Ultra-wideband transmission array antenna

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna, which comprises a plurality of transmission units arranged in an array to form a transmission array; the transmission unit comprises an incident layer, a first dielectric layer, a transmission layer, a second dielectric layer, an emergent layer and a third dielectric layer which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom; the incident layer is obtained by rotating the emergent layer by 90 degrees around the vertical direction; the transmission layer comprises a first part, two second parts and two third parts; the first component is of a linear circular ring structure and is arranged in the center of the second dielectric layer; each second component is of a linear arc structure, and the two second components are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the first component and form a non-closed circular structure; the third component is of a linear structure, and the two corresponding ends of the third component are connected with the first component and the second component correspondingly. And the arc lengths of the second parts in different transmission units are different, so that the ultra wide band is realized. According to the invention, high light transmittance and high conductivity can be realized at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the development of communication systems, antennas on smart terminal devices need to have wide working bandwidth and multiple functions to cope with different working scenarios.

[0003] Among them, transparent antennas have received increasing attention due to their advantages and potential applications in civil and military communication systems. Due to their optically transparent properties, transparent antennas can be integrated with glass or windows to improve integration, an area that is unavailable to any opaque device. Transparent antennas can also be integrated with solar cells to achieve self-powered properties.

[0004] In the prior art, optically transparent antennas can be divided into two categories according to the way they are transparent: transparent conductive oxides or metal meshes. However, the difference between these two types of antennas is only the way they are transparent, and they can both be considered as transparent conductive materials (TCMs) that replace metals.

[0005] However, existing transparent conductive materials cannot achieve high transmittance and high conductivity at the same time; in addition, the transmittance and radiation efficiency of multi-layer structure antennas based on TCM will drop sharply with the increase of the number of layers. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna to address the above technical problems, which can achieve high transmittance and high conductivity at the same time and can achieve ultra-wideband.

[0007] An ultra-wideband transmission array antenna comprises: a plurality of transmission units arranged in an array to form a transmission array; The transmission unit includes: an incident layer, a first medium layer, a transmission layer, a second medium layer, an exit layer and a third medium layer stacked in sequence from top to bottom; The incident layer is obtained by rotating the exit layer 90 degrees around the vertical direction; The transmission layer comprises: a first component, two second components and two third components; the first component is a linear circular ring structure, and is arranged at the center of the second dielectric layer; the second component is a linear arc structure, and the two second components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first component to form a non-closed circular structure; the third component is a linear structure, and two corresponding ends are respectively connected to the first component and the second component; The arc lengths of the second components in different transmission units are different to achieve ultra-wideband.

[0008] In one embodiment, the two second components are distributed in an axisymmetric manner with respect to any diagonal line of the second dielectric layer.

[0009] In one embodiment, the third component includes: a first section and a second section; The first section and the second section are both linear structures, and are axially symmetrically distributed about a line connecting the midpoints of the two second components; The first section, the second section, the first component and the second component together form a fan-shaped structure.

[0010] In one embodiment, the length of the first section is 11 times the outer ring radius of the first component, the inner ring radius of the first component is 14 times the width of the first component, and the widths of the first component, the second component and the third component are all equal.

[0011] In one embodiment, the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, and the third dielectric layer are equal-sized square structures, and the side length of the square structure is equal to a half wavelength corresponding to the center frequency. In one embodiment, the incident layer comprises: a plurality of linear strip structures arranged in parallel and at intervals; Two ends of the linear structure are respectively connected to a group of opposite sides of the first dielectric layer.

[0012] In one embodiment, the number of the linear strip structures is five.

[0013] In one embodiment, it further comprises: a first air layer and a second air layer; The first air layer is disposed between the first medium layer and the transmission layer, and the second air layer is disposed between the second medium layer and the output layer.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are all made of transparent non-metallic materials.

[0015] In one embodiment, it further includes: a feed source; The feed source and the transmission array are spaced apart.

[0016] The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna is designed with a transmission layer of a polarization rotation (PR_based) fine metal wire (FML) structure. The arc length of the arc is changed by controlling the center angle of the second component, so that the arc length of the second component in different transmission units is different. The orthogonal phase compensation method (existing technology) is used to provide different phase distributions, achieve a phase compensation range of 360° and a transmission phase range greater than 360°, thereby achieving ultra-wideband and high gain, and reducing the negative impact of FML loss on the phase range. At the same time, the incident layer and the output layer realize polarization rotation and polarization rotation, which can ensure the transmittance and radiation efficiency, and have the characteristics of a large main beam width. Moreover, an optically transparent transmission array (TA) is realized without using TCM (transparent conductive material), so that the antenna has both high conductivity and high transmittance, ensuring the balance between the electromagnetic performance and the mechanical strength of the overall structure, significantly improving the antenna performance and structural reliability, and meeting the actual application requirements of high-performance antennas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a transmission unit structure of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna in one embodiment; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a transmission layer of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna in one embodiment; Figure 3 is a transmission amplitude diagram of a transmission unit of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna in one embodiment; Figure 4 is a transmission phase diagram of a transmission unit of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna in one embodiment; Figure 5 A phase distribution diagram of a transmission array of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna deflected 15° in one embodiment; Figure 6 It is a unit arrangement diagram of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna transmission array deflected by 15° in one embodiment; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna in one embodiment; Figure 8 is a transmission array S11 result diagram of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna in one embodiment; Fig. 9 FIG. 1D diagram of a beam of a transmission array of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna at 14 GHz in one embodiment; Fig.10 A 3D beam diagram of a transmission array of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna at 14 GHz in one embodiment; Fig.11 is a beam ID diagram of a transmission array of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna at 25 GHz in one embodiment; Fig.12 A 3D beam diagram of a transmission array of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna at 25 GHz in one embodiment; Fig.13 is an actual gain diagram of a transmission array of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna in one embodiment; Fig.14 The figure is a curve diagram showing the calculation of the actual aperture efficiency of a transmission array of an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna in an embodiment.

[0018] Reference numerals: Incident layer 1; A first dielectric layer 2; First air layer 3; Transmission layer 4, first component 41, second component 42, third component 43; A second dielectric layer 5; Second air layer 6; An output layer 7; The third dielectric layer 8 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0020] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0021] In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", etc. in this application are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, "multiple groups" means at least two groups, such as two groups, three groups, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0022] In this application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a physical connection, or a wireless communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0023] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in the field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0024] The present application provides an ultra-wideband transmission array antenna, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 (where Einc represents the electric field intensity of the incident electromagnetic wave, and Etrans represents the electric field intensity of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and the transmittance can be quantified and calculated by the ratio of the squares of the two), in one embodiment, it includes: a feed source and a transmission array. The feed source and the transmission array are arranged at intervals, and the transmission array includes: a plurality of transmission units arranged in an array. The transmission unit comprises: an incident layer, a first medium layer, a transmission layer, a second medium layer, an exit layer and a third medium layer, wherein the incident layer, the first medium layer, the transmission layer, the second medium layer, the exit layer and the third medium layer are stacked in sequence from top to bottom.

[0025] The first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer have the same shape and the same size, and are all made of transparent non-metallic materials.

[0026] Preferably, the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are equal-sized square structures, and the side length of the square structure is equal to the half-wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, so as to optimize the electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics of the three dielectric layers, effectively improve the resonance efficiency of the antenna in the target frequency band, and ensure uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field, thereby achieving higher gain and a wider frequency band, while improving product consistency.

[0027] The structures of the incident layer and the exit layer are completely the same and the relative rotation angle is 90 degrees, that is, the incident layer is obtained by rotating the exit layer 90 degrees around the vertical direction.

[0028] Preferably, the incident layer includes: a plurality of linear strip structures arranged in parallel and at intervals; the two ends of the linear structures are respectively connected to a set of opposite sides of the first dielectric layer. The above arrangement realizes polarization rotation, and combines polarization rotation with polarization rotation, so that the transmission phase forms a phase difference in different frequency bands, and the phase difference is relatively uniform, thereby increasing the main beam width, optimizing the beam side lobes, reducing the side lobes, and having good focusing and directivity.

[0029] Further preferably, the number of linear strip structures is five, so as to coordinate the impedance matching, resonance characteristics and electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna within the target frequency range, ensure the number of resonant modes and coupling efficiency of the antenna, achieve better impedance matching in the case of ultra-wide frequency band, enhance the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and avoid electromagnetic interference between the strip structures.

[0030] The transmission layer includes: a first component, two second components and two third components.

[0031] The first component is a linear ring structure and is arranged at the center of the second dielectric layer.

[0032] The second component is a linear arc structure, and the two second components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first component to form a non-closed circular structure.

[0033] Preferably, the two second components are axially symmetrically distributed about any diagonal line of the second dielectric layer to optimize the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna, further improve the directivity and gain performance of the antenna, and at the same time, help reduce electromagnetic interference inside the structure and reduce coupling losses, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0034] The third component is a linear structure, and two corresponding ends are respectively connected to the first component and the second component.

[0035] Preferably, the third component includes: a first section and a second section; the first section and the second section are both linear structures, and the first section and the second section are axially symmetrically distributed about the line connecting the midpoints of the two second components; the first section, the second section, the first component and the second component together form a fan-shaped structure. The above arrangement overcomes the problem that the transmittance and radiation efficiency of the multi-layer structure antenna will drop sharply as the number of layers increases, and improves the transmission efficiency and aperture efficiency peak.

[0036] Further preferably, the length of the first section is 11 times the radius of the outer ring of the first component, so as to help form a more stable electromagnetic field distribution and improve the gain and directivity of the antenna.

[0037] More preferably, the inner ring radius of the first component is 14 times the width of the first component, so as to effectively control the length of the current distribution path and optimize the resonant characteristics of the antenna, especially to achieve low reflection loss and high radiation efficiency in the target frequency band.

[0038] More preferably, the widths of the first component, the second component and the third component are all equal to avoid uneven distribution of the electromagnetic field and improve radiation efficiency.

[0039] In another embodiment, it also includes: a first air layer and a second air layer; the first air layer is arranged between the first dielectric layer and the transmission layer, and the second air layer is arranged between the second dielectric layer and the exit layer. Specifically, a plurality of non-metallic support columns are arranged between the first dielectric layer and the transmission layer and between the second dielectric layer and the exit layer to form a first air layer between the first dielectric layer and the transmission layer, and a second air layer between the second dielectric layer and the exit layer. In other words, the transmission unit includes: an incident layer, a first dielectric layer, a first air layer, a transmission layer, a second dielectric layer, a second air layer, an exit layer, and a third dielectric layer. The provision of the air layer effectively reduces the electromagnetic wave reflection and loss between the multi-layer structure, thereby improving the transmission efficiency, especially in the high frequency band. In addition, the equivalent electrical length of the structure is adjusted, so that the antenna can achieve more stable impedance matching and wider bandwidth performance in a wide frequency band, which provides additional design freedom for further optimizing the resonant characteristics of the structure and improves the design flexibility.

[0040] The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna is designed with a transmission layer of a polarization rotation (PR_based) fine metal wire (FML) structure. The arc length of the arc is changed by controlling the center angle of the second component, so that the arc length of the second component in different transmission units is different. The orthogonal phase compensation method (existing technology) is used to provide different phase distributions, achieve a phase compensation range of 360° and a transmission phase range greater than 360°, thereby achieving ultra-wideband and high gain, and reducing the negative impact of FML loss on the phase range. At the same time, the incident layer and the output layer realize polarization rotation and polarization rotation, which can ensure the transmittance and radiation efficiency, and have the characteristics of a large main beam width. Moreover, an optically transparent transmission array (TA) is realized without using TCM (transparent conductive material), so that the antenna has both high conductivity and high transmittance, ensuring the balance between the electromagnetic performance and the mechanical strength of the overall structure, significantly improving the antenna performance and structural reliability, and meeting the actual application requirements of high-performance antennas.

[0041] In a specific embodiment, the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are all made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a thickness, a dielectric constant and a tan δ The thickness of the air layer is t=3mm; the line width of all FML components is 20 μm (0.02mm), and the material is copper ( σ=5.8 × 107 S / m), with a thickness of 340 nm (Rsheet= 0.05 Ω / sq); the gap between each linear strip structure in the incident layer is 1.6 mm; in the transmission layer, the inner ring radius of the first component is 0.28 mm, the outer ring radius is 0.3 mm, the length of the third component is 3.3 mm, and the angle between the first segment and the second segment in the same second component is 20°.

[0042] The y-polarized wave enters the element through the incident layer, and after passing through the middle transmission layer, it is transmitted out with x-polarization, realizing polarization rotation.

[0043] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 The transmission amplitude diagram and transmission phase diagram of the transmission unit are shown. It can be seen that the phase curve is linear and the working frequency band is wide. θ When the arc angle changes from 20° to 170°, the transmission phase shift range is 232°. By using the mirror method (orthogonal phase compensation method), the entire phase range reaches 360°, which is sufficient to compensate for the spatial phase delay and realize the angular deflection function.

[0044] The transmission units are arranged in a 15×15 array, and the phase distribution of a beam deflected by 15° is calculated using the following formula to obtain the angle of each transmission unit. CST is then used through MATLAB to place an element with a suitable transmission phase at each position.

[0045]

[0046] In the formula, is the phase distribution, is the wave number in free space, For the feeder to i The distance of yuan, For the i The position vector of the element, is the unit vector of the main beam direction, i.e. (0,0,−1), is a constant phase to minimize the phase error across the aperture.

[0047] When the focal diameter ratio F / D is set to 1, r0 is (0, 0, −1), and the array beam is deflected by 15°, the phase distribution diagram is obtained as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the unit layout is as follows Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the array antenna is shown in Figure 7 As shown, the above array antenna is simulated, and the results are as follows Figures 8 to 14 shown.

[0048] like Figure 8 As shown, the overall S11 of the transmission array is less than -15dB.

[0049] like Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the actual gain is 21.9 dBi at fc = 14 GHz with a beam deflection of 15°.

[0050] like Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown in Figure 1, the actual gain maximum value of 24.52 dBi is achieved at 25 GHz, and the beam is deflected by 8°.

[0051] like Fig.13 As shown, the 3 dB gain bandwidth of the antenna is 13.66-29.47 GHz, and the fractional bandwidth is 73.31%.

[0052] like Fig.14 As shown in the figure, the aperture efficiency peak at 15 GHz is 39.02%, with a 15° center deflection at 14 GHz. The higher the frequency, the smaller the beam deflection angle. It can be seen that the transmission array can achieve frequency scanning and deflect different beam angles at the corresponding frequency.

[0053] In summary, the antenna can achieve an ultra-wideband operating range of 13-32GHz, with a peak gain of 24.52dBi. In this frequency band, the electromagnetic wave transmittance is as high as 72.9%, showing excellent signal transmission capability; at the same time, the visible light transmittance is 71.8%, ensuring good visual transparency in the natural environment. This application combines efficient electromagnetic performance with excellent appearance stealth effect, and has broad application prospects in transparent antennas and metasurfaces. It is expected to be used in the following scenarios: 1. Intelligent transportation and Internet of Vehicles: The antenna can be seamlessly embedded in the vehicle glass to achieve on-board communication and navigation. Its high light transmittance ensures that it does not affect the driver's field of vision, and can provide stable high-frequency communication for the vehicle and support real-time data transmission.

[0054] 2. Drones and aerial communications: In drones and other aerial devices, transparent antennas can be integrated into the body structure to reduce wind resistance and improve concealment, making them suitable for high-bandwidth data transmission tasks.

[0055] 3. Satellite and space communications: The transmission array has good frequency scanning capability at high frequencies, can achieve high gain and frequency tuning, and is suitable for satellite communications, remote sensing and space-based networks. Its structure can achieve multi-frequency and multi-directional signal coverage in a limited space, providing support for complex environments such as deep space exploration.

[0056] 4. Smart building and window integration: The antenna can be embedded in the glass window as part of a smart building, maintaining aesthetics and vision while achieving communication functions, and is suitable for indoor and outdoor coverage of 5G / 6G.

[0057] In general, the antenna has great potential in future wireless communications and emerging intelligent systems, and can provide strong and flexible signal coverage under high frequency and large bandwidth conditions.

[0058] The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0059] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0060] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. An ultra-wideband transmission array antenna, characterized in that: include: A plurality of transmission units arranged in an array to form a transmission array; The transmission unit includes: an incident layer, a first medium layer, a transmission layer, a second medium layer, an exit layer and a third medium layer stacked in sequence from top to bottom; The incident layer is obtained by rotating the exit layer 90 degrees around the vertical direction; The transmission layer comprises: a first component, two second components and two third components; the first component is a linear circular ring structure, and is arranged at the center of the second dielectric layer; the second component is a linear arc structure, and the two second components are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the first component to form a non-closed circular structure; the third component is a linear structure, and two corresponding ends are respectively connected to the first component and the second component; The arc lengths of the second components in different transmission units are different to achieve ultra-wideband.

2. The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two second components are distributed in an axisymmetric manner with respect to any diagonal line of the second dielectric layer.

3. The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third component includes: a first section and a second section; The first section and the second section are both linear structures, and are axially symmetrically distributed about a line connecting the midpoints of the two second components; The first section, the second section, the first component and the second component together form a fan-shaped structure.

4. The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the first section is 11 times the radius of the outer ring of the first component, the inner ring radius of the first component is 14 times the width of the first component, and the widths of the first component, the second component and the third component are all equal.

5. The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer, and the third dielectric layer are equal-sized square structures, and the side length of the square structure is equal to a half wavelength corresponding to the center frequency.

6. The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The incident layer comprises: a plurality of linear strip structures arranged in parallel and at intervals; Two ends of the linear structure are respectively connected to a group of opposite sides of the first dielectric layer.

7. The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The number of the linear strip structures is five.

8. The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Also includes: a first air layer and a second air layer; The first air layer is disposed between the first medium layer and the transmission layer, and the second air layer is disposed between the second medium layer and the output layer.

9. The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are all made of transparent non-metallic materials.

10. The ultra-wideband transmission array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: Also includes: Feeds; The feed source and the transmission array are spaced apart.

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