Bionic spiral flow channel structure of new energy automobile motor water-cooled casing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of motors, in particular to a bionic spiral flow channel structure of a new energy automobile motor water-cooled casing, which comprises a machine body, the machine body comprises a casing, a continuous spiral cooling channel is embedded in the casing in the circumferential direction, and the cooling channel is arranged in a left-right penetrating manner along the axial direction of the casing; a groove is formed in the inner wall face of the cooling channel, a rotating shaft is fixedly installed in the groove, and the flow deflectors are hinged to the groove through the rotating shaft so that the flow deflectors can rotate around the rotating shaft. A memory spring is arranged in the trigger groove, one end of the memory spring is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the trigger groove, and the other end of the memory spring is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the groove; when the temperature of the cooling liquid exceeds a set threshold value, the memory spring drives the flow deflector to rotate around the rotating fulcrum from the closed position to the open position to form a fluid turbulent flow structure, and when the temperature is reduced, the memory spring contracts and pulls the flow deflector to reset into the groove.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of motors, and in particular to a bionic spiral flow channel structure of a water-cooling casing of a new energy vehicle motor. Background Art

[0002] In the new energy vehicle sector, efficient heat dissipation from drive motors is a key technology for ensuring vehicle performance and reliability. Existing motor water-cooling housings typically utilize a fixed spiral flow channel design, removing heat generated by the motor through forced circulation of coolant. However, this traditional structure presents a significant trade-off between heat dissipation efficiency and energy consumption.

[0003] Traditional fixed flow channels cannot dynamically adjust cooling intensity based on the motor's real-time thermal load. Under low-temperature operating conditions (such as during motor startup or light-load driving in urban areas), the motor generates minimal heat, but the fixed flow channel maintains a constant cooling flow. Excessive coolant circulation wastes pump power, and excessive cooling prolongs the time it takes for the motor to reach optimal operating temperature, increasing energy losses.

[0004] However, under high-temperature operating conditions (such as high-speed cruising or hill climbing), motor heat generation increases dramatically, and the insufficient turbulence intensity of the fixed flow channel becomes a heat dissipation bottleneck. Due to the fixed flow channel structure, the coolant flow rate and turbulence level cannot automatically increase with rising temperature, making it difficult to meet high heat dissipation requirements. This creates an irreconcilable contradiction between heat dissipation efficiency and flow resistance. The turbulent flow structure designed to enhance heat dissipation significantly increases system flow resistance, which not only increases water pump energy consumption but also induces high-frequency fluid noise. Uneven temperature distribution is a prominent issue, prone to localized overheating in the core area of ​​the motor, accelerating insulation aging and limiting sustained output capacity. Mineral deposits formed by long-term coolant operation significantly reduce heat transfer efficiency. The static flow channel lacks a self-cleaning mechanism, resulting in frequent maintenance and increased operating costs. Traditional fixed flow channels cannot adjust cooling intensity according to the real-time heat load of the motor. Under low-temperature conditions (such as during motor startup or light-load operation), excessive cooling flow results in unnecessary pump power consumption. Under high-temperature conditions (such as high-speed driving or hill climbing), the turbulence intensity of the fixed flow channel is insufficient to meet the high heat dissipation requirements, often leading to localized overheating of the motor.

[0005] In view of this, there is an urgent need for a bionic spiral flow channel structure for a water-cooling housing of a new energy vehicle motor to improve the deficiencies of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a bionic spiral flow channel structure for a water-cooled motor casing of a new energy vehicle. The structure increases the heat dissipation area through a through-type cooling channel. The guide vanes and memory springs can adaptively adjust their opening and closing states according to temperature changes. At low temperatures, the flow channel remains unobstructed, significantly reducing flow resistance and significantly reducing water pump energy consumption. At high temperatures, the structure expands to form a highly efficient turbulent flow structure, significantly enhancing turbulent heat exchange intensity. This thoroughly resolves the inherent contradiction between heat dissipation and flow resistance in traditional solutions, thereby addressing the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology, namely: Traditional fixed flow channels cannot adjust cooling intensity based on the motor's real-time thermal load. Under low-temperature conditions (such as during motor startup or light-load operation), excessive cooling flow leads to unnecessary pump power consumption. Meanwhile, under high-temperature conditions (such as high-speed driving or climbing a slope), the fixed flow channel's turbulence intensity is insufficient to meet the high heat dissipation requirements, often causing localized overheating in the motor.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a bionic spiral flow channel structure for a water-cooled housing of a new energy vehicle motor, comprising a housing, the housing including a housing, wherein a continuous spiral cooling channel is embedded circumferentially within the housing, the cooling channel being arranged to extend from side to side along the axial direction of the housing. A groove is formed on the inner wall surface of the cooling channel, a rotating shaft is fixedly installed in the groove, and the guide vane is hinged to the groove via the rotating shaft so that the guide vane can rotate around the rotating shaft; The back surface of the guide vane is provided with a trigger groove, and a memory spring is provided in the trigger groove. One end of the memory spring is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the trigger groove, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the groove. When the coolant temperature exceeds a set threshold, the memory spring drives the guide vane to rotate around the pivot point from a closed position to an open position, forming a fluid turbulence structure. When the temperature drops, the memory spring contracts and pulls the guide vane back into the groove.

[0008] In the above technical solution, when coolant flows through the spiral cooling channel of the casing, its temperature changes drive the memory spring to deform. When the temperature rises, the memory spring is heated and elongated, pushing the guide vane to rotate and expand around the rotating axis toward the center of the flow channel, breaking the laminar boundary layer and inducing high-intensity turbulence, significantly enhancing heat transfer. When the temperature drops, the memory spring contracts, pulling the guide vane back into the groove and closing, eliminating additional flow resistance and returning the channel to a low-resistance state. This process achieves the integration of temperature self-sensing and action execution through a purely mechanical structure: the opening and closing angle of the guide vane changes continuously with temperature, ensuring smooth flow in low-temperature conditions (energy-saving mode) and enhancing heat transfer through eddy currents in high-temperature conditions (enhanced mode). At the same time, the micro-vibration generated by the periodic opening and closing cooperates with the hydrophobic microgrooves on the surface to inhibit scale deposition, achieving simultaneous noise reduction, scale prevention, and energy efficiency optimization.

[0009] On this basis, when the coolant temperature changes, the memory spring drives the guide vane to dynamically adjust the opening and closing state. Under low-temperature conditions, the spring contracts, and the guide vane is completely embedded in the groove and flush with the inner wall of the flow channel, eliminating flow interference and making the flow channel smooth and streamlined; under high-temperature conditions, the spring extends, pushing the guide vane to expand to an angle of 15-30 degrees with the center line of the flow channel, directly cutting the mainstream to form a high-intensity vortex. At the same time, the trapezoidal micro-grooves on the surface induce the secondary flow to generate local micro-vortices in the grooves, and the double compound turbulence significantly destroys the thermal boundary layer.

[0010] Annular water cavities are located in the front and rear covers at both the front and rear ends of the casing. The front and rear ends of the guide vanes are connected to the end covers, respectively, so that the annular water cavities and the circumferentially continuous spiral cooling channels within the casing are connected, forming a closed cooling circuit. The coolant flows into the annular water cavity from the water inlet pipe of the rear cover, flows along the axial direction of the casing through the spiral cooling channel, removes the heat from the motor, and then flows into the annular water cavity of the front cover and out of the water outlet pipe. When the guide vane is driven to open and close in the cooling channel by the memory spring, the connection structure between its front and rear ends and the end cover ensures the through-and-through sealing of the annular water cavity and the spiral channel, so that the coolant always circulates in the closed loop. At the same time, the uniform cross-section design of the annular water cavity of the end cover can evenly distribute the flow rate of each section of the spiral channel, avoiding heat dissipation blind spots caused by uneven pressure at the flow channel inlet, and ensuring the stable operation of the cooling system.

[0011] In another technical solution, the memory spring adopts nickel-titanium-based bidirectional shape memory alloy, and the opening and closing movement of the guide vane generates micro-vibration, which reduces the adhesion of dirt on the inner wall of the cooling channel. The groove surface is covered with a hydrophobic coating with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm. The arc-shaped curved surface structure of the guide vane reduces the sound pressure level of the fluid pulsation noise, and the open state of the guide vane reduces the incidence of cavitation in the cooling channel.

[0012] In this technical solution, the memory spring made of memory alloy generates vibration when the guide vane is opened and closed due to temperature changes. This vibration acts on the inner wall of the cooling channel, reducing the adhesion of scale and other dirt. Combined with the 0.5-1 mm hydrophobic coating on the groove surface, the arc-shaped curved surface structure of the guide vane guides the fluid to form a smooth flow, reducing the sound pressure level of turbulent pulsation noise. At the same time, its open state forms a turbulent flow in the flow channel, breaking up bubbles in the fluid, thereby simultaneously achieving the multiple effects of anti-scaling, noise reduction and cavitation protection during the heat dissipation process.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooled housing of the new energy vehicle motor increases the heat dissipation area through a through-type cooling channel. The guide vanes and memory springs can adaptively adjust their opening and closing states according to temperature changes. At low temperatures, the flow channel remains unobstructed, significantly reducing flow resistance and significantly reducing water pump energy consumption. At high temperatures, it expands to form a highly efficient turbulent flow structure, significantly enhancing the intensity of turbulent heat exchange, and completely resolving the inherent contradiction between heat dissipation and flow resistance in traditional solutions. When the guide vane is subjected to force, the vibration and the surface grooves work together to effectively destroy the physical conditions for scale deposition. Combined with the hydrophobic properties, it significantly extends the system's maintenance-free cycle, greatly reduces the intensity of broadband noise, and suppresses the cavitation effect to extend the life of the water pump. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the embodiment; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the casing structure of an embodiment; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a housing according to an embodiment; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the rear end cover structure of an embodiment; Figure 6 For example Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the guide plate structure of the embodiment.

[0015] The meaning of each number in the figure is: 100. Machine body; 110. Machine casing; 111. Cooling channel; 112. Groove; 120. Front cover; 121. Water outlet pipe; 130. Rear cover; 131. Water inlet pipe; 132. Water cavity; 140. Guide vane; 141. Groove; 142. Trigger slot; 143. Memory spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The current traditional fixed flow channel cannot adjust the cooling intensity according to the real-time heat load of the motor. Under low temperature conditions (such as the motor startup phase or light load operation), excessive cooling flow will lead to unnecessary pump power waste; while under high temperature conditions (such as high speed driving or climbing), the turbulence intensity of the fixed flow channel is insufficient to meet the high heat dissipation requirements, often leading to local overheating of the motor. Figure 1-Figure 7As shown, this embodiment provides a bionic spiral flow channel structure for a water-cooled housing of a new energy vehicle motor, comprising a housing 100, which includes a housing 110. A continuous spiral cooling channel 111 is embedded circumferentially within the housing 110. The cooling channel 111 is arranged to penetrate the housing 110 axially from side to side. A groove 112 is formed on the inner wall of the cooling channel 111. A rotating shaft is fixedly installed in the groove 112. The guide vane 140 is hinged to the groove 112 via the rotating shaft, so that the guide vane 140 can rotate around the rotating shaft. A trigger groove 142 is provided on the back surface of the guide vane 140 . A memory spring 143 is disposed in the trigger groove 142 . One end of the memory spring 143 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the trigger groove 142 , and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the groove 112 . When the coolant temperature exceeds a set threshold, the memory spring 143 drives the guide vane 140 to rotate about the pivot point from a closed position to an open position, forming a fluid turbulence structure. When the temperature drops, the memory spring 143 contracts and pulls the guide vane 140 back into the groove 112.

[0018] During implementation, coolant flows through the circumferentially continuous spiral cooling channel 111 within the housing 110. When the motor operates and the coolant temperature exceeds the threshold set by the memory spring 143, the memory spring 143 undergoes a phase change due to the temperature increase, extending and pushing the trigger groove 142 on the backside of the guide vane 140. This causes the guide vane 140 to rotate about its axis within the groove 112 from a closed position flush with the inner wall of the flow channel to an open position 15 to 25 degrees, forming a turbulent structure within the flow channel, increasing fluid turbulence and improving heat dissipation efficiency. When the coolant temperature drops, the memory spring 143 contracts and pulls the guide vane 140 back around its axis into the groove 112, restoring the flow channel to a smooth state and reducing fluid resistance. During this process, the temperature-triggered deformation of the memory spring 143 drives the guide vane 140 to periodically open and close, enabling the cooling system to automatically adjust flow resistance and heat dissipation intensity in response to the motor's thermal load, without the need for an external energy source or electronic control system.

[0019] See also Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, coolant is injected into annular water chamber 132 from water inlet pipe 131 of rear end cover 130. It is then evenly distributed throughout the spiral flow path through the inlet of spiral cooling channel 111. As it flows through the spiral channel, which axially extends through housing 110, the coolant absorbs heat from the motor and then flows into annular water chamber 132 of front end cover 120. At this point, water chamber 132 of front end cover 120 acts as a manifold, directing the heated coolant to outlet pipe 121 to complete the circulation. This closed-loop design ensures balanced flow across each section of the spiral flow path through the equalizing pressure of annular water chamber 132, eliminating the uneven distribution problem associated with traditional parallel flow paths.

[0020] Figure 3In the case 110, a continuous spiral cooling channel 111 is embedded circumferentially within the housing 110. The channel extends left and right along the axis of the housing 110, forming a spiral fluid path extending from one end of the housing 110 to the other. When the coolant flows through the spiral channel, it makes a combined circumferential and axial motion along the spiral channel. Compared with a traditional straight channel, the spiral trajectory prolongs the contact path between the fluid and the inner wall of the housing 110, increasing the heat exchange time. At the same time, the centrifugal force generated by the spiral flow brings the fluid close to the outside of the housing 110, enhancing heat dissipation in the high-temperature areas of the motor. The continuous spiral structure avoids the interface resistance of traditional segmented flow channels, reducing the fluid pressure drop, improving heat dissipation efficiency while ensuring the fluid dynamic performance of the cooling system.

[0021] Also, see Figure 4 As shown, the guide vane 140 is hinged to the groove 112 via a rotating shaft, forming a movable connection structure that can rotate around the axis. When the coolant temperature changes, the memory spring 143 drives the guide vane 140 to rotate within the groove 112 with the rotating shaft as the fulcrum. At low temperatures, the guide vane 140 is in a closed state, fitting against the inner wall of the groove 112, and the flow channel remains smooth to reduce fluid resistance. At high temperatures, the guide vane 140 rotates out of the groove 112 around the rotating shaft to an open state, forming a turbulent structure within the flow channel. This hinged design not only ensures the flexibility of the guide vane 140's rotation, but also prevents it from shifting under the impact of high-speed fluid by limiting its storage position through the groove 112, ensuring the sealing of the guide vane 140 during rotation and preventing coolant leakage.

[0022] See also Figure 6 As shown, when the guide vane 140 is driven by the memory spring 143 to open and close and impact with the water flow, it generates vibrations. This vibration is transmitted to the channel surface through the mechanical coupling between the guide vane 140 and the inner wall of the cooling channel 111, subjecting dirt adhering to the channel inner wall to periodic shear and impact forces. When the vibration energy exceeds the adhesion between the dirt and the wall, the dirt particles gradually peel off and are discharged with the coolant, achieving a self-cleaning effect and avoiding the problem of reduced heat dissipation efficiency caused by scaling in traditional channels.

[0023] See also Figure 7 As shown, when memory spring 143 contracts, guide vane 140 adheres to the inner wall of groove 112, forming a closed state. This creates a smooth inner wall, reducing fluid flow resistance and pressure. When memory spring 143 extends, guide vane 140 expands to an angle of 15 to 30 degrees with the centerline of the flow channel, creating a turbulent flow structure within the flow channel, promoting turbulence and enhancing heat dissipation. Simultaneously, the array of trapezoidal microgrooves 141 on the surface of guide vane 140 generates secondary flow as fluid passes through, forming localized vortices within grooves 141. This not only enhances heat exchange between the fluid and the inner wall of housing 110, but also reduces dirt deposition through the scouring action of the vortices, improving self-cleaning capabilities.

[0024] When memory spring 143, made of a nickel-titanium-based bidirectional shape memory alloy, undergoes a phase change in response to changes in coolant temperature, it drives guide vane 140 to open and close around its axis of rotation. The 0.5-1 mm hydrophobic coating covering the trapezoidal grooves 141 on the surface of guide vane 140 works synergistically with the localized eddies formed when the fluid flows through grooves 141 to reduce surface scaling. Furthermore, the curved surface structure of guide vane 140 creates a scattering effect during fluid pulsation, reducing noise. The turbulent flow structure formed when guide vane 140 opens breaks bubbles into microbubbles, preventing cavitation damage to the inner wall of housing 110 and achieving system-level performance improvements in heat dissipation, noise reduction, anti-scaling, and anti-cavitation.

[0025] In the embodiment of this invention, the bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooled motor casing of a new energy vehicle is used. First, when low-temperature coolant flows through the continuous spiral cooling channel 111 within the casing 110, the memory spring 143 contracts, pulling the guide vane 140 completely into the inner wall of the groove 112, forming a smooth flow channel surface. At this point, fluid resistance is significantly reduced, achieving energy-saving operation. As the motor operating temperature rises and the coolant temperature exceeds a set threshold, the nickel-titanium-based memory spring 143 heats up and elongates, generating a driving force that propels the guide vane 140 to rotate and unfold around the rotating axis toward the center of the flow channel. When the guide vane 140 unfolds to an angle of 15-30 degrees with the flow channel centerline, its incoming flow surface directly cuts into the mainstream flow, generating high-intensity turbulence. Simultaneously, the array of trapezoidal microgrooves 141 on the surface of the guide vane 140 induces secondary flow, generating local vortices within the grooves 141. This dual composite turbulence effect continuously breaks up the thermal boundary layer, significantly enhancing heat exchange intensity.

[0026] The coolant's impact on the guide vane 140 causes vibrations, which are transmitted to the inner wall of the flow channel, disrupting the interface where scale crystals adhere. Combined with the 0.5-1 mm thick hydrophobic coating on the surface of the microgrooves 141, this creates a super-hydrophobic effect. The unique aerodynamic curved surface of the guide vane 140 optimizes the fluid separation point, shifting the phase of pressure pulsation waves by more than 120° and significantly reducing broadband noise pressure levels. When deployed, the precise gap between the guide lip and the flow channel wall suppresses the collapse of cavitation bubbles.

[0027] The coolant circulation path consists of an annular water cavity 132 in the dual-end caps and a spiral channel, forming a highly efficient closed loop. Cooling medium is injected into the annular distribution cavity from the water inlet pipe 131 in the rear end cap 130, evenly enters the spiral channel, absorbs heat, and then flows through the annular manifold in the front end cap 120 into the water outlet pipe 121. This symmetrical structure eliminates uneven flow distribution and, combined with the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the guide vanes 140, ultimately achieves a four-fold coordinated optimization of heat dissipation efficiency, flow resistance control, anti-scaling capabilities, and noise suppression, all without the need for an external control unit.

[0028] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A bionic spiral flow channel structure for a water-cooling housing of a new energy vehicle motor, characterized by: The machine body (100) includes a housing (110), wherein a continuous spiral cooling channel (111) is embedded in the circumferential direction of the interior of the housing (110), and the cooling channel (111) is arranged to penetrate the housing (110) in the axial direction from left to right. A groove (112) is provided on the inner wall surface of the cooling channel (111), a rotating shaft is fixedly installed in the groove (112), and the guide vane (140) is hinged to the groove (112) via the rotating shaft, so that the guide vane (140) can rotate around the rotating shaft; The back surface of the guide plate (140) is provided with a trigger groove (142), and a memory spring (143) is provided in the trigger groove (142). One end of the memory spring (143) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the trigger groove (142), and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the groove (112); When the coolant temperature exceeds a set threshold, the memory spring (143) drives the guide plate (140) to rotate around the rotation fulcrum from a closed position to an open position, forming a fluid turbulence structure. When the temperature drops, the memory spring (143) contracts and pulls the guide plate (140) back into the groove (112).

2. The bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooling housing of the new energy vehicle motor according to claim 1 is characterized by: When the memory spring (143) contracts, the guide plate (140) is in a closed state against the inner wall of the groove (112), and the flow channel pressure is reduced. When the memory spring (143) extends, the guide plate (140) is expanded to form an angle of 15 to 30 degrees with the center line of the flow channel.

3. The bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooling housing of the new energy vehicle motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: An array of trapezoidal cross-section micro-grooves (141) is provided on the surface of the guide plate (140). The grooves (141) are used to generate secondary flows when fluid flows through, forming local vortices within the grooves (141).

4. The bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooling housing of the new energy vehicle motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the guide plate (140) are respectively connected to the front cover (120) and the rear cover (130), and an annular water cavity (132) is provided inside the front cover (120) and the rear cover (130); the annular water cavity (132) and the spiral cooling channel (111) are connected to form a closed loop.

5. The bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooling housing of the new energy vehicle motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The front and rear ends of the housing (110) are respectively connected to a front cover (120) and a rear cover (130), and an annular water cavity (132) is provided inside the front cover (120) and the rear cover (130); The annular water cavity (132) and the spiral cooling channel (111) are connected to form a closed loop.

6. The bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooling housing of the new energy vehicle motor according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The rear end cover (130) is connected to the water inlet pipe (131), and the front end cover (120) is connected to the water outlet pipe (121). Both the water inlet pipe (131) and the water outlet pipe (121) are in communication with the annular water cavity (132).

7. The bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooling housing of the new energy vehicle motor according to claim 1 is characterized by: The memory spring (143) is made of a nickel-titanium-based two-way shape memory alloy.

8. The bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooling housing of the new energy vehicle motor according to claim 1 is characterized by: The opening and closing movement of the guide vane (140) generates micro-vibration, and the micro-vibration reduces the adhesion between dirt on the inner wall of the cooling channel (111) and the inner wall.

9. The bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooling housing of the new energy vehicle motor according to claim 3 is characterized by: The surface of the groove (141) is covered with a hydrophobic coating with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm.

10. The bionic spiral flow channel structure of the water-cooling housing of the new energy vehicle motor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The arc-shaped curved surface structure of the guide vane (140) reduces the sound pressure level of fluid pulsation noise, and the guide vane (140) is used to reduce the cavitation rate in the cooling channel (111) when in an open state.

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