Jade carving process using addition decoration technique

Abstract

The invention provides a jade carving process utilizing an addition decoration technique, and belongs to the technical field of jade carving processes. The jade carving process utilizing the addition decoration technique comprises the steps that defect positioning is conducted on raw stone through three lamps, and marking is conducted; a shallow groove smaller than or equal to 0.2 mm is cut along the marking area, only surface tension is damaged, and the shallow groove does not go deep into jade meat; the wall thickness larger than or equal to 0.5 mm is reserved, and steps are provided for subsequent material stacking; a to-be-added area is quickly swept through a plasma pen or alcohol flame, and interface activation is conducted; solidifying the to-be-added area and the quantitative superposed material; adding toner into the rest of the superimposed material, and processing the area of the superimposed material to form a gradual change belt; carrying out integral packaging, and inspecting the jade; the technical problems that irreversible damage can be caused to jade and the failure rate is high due to the fact that a traditional jade carving process adopts subtraction operation of digging dirt and removing locks can be solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of jade carving, and in particular relates to a jade carving process using an additive decoration method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Jade carving is one of the traditional Chinese carving arts, with a long history and profound cultural heritage. It uses various natural jade to create exquisite works of art through cutting, carving, polishing and other processes. Jade carving is not just a craft, but also contains rich culture and symbolic meaning. The basis of jade carving is jade, which is divided into two categories: soft jade and hard jade. Soft jade is most famous for Hetian jade, and hard jade is represented by emerald. Different types of jade have different textures, colors and textures, and the carving process will vary depending on the characteristics of the jade. The cutting and carving tools of traditional jade carving are relatively simple, and common tools include knives, saws, grinding stones, etc. With the development of technology, modern jade carving has introduced more precise tools, such as electric carving machines and laser engraving equipment, but hand carving is still an important feature of traditional jade carving. Polishing and polishing of jade works are important steps to determine the texture and luster. Traditional polishing usually uses fine sandpaper, grinding stones, etc., and today electric polishing tools can also be used. The higher the fineness of the jade, the higher the difficulty and process requirements for polishing. Relief refers to the carved patterns with a certain level of background, while sculpture is the carving of jade into a complete three-dimensional form. Translucent carving uses the natural texture or color variation of jade to create a translucent effect, increasing the artistic effect of the work. Openwork carving removes excess jade to create an openwork effect, enhancing the three-dimensional and translucent effects. The design of jade carving often combines traditional Chinese culture and philosophical thoughts, such as Confucianism, Taoism, and folk legends. Common themes include flowers and birds, figures, animals, auspicious objects, etc. The works not only pursue aesthetics, but also convey meaning and blessings.

[0003] Traditional jade carving uses the subtractive operation of "digging dirty and removing threads", which can cause irreversible damage to the jade and has a high failure rate. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application provides a jade carving process using an additive decoration method, which can solve the technical problem of traditional jade carving using the subtractive operation of "digging dirty and removing threads", which can cause irreversible damage to the jade and has a high failure rate.

[0005] The present application is implemented as follows:

[0006] The present application provides a jade carving process using an additive decoration method, which includes the following specific steps:

[0007] S10: Defect positioning of the original stone is performed by three lamps, and a mark is made;

[0008] S20: Cut out a shallow groove of ≤0.2 mm along the marked area to only destroy the surface tension without penetrating the jade flesh; reserve a wall thickness of ≥0.5 mm to provide a step for subsequent material stacking;

[0009] S30: Quickly scan the area to be added by a plasma pen or alcohol flame to activate the interface;

[0010] S40: Solidify the area to be added and the stacked material;

[0011] S50: Add toner to the remaining stacked material to process the area of the stacked material and form a gradient zone;

[0012] S60: Perform overall packaging and test the jade.

[0013] On the basis of the above technical scheme, the jade carving process using the additive decoration method can be further improved as follows:

[0014] The specific steps of marking the original stone by the three lamps include:

[0015] Firstly, prepare a 365 nm ultraviolet flashlight, a 650 nm laser pen, and an incandescent side light desk lamp;

[0016] Secondly, in a dark room, fix the ultraviolet flashlight at a distance of 10 cm from the original stone, and circle the positions showing purple or black color with a washable red pen;

[0017] Thirdly, attach the laser pen to the original stone and irradiate, and lightly draw the positions with crack penetration of >0.1 mm along the line with a 0.3 mm automatic pencil;

[0018] Fourthly, irradiate the incandescent side light desk lamp at 45°, take a 4000×3000 px photo, transfer to the computer, mark the color layer boundary position, and back-project the picture to the laser projector for alignment to mark on the original stone.

[0019] Further, the specific steps of cutting out a shallow groove of ≤0.2 mm along the marked area to only destroy the surface tension without penetrating the jade flesh, and reserving a wall thickness of ≥0.5 mm to provide a step for subsequent material stacking include:

[0020] Firstly, install a depth limiting ring of ≤0.2 mm on a 0.1 mm ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel;

[0021] Secondly, walk along the inside of the marked area by 0.5 mm;

[0022] Thirdly, the groove depth is 0.15-0.20 mm, and the groove bottom leaves a jade wall of 0.5 mm;

[0023] The fourth step is to set a 45° micro-bevel at the corners to facilitate the foil / resin wrapping.

[0024] Furthermore, the specific steps for interface activation by rapidly scanning the area to be treated with a plasma pen or an alcohol flame include:

[0025] First, aim the nozzle of the plasma pen or alcohol flame at the area to be treated by 5 mm.

[0026] The second step involves quickly sweeping the material across the area to be treated for 3–5 seconds to remove oil and oxide film, and to create a slight roughness that significantly improves the adhesion of metal or resin.

[0027] The third step involves layering materials within 10 minutes of interface activation to prevent recontamination.

[0028] Furthermore, the specific steps for curing the area to be treated and the quantitatively stacked material include:

[0029] The first step is to select the overlay material, specifically one of the following: gold, silver, copper foil, nano-conductive ink, cold enamel, or ultraviolet resin.

[0030] The second step is to use a silicone pen or microsyringe to transfer a quantitative amount of material in one go, adding 0.05 mL of material to each square centimeter of the area to be added;

[0031] The third step is to cure using infrared 60 ℃ or ultraviolet 6 W, with a curing time of ≤3 min;

[0032] Fourth step: Cover the area with tape and tear it off three times without any peeling edges to ensure complete curing;

[0033] When using gold, silver, and copper foil materials for layering, shellac at a depth of 0.05 mL / cm² is used as the base.

[0034] Furthermore, the specific steps of adding color powder to the remaining superimposed material and processing the area of ​​the superimposed material to form a gradient band include:

[0035] The first step is to add 5–10% jade powder or color powder to the layered material;

[0036] The second step is to hold a 0.2 mm airbrush 15 cm away from the area where the material is to be stacked and quickly sweep it across, using a 45° angle followed by a 90° angle to create a gradient band of 0.3–0.8 mm.

[0037] The third step is to use instant UV flash to fix the effect for 10 seconds to prevent powder from flying off.

[0038] Furthermore, the specific steps for performing the overall packaging include:

[0039] The first step involves using one of the following: phase change microcapsules, UV epoxy resin, or silica sol.

[0040] The second step involves dipping the encapsulation material into the stacked area, centrifuging it to dry, and then curing it with a UV lamp to form a 2–5 μm transparent film that completely seals the stacked area.

[0041] Among them, 28–33 ℃ is used; the silica sol is made of silicon dioxide, n=1.45.

[0042] Furthermore, before the step of curing the area to be added and the quantitatively stacked material, a surface contact angle test is performed after plasma treatment to quantitatively verify the activation effect and avoid false adhesion.

[0043] After the step of curing the area to be added and the quantitatively stacked material, the area is scanned by a confocal microscope or a 3D profilometer to confirm that there are no bubbles or step defects.

[0044] The process involves adding color powder to the remaining superimposed material, processing the area of ​​the superimposed material to form a gradient band, and then reading it using a CIE Lab colorimeter to establish a color band database, thereby achieving a reproducible gradient.

[0045] The jade was tested using an accelerated aging treatment at 85 ℃ / 85 %RH for 72 h to verify the yellowing, powdering, and adhesion degradation of the encapsulation layer.

[0046] Furthermore, in the step of forming the gradient band, the jade powder and color powder need to be ball-milled to make n≈1.53–1.54, thereby reducing interface scattering;

[0047] Diels-Alder crosslinked UV resin needs to be added to the superimposed material for thermal reversible decomposition at 120 °C.

[0048] Furthermore, the step of adding color powder to the remaining superimposed material and processing the area of ​​the superimposed material to form a gradient band is repeated to form a multi-layer depth-of-field superposition.

[0049] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the jade carving technique using additive decoration provided by this invention are:

[0050] S10: Locate and mark defects in the rough stone using three lights.

[0051] Equipment preparation: First, you need to prepare three light sources: a 365 nm ultraviolet flashlight, a 650 nm laser pointer, and an incandescent sidelight desk lamp.

[0052] UV flashlight: In a dark room, use a UV flashlight, fixed 10 cm away from the raw stone, to shine on it. The UV light can reveal cracks or defects in the stone. Use a washable red pen to mark the areas that appear purple or black.

[0053] Laser pointer: Illuminate the raw stone with a laser pointer; the cracks will show a translucent effect. If the translucent area of ​​the crack is greater than 0.1 mm, lightly draw along the crack with a 0.3 mm mechanical pencil to make further markings.

[0054] Incandescent sidelight desk lamp: Illuminate the stone at a 45° angle, take a high-resolution photo (4000×3000 px), import the photo into the computer, mark the color layer boundary lines, and finally mark the raw stone with a laser projector.

[0055] S20: Cut a shallow groove ≤0.2 mm along the marked area to only disrupt the surface tension and not penetrate deep into the jade.

[0056] Tool preparation: Select a 0.1 mm ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel and install a depth limit ring of ≤0.2 mm to ensure that the cutting depth does not exceed 0.2 mm.

[0057] Cutting steps: Cut along the marked line, keeping the groove depth between 0.15 and 0.20 mm, and the bottom of the groove must maintain a jade wall thickness of at least 0.5 mm.

[0058] Micro-beveling: A 45° micro-beveling is set at the corners to facilitate the subsequent edge wrapping of materials such as foil or resin, ensuring a smooth transition at the edges and avoiding obvious seams.

[0059] S30: Quickly sweep the area to be treated with a plasma pen or alcohol flame to activate the interface.

[0060] Plasma pen / alcohol flame application: Keep the nozzle of the plasma pen or alcohol flame 5 mm away from the area to be treated, and quickly sweep it across the area for 3–5 seconds.

[0061] Effect: This step removes surface oil and oxide film, while creating a slightly rough texture that significantly improves the adhesion of subsequent metal or resin applications. This process must be completed within 10 minutes to prevent contamination from affecting the adhesion again.

[0062] S40: Curing is performed on the area to be treated and after a certain amount of material is applied.

[0063] Material selection: Select appropriate overlay materials (such as gold foil, silver foil, copper foil, nano-conductive ink or ultraviolet resin, etc.).

[0064] Quantitative transfer: Use a silicone pen or microsyringe to quantitatively transfer the stacked material in one go, adding 0.05 mL of material per square centimeter.

[0065] Curing process: Use an infrared lamp at 60℃ or a UV lamp at 6W for curing, with a curing time not exceeding 3 minutes. To ensure curing quality, cover with tape and quickly peel off 3 times to ensure no edge lifting.

[0066] S50: Add color powder to the remaining overlay material to process the area of ​​the overlay material and form a gradient band.

[0067] Adding pigment: Add 5–10% jade powder or pigment to the remaining layering material. This will affect the final color effect.

[0068] Gradient banding: Using an airbrush with a 0.2 mm nozzle and a spraying distance of 15 cm, spray at 45° and 90° angles to create a gradient band of 0.3–0.8 mm. After spraying, an immediate UV flash can be used to fix the color powder and prevent it from scattering.

[0069] S60: Perform overall packaging and inspect the jade.

[0070] Encapsulation material selection: Select materials such as phase change microcapsules, UV epoxy resin or silica sol for encapsulation according to actual needs.

[0071] Encapsulation process: After the encapsulation material is dipped into the stacked area, it is centrifuged to dry and then cured by ultraviolet light to form a transparent film with a thickness of 2-5μm, ensuring complete sealing of the stacked area.

[0072] Temperature control: Encapsulation is carried out at an environment of 28-33℃ to ensure stable curing of the material.

[0073] Surface contact angle test: Before curing, the surface is subjected to a contact angle test after plasma treatment to quantitatively verify the activation effect and ensure the stability of adhesion.

[0074] Microscopic inspection: After curing, the layers are scanned using a confocal microscope or 3D profilometer to ensure that there are no bubbles or step defects.

[0075] Color ribbon database: A color ribbon database is established by reading data from a CIE Lab colorimeter to ensure the reproducibility of gradient ribbon effects.

[0076] Accelerated aging treatment: Accelerated aging tests were conducted at 85℃ / 85%RH to verify the durability of the encapsulation layer.

[0077] Multi-layer gradient processing

[0078] Ball milling treatment of color powder and jade powder: Through ball milling, the refractive index of color powder and jade powder is brought closer to 1.53–1.54, reducing interface scattering and improving the fineness of the gradient effect.

[0079] Diels-Alder crosslinked resin: To improve thermal stability, Diels-Alder crosslinked UV resin is added to the composite material to ensure that it can undergo thermal decomposition at 120°C.

[0080] These meticulous steps and techniques ensure that every part of the jade carving undergoes precise processing and decoration, thus achieving a perfect combination of aesthetics and structure. Attached Figure Description

[0081] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a jade carving technique that utilizes additive decoration. Detailed Implementation

[0082] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0083] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a flowchart of an additive decoration technique for jade carving provided by this invention. The flowchart includes the following specific steps:

[0084] S10: Defects in the raw stone are located and marked using three lights;

[0085] S20: Cut a shallow groove of ≤0.2 mm along the marked area to only break the surface tension and not penetrate into the jade; retain a wall thickness of ≥0.5 mm to provide a step for subsequent material stacking;

[0086] S30: Quickly sweep the area to be treated with a plasma pen or alcohol flame to activate the interface;

[0087] S40: Curing is performed on the area to be treated and after a certain amount of material is applied;

[0088] S50: Add color powder to the remaining superimposed material to process the area of ​​the superimposed material and form a gradient band;

[0089] S60: Perform overall packaging and inspect the jade.

[0090] In the above technical solution, the specific steps for locating and marking defects in the raw stone using three lights include:

[0091] The first step is to prepare a 365 nm ultraviolet flashlight, a 650 nm laser pointer, and an incandescent side-lit desk lamp;

[0092] The second step is to fix an ultraviolet flashlight 10cm away from the raw stone in a dark room and circle the purple or black areas with a washable red pen.

[0093] The third step is to place the laser pointer against the raw stone and lightly draw along the line where the crack is more than 0.1 mm transparent;

[0094] The fourth step is to illuminate the stone with an incandescent sidelight lamp at a 45° angle and take a 4000×3000 px photo. Transfer the photo to the computer, mark the color layer boundary, and project the image back onto the laser projector for alignment. Mark the stone with the laser projector.

[0095] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the specific steps of cutting a shallow groove of ≤0.2 mm along the marked area only disrupt the surface tension and do not penetrate deep into the jade; retaining a wall thickness of ≥0.5 mm to provide a step for subsequent material stacking include:

[0096] The first step is to install a depth limiting ring with a diameter of ≤0.2 mm on a 0.1 mm ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel;

[0097] The second step is to cut along the inner side of the marked area by 0.5 mm;

[0098] The third step is to groove to a depth of 0.15–0.20 mm, leaving a 0.5 mm jade wall at the bottom of the groove;

[0099] The fourth step is to set a 45° micro-bevel at the corners to facilitate the foil / resin wrapping.

[0100] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the specific steps for interface activation by quickly sweeping a plasma pen or alcohol flame across the area to be treated include:

[0101] First, aim the nozzle of the plasma pen or alcohol flame at the area to be treated by 5 mm.

[0102] The second step involves quickly sweeping the material across the area to be treated for 3–5 seconds to remove oil and oxide film, and to create a slight roughness that significantly improves the adhesion of metal or resin.

[0103] The third step involves layering materials within 10 minutes of interface activation to prevent recontamination.

[0104] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the specific steps for curing the area to be added and the quantitatively stacked material include:

[0105] The first step is to select the overlay material, specifically one of the following: gold, silver, copper foil, nano-conductive ink, cold enamel, or ultraviolet resin.

[0106] The second step is to use a silicone pen or microsyringe to transfer a quantitative amount of material in one go, adding 0.05 mL of material to each square centimeter of the area to be added;

[0107] The third step is to cure using infrared 60 ℃ or ultraviolet 6 W, with a curing time of ≤3 min;

[0108] Fourth step: Cover the area with tape and tear it off three times without any peeling edges to ensure complete curing;

[0109] When using gold, silver, and copper foil materials for layering, shellac at a depth of 0.05 mL / cm² is used as the base.

[0110] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the specific steps of adding color powder to the remaining superimposed material and processing the area of ​​the superimposed material to form a gradient band include:

[0111] The first step is to add 5–10% jade powder or color powder to the layered material;

[0112] The second step is to hold a 0.2 mm airbrush 15 cm away from the area where the material is to be stacked and quickly sweep it across, using a 45° angle followed by a 90° angle to create a gradient band of 0.3–0.8 mm.

[0113] The third step is to use instant UV flash to fix the effect for 10 seconds to prevent powder from flying off.

[0114] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the specific steps for overall packaging include:

[0115] The first step involves using one of the following: phase change microcapsules, UV epoxy resin, or silica sol.

[0116] The second step involves dipping the encapsulation material into the stacked area, centrifuging it to dry, and then curing it with a UV lamp to form a 2–5 μm transparent film that completely seals the stacked area.

[0117] Among them, 28–33 ℃ is used; the silica sol is made of silicon dioxide, n=1.45.

[0118] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, before the step of curing the area to be added and the quantitatively stacked material, a surface contact angle test is performed after plasma treatment to quantitatively verify the activation effect and avoid false adhesion.

[0119] After curing the area to be added and the quantitatively stacked material, the area is scanned by a confocal microscope or a 3D profilometer to confirm that there are no bubbles or step defects.

[0120] Add color powder to the remaining superimposed material, process the area of ​​the superimposed material to form a gradient band, and then read it with a CIE Lab colorimeter to establish a color band database and realize a reproducible gradient.

[0121] The jade was tested by accelerated aging treatment at 85 ℃ / 85 %RH for 72 h to verify the yellowing, powdering, and adhesion decay of the encapsulation layer.

[0122] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, in the step of forming the gradient band, the jade powder and color powder need to be ball-milled to make n≈1.53–1.54, thereby reducing interface scattering;

[0123] Diels-Alder crosslinked UV resin needs to be added to the superimposed material for thermal reversible decomposition at 120 °C.

[0124] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, the steps of adding color powder to the remaining superimposed material and processing the area of ​​the superimposed material to form a gradient band are repeated to form a multi-layer depth-of-field superposition.

[0125] Example 1: Multi-layered gradient gold foil decorative jade carving technique

[0126] S10: Location and marking of defects in raw stones

[0127] In this embodiment, a three-light method is first used to comprehensively detect and mark defects in the jade rough stone to ensure the accuracy of subsequent finishing layers. Three light sources are prepared: a 365 nm ultraviolet flashlight, a 650 nm laser pointer, and an incandescent side-lit desk lamp. The operation steps are as follows:

[0128] 1. Ultraviolet Light Testing: In a dark room, fix an ultraviolet flashlight about 10 cm away from the raw stone and evenly illuminate its entire surface. Ultraviolet light can reveal micro-cracks, impurities, and color differences inside and on the surface of the jade. If purple or dark fluorescent areas appear on the surface of the jade, mark the corresponding locations with a washable red marker, and note the estimated width and depth of the crack next to the mark for reference during subsequent cutting.

[0129] 2. Laser Transmission Inspection: Use a 650 nm laser pointer to scan the surface of the jade and observe the light transmission through the cracks. For areas with a transmission width greater than 0.1 mm, lightly draw a continuous line along the crack using a 0.3 mm mechanical pencil. This step not only marks the location of the crack but also provides a guiding path for subsequent shallow groove cutting.

[0130] 3. Side-lit desk lamp photography and laser projection: Place an incandescent side-lit desk lamp at approximately a 45° angle to the jade surface and take high-resolution photos (4000×3000 px). Compare the different color layers and flaw locations in the images. Import the photos into a computer, use image processing software to mark the color layer boundaries, and then use a laser projector to precisely project the markings onto the surface of the raw stone. This ultimately creates a visual marking map, ensuring accurate identification of each area and avoiding misoperation.

[0131] S20: Shallow groove cutting and micro-beveling

[0132] After the positioning marks are completed, shallow grooves are cut along the marked lines to provide a base for gold foil embedding.

[0133] 1. Tool preparation: Select a 0.1 mm ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel and install a depth limit ring with a depth of ≤0.2 mm to ensure that the cutting depth does not exceed 0.2 mm.

[0134] 2. Cutting Operation: During operation, follow the marked lines with the cutter, controlling the depth between 0.15–0.20 mm, and maintaining a minimum jade wall thickness of 0.5 mm at the bottom of the groove. Maintain a constant cutting speed during the process to avoid thermal cracking or jade breakage due to excessive speed.

[0135] 3. Micro-beveling treatment: Perform a 45° micro-beveling treatment on the edge of the groove, with the beveling width controlled between 0.05 and 0.1 mm, so that the gold foil can be smoothly embedded later, avoiding the metal material from warping or generating air bubbles.

[0136] S30: Surface activated

[0137] After cutting, use a plasma pen or alcohol flame to activate the surface of the area to be treated, thereby improving the adhesion of the gold foil.

[0138] 1. Plasma / alcohol treatment: Keep the nozzle about 5 mm away from the jade surface and treat each target area with a rapid sweeping motion (3–5 seconds).

[0139] 2. Effect Observation: After treatment, the surface exhibits a slightly uniform roughness, and surface oil and oxide film are completely removed. At this point, the contact angle is measured to ensure that the water contact angle is less than 30°, in order to verify the surface activation effect.

[0140] 3. Time control: The time from surface activation to the application of the superimposed material should not exceed 10 minutes to avoid re-adsorption of pollutants and affect the adhesion effect.

[0141] S40: Gold foil overlay and curing

[0142] 24K gold foil with 99% purity is used for layering, combined with a trace amount of UV resin to achieve local fixation.

[0143] 1. Quantitative layering: Using a silicone pen or microsyringe, apply UV resin to the shallow groove, adding 0.05 mL per square centimeter. Then, gently press the gold foil into the groove to ensure complete coverage.

[0144] 2. Curing process: Irradiate with a 6W UV lamp, with each curing time not exceeding 3 minutes. To prevent the gold foil from peeling, cover it with transparent tape before curing, and quickly remove it 3 times after curing to ensure that the edges of the gold foil adhere tightly.

[0145] 3. Microscopic inspection: After curing, each stacked area is scanned using a confocal microscope to ensure the gold foil is flat and free of bubbles. Areas with bubbles or minor curling are locally repaired and then cured again.

[0146] S50: Gradient color treatment

[0147] A mixture of gold powder and jade powder is added to the incompletely cured gold foil to create a gradient effect.

[0148] 1. Color powder mixing: Gold powder and jade powder are mixed in a ratio of 5-10% and processed with a ball mill to make the refractive index close to 1.53-1.54 in order to reduce interface scattering.

[0149] 2. Spraying Operation: Use a 0.2 mm nozzle airbrush, spraying at a distance of 15 cm, using a 45° and 90° cross spraying technique to create a 0.3–0.8 mm gradient band. After spraying, use an immediate UV flash lamp to fix the color powder and prevent it from scattering.

[0150] 3. Multi-layer overlay: 1-3 layers of gradient overlay can be repeated according to design requirements, with UV curing between each layer to create a natural transition effect.

[0151] S60: Packaging and Final Inspection

[0152] To protect the superposition layers and improve durability, overall encapsulation and testing are performed.

[0153] 1. Encapsulation material selection: Select UV epoxy resin or silica sol as needed, with the thickness controlled between 2 and 5 μm.

[0154] 2. Dip coating and centrifugal drying: Dip the encapsulation material into the stacked area and use a centrifuge to dry the excess material.

[0155] 3. Curing conditions: Curing is carried out at 28–33℃ using ultraviolet or infrared lamps.

[0156] 4. Accelerated aging test: Place the encapsulated jade carving in an environment of 85℃ / 85% RH for 72 hours for accelerated aging test, and observe whether the encapsulation layer shows blistering, peeling or fading.

[0157] 5. Color strip database recording: Use a CIE Lab colorimeter to record the gradient effect and store it in a database for batch reproduction.

[0158] 6. Final inspection: Scan the surface with a 3D profilometer to ensure there are no stepped defects or bubbles, guaranteeing that the overall decorative layer is beautiful and firm.

[0159] Example 2: Jade Carving Technique Inlaid with Silver Wire

[0160] S10: Raw Stone Selection and Defect Assessment

[0161] First, select suitable rough jade for inlaying silver threads based on its structure, luster, transparency, and color. The surface of the rough jade must be smooth, and there should be no large cracks, impurities, or air bubbles inside. During the selection process, the inclusions and color matching of the jade should be taken into account to achieve the desired effect of the silver threads.

[0162] 1. Preliminary screening: The surface and internal structure of the rough stone are observed using an optical microscope, and areas with cracks and impurities are marked. To avoid crack propagation after the silver thread is embedded, jade with fewer cracks and a compact structure is selected.

[0163] 2. Defect Assessment: Defect detection is performed using ultraviolet light, recording information such as cracks, bubbles, and color differences. If excessively large cracks or deviations from the design lines are found, it is necessary to select new jade or redesign the process.

[0164] S20: Cutting and Carving

[0165] After selecting the jade, preliminary cutting and carving are carried out to ensure the fit of the embedded silver wire with the design pattern. The carving operation must ensure that the cut surface is flat and does not affect the accuracy of subsequent processes.

[0166] 1. Cutting Equipment Selection: A high-precision CNC cutting machine is used, requiring meticulous operation during the cutting process. Ultra-hard materials are selected for the cutting blades to ensure the jade surface is not damaged, and the cutting edges are sharp, facilitating subsequent carving and embedding.

[0167] 2. Carving Path Design: Based on the design pattern, mark the carving path onto the jade surface. The carving depth should be controlled between 0.5 and 1.0 mm to ensure that the silver wire can be embedded without affecting the integrity of the jade itself.

[0168] 3. Exquisite carving: Using fine carving tools, exquisite patterns such as flowers, birds, landscapes, etc. are carved. The carving depth is consistent with the cutting groove depth to ensure the three-dimensional effect of the pattern.

[0169] S30: Silver wire preparation and embedding

[0170] The choice of silver wire is crucial to the jade carving effect; the silver wire must be fine, flexible, and corrosion-resistant. The silver wire is cut, stretched, and polished to fit the inlay on the jade surface.

[0171] 1. Silver wire selection: Select high-purity 925 silver wire with a diameter of 0.2 mm and use an oxide-free protective cover to maintain its brightness.

[0172] 2. Silver wire stretching: Use a manual wire drawing machine to stretch the silver wire to the required thickness, ensuring that the diameter of each section of silver wire is consistent.

[0173] 3. Embedding Process: Based on the shape of the carved groove, the silver wire is bent into the designed pattern and embedded into the jade groove. By gently pressing the silver wire, it is made to fit tightly against the groove wall, ensuring that the silver wire will not loosen due to temperature changes or long-term use.

[0174] S40: Silver wire soldering and fixing

[0175] After the silver wire is embedded, it needs to be reinforced by welding to ensure its stability. The welding process requires precision to avoid the impact of high temperatures on the jade.

[0176] 1. Preparation of welding tools: Use a special micro welding gun and low-temperature welding materials to ensure that the temperature is controlled below 150℃ to prevent damage to the jade.

[0177] 2. Welding Operation: Apply welding material evenly to the part of the silver wire that contacts the tank wall, and then spot weld using a micro welding gun. Heat each weld point for 1–2 seconds to ensure a firm connection between the silver wire and the jade.

[0178] 3. Cooling treatment: After welding, the jade carving is placed in a cooling liquid to cool it quickly to avoid the jade from cracking or changing color due to excessive temperature.

[0179] S50: Cleaning and Polishing

[0180] After the silver wire welding is completed, tiny welding residues may appear on the entire jade carving surface, requiring meticulous cleaning and polishing.

[0181] 1. Removal of welding residue: Use an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the jade carving to remove residual oxides and stains from the welding process.

[0182] 2. Polishing: Polish the jade carving using ultra-fine sandpaper (4000 grit or higher) and polishing compound. Pay special attention to areas where the silver wires meet, ensuring a uniform shine and perfect integration of the silver wires with the jade surface.

[0183] 3. Final inspection: Check the strength of the weld points with a microscope and use an optical surface inspection instrument to check the luster and color uniformity of the jade carving.

[0184] S60: Finished Product Quality Inspection and Packaging

[0185] After completion, the entire jade carving undergoes a quality inspection to ensure that all craftsmanship and design are perfectly presented.

[0186] 1. Microscopic inspection: The junction between the jade carving surface and the silver wire is inspected under a microscope to ensure that there is no loosening or detachment.

[0187] 2. Optical Measurement: The luster and color contrast of the jade are detected using a spectral analyzer.

[0188] 3. Finished Product Packaging: After final confirmation that there are no flaws, the jade carving is carefully packaged in a special display box with soft lining material to prevent damage during transportation.

[0189] Example 3: Laser Engraving Jade Carving Process

[0190] S10: Cleaning and Preparation of Jade Surface

[0191] Jade needs to be thoroughly cleaned before carving to remove any surface impurities or oil stains, ensuring a clear and accurate carving result.

[0192] 1. Preliminary cleaning: Use an ultrasonic cleaner to clean the surface of the jade to remove dust, grease and stains.

[0193] 2. Drying treatment: After cleaning, wipe the surface of the jade with a non-woven cloth to avoid water stains.

[0194] 3. Surface polishing: Use fine sandpaper to polish the surface of the jade to ensure a smooth and flat surface.

[0195] S20: Laser Engraving Design and Programming

[0196] Laser engraving requires precise design and programming to ensure the fine detail of the pattern.

[0197] 1. Software preparation: Use CAD software to design the engraving pattern. When designing, pay attention to the engraving depth, precision, and sense of layering.

[0198] 2. Pattern Import and Programming: Import the design into the laser engraving machine's control system and set engraving parameters such as laser intensity, engraving speed, and path planning.

[0199] 3. Simulation check: Before laser engraving, use the simulation function to check the path planning to ensure that no errors occur during the engraving process.

[0200] S30: Laser engraving operation

[0201] Place the jade into the laser engraving machine and begin the engraving operation.

[0202] 1. Adjusting carving parameters: Adjust the laser power of the carving machine according to the material of the jade and the design pattern. It is usually set to 20-30 W to avoid excessive heat damage to the jade due to excessive power.

[0203] 2. Engraving process monitoring: During the engraving process, the working status of the laser head needs to be monitored at all times to ensure that the engraving effect is smooth and without deviation.

[0204] 3. Process Inspection: After the carving is completed, the carved area is inspected with a microscope to confirm that there is no scorching or uneven carving depth.

[0205] S40: Post-treatment and surface repair

[0206] After laser engraving is completed, minor thermal damage or charred spots may appear on the surface, requiring repair.

[0207] 1. Descorch removal: Use 0.5 μm diamond abrasive to wipe the engraved area and gently remove the scorched parts.

[0208] 2. Surface Repair: Use fine sandpaper (2000 grit or higher) to carefully repair the carved surface, ensuring that the carved area is smooth and undamaged.

[0209] 3. Polishing: Use a special polishing compound to polish the carved area to restore the natural luster of the jade.

[0210] S50: Finished Product Inspection and Testing

[0211] After laser engraving and post-processing are completed, the finished product undergoes detailed inspection.

[0212] 1. 3D Measurement: Use a 3D measuring instrument to check the depth and shape of the carving to ensure that the carving effect meets the design requirements.

[0213] 2. Visual inspection: Use a high-resolution microscope to inspect the engraved area to ensure that the details are fine and there are no flaws.

[0214] 3. Color difference detection: Use a colorimeter to detect the color difference on the surface of the carved jade to ensure the harmony between the carved area and the overall color of the jade.

[0215] S60: Packaging and Storage

[0216] Finally, the carved jade is beautifully packaged and properly stored.

[0217] Specifically, the principle of this invention is as follows: This jade carving technique employs multi-layered precision technologies and processes, with strict control over every step from defect location to final encapsulation to ensure the refinement and durability of the decorative effect. Through this series of precise operations, the aesthetic effect of the jade can be maximized while avoiding common manufacturing defects.

[0218] Defect localization: By using a combination of ultraviolet light, laser and side-lit desk lamp, tiny cracks and defects in jade can be revealed efficiently, ensuring that subsequent processing can be carried out in a targeted manner and avoiding unnecessary losses during carving or decoration.

[0219] Cutting and carving: Precise control of the cutting depth and angle not only ensures that the original structure of the jade is not damaged, but also provides a good adhesion base for subsequent decorative materials (such as gold leaf or resin).

[0220] Surface treatment and activation: The use of plasma pen and alcohol flame can quickly remove surface impurities and significantly improve the adhesion of superimposed materials by increasing the micro-roughness, paving the way for subsequent decoration.

[0221] Overlay and gradient processing: Fine gradient processing not only requires precise color powder mixing, but also high-precision operation of spraying technology to ensure that the gradient effect transitions naturally and evenly.

[0222] Encapsulation and Quality Control: The selection of encapsulation materials and strict control of the curing process ensure the strength and durability of the decorative layer. Strict control of temperature and humidity further guarantees a perfect encapsulation effect, avoiding the impact of potential environmental factors on process quality.

[0223] Technological innovation and improvement: such as ball milling of color powder and jade powder, and the use of Diels-Alder crosslinking resin, not only improve the precision of the gradient effect, but also enhance the high temperature resistance of the finished product, making the jade carving more durable.

[0224] The combination of these steps not only embodies the traditional essence of jade carving, but also incorporates innovative ideas from modern technology, creating an ultimate artistic effect while ensuring the stability of the craft and its long-term usability.

[0225] The specific steps are as follows: locate and mark the defects of the raw stone using three lights; cut a shallow groove of ≤0.2 mm along the marked area to break the surface tension without penetrating the jade; retain a wall thickness of ≥0.5 mm to provide a step for subsequent material layering; quickly scan the area to be added with a plasma pen or alcohol flame to activate the interface; solidify the area to be added and the quantitatively layered material; add color powder to the remaining layered material to process the layered material area and form a gradient band; encapsulate the whole piece and inspect the jade.

[0226] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A jade carving technique utilizing additive decoration, characterized in that, The specific steps include the following: S10: Defects in the raw stone are located and marked using three lights; S20: Cut a shallow groove of ≤0.2 mm along the marked area to only break the surface tension and not penetrate into the jade; retain a wall thickness of ≥0.5 mm to provide a step for subsequent material stacking; S30: Quickly sweep the area to be treated with a plasma pen or alcohol flame to activate the interface; S40: Curing is performed on the area to be treated and after a certain amount of material is applied; S50: Add color powder to the remaining superimposed material to process the area of ​​the superimposed material and form a gradient band; S60: Perform overall packaging and inspect the jade.

2. The jade carving technique using additive decoration as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps for locating and marking defects in the raw stone using three lights include: The first step is to prepare a 365 nm ultraviolet flashlight, a 650 nm laser pointer, and an incandescent side-lit desk lamp; The second step is to fix an ultraviolet flashlight 10cm away from the raw stone in a dark room and circle the purple or black areas with a washable red pen. The third step is to place the laser pointer against the raw stone and lightly draw along the line where the crack is more than 0.1 mm transparent; The fourth step is to illuminate the stone with an incandescent sidelight lamp at a 45° angle and take a 4000×3000 px photo. Transfer the photo to the computer, mark the color layer boundary, and project the image back onto the laser projector for alignment. Mark the stone with the laser projector.

3. The jade carving technique using additive decoration as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The shallow groove cut along the marked area of ​​≤0.2 mm only disrupts the surface tension and does not penetrate deep into the jade. The specific steps for maintaining a wall thickness of ≥0.5 mm to provide a step for subsequent material stacking include: The first step is to install a depth limiting ring with a diameter of ≤0.2 mm on a 0.1 mm ultra-thin diamond grinding wheel; The second step is to cut along the inner side of the marked area by 0.5 mm; The third step is to groove to a depth of 0.15–0.20 mm, leaving a 0.5 mm jade wall at the bottom of the groove; The fourth step is to set a 45° micro-bevel at the corners to facilitate the foil / resin wrapping.

4. The jade carving technique using additive decoration as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The specific steps for activating the interface by rapidly scanning the area to be treated with a plasma pen or an alcohol flame include: First, aim the nozzle of the plasma pen or alcohol flame at the area to be treated by 5 mm. The second step involves quickly sweeping the material across the area to be treated for 3–5 seconds to remove oil and oxide film, and to create a slight roughness that significantly improves the adhesion of metal or resin. The third step involves layering materials within 10 minutes of interface activation to prevent recontamination.

5. The jade carving technique using additive decoration as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The specific steps for curing the area to be treated and the quantitatively stacked material include: The first step is to select the overlay material, specifically one of the following: gold, silver, copper foil, nano-conductive ink, cold enamel, or ultraviolet resin. The second step is to use a silicone pen or microsyringe to transfer a quantitative amount of material in one go, adding 0.05 mL of material to each square centimeter of the area to be added; The third step is to cure using infrared 60 ℃ or ultraviolet 6 W, with a curing time of ≤3 min; Fourth step: Cover the area with tape and tear it off three times without any peeling edges to ensure complete curing; When using gold, silver, and copper foil materials for layering, shellac at a depth of 0.05 mL / cm² is used as the base.

6. The jade carving technique using additive decoration as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The specific steps of adding color powder to the remaining superimposed material and processing the area of ​​the superimposed material to form a gradient band include: The first step is to add 5–10% jade powder or color powder to the layered material; The second step is to hold a 0.2 mm airbrush 15 cm away from the area where the material is to be stacked and quickly sweep it across, using a 45° angle followed by a 90° angle to create a gradient band of 0.3–0.8 mm. The third step is to use instant UV flash to fix the effect for 10 seconds to prevent powder from flying off.

7. A jade carving technique utilizing additive decoration as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps for overall packaging include: The first step involves using one of the following: phase change microcapsules, UV epoxy resin, or silica sol. The second step involves dipping the encapsulation material into the stacked area, centrifuging it to dry, and then curing it with a UV lamp to form a 2–5 μm transparent film that completely seals the stacked area. Among them, 28–33 ℃ is used; the silica sol is made of silicon dioxide, n=1.

45.

8. A jade carving technique utilizing additive decoration according to claim 7, characterized in that, Before the step of curing the area to be added and the quantitatively stacked material, a surface contact angle test is performed after plasma treatment to quantitatively verify the activation effect and avoid false adhesion. After the step of curing the area to be added and the quantitatively stacked material, the area is scanned by a confocal microscope or a 3D profilometer to confirm that there are no bubbles or step defects. The process involves adding color powder to the remaining superimposed material, processing the area of ​​the superimposed material to form a gradient band, and then reading it using a CIE Lab colorimeter to establish a color band database, thereby achieving a reproducible gradient. The jade was tested using an accelerated aging treatment at 85 ℃ / 85 %RH for 72 h to verify the yellowing, powdering, and adhesion degradation of the encapsulation layer.

9. A jade carving technique utilizing additive decoration as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In the step of forming the gradient band, the jade powder and color powder need to be ball-milled to make n≈1.53–1.54, thereby reducing interface scattering; Diels-Alder crosslinked UV resin needs to be added to the superimposed material for thermal reversible decomposition at 120 °C.

10. A jade carving technique utilizing additive decoration according to claim 9, characterized in that, The steps of adding color powder to the remaining superimposed material and processing the area of ​​the superimposed material to form a gradient band are repeated to form a multi-layer depth-of-field superposition.

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