mongolicum, Honeysuckle, Isatis indigotica, Folium isatidis, and Forsythia suspensa.

[0014] Preferably, the Phellodendron chinense, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, Gentiana scabra, and Sophora flavescens are used for clearing heat and drying dampness; the Chrysanthemum indica, Houttuynia cordata, Taraxacum officinale, Honeysuckle, Isatis indigotica, Folium Isatidis, and Forsythia suspensa are used for clearing heat and detoxifying; the composite Chinese medicinal materials are selected from at least one Chinese medicinal material of the heat-clearing and dampness-drying type, and at least one Chinese medicinal material of the heat-clearing and detoxifying type.

[0015] Preferably, the dry weight ratio of any two traditional Chinese medicine residues in the medicinal residues is (0.7-1.1): (0.7-1.1).

[0016] Furthermore, the animal excrement is cow dung or sheep dung with a moisture content of 20-30%.

[0017] Furthermore, the moisture content of the medicinal residue is higher than 30%; and the moisture content of the compost is 50-70%.

[0018] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the fertilizer according to the first aspect, the steps comprising:

[0019] a) mixing the medicinal residues with animal excrement and sterilizing them; then composting them, drying them, and crushing them to obtain a compost product;

[0020] b) Spraying the composite microorganisms onto the compost product, and then mixing it with chemical fertilizer to obtain a fertilizer for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata.

[0021] Furthermore, the temperature of the composting process is 40-70°C.

[0022] Preferably, the composting process lasts for 90 days, with the compost being turned once a week.

[0023] The third aspect of the present invention is to propose a method for overcoming the obstacles of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata, including the step of applying basal fertilizer before continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata; the basal fertilizer is the fertilizer described in the first aspect or the fertilizer obtained by the preparation method of the fertilizer described in the second aspect.

[0024] Furthermore, the number of consecutive cropping is 2 to 3 times.

[0025] Furthermore, the amount of base fertilizer is 400-600 kg / mu, preferably 500 kg / mu.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] The fertilizer of the present invention has good effect in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, low cost, harmless to the environment, and can be used on a large scale. The fertilizer uses Chinese medicine residues and animal feces to mix and compost, which, on the one hand, gives full play to the anti-pathogen properties and bactericidal medicinal components of clearing heat and dampness or clearing heat and detoxifying; on the other hand, it enriches the organic matter content of the fertilizer, improves the soil pH value and structure, increases the soil porosity and matrix bulk density, and provides a microenvironment for microbial agents to inhibit pathogens in the soil. It synergistically solves the problems of soil degradation and disease accumulation that are prone to occur in the continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata, and effectively alleviates the continuous cropping obstacles by improving the soil environment, enhancing biological control capabilities, and providing comprehensive and balanced nutrition, providing a strong guarantee for the sustained high yield of Pinellia ternata.

[0028] In the process of extracting traditional Chinese medicine, there are problems such as low extraction efficiency of substances with poor water solubility, low extraction and extraction rate of single medicinal ingredients, etc., which result in a large amount of traditional Chinese medicine residue waste containing effective ingredients after the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine. In the fertilizer of the present invention, the traditional Chinese medicine residue mainly comes from the residual residue of traditional Chinese medicine extraction, and its texture, anti-pathogen properties and characteristics of bactericidal medicinal ingredients are utilized to maximize resources and effects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described and verified in conjunction with the preferred embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the following examples, the Chinese medicine residues are the residues produced by common extraction processes on the market, and the water content is greater than 30%. Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum are commercially available powders. For other reagents or instrument manufacturers not indicated in the examples, conventional products can be purchased from the market. For those without specific conditions, conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer can be used.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The preparation steps of the fertilizer for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of pinellia are as follows:

[0033] S1. Mix the residues of the medicinal materials Isatis indigotica, honeysuckle, phellodendron chinense and dandelion in a dry weight ratio of 1:1:1:1.

[0034] S2, mix the mixed medicinal residues with cow dung with a moisture content of 30%, sterilize, wherein the dry weight ratio of the mixed medicinal residues of Chinese medicinal materials and animal dung is 2:1; adjust the moisture content to 70%, and then compost at a temperature of 65°C for 90 days, turning the compost once a week. Then dry at room temperature, crush, and obtain a compost product;

[0035] S3, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum are sprayed on the mixed compost product, and the mass ratio of the dry weight of Bacillus subtilis to the compost product is 7:15:100.

[0036] S4. Add urea, calcium phosphate and calcium chloride to the compost product in a mass ratio of 15:5:10:500 to the dry weight of the compost product, and mix them evenly to obtain the fertilizer for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata.

[0037] Example 2

[0038] The preparation steps of the fertilizer for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of pinellia are as follows:

[0039] S1. Mix the residues of Chinese medicinal materials Scutellaria baicalensis, Houttuynia cordata and Forsythia suspensa according to the weight ratio of 1:0.9:0.9.

[0040] S2, mix the mixed Chinese medicinal materials residue and sheep manure with a moisture content of 25%, sterilize, wherein the dry weight ratio of the mixed Chinese medicinal materials residue and animal manure is 4:3; adjust the moisture content to 50%, and then compost at a temperature of 55°C for 90 days, turning the pile once a week. Then dry at room temperature, crush, and obtain a compost product;

[0041] S3, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum are sprayed on the mixed compost product, and the mass ratio of the dry weight of Bacillus subtilis to the animal manure is 8:14:100.

[0042] S4. Add urea, calcium phosphate and calcium chloride to the compost product in a mass ratio of chemical fertilizer to animal excrement dry weight of 15:6:13:500, and mix them evenly to obtain the fertilizer for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The preparation steps of the fertilizer for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of pinellia are as follows:

[0045] S1. Mix the Chinese medicinal materials Sophora flavescens and Chrysanthemum indica residues according to the dry weight ratio of 1.1:0.7.

[0046] S2, mix the mixed Chinese medicinal residues with cow dung with a moisture content of 20%, sterilize, wherein the dry weight ratio of the mixed Chinese medicinal residues to animal dung is 5:2; adjust the moisture content to 60%, and then compost at a temperature of 45°C for 90 days, turning the compost once a week. Then dry at room temperature, crush, and obtain a compost product;

[0047] S3, Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum are sprayed on the mixed compost product, and the mass ratio of the dry weight of Bacillus subtilis to the animal manure is 9:13:100.

[0048] S4. Add urea, calcium phosphate and calcium chloride to the compost product in a mass ratio of chemical fertilizer to animal excrement dry weight of 18:4:10:500, and mix them evenly to obtain the fertilizer for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that angelica, ginseng, rehmannia root, and codonopsis pilosula residues (non-traditional Chinese medicinal materials with the effects of clearing away heat and dampness or clearing away heat and detoxifying) are added alternatively.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that what is mixed with the animal feces is a Chinese medicinal material extract, and the types and proportions of the medicinal materials used are the same as those in Example 1.

[0053] Comparative Example 3

[0054] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that only one kind of Chinese medicinal material (Phellodendron chinense) residue is used.

[0055] Comparative Example 4

[0056] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that no medicinal residue is added.

[0057] Comparative Example 5

[0058] Compared with Example 1, the difference is that the moisture content of the cow dung is adjusted to 50% after sterilization, and then composting is carried out and dried at room temperature to obtain organic fertilizer.

[0059] Comparative Example 6

[0060] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that no composting treatment is performed.

[0061] Test example

[0062] 1. The fertilizers prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were used as base fertilizers (in an amount of 500 kg / mu), wherein Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were experimental groups, and the method was as follows:

[0063] In a field where Pinellia ternata had been continuously cultivated for 7 years, 24 plots with similar soil properties were selected and divided into 8 groups. The fertilizers of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 were applied respectively. A mixed fertilizer (300 kg / mu) of urea, calcium phosphate and calcium chloride in a mass ratio of 3:1:2 was applied as a control group (CK). The application method was broadcasting, followed by rotary tillage treatment at a depth of 30 cm. The same field management measures were subsequently adopted, and the yield was statistically calculated after harvest. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0064] Table 1: Effects on the yield and quality of Pinellia ternata

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] As can be seen from Table 1, the use of the fertilizer prepared by Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention as a base fertilizer can significantly improve the problem of reduced yield caused by continuous cropping of Pinellia. The use of the residues of Chinese medicinal materials with heat-clearing and dampness-drying or heat-clearing and detoxifying effects can affect the yield and quality of Pinellia. In Comparative Example 1, in Comparative Example 1, the residues of Chinese medicinal materials with non-heat-clearing and dampness-drying or heat-clearing and detoxifying effects (Angelica, Ginseng, Rehmannia) are used for treatment. It can be seen from the final result that its yield and quality are lower than those of Examples 1 to 3. The reason is that the residues of Chinese medicinal materials with heat-clearing and dampness-drying or heat-clearing and detoxifying effects of a certain proportion contain bactericidal and antibacterial substances, which can offset or eliminate soil-borne diseases in the soil of continuous cropping of Pinellia, reduce the impact of continuous cropping on the yield of Pinellia, and the residues contain rich fiber, hemicellulose, lignin and other substances that are not easily extracted, which can effectively supplement and improve the soil organic matter content, permeability and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and improve soil compaction, acidification or salinization caused by long-term continuous cropping. In comparative example 2, only the extract of Chinese herbal medicine with heat-clearing and dampness-drying or heat-clearing and detoxifying effects was used for treatment. From the results, it can be seen that its yield and quality are lower than those of Examples 1 to 3. The reason is that the extraction efficiency of the Chinese herbal medicine extract is about 30%, the content of bactericidal and antibacterial substances is less than that in the dregs, and the disease cannot be effectively eliminated. In addition, the cellulose and lignin in the dregs are not supplemented, and the soil environment cannot be improved, which has a certain impact on the yield and content of Pinellia. In comparative example 3, a single Chinese herbal medicine dregs are used, and its yield and quality are lower than those of Examples 1 to 3. The reason is that the bactericidal and antibacterial substance components contained in a single Chinese herbal medicine have a certain inhibitory or elimination effect on certain pathogens, but there are many types of diseases in the continuous cropping soil, and the effect of a single Chinese herbal medicine dregs is limited. In comparative example 4, its yield and quality are lower than those of Examples 1 to 3. The reason is that the dregs contain a large amount of cellulose and lignin. Without the use of dregs, the effect of improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil cannot be achieved, and the bactericidal and antibacterial substances in the dregs are not supplemented, resulting in a certain impact on the yield. In the case of applying only organic fertilizer / compound fertilizer in the CK group and comparative example 5, the yield and quality were significantly different from those in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3, which directly indicated that the use of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer alone could not effectively overcome the continuous cropping obstacle and improve the yield and quality of Pinellia tuber in the case of continuous cropping. In comparative example 6, the drug residue and animal manure were not composted, and the yield and quality decreased compared with Example 1, indicating that the use of only the mixture of drug residue and animal manure could not maximize the effect of overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle.

[0068] 2. Five points were selected in each plot during the growing season, and the disease conditions of 20 Pinellia plants around the five points were counted (root rot, viral disease and damping-off disease, if any one of them was found, it would be recorded as a diseased plant). The disease rate results are shown in Table 2.

[0069] Table 2:

[0070] Group Disease rate Example 1 8.0±1.7 Example 2 9.0±1.3 Example 3 8.7±0.1 Comparative Example 1 16.3±0.3 Comparative Example 2 13.9±0.3 Comparative Example 3 13.3±0.7 Comparative Example 4 17.3±0.3 Comparative Example 5 19.8±0.5 Comparative Example 6 14.5±0.6 CK 19.0±1.7

[0071] From the disease rate obtained from Table 2 (the disease rate is the ratio of the number of diseased plants to the total number of plants), it can be seen that the application of the fertilizer prepared by the present invention can effectively alleviate the disease caused by continuous cropping, and the disease rate of the CK group and the comparative example 5, when only organic fertilizer / compound fertilizer is applied, is significantly higher than that of the comparative examples 1 to 4 and the embodiments 1 to 3. In addition, the inhibitory effect of the drug residue and animal feces on the disease rate of the comparative example 6 without composting treatment is reduced, which further proves that the fertilizer prepared by the present invention can effectively improve the resistance to continuous cropping obstacles.

[0072] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fertilizer for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata, characterized in that: Including compost, compound microorganisms and chemical fertilizers; among which: The compost comprises medicinal residues and animal feces in a dry weight ratio of (4-7): (2-3); the medicinal residues are mixed residues of Chinese medicinal materials, including water extraction residues of Chinese medicinal materials used for clearing away heat and dampness and for clearing away heat and detoxification; The composite microorganisms include Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum; the mass ratio of the dry weight of the Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum to the compost product is (5-10): (10-20): 100; The fertilizer comprises urea, calcium phosphate and calcium chloride; the mass ratio of the urea, calcium phosphate and calcium chloride to the dry weight of the compost is (5-18):(3-6):(8-14):

500.

2. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The Chinese herbal medicine for clearing away heat and drying dampness is selected from at least one of Phellodendron chinense, Scutellaria baicalensis, Coptis chinensis, Gentiana scabra, and Sophora flavescens; the Chinese herbal medicine for clearing away heat and detoxifying is selected from at least one of Chrysanthemum indica, Houttuynia cordata, Taraxacum officinale, Honeysuckle, Isatis indigotica, Folium Isatidis, and Forsythia suspensa.

3. The fertilizer according to claim 2, characterized in that In the medicinal residues, the dry weight ratio of any two Chinese medicinal material residues is (0.7-1.1): (0.7-1.1).

4. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The animal excrement is cow dung or sheep dung with a moisture content of 20-30%.

5. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The moisture content of the medicinal residue is higher than 30%; the moisture content of the compost is 50-70%.

6. The method for preparing the fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the steps include: a) mixing the medicinal residues with animal excrement and sterilizing them; then composting them, drying them, and crushing them to obtain a compost product; b) Spraying the composite microorganisms onto the compost product, and then mixing it with chemical fertilizer to obtain a fertilizer for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata.

7. The fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that The temperature of the composting process is 40-70°C.

8. The fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that The composting process lasts for 90 days, with the compost being turned once a week.

9. A method for overcoming the obstacle of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata, characterized in that: The method comprises the step of applying basal fertilizer before continuous planting of pinellia; the basal fertilizer is the fertilizer described in any one of claims 1 to 5 or the fertilizer obtained by the preparation method of the fertilizer described in any one of claims 6 to 8.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The number of consecutive cropping is 2 to 3 times.

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