A high-voltage DC power supply component

Abstract

This application provides a high-voltage DC power supply assembly, relating to the field of electronic technology, comprising: a reverse connection and backflow prevention module for connecting the power supply circuit when on and blocking backflow current from the energy storage module to the input terminal of the power supply assembly when off, and being in a off state when the input terminal of the power supply assembly is reverse connected; an energy storage module for providing energy to downstream loads when the power supply assembly is powered off; a reverse current detection module for real-time monitoring of whether there is reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus, and generating a detection signal characterizing the reverse current state; and a control module for outputting a control signal to turn off the reverse connection and backflow prevention modules within a preset time when current backflow is detected based on the detection signal. Implementing the technical solution of this application achieves the effect of improving system reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic technology, specifically to a high-voltage DC power supply assembly. Background Technology

[0002] In high-voltage DC power supply components (or power supply systems) in aerospace, industrial, and other fields, such as DC270V, DC540V, or other high-voltage DC, energy storage modules (such as large-capacity capacitors) are usually installed at the input terminals of the equipment to ensure the continuous operation of critical equipment during brief drops or interruptions in bus voltage. However, when the bus voltage drops, the voltage across the energy storage module will be higher than the bus voltage, and the stored energy will flow back through the input circuit. This not only wastes energy but may also cause system malfunctions or safety hazards. To prevent energy backflow, related technologies commonly use diode solutions or ideal diode controllers paired with MOSFETs in low-voltage applications. However, diode solutions suffer from large forward voltage drops and high static losses under high voltage and high current conditions, resulting in low system efficiency and complex heat dissipation designs. Ideal diode controllers are mostly designed for low-voltage applications such as 12V and 48V, and their voltage withstand capability is limited, making them unsuitable for direct application in high-voltage power supply environments. Furthermore, the aforementioned ideal diode solutions generally have slow response speeds, making it difficult to quickly cut off backflow current within microseconds. Therefore, high-voltage DC power supply components in related technologies suffer from low reliability issues. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, and this application provides a high-voltage DC power supply assembly.

[0004] This application provides a high-voltage DC power supply assembly, including: a reverse connection and backflow prevention module, an energy storage module, a reverse current detection module, and a control module. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module is electrically connected between the input terminal of the power supply assembly and the energy storage module. It is used to connect the power supply circuit when the power supply is turned on and to block backflow of current from the energy storage module to the input terminal of the power supply assembly when the power supply is turned off. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module is also used to be in a turned-off state when the input terminal of the power supply assembly is reverse-connected. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module uses a controllable switching device as the switching device for the power supply circuit, and the on-resistance of the controllable switching device is less than 20 milliohms. The energy storage module is electrically connected to the reverse connection and backflow prevention module. The output of the reverse current module is used to provide energy to the downstream load when the input of the power supply component is powered off. The reverse current detection module is electrically connected between the positive bus of the power supply component and the energy storage module. It is used to monitor in real time whether there is a reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus and generate a detection signal characterizing the reverse current state. The input of the control module is electrically connected to the output of the reverse current detection module, and the output of the control module is electrically connected to the control terminal of the reverse connection and reverse current prevention module. It is used to output a control signal to shut down the reverse connection and reverse current prevention module within a preset time when the detection signal determines that a reverse current has occurred. The preset time is less than 1µs.

[0005] By adopting the above technical solutions, the reverse connection and backflow prevention modules can prevent the energy storage module from experiencing backflow of current and prevent the circuit from being connected when the input terminal is reversed. The energy storage module can provide energy to the downstream load when the input terminal is powered off. The reverse current detection module can monitor the reverse current in real time and generate a detection signal. The control module can turn off the reverse connection and backflow prevention modules within a preset time of less than 1µs when backflow of current is detected. This can effectively prevent the energy storage module from experiencing backflow of current, avoid energy waste and system abnormalities. Moreover, the reverse connection and backflow prevention modules use controllable switching devices with a conduction resistance of less than 20 milliohms, which can reduce the power loss during forward conduction and improve system efficiency. By quickly and actively cutting off the backflow path, the energy of the energy storage module can only flow to the load, ensuring that the load can maintain normal operation during short-term power outages or drops in the busbar, ensuring the continuous and stable power supply to the downstream critical equipment, and improving the reliability and safety of the system.

[0006] Optionally, the high-voltage DC power supply assembly further includes: an auxiliary power supply and a reference power supply module, wherein the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module is connected between the positive bus and the first system ground terminal, the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module is used to convert the input DC voltage into a target operating voltage, and generate a target reference voltage based on the target operating voltage, wherein the target operating voltage is used to power the reverse current detection module and the control module, the reverse current detection module includes a differential amplifier, the differential amplifier uses the target reference voltage as a reference voltage, and performs differential amplification processing on the sampled voltage signal to obtain a detection signal, the sampled voltage signal is used to reflect the magnitude of the current flowing to the positive bus generated by the energy storage module.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply modules can convert the input DC voltage into the target operating voltage to power the reverse current detection module and the control module, ensuring the normal operation of these two modules. Based on the target operating voltage, a target reference voltage is generated to provide a reference voltage for the differential amplifier. This allows the differential amplifier to use the target reference voltage as a reference to differentially amplify the sampled voltage signal to obtain the detection signal, thereby accurately monitoring the reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus, and thus improving the accuracy of the high-voltage DC power supply component in monitoring reverse current and the reliability of the system.

[0008] Optionally, the reverse connection and backflow prevention module includes: a first NMOS transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first capacitor, a first Zener diode, and a first diode. The first resistor is connected between the gate and source of the first NMOS transistor. The gate of the first NMOS transistor is sequentially connected to the negative terminal of the first diode through the second and third resistors. The positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the positive bus. The drain of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the negative bus of the power supply component. The source of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the first system ground. The anode of the first Zener diode is connected to the source of the first NMOS transistor, and the cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor. The first capacitor is connected between the gate and source of the first NMOS transistor. When the input of the power supply component is reverse-connected, the body diode of the first NMOS transistor is cut off. When the control module determines that backflow has occurred based on the detection signal, it controls the gate of the first NMOS transistor to be pulled low for a preset duration.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the specific circuit structure of the reverse connection and backflow prevention module can cut off the first NMOS transistor's body diode when the power supply component's input terminal is reverse connected, avoiding problems caused by incorrect connection. When the control module detects backflow, it can pull down the gate level of the first NMOS transistor within a preset time, quickly turning off the reverse connection and backflow prevention module, blocking the backflow of current from the energy storage module to the power supply component's input terminal, improving system reliability, reducing energy waste, system anomalies, and safety hazards. Overall, this high-voltage DC power supply component can effectively prevent backflow and reverse connection problems, and has a fast response speed, improving system efficiency and reliability.

[0010] Optionally, the energy storage module includes a second capacitor, and the reverse current detection module further includes a sampling resistor, a second diode, a third capacitor, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor. The negative terminal of the second capacitor is electrically connected to the first system ground. The fourth resistor is connected between the positive terminal of the second capacitor and the positive busbar. The first terminal of the sampling resistor is electrically connected to the positive busbar, and the second terminal of the sampling resistor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second diode. The positive terminal of the second diode is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the second capacitor. The first terminal of the sampling resistor is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier, and the second terminal of the sampling resistor is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier. The input terminals are electrically connected, with the non-inverting and inverting reference terminals of the differential amplifier both connected to the target reference voltage. The power supply terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to the target operating voltage. The power supply terminal of the differential amplifier is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system through the third capacitor. The ground terminal of the differential amplifier is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system. The output terminal of the differential amplifier is electrically connected to the first terminal of the fifth resistor, and the second terminal of the fifth resistor serves as the output terminal of the reverse current detection module. The differential amplifier is used to differentially amplify the voltage across the sampling resistor to obtain the detection signal when the energy storage module generates a reverse current flowing to the positive bus.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the reverse current detection module monitors the reverse current in real time and generates a detection signal. Based on the detection signal, the control module shuts off the reverse connection and backflow prevention modules within a preset time. The energy storage module uses a second capacitor for energy storage. The reverse current detection module obtains a detection signal by differentially amplifying the voltage across the sampling resistor through a sampling resistor and a differential amplifier, which can accurately detect the reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus. When there is no reverse current, the voltage drop across the sampling resistor is close to zero, and the differential amplifier outputs a corresponding signal. When there is reverse current, a voltage drop proportional to the reverse current is generated across the sampling resistor. The differential amplifier differentially amplifies this voltage drop (relative to the target reference voltage) and finally outputs a detection signal that clearly characterizes the presence and magnitude of the reverse current. The control module will determine whether backflow has occurred and take action based on this detection signal.

[0012] Optionally, the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module includes: a first transistor, a third diode, a second Zener diode, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, and a first operational amplifier. The collector of the first transistor is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode; the base of the first transistor is electrically connected to the first system ground via the fourth capacitor; the emitter of the first transistor is electrically connected to the anode of the third diode; the cathode of the third diode is electrically connected to the first system ground via the fifth capacitor; the cathode of the third diode serves as the target power supply terminal, used to provide the target operating voltage; the anode of the second Zener diode is electrically connected to the first system ground; and the cathode of the second Zener diode is electrically connected to the first operational amplifier. The base of the transistor is electrically connected; the sixth resistor is connected between the collector and base of the first transistor; the first end of the seventh resistor is connected to the target operating voltage; the second end of the seventh resistor is electrically connected to the ground of the first system through the eighth resistor; the sixth capacitor is connected between the second end of the seventh resistor and the ground of the first system; the second end of the seventh resistor is electrically connected to the non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier; the inverting input of the first operational amplifier is electrically connected to the output of the first operational amplifier through the ninth resistor; the seventh capacitor and the ninth resistor are connected in parallel; the power supply terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the target operating voltage; the power supply terminal of the first operational amplifier is electrically connected to the ground of the first system through the eighth capacitor; the ground terminal of the first operational amplifier is electrically connected to the ground of the first system; the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is used to provide the target reference voltage.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module can convert the input DC voltage into the target operating voltage and generate the target reference voltage, which powers the reverse current detection module and control module, and provides a reference voltage for the differential amplifier, avoiding energy backflow and improving system reliability.

[0014] Optionally, the control module includes: a comparator, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a ninth capacitor, a fourth diode, and a second transistor. The first terminal of the tenth resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier; the second terminal of the tenth resistor is electrically connected to the first system ground terminal through the eleventh resistor; the second terminal of the tenth resistor is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of the comparator; the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the output terminal of the reverse current detection module; the non-inverting input terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the anode of the fourth diode; the cathode of the fourth diode is electrically connected to the output terminal of the comparator through the twelfth resistor; and the output terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the first terminal of the thirteenth resistor. The second end of the thirteenth resistor is electrically connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor. The first and second ends of the thirteenth resistor are electrically connected to the base and emitter of the second transistor, respectively. The collector of the second transistor is electrically connected to the ground of the first system. The power supply of the comparator is connected to the target operating voltage, and the power supply of the comparator is electrically connected to the ground of the first system through the ninth capacitor. The ground of the comparator is electrically connected to the ground of the first system. When the energy storage module generates a reverse current flowing to the positive bus and the reverse current is greater than or equal to a preset current threshold, the output of the comparator is low, so that the gate of the first NMOS transistor is pulled low for a preset time.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the comparator and other components in the control module can pull the gate of the first NMOS transistor low for a preset time when the conditions are met, quickly cut off the reverse current, improve the reliability of the DC power supply component, and solve the problem of low reliability in related technologies.

[0016] Optionally, the reverse connection protection and backflow protection module also includes a second NMOS transistor, wherein the gate, drain, and source of the second NMOS transistor are electrically connected to the gate, drain, and source of the first NMOS transistor, respectively.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution and adding a second NMOS transistor that is electrically connected to the corresponding electrode of the first NMOS transistor, the current carrying capacity and reliability of the reverse connection and backflow prevention module can be enhanced, better cope with high current conditions, and further ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0018] Optionally, the high-voltage DC power supply assembly further includes: an input common-mode filter module, wherein the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the input common-mode filter circuit are electrically connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the input power supply, respectively; the first output terminal of the input common-mode filter circuit is electrically connected to the positive bus; and the second output terminal of the input common-mode filter circuit is electrically connected to the negative bus of the power supply assembly. The input common-mode filter circuit is used to filter out common-mode interference introduced by the external power grid and to prevent back-end interference from being reverse-coupled to the external power grid.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the input common-mode filter module can filter out common-mode interference introduced by the external power grid and prevent back-end interference from being reverse-coupled to the external power grid, thereby improving the reliability of the DC power supply components and reducing the impact of interference on the system.

[0020] Optionally, the input common-mode filter circuit includes a ferrite common-mode inductor. The first input terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the input power supply, the first output terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor is electrically connected to the positive bus, the second input terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the input power supply, and the second output terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor is electrically connected to the negative bus.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the ferrite common-mode inductor of the input common-mode filter circuit can filter out common-mode interference introduced by the external power grid, and can also prevent back-end interference from being reverse-coupled to the external power grid.

[0022] Optionally, the high-voltage DC power supply assembly further includes an output filtering module, which includes a microcrystalline inductor, a tenth capacitor, an eleventh capacitor, and a twelfth capacitor. The first input terminal of the microcrystalline inductor is electrically connected to the positive bus, the second input terminal of the microcrystalline inductor is electrically connected to the first system ground terminal, the first and second output terminals of the microcrystalline inductor are used to connect the load, the tenth capacitor is connected between the first and second output terminals of the microcrystalline inductor, the eleventh capacitor is connected between the first output terminal of the microcrystalline inductor and the ground terminal, and the twelfth capacitor is connected between the second output terminal of the microcrystalline inductor and the ground terminal.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the output filter module is connected between the positive bus of the system and the ground terminal of the first system, and is located after the reverse connection and backflow prevention module, the energy storage module, etc. and before the load. The main function of this module is to further filter and purify the DC power supply supplied to the downstream load, so as to reduce the ripple voltage, high frequency noise and electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the power output, thereby providing a more stable and pure DC power supply to the load (usually the key electrical equipment at the downstream end) and improving the power supply quality of the system.

[0024] In summary, one or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0025] 1. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module prevents the energy storage module from experiencing backflow of current and ensures the circuit remains open when the input terminal is reversed. The energy storage module can provide energy to the downstream load when the input terminal is powered off. The reverse current detection module can monitor the reverse current in real time and generate a detection signal. The control module can shut down the reverse connection and backflow prevention module within a preset time of less than 1µs when backflow is detected. This effectively prevents backflow of current from the energy storage module, avoiding energy waste and system abnormalities. Furthermore, the reverse connection and backflow prevention module uses controllable switching devices with a conduction resistance of less than 20 milliohms, which can reduce power loss during forward conduction and improve system efficiency. By quickly and actively cutting off the backflow path, it prevents abnormal operation of the system during bus faults and protects the system when the input terminal is reversed, eliminating potential safety hazards and ensuring continuous and stable power supply to critical downstream equipment, thereby improving the reliability and safety of the system.

[0026] 2. The auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module can convert the input DC voltage into the target operating voltage to power the reverse current detection module and the control module, ensuring the normal operation of these two modules; based on the target operating voltage, a target reference voltage is generated to provide a reference voltage for the differential amplifier, so that the differential amplifier can use the target reference voltage as a reference to differentially amplify the sampled voltage signal to obtain the detection signal, thereby accurately monitoring the reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus, and thus improving the accuracy of the high voltage DC power supply component in monitoring reverse current and the reliability of the system;

[0027] 3. The reverse current detection module monitors the reverse current in real time and generates a detection signal. The control module shuts off the anti-reverse connection and anti-backflow modules within a preset time based on the detection signal. The energy storage module uses a second capacitor for energy storage. The reverse current detection module obtains the detection signal by differentially dividing the voltage across the sampling resistor through a sampling resistor and a differential amplifier. It can accurately detect the reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a frame diagram of a high-voltage DC power supply assembly provided in this application;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a frame diagram of another high-voltage DC power supply assembly provided in this application;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of a high-voltage DC power supply component provided in this application.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: R1 - First resistor, R2 - Second resistor, R3 - Third resistor, R4 - Fourth resistor, R5 - Fifth resistor, R6 - Sixth resistor, R7 - Seventh resistor, R8 - Eighth resistor, R9 - Ninth resistor, R10 - Tenth resistor, R11 - Eleventh resistor, R12 - Twelfth resistor, R13 - Thirteenth resistor, RS - Sampling resistor, Q1 - First NMOS transistor, Q2 - Second NMOS transistor, C1 - First capacitor, C2 - Second capacitor, C3 - Third capacitor, C4 - Fourth capacitor, C5 - Fifth capacitor Capacitors: C6 - sixth capacitor, C7 - seventh capacitor, C8 - eighth capacitor, C9 - ninth capacitor, C10 - tenth capacitor, C11 - eleventh capacitor, C12 - twelfth capacitor, D1 - first diode, D2 - second diode, D3 - third diode, D4 ​​- fourth diode, T1 - first transistor, T2 - second transistor, U0 - differential amplifier, U1 - first operational amplifier, U2 - comparator, L1 - ferrite common-mode inductor, L2 - microcrystalline inductor, ZD1 - first Zener diode, ZD2 - second Zener diode. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the words "for example" or "for instance" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design that is described as "for example" or "for instance" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design options. Rather, the use of the words "for example" or "for instance" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0034] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" means two or more. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof all mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0035] Taking the HDC201 sub-standard of GJB181B-2012 "Aircraft Power Supply Characteristics" as an example, the power supply component (or power supply system) may experience a 50ms power outage. During this power outage, some critical equipment needs to continue operating, and the energy during the power outage usually needs to be maintained by an energy storage capacitor: E=0.5C(U1) 2 -U2 2 U1 is the initial voltage across the capacitor when the bus is powered off, U2 is the minimum input voltage to meet the operating requirements of downstream DC / DC converters and other electrical equipment, and E is the maximum energy that the energy storage capacitor can provide during the power outage.

[0036] When the bus voltage drops or power is lost, the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is higher than the bus input voltage. The energy stored in the capacitor will form a loop through the input bus and be drawn away by the power supply or other parallel electrical equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to add an anti-backflow circuit at the input port. However, in high-voltage and high-current systems, anti-backflow circuits generally have problems such as complex design and excessive static losses.

[0037] One related technology employs a diode-based reverse current protection scheme. However, a drawback is that in high-voltage, high-current DC systems, the diode's power loss under normal operating conditions is extremely high. For example, in a DC 540V, 10A system, the voltage drop across the high-reverse-voltage diode is approximately 1.2V to 1.5V. When a 10A current flows through it, the diode will experience a normal power loss exceeding 12W, placing significant pressure on the product's heat dissipation and temperature rise. Another related technology uses an ideal diode solution, where an Oring chip is paired with an NMOS transistor at the positive terminal of the bus. However, currently, only low-voltage Oring controllers below DC 100V are available on the market. For power supplies with DC 270V, DC 540V, or higher voltages, there are no suitable Oring controllers to choose from.

[0038] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 The embodiments of this application will be described in detail.

[0039] This application provides a high-voltage DC power supply assembly, as shown in the reference. Figure 1 , Figure 1This application provides a framework diagram of a high-voltage DC power supply assembly, including: a reverse connection and backflow prevention module, an energy storage module, a reverse current detection module, and a control module. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module is electrically connected between the input terminal of the power supply assembly and the energy storage module. It is used to connect the power supply circuit when the power supply is turned on and to block backflow of current from the energy storage module to the input terminal of the power supply assembly when the power supply is turned off. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module is also used to be in a turned-off state when the input terminal of the power supply assembly is reverse-connected. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module uses a controllable switching device as the switching device for the power supply circuit, and the on-resistance of the controllable switching device is less than 20 milliohms. The energy storage module is electrically connected to the reverse connection and backflow prevention module. The output terminal of the reverse current detection module is connected to the reverse current protection module to provide energy to the downstream load when the input terminal of the power supply component loses power. The reverse current detection module is electrically connected between the positive bus of the power supply component and the energy storage module to monitor in real time whether there is a reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus and generate a detection signal characterizing the reverse current state. The input terminal of the control module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the reverse current detection module, and the output terminal of the control module is electrically connected to the control terminal of the reverse current protection module. It is used to output a control signal to shut down the reverse current protection module within a preset time period when the detection signal determines that a reverse current has occurred. The preset time period is less than 1µs.

[0040] In the above embodiments, the reverse connection and backflow prevention module can prevent the energy storage module from experiencing backflow of current and prevent the circuit from being connected when the input terminal is reversed. The energy storage module can provide energy to the downstream load when the input terminal is powered off. The reverse current detection module can monitor the reverse current in real time and generate a detection signal. The control module can turn off the reverse connection and backflow prevention module within a preset time of less than 1µs when backflow of current is detected. This can effectively prevent backflow of current from the energy storage module, avoid energy waste and system abnormalities. Moreover, the reverse connection and backflow prevention module uses controllable switching devices with a conduction resistance of less than 20 milliohms, which can reduce power loss during forward conduction and improve system efficiency. By quickly and actively cutting off the backflow path, it prevents abnormal operation of the system during bus faults and can also protect the system when the input terminal is reversed, eliminating potential safety hazards, ensuring continuous and stable power supply to key downstream equipment, and improving the reliability and safety of the system.

[0041] The reverse current detection module monitors the current direction between the energy storage module and the positive bus of the power supply input in real time. When a reverse current (i.e., backflow current) is detected from the energy storage module to the input, a detection signal is generated and sent to the control module. After receiving the detection signal, the control module determines that backflow has occurred and immediately outputs a control signal to shut down the reverse connection and backflow prevention modules within a preset time of less than 1 microsecond. The reverse connection and backflow prevention modules (usually composed of one or more controllable semiconductor switches, such as MOSFETs) act quickly after receiving the shutdown signal, physically cutting off the current path from the energy storage module to the input, thereby effectively preventing energy backflow. After the reverse connection and backflow prevention modules are shut down, they block the backflow of current from the energy storage module to the power supply input. The reverse connection and backflow prevention modules themselves have a reverse connection protection function and can remain shut down when the power supply is reversed at the input, protecting the system safety. When the input is powered off, the energy storage module supplies power to the downstream load through the normal path. Most "ideal diode controller" solutions in related technologies are designed for low voltage (such as 12V, 48V), lack sufficient voltage withstand capability, and cannot be directly used in high-voltage DC systems such as 270V, 540V. Furthermore, traditional diode solutions, under high voltage and high current, generate significant conduction losses due to their inherent forward voltage drop (typically above 0.7V-1V), resulting in low system efficiency, severe heat generation, and complex heat dissipation design. This embodiment uses MOSFETs with extremely low on-resistance (Rds(on)), less than 20mΩ (or 30mΩ, or 50mΩ, or others), whose on-voltage drop is far lower than that of diodes, thereby significantly reducing the system's static losses and heat generation, improving overall efficiency, and simplifying heat dissipation design. This solution explicitly limits the response time of the control module (the "preset duration" from detection to shutdown) to less than 1 microsecond (µs). Internally, it achieves microsecond-level rapid shutdown, effectively preventing energy from the energy storage capacitor from flowing back to the bus. This effectively avoids system malfunctions caused by backflow current or the inability of some critical loads to maintain operation during short-term power outages on the bus, greatly improving system reliability and transient response performance. This implementation is mainly aimed at high-voltage DC power supply applications, such as input power supply voltages greater than or equal to 270V DC, such as DC270V or DC540V (or other voltages). This embodiment provides a closed-loop mechanism of "reverse current detection - rapid control - anti-reverse connection and anti-backflow module shutdown" to solve the energy backflow problem in high-voltage DC scenarios, while avoiding the defects of traditional solutions.This embodiment, through the coordinated operation of the reverse current detection module and the control module, can quickly shut down the reverse connection and backflow prevention modules within a preset time of less than 1µs (microseconds), effectively preventing current backflow and improving system reliability and safety. Compared with diode solutions, this system can significantly reduce forward voltage drop and static losses under high voltage and high current conditions, improving system efficiency and simplifying heat dissipation design. The reverse connection and backflow prevention modules are in a shut-off state when the input terminals of the power supply components are reversed, effectively preventing equipment damage and system failures caused by reverse connection, further improving system reliability. For example, with an input power supply of DC 540V, related technologies only shut down the power supply circuit switch when the input power supply voltage drops to 300V or lower. However, in this embodiment, as long as the bus voltage is lower than the voltage across the energy storage module (such as an energy storage capacitor), the reverse connection and backflow prevention modules are shut down by the control module, preventing energy backflow. This ensures that the energy storage module has sufficient energy to power the load (or some critical equipment in the load), which is particularly suitable for application scenarios where some critical equipment in the load still needs to maintain power supply during power outages.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, the high-voltage DC power supply assembly also includes: an auxiliary power supply and a reference power supply module, wherein the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module is connected between the positive bus and the first system ground terminal. The auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module is used to convert the input DC voltage into a target operating voltage and generate a target reference voltage based on the target operating voltage. The target operating voltage is used to power the reverse current detection module and the control module. The reverse current detection module includes a differential amplifier U0. The differential amplifier U0 uses the target reference voltage as a reference voltage and performs differential amplification processing on the sampled voltage signal to obtain a detection signal. The sampled voltage signal is used to reflect the magnitude of the current flowing to the positive bus generated by the energy storage module.

[0043] In the above embodiments, the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply modules can convert the input DC voltage into a target operating voltage to power the reverse current detection module and the control module, ensuring the normal operation of these two modules. Based on the target operating voltage, a target reference voltage is generated to provide a reference voltage for the differential amplifier U0. This allows the differential amplifier U0 to use the target reference voltage as a reference to differentially amplify the sampled voltage signal to obtain a detection signal, thereby accurately monitoring the reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus, and thus improving the accuracy of the high-voltage DC power supply component in monitoring the reverse current and the reliability of the system.

[0044] The auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module are connected between the positive bus and the first system ground. Power is drawn from the high-voltage bus (e.g., DC270V, DC540V), converting the input high-voltage DC voltage into a suitable target operating voltage, such as 15V (or other operating voltage). Simultaneously, a stable target reference voltage, such as 7.5V (or other reference voltage), is generated based on this target operating voltage. This target reference voltage serves as the system's benchmark for determining the current direction. The generated target operating voltage powers the reverse current detection module and the control module, ensuring that these two core functional modules receive a low-voltage power supply that meets their operating requirements within the high-voltage DC power supply assembly, maintaining normal operation. The reverse current detection module includes a differential amplifier U0, which uses the target reference voltage as a reference voltage. When the energy storage module generates a reverse current flowing towards the positive bus, a sampled voltage signal is obtained and differentially amplified using the target reference voltage as a reference, ultimately generating a detection signal characterizing the reverse current state, which is then transmitted to the control module. In this embodiment, the target operating voltage provided by the auxiliary power supply provides suitable and stable power to the reverse current detection module and the control module, ensuring that both can still operate normally when the high-voltage bus voltage fluctuates, avoiding functional failure due to unstable power supply; the differential amplifier U0 uses a stable target reference voltage as a reference, and can be controlled by the magnitude of the sampling resistor RS and the comparison voltage ( Figure 3 The magnitude of the inverting input voltage VREF2 of the comparator U2 is used to flexibly adjust the sensitivity, providing a reliable basis for the control module to quickly and accurately determine the reverse connection status. The precise detection signal, combined with the control module's fast response of less than 1 microsecond, makes the shutdown control of the reverse connection and reverse connection protection modules more accurate and timely, further reducing the risk of energy reverse connection, while avoiding module erroneous shutdown due to detection errors. This ensures stable power supply to the downstream load by the energy storage module during normal power outages, and comprehensively improves the reliability of the high-voltage DC power supply components.

[0045] To make it easier to understand, firstly... Figure 3 The critical potential in the middle is explained. Figure 3 In this context, VIN0 corresponds to the positive terminal of the aforementioned input power supply, GND0 corresponds to the negative terminal of the aforementioned input power supply, VIN1 corresponds to the positive bus of the aforementioned power supply component, GND1 corresponds to the negative bus of the aforementioned power supply component, and GND2 corresponds to the aforementioned first system ground terminal. The aforementioned negative bus GND1 and the first system ground terminal GND2 can also be referred to as negative bus 1 and negative bus 2, respectively. Figure 3 EARTH (corresponding to the aforementioned grounding terminal) is the grounding point of the power supply component (or device) casing. Figure 3 VCC corresponds to the aforementioned target operating voltage, VC is the voltage of the energy storage capacitor C2, VREF corresponds to the aforementioned target reference voltage, and VTEST corresponds to the aforementioned control signal, i.e., the voltage signal at the output of the reverse current detection module.

[0046] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the reverse connection and backflow prevention module includes: a first NMOS transistor Q1, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first capacitor C1, a first Zener diode ZD1, and a first diode D1. The first resistor R1 is connected between the gate and source of the first NMOS transistor Q1. The gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the first diode D1 via the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3. The positive terminal of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to the positive bus. The drain of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the negative bus of the power supply assembly. The source of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the first system ground; the anode of the first Zener diode ZD1 is electrically connected to the source of the first NMOS transistor Q1, and the cathode of the first Zener diode ZD1 is electrically connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1; the first capacitor C1 is connected between the gate and the source of the first NMOS transistor Q1; wherein, when the input terminal of the power supply component is reversed, the body diode of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is cut off; when the control module determines that current reverse flow has occurred based on the detection signal, it controls the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 to be pulled low for a preset time.

[0047] In the above embodiments, the specific circuit structure of the reverse connection and reverse current protection module can cut off the body diode of the first NMOS transistor Q1 when the power supply component input is reverse connected, avoiding problems caused by incorrect connection. When the control module detects current backflow, it can pull down the gate level of the first NMOS transistor Q1 within a preset time, quickly turning off the reverse connection and reverse current protection module, blocking the current backflow from the energy storage module to the power supply component input, improving system reliability, reducing energy waste, system anomalies, and safety hazards. Overall, this high-voltage DC power supply component can effectively prevent current backflow and reverse connection problems, and has a fast response speed, improving system efficiency and reliability.

[0048] The drain of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is connected to the negative bus (e.g.) Figure 3 (GND1), source terminal connected to the first system ground terminal (e.g.) Figure 3(GND2), the body diode of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is oriented in the same direction as the normal supply current. For the first NMOS transistor Q1 to conduct, Vgs > Vth. In a high-voltage system, if the first NMOS transistor Q1 is placed at the positive terminal, the driving circuit will be very complex. This solution cleverly places the first NMOS transistor Q1 at the negative terminal (low-voltage side) of the system, so that its source (S) potential is close to the system ground (0V). Only a voltage generated by the positive bus through a simple resistor and diode, which is positive relative to the source, is needed to easily drive the gate, greatly simplifying the design of the high-voltage MOSFET driving circuit. When the input terminal is reverse-biased, the body diode is reverse-biased and directly blocks the reverse current. When the input terminal is forward-biased, the first resistor R1 (between gate and source), the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, and the first diode form a normal bias circuit, which forward-biases the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 and turns it on, ensuring the power supply circuit is unobstructed. When the control module detects reverse current, the output terminal will activate and pull the gate low within 1μs. This will quickly discharge the gate charge and cause Vgs to drop rapidly to 0V, thereby quickly turning off the first NMOS transistor Q1 and blocking the reverse current from the energy storage module to the input terminal. The first Zener diode ZD1 limits the voltage between the gate and source to prevent overvoltage damage to the first NMOS transistor Q1. The first capacitor C1 acts as a filter and frequency stabilizer to improve the stability of the gate signal. In related technologies, diode solutions suffer from large forward voltage drops and high static losses under high voltage and high current conditions, leading to low system efficiency and complex heat dissipation design. While ideal diode controllers paired with MOSFETs perform well in low-voltage applications, they have limited voltage withstand capability and slow response speed in high-voltage applications, making it difficult to quickly cut off reverse current within microseconds. This embodiment achieves rapid turn-off by rapidly lowering the gate voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q1 within a preset time (less than 1µs) through a control module, effectively preventing current reverse flow. This module is suitable for high-voltage DC power supply environments, such as DC270V and DC540V, solving the problem of limited voltage withstand capability of existing low-voltage ideal diode controllers. Compared with diode solutions, the first NMOS transistor Q1 has a lower voltage drop when conducting, significantly reducing static losses, improving system efficiency, and simplifying heat dissipation design.

[0049] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3As shown, the energy storage module includes a second capacitor C2. The reverse current detection module also includes a sampling resistor RS, a second diode D2, a third capacitor C3, a fourth resistor R4, and a fifth resistor R5. The negative terminal of the second capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the first system ground. The fourth resistor R4 is connected between the positive terminal of the second capacitor C2 and the positive busbar. The first terminal of the sampling resistor RS is electrically connected to the positive busbar, and the second terminal of the sampling resistor RS is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second diode D2. The positive terminal of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the second capacitor C2. The first terminal of the sampling resistor RS is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier U0, and the second terminal of the sampling resistor RS is electrically connected to the differential amplifier... The inverting input terminal of U0 is electrically connected. Both the non-inverting reference terminal and the inverting reference terminal of the differential amplifier U0 are connected to the target reference voltage. The power supply terminal of the differential amplifier U0 is connected to the target operating voltage. The power supply terminal of the differential amplifier U0 is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system through the third capacitor C3. The ground terminal of the differential amplifier U0 is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system. The output terminal of the differential amplifier U0 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the fifth resistor R5. The second terminal of the fifth resistor R5 serves as the output terminal of the reverse current detection module. The differential amplifier U0 is used to differentially amplify the voltage across the sampling resistor RS to obtain the detection signal when the energy storage module generates a reverse current flowing to the positive bus.

[0050] In the above embodiments, the reverse current detection module monitors the reverse current in real time and generates a detection signal. Based on the detection signal, the control module shuts off the reverse connection and backflow prevention modules within a preset time. The energy storage module uses a second capacitor C2 for energy storage. The reverse current detection module obtains a detection signal by differentially amplifying the voltage across the sampling resistor RS through a sampling resistor and a differential amplifier U0, which can accurately detect the reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus. When there is no reverse current, the voltage drop across the sampling resistor RS is close to zero, and the differential amplifier U0 outputs a corresponding signal. When there is a reverse current, a voltage drop proportional to the reverse current is generated across the sampling resistor RS. The differential amplifier U0 differentially amplifies this voltage drop (relative to the target reference voltage) and finally outputs a detection signal that clearly characterizes the presence and magnitude of the reverse current. The control module will determine whether backflow has occurred and take action based on this detection signal. In applications requiring high sensitivity, the differential signal acquired by the differential amplifier U0 can be amplified by one stage to improve detection sensitivity.

[0051] The energy storage module is implemented using a second capacitor C2. The negative terminal of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the ground of the first system, and the positive terminal is connected to the power supply component through related circuits. When the input is powered off, it provides energy to the downstream load through its own discharge. The sampling resistor RS and the second diode D2 of the reverse current detection module constitute a key sampling circuit. When the energy storage module (second capacitor C2) generates a reverse current flowing to the positive bus, the current will flow through the sampling resistor RS, forming a voltage drop across the sampling resistor RS, which is the sampling voltage signal. The second diode D2 is used to unidirectionally conduct the sampling path of the reverse current, and to supply power to the load through the low impedance circuit of the second diode D2 and the sampling resistor RS when the bus voltage drops. The fourth resistor R4 plays a current limiting protection role, used to slowly charge the second capacitor C2 when the bus voltage is higher than the voltage across the second capacitor C2, to avoid the surge current to the bus caused by rapid charging of the capacitor. The non-inverting input of differential amplifier U0 is connected to the first terminal of sampling resistor RS (closer to the positive bus side), and the inverting input is connected to the second terminal of sampling resistor RS (closer to the second diode D2 side), with the target reference voltage used as the reference voltage. Differential amplifier U0 differentially amplifies the voltage across sampling resistor RS, and the amplified signal is output through the fifth resistor R5, serving as a detection signal characterizing the reverse current state and transmitted to the control module. In this embodiment, sampling resistor RS can be in the ohm or milliohm range. Simultaneously, the third capacitor C3 filters the power supply of differential amplifier U0, ensuring stable operation. Differential amplifier U0 is powered by the target operating voltage, and its ground terminal is connected to the first system ground terminal to ensure circuit potential stability. With the circuit structure of this embodiment, when the bus voltage is higher than the energy storage module voltage, no voltage signal is generated across the sampling resistor RS. At this time, the output voltage of the differential amplifier U0 is basically equal to the target reference voltage. The control module outputs a high level, and the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is not pulled low. However, when the energy storage module (second capacitor C2) generates a reverse current flowing to the positive bus, the current flows through the sampling resistor RS, forming a voltage drop across the sampling resistor RS. At this time, the output voltage of the differential amplifier U0 (or the output voltage of the reverse current detection module) will be lower than the target reference voltage. This voltage signal is equivalent to a detection signal representing the generation of reverse current. The control module turns off the first NMOS transistor Q1 within a preset time according to this control signal. When the energy storage module generates a reverse current flowing to the positive bus and the reverse current is greater than or equal to a preset current threshold, the output of the comparator U2 is low, so that the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is pulled low within a preset time. In practical applications, to improve the sensitivity of reverse current detection, another amplifier can be connected to the output of the differential amplifier U0. This will improve the detection sensitivity and reduce the resistance of the sampling resistor RS, thereby reducing the loss of the sampling circuit.

[0052] It should be noted that when the energy storage module generates a reverse current flowing to the positive bus and the reverse current is greater than or equal to the preset current threshold, the output of comparator U2 is at a low level, so that the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is pulled low within a preset time. At this time, the energy of the energy storage capacitor (i.e., the second capacitor C2) can only flow to the downstream load through the second diode D2 and the sampling resistor RS, and cannot flow to the power supply input. It is precisely because of the reverse current detection module and the timely turn-off of the first NMOS transistor Q1 by the control module that the reverse current to the power supply input is avoided.

[0053] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module includes: a first transistor T1, a third diode D3, a second Zener diode ZD2, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth capacitor C6, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, and a first operational amplifier U1. The collector of the first transistor T1 is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode D1. The base of the first transistor T1 is electrically connected to the first system ground through the fourth capacitor C4. The emitter of the first transistor T1 is electrically connected to the anode of the third diode D3. The cathode of the third diode D3 is electrically connected to the first system ground through the fifth capacitor C5. The cathode of the third diode D3 serves as the target power supply terminal, used to provide the target operating voltage. The anode of the second Zener diode ZD2 is electrically connected to the first system ground. The first terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the base of the first transistor T1; the sixth resistor R6 is connected between the collector and the base of the first transistor T1; the first terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the target operating voltage; the second terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is electrically connected to the first system ground through the eighth resistor R8; the sixth capacitor C6 is connected between the second terminal of the seventh resistor R7 and the first system ground; the second terminal of the seventh resistor R7 is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1; the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 through the ninth resistor R9; the seventh capacitor C7 and the ninth resistor R9 are connected in parallel; the power supply terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected to the target operating voltage; and the power supply terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the first system ground through the eighth capacitor C8; the ground terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is electrically connected to the first system ground; the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is used to provide the target reference voltage.

[0054] In the above embodiments, the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module can convert the input DC voltage into the target operating voltage and generate the target reference voltage to power the reverse current detection module and the control module, and provide a reference voltage for the differential amplifier, thereby avoiding energy backflow and improving system reliability.

[0055] In this embodiment, the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply modules form a series voltage regulator circuit with the first transistor T1 as the core. The collector of the first transistor T1 draws power from the negative terminal of the first diode D1 (connected to the positive bus side). The base obtains a stable bias voltage through the sixth resistor R6 and the second Zener diode ZD2. The fourth capacitor C4 filters the base signal. The second Zener diode ZD2 stabilizes the voltage at the base of the first transistor T1. Since the voltage drop across the emitter junction of the first transistor T1 is relatively stable, the emitter (i.e., the output terminal) of the first transistor T1 can maintain a stable voltage. The voltage output from the emitter of the first transistor T1 is then filtered and regulated by the third diode D3 (unidirectional isolation) and the fifth capacitor C5, and then output from the target power supply terminal (e.g., ...). Figure 3 The negative terminal of the third diode D3 outputs a stable target operating voltage to power the reverse current detection module (differential amplifier) ​​and the control module. The target reference voltage circuit is a precision reference circuit with the first operational amplifier U1 as its core. The target operating voltage is divided by the seventh resistor R7 and the eighth resistor R8 to obtain a stable voltage divider signal, which is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier U1. The first operational amplifier U1 forms a voltage follower (or non-inverting proportional amplifier) ​​structure through the ninth resistor R9 (feedback resistor). The seventh capacitor C7 is connected in parallel with the ninth resistor R9 to stabilize the feedback signal. The power supply terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 is powered by the target operating voltage, and the eighth capacitor C8 filters its power supply. Finally, a stable and accurate target reference voltage, such as 7.5V (or other voltage), is generated from the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1 as the reference voltage of the differential amplifier in the reverse current detection module. In this embodiment, the auxiliary power supply and reference power supply modules draw power directly from the main power bus, eliminating the need for an external auxiliary power supply. This makes the entire backflow prevention system an independent, complete, and plug-and-play module, greatly facilitating system integration and application. The stable operating power supply and accurate reference directly improve the working stability and accuracy of the control module and reverse current detection module, thereby enhancing the overall control accuracy and reliability of the entire DC power supply assembly in terms of backflow prevention, reverse connection prevention, and handling various operating conditions. This significantly improves the high-precision control, safe operation, and overall reliability of the entire DC power supply assembly.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3As shown, the control module includes: comparator U2, tenth resistor R10, eleventh resistor R11, twelfth resistor R12, thirteenth resistor R13, ninth capacitor C9, fourth diode D4, and second transistor T2. The first terminal of the tenth resistor R10 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier U1. The second terminal of the tenth resistor R10 is electrically connected to the first system ground terminal through the eleventh resistor R11. The second terminal of the tenth resistor R10 is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of comparator U2. The non-inverting input terminal of comparator U2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the reverse current detection module. The non-inverting input terminal of comparator U2 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the fourth diode D4. The negative terminal of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to the output terminal of comparator U2 through the twelfth resistor R12. The output terminal of comparator U2 is connected to the tenth... The first terminal of resistor R13 is electrically connected, and the second terminal of resistor R13 is electrically connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1. The first and second terminals of resistor R13 are electrically connected to the base and emitter of transistor T2, respectively. The collector of transistor T2 is electrically connected to the ground of the first system. The power supply terminal of comparator U2 is connected to the target operating voltage, and the power supply terminal of comparator U2 is electrically connected to the ground of the first system through capacitor C9. The ground terminal of comparator U2 is also electrically connected to the ground of the first system. When the energy storage module generates a reverse current flowing to the positive bus and the reverse current is greater than or equal to a preset current threshold, the output of comparator U2 is low, causing the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 to be pulled low for a preset duration. The emitter of the second transistor T2 serves as the output of the control module.

[0057] In the above embodiments, the comparator U2 and other components in the control module can pull the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 low for a preset time when the conditions are met, quickly cut off the reverse current, improve the reliability of the DC power supply component, and solve the problem of low reliability in related technologies.

[0058] like Figure 3 As shown, when the bus voltage is lower than the energy storage capacitor voltage, the comparator U2 outputs a low level. The voltage on the right side of the thirteenth resistor R13 is lower than the voltage on the left side, and the second transistor T2 (PNP transistor) conducts, thus pulling VGS low. When the bus voltage is higher than the energy storage capacitor voltage, pin 1 of the comparator U2 is in a high-impedance state, the voltages across the thirteenth resistor R13 are equal, the second transistor T2 does not conduct, and VGS remains high. As an optional implementation, the output of the comparator U2 can also be directly connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1.

[0059] Comparator U2 receives a detection signal from the reverse current detection module (representing whether there is a reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus). When it is determined that current backflow has indeed occurred, i.e. the reverse current exceeds a preset current threshold, such as 10mA (or other current), it quickly generates and outputs a control signal to pull the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 in the reverse connection and backflow prevention module low for a very short time (preset duration, such as less than 1us), thereby quickly turning off the first NMOS transistor Q1 and effectively blocking energy backflow. Figure 3 Comparator U2 is a comparator. The output signal of the reverse current detection module represents whether a reverse current is detected and the magnitude of the detected reverse current. When current flows from the energy storage module (such as the second capacitor C2) to the positive bus, the sampling resistor RS will generate a voltage drop. After processing by the differential amplifier, a voltage signal related to the reverse current is formed, which serves as one of the inputs to the control module. A voltage divider is formed by the tenth resistor R10 and the eleventh resistor R11, which divides the high-precision target reference voltage to obtain a decision threshold. This voltage divider point is connected to the inverting input of comparator U2, thus setting a fixed and precise preset voltage threshold for comparator U2 (corresponding to...). Figure 3 (VREF2 in the table) This threshold represents the normal operating boundary allowed by the system; exceeding it is considered a backflow. Figure 3 VREF2 in the code is a voltage divider of VREF; for example, if VREF = 7.5V, VREF2 = 7.3V (or other values). The non-inverting input of comparator U2 receives the detection signal (e.g., ...) from the reverse current detection module. Figure 3The VTEST signal accurately reflects the voltage across the sampling resistor RS, indicating the direction and magnitude of the current. In normal operation (no backflow), the voltage of the detection signal is greater than the preset voltage threshold (as described by VREF2 above), and the voltage at the inverting input of comparator U2 is lower than the voltage at the non-inverting input, resulting in a high-level output. During backflow, the voltage polarity across the sampling resistor RS reverses, causing the detection signal voltage at the non-inverting input of comparator U2 to decrease and become less than or equal to the preset voltage threshold at the inverting input. At this point, the output state of comparator U2 flips, becoming low. The output of comparator U2 is connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 via the thirteenth resistor R13. When the detection signal reaches the threshold, comparator U2 outputs a low level. As analyzed above, the second transistor T2 quickly pulls the gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 low, turning it off within a preset time of less than 1μs, thus blocking the backflow current. Meanwhile, the fourth diode D4 and the twelfth resistor R12 form an auxiliary path to further ensure that the gate is pulled low quickly; the ninth capacitor C9 filters the power supply terminal of comparator U2 to ensure its stable operation; comparator U2 is powered by the target operating voltage, and the ground terminal of comparator U2 is connected to the ground terminal of the first system to ensure potential stability.

[0060] In this embodiment, when the bus grid voltage fluctuates and there are frequent switching situations, the junction capacitance (VGS) of the first capacitor C1 and the first NMOS transistor Q1 will be frequently charged and discharged. However, the current sinking capability of the comparator U2 is limited. Using the second transistor T2 as the discharge circuit of VGS can reduce the current sinking pressure of the output pin 1 of the comparator U2, improve the service life and reliability of the operational amplifier, and utilize the current amplification capability of the second transistor T2 to accelerate the discharge speed of the VGS voltage.

[0061] For example, for ease of understanding, assume VREF = 7.5V and sampling resistor RS = 1Ω. When the reverse current flowing through sampling resistor RS exceeds 10mA, the voltage at the output of differential amplifier U0 will be less than 7.49V, VTEST will be less than 7.49V, and VREF2 can be set to 7.49V according to application requirements. At this time, the voltage at the non-inverting input of comparator U2 will be less than the voltage at the inverting input, and comparator U2 will output a low level. In practical applications, the preset current threshold (e.g., 10mA) can be adjusted as needed according to the required reverse current detection sensitivity. Additionally, a smaller resistor can be selected, and to improve detection sensitivity, another amplifier can be connected to the output of the differential amplifier.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the reverse connection and backflow prevention module further includes a second NMOS transistor Q2, wherein the gate, drain, and source of the second NMOS transistor Q2 are electrically connected to the gate, drain, and source of the first NMOS transistor Q1, respectively.

[0063] In the above embodiment, the addition of a second NMOS transistor Q2, which is electrically connected to the corresponding electrode of the first NMOS transistor Q1, can enhance the current carrying capacity and reliability of the reverse connection and backflow prevention module, better cope with high current conditions, and further ensure the stable operation of the system.

[0064] Two identical NMOS transistors (NMOS transistor Q1 and NMOS transistor Q2) are connected in parallel. Figure 3 The second NMOS transistor Q2 is not shown. Specifically, their gates are connected to gates, drains to drains, and sources to sources. This parallel connection is electrically equivalent to a single, more powerful transistor. When the control module outputs a high level (or the gate reaches the turn-on voltage relative to the source through the drive circuit), the first NMOS transistor Q1 and the second NMOS transistor Q2 conduct simultaneously. Current can flow from the negative bus of the power supply component through the parallel path of these two NMOS transistors to the system ground (first system ground terminal), forming a low-impedance current path. Since the two NMOS transistors are connected in parallel, the total on-resistance is theoretically approximately equal to the parallel resistance of the two transistors, thereby further reducing the total voltage drop of the circuit, improving the conduction efficiency, increasing the rated operating current and power rating of the module, and improving... To improve heat dissipation performance, this solution can be applied to power supply components with higher power. When the control module outputs a low level (or pulls the gate low within a preset time), the first NMOS transistor Q1 and the second NMOS transistor Q2 are turned off simultaneously, cutting off the current path from the negative bus of the power supply component to ground. This prevents energy backflow from the energy storage module and also achieves reverse connection protection. Since the second NMOS transistor Q2 and the first NMOS transistor Q1 have the same drive and connection, they will turn on and off simultaneously, sharing the current and achieving reverse connection protection and backflow protection.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, the high-voltage DC power supply assembly further includes: an input common-mode filter module, wherein a first input terminal and a second input terminal of the input common-mode filter circuit are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the input power supply, respectively; a first output terminal of the input common-mode filter circuit is electrically connected to the positive bus; and a second output terminal of the input common-mode filter circuit is electrically connected to the negative bus of the power supply assembly. The input common-mode filter circuit is used to filter out common-mode interference introduced by the external power grid and to prevent back-end interference from being reverse-coupled to the external power grid.

[0066] In the above embodiments, the input common-mode filter module can filter out common-mode interference introduced by the external power grid and prevent back-end interference from being reverse-coupled to the external power grid, thereby improving the reliability of the DC power supply components and reducing the impact of interference on the system.

[0067] The input common-mode filter module is connected between the input power supply (usually an external high-voltage DC power supply, such as 270VDC or 540VDC) and the positive and negative buses (i.e., the positive and negative buses, also commonly referred to as DC buses) of the power supply assembly. The main function of this module is to filter out common-mode interference signals introduced from the external power grid, while preventing interference generated by downstream loads or within the system from being reverse-coupled back to the external power grid, thereby improving the electromagnetic compatibility and anti-interference capability of the entire DC power supply assembly. When external power (such as a high-voltage DC bus) carries common-mode noise into the system, the input common-mode filter module, through its internal common-mode suppression element (usually a common-mode inductor), can effectively suppress or attenuate these interference signals that are in the same direction as the ground (or reference ground), making the power supply entering subsequent system circuits "cleaner" and reducing the impact on sensitive downstream circuits.

[0068] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the input common-mode filter circuit includes a ferrite common-mode inductor L1. The first input terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor L1 is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the input power supply, the first output terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor L1 is electrically connected to the positive bus, the second input terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor L1 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the input power supply, and the second output terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor L1 is electrically connected to the negative bus.

[0069] In the above embodiment, the ferrite common-mode inductor L1 of the input common-mode filter circuit can filter out common-mode interference introduced by the external power grid and also prevent back-end interference from being reverse-coupled to the external power grid.

[0070] The ferrite common-mode inductor L1 is a filter element specifically designed to suppress common-mode noise. Internally, it typically contains two sets of tightly coupled coils (or multiple turns of wire wound on a toroidal core) with the same winding direction, connected in series with the positive and negative power supply lines respectively, sharing the same ferrite core. When common-mode interference (i.e., interference signals in the same direction existing simultaneously between the positive and negative terminals and ground) is introduced from the external power grid, the interference current generates magnetic fields in the same direction in both coils. These magnetic fields are superimposed within the ferrite core, generating a reverse electromotive force, creating a high impedance to the common-mode interference current, significantly attenuating the interference signal and preventing it from entering the back end of the filter. Simultaneously, the ferrite common-mode inductor L1 also prevents interference signals generated inside the filter from being reverse-coupled to the external power grid, avoiding pollution of the power grid and ensuring its cleanliness and stability.

[0071] In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 3As shown, the high-voltage DC power supply assembly also includes an output filtering module, which includes a microcrystalline inductor L2, a tenth capacitor C10, an eleventh capacitor C11, and a twelfth capacitor C12. The first input terminal of the microcrystalline inductor L2 is electrically connected to the positive bus, and the second input terminal of the microcrystalline inductor L2 is electrically connected to the first system ground terminal. The first and second output terminals of the microcrystalline inductor L2 are used to connect the load. The tenth capacitor C10 is connected between the first and second output terminals of the microcrystalline inductor L2. The eleventh capacitor C11 is connected between the first output terminal of the microcrystalline inductor L2 and the ground terminal. The twelfth capacitor C12 is connected between the second output terminal of the microcrystalline inductor L2 and the ground terminal.

[0072] In the above embodiment, the output filtering module is connected between the positive bus of the system and the first system ground terminal, and is located after the reverse connection and backflow prevention module, the energy storage module, etc. and before the load. The main function of this module is to further filter and purify the DC power supply supplied to the downstream load in order to reduce the ripple voltage, high frequency noise and electromagnetic interference (EMI) in the power output, thereby providing a more stable and pure DC power supply to the load (usually the key electrical equipment at the downstream end) and improving the power supply quality of the system.

[0073] This module, located on the internal power path between the bus and the final load, acts as the final purification checkpoint before DC power is supplied to the load. Its main purpose is to filter out any residual ripple voltage, high-frequency switching noise, electromagnetic interference, and other unstable factors in the DC power supply, ensuring that downstream loads (such as precision electronic equipment, control circuits, and communication modules) receive a high-quality, low-interference power supply. This embodiment significantly reduces ripple and noise on the output DC power supply, providing a clean operating environment for downstream loads and ensuring reliable and accurate operation. The output filter module effectively isolates the load from the upstream power circuit, reducing mutual interference. This allows the system to drive a wider range of load types, including devices with high power quality requirements or those experiencing drastic changes in their operating current.

[0074] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. This application provides a low-loss high-voltage DC power supply component based on NMOS, mainly addressing the problem of energy backflow from the energy storage capacitor to the bus in related high-voltage DC power supply components. The following will be combined with... Figure 3 The high-voltage DC power supply assembly of the present application embodiment will be described.

[0075] The ferrite common-mode inductor L1 is responsible for input common-mode filtering; the first NMOS transistor Q1, comparator U2, differential amplifier U0 and peripheral circuits constitute the main circuit for reverse connection and anti-current protection. Among them, the first NMOS transistor Q1, the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3, the first diode D1, etc. are responsible for reverse connection protection under normal conditions and are controlled by the output of comparator U2. In the event of current backflow or negative voltage during operation, reverse connection and anti-current protection are achieved; the third diode D3, the first transistor T1, the first operational amplifier U1 and peripheral circuits constitute the auxiliary power source circuit and the reference power source circuit. In the high-voltage system, the first transistor T1 needs to be a high-voltage transistor.

[0076] Differential amplifier U0 is used to amplify and collect the reverse current and provides the control signal VTEST to comparator U2 for comparison with the VREF2 reference source. When comparator U2 determines that reverse connection or reverse current has occurred, it quickly (ns level) turns off the first NMOS transistor Q1. Sampling resistor RS, fourth resistor R4, second diode D2, and second capacitor C2 are used for capacitor energy storage, where RS is a milliohm resistor, which is used in conjunction with differential amplifier U0 for reverse current acquisition. Fourth resistor R4 and second diode D2 are used to suppress the charging surge current of the energy storage capacitor.

[0077] (1) Anti-backflow function

[0078] a. Under normal operating conditions, the bus voltage is equal to or slightly higher than the voltage VC across the energy storage capacitor (such as the second capacitor C2). No current flows across the sampling resistor RS. The output voltage of pin 6 of the differential amplifier U0 is VREF. Consequently, the VTEST voltage (the value of the fifth resistor R5 is extremely small, and the value of the twelfth resistor R12 is extremely large. These two resistors are mainly used for hysteresis, and the VTEST voltage is basically equal to VREF) is slightly higher than the reference voltage VREF2 at pin 2 of the comparator U2 (VREF2 comes from the voltage division of VREF, and the resistance value of the tenth resistor R10 is extremely small, so VREF2 is slightly less than VREF). The output of pin 1 of the comparator U2 is high (OC gate). The gate of the first NMOS transistor Q1 receives a positive voltage division, VGS is greater than the turn-on voltage, and the first NMOS transistor Q1 is in the conducting state.

[0079] b. When the bus voltage drops and VIN1 is lower than the voltage across the energy storage capacitor, current flows from bottom to top through the sampling resistor RS. The output voltage VTEST of the differential amplifier U0 is lower than VREF. When the current flowing out of the second capacitor C2 increases, and the VTEST voltage is lower than VREF2 (VREF2 will be slightly lower than VREF to avoid misjudgment), the output level of pin 1 of the comparator U2 is low, quickly pulling down the VGS voltage of the first NMOS transistor Q1. The RDS of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is disconnected. The energy flowing back to the bus from the second capacitor C2 can only go through the body diode of the first NMOS transistor Q1. At this time, the reverse flow path of the second capacitor C2 is from the first NMOS transistor Q1. The current flows from pins 5-8 to pins 1-3. In this direction, the body diode of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is reverse-biased and cut off. With RDS disconnected, this achieves the reverse current protection function. When the bus voltage is higher than the voltage across the second capacitor C2 again, pin 1 of comparator U2 outputs a high level. The voltage of VGS divided by the voltage divider resistor also meets the conduction condition of the first NMOS transistor Q1 again, and the system automatically returns to the bus voltage supply state. When the bus voltage is higher than the voltage across the second capacitor C2 again, the body diode of the first NMOS transistor is turned on instantly. Before VGS fully establishes the drive level, the energy storage capacitor (i.e., the second capacitor C2) can be charged in time to supply power to the downstream load.

[0080] c. When the first NMOS transistor Q1 is turned off, the filter capacitor of the auxiliary power supply circuit VCC and the system energy storage capacitor (such as the second capacitor C2) continue to be powered to ensure stable and reliable operation. If all the above energy is discharged, it means that there is no driving energy in the circuit on the right side of the first NMOS transistor Q1. Then there is no voltage on both sides of VGS of the first NMOS transistor Q1. The system uses the reverse connection protection function of the body diode of the first NMOS transistor Q1 to wait for the bus voltage to return to normal before powering on again.

[0081] d. Currently, high-voltage NMOS can achieve an RDS on-resistance of 10~20 milliohms, generating only 1~2W of static loss when passing a 10A current. When two NMOS are connected in parallel, the static loss is only 0.5W~1W, which is far lower than the 12W static loss of the diode anti-reverse current solution.

[0082] In summary, this circuit can achieve the expected low-loss backflow prevention function.

[0083] (2) Reverse connection protection function:

[0084] a. Normal reverse connection prevention:

[0085] The first NMOS transistor Q1 can simultaneously serve as a reverse connection protection function: when the device is powered on and reverse connected, the voltage of GND1 is higher than the voltage of VIN1, the body diode of the first NMOS transistor Q1 is cut off, and the first diode D1 of the control circuit is cut off (D1 is a redundant protection in transient conditions; even without D1 (short-circuited), the circuit can still achieve the expected function). The VGS of the first NMOS transistor Q1 cannot obtain voltage, and the first NMOS transistor Q1 is in a completely disconnected state, thus enabling the circuit to achieve the reverse connection protection function when powered on.

[0086] b. Transient negative voltage during operation

[0087] When a steady-state negative voltage occurs during operation, the operating logic is the same as described in section a. However, if there are lightning surges or other situations, resulting in rapidly changing transient negative voltages, the VGS voltage in the conventional design may not have enough time to dissipate. The energy of the filter capacitor (such as the first capacitor C1) and the junction capacitance of the first NMOS transistor Q1 needs to be discharged through the first resistor R1. In DC high-voltage systems, the resistance values ​​of the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, and the third resistor R3 are usually large. Taking a first resistor R1 of 20KΩ and the sum of the junction capacitance and the first capacitor C1 of 2nF (usually even larger), it takes approximately 87µs for VGS to discharge from 18V to 2V. However, in this embodiment, due to the introduction of an anti-backflow function, as long as the motherboard... When the line voltage VIN1 drops below the voltage of the second capacitor C2, a transient reverse current is generated. The reverse current acquisition and control circuit controls this by outputting a low level through pin 1 of comparator U2, quickly turning off the first NMOS transistor Q1. Because the transient reverse current is large when the bus voltage drops rapidly, the voltage difference between VTEST and VREF2 is large, further accelerating the circuit's response speed. Furthermore, by using a high-speed comparator, the turn-off time can be completed in the nanosecond range. Since the circuit starts operating as soon as the bus voltage drops below the voltage of the second capacitor C2, it can perform the RDS turn-off operation of the first NMOS transistor Q1 without waiting for the negative voltage to arrive, thus preventing reverse connection and protecting downstream load devices from transient negative voltage surges.

[0088] (3) Both the front and back ends are equipped with filtering functions, which can improve the anti-interference ability of the system. Moreover, even if a short-term misjudgment occurs and the first NMOS transistor Q1 is turned off incorrectly, the bus current will only flow through the body diode of the first NMOS transistor Q1 for a short time, and will not cause a functional error. Therefore, the resistance value of the sampling resistor RS can be selected to be relatively small to reduce losses. In addition, the amplification factor of the voltage acquisition circuit across the sampling resistor RS can further improve the response accuracy of the system.

[0089] In addition, the high and low level states of VGS in this embodiment can also be collected by the back-end control system of the whole system as a status signal. When VGS is low for a long time (e.g., 100ms), it can be considered that the bus has lost power. The control system can shut down some non-core loads and let the energy storage capacitor supply power only to the core equipment.

[0090] In this embodiment, the first NMOS transistor Q1 is turned off based on the current flow across the sampling resistor RS connected in series with the energy storage capacitor, thereby preventing backflow of the stored energy. The backflow prevention logic also enables the reverse connection prevention function (including transient negative voltage during operation). It has its own high-voltage linear auxiliary power supply circuit and does not require external power supply.

[0091] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Any equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure shall still fall within the scope of this disclosure. Other embodiments of this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the disclosure herein.

[0092] This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not described in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A high voltage direct current power supply assembly, characterized by, include: The system includes a reverse connection and backflow prevention module, an energy storage module, a reverse current detection module, and a control module. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module is electrically connected between the input terminal of the power supply component and the energy storage module. It is used to connect the power supply circuit when the circuit is turned on and to block the backflow of current from the energy storage module to the input terminal of the power supply component when the circuit is turned off. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module is also used to be in the off state when the input terminal of the power supply component is reverse connected. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module uses a controllable switching device as the switching device of the power supply circuit. The on-resistance of the controllable switching device is less than 20 milliohms. The energy storage module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the reverse connection and backflow prevention module, and is used to provide energy to the downstream load when the input terminal of the power supply component loses power; The reverse current detection module is electrically connected between the positive bus of the power supply component and the energy storage module. It is used to monitor in real time whether there is a reverse current flowing from the energy storage module to the positive bus and generate a detection signal characterizing the reverse current state. The input terminal of the control module is electrically connected to the output terminal of the reverse current detection module, and the output terminal of the control module is electrically connected to the control terminal of the reverse connection and backflow prevention module. It is used to output a control signal to turn off the reverse connection and backflow prevention module within a preset time when the detection signal determines that a current backflow has occurred, wherein the preset time is less than 1µs. The reverse connection and backflow prevention module includes: a first NMOS transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a first capacitor, a first Zener diode, and a first diode, wherein, The first resistor is connected between the gate and source of the first NMOS transistor. The gate of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the negative terminal of the first diode through the second resistor and the third resistor in sequence. The positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the positive bus. The drain of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the negative bus of the power supply assembly. The source of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the first system ground. The anode of the first Zener diode is connected to the source of the first NMOS transistor. The cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor. The first capacitor is connected between the gate and source of the first NMOS transistor. Specifically, when the input terminal of the power supply component is reverse-connected, the body diode of the first NMOS transistor is cut off; when the control module determines that current reverse flow has occurred based on the detection signal, it controls the gate of the first NMOS transistor to be pulled low for a preset time period.

2. The high voltage DC power supply assembly of claim 1, wherein, The high-voltage DC power supply assembly further includes: an auxiliary power supply and a reference power supply module, wherein... The auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module are connected between the positive bus and the first system ground. The auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module are used to convert the input DC voltage into a target operating voltage and generate a target reference voltage based on the target operating voltage. The target operating voltage is used to power the reverse current detection module and the control module. The reverse current detection module includes a differential amplifier. The differential amplifier uses the target reference voltage as a reference voltage and performs differential amplification processing on the sampled voltage signal to obtain the detection signal. The sampled voltage signal is used to reflect the magnitude of the current flowing to the positive bus generated by the energy storage module.

3. The high voltage DC power supply assembly of claim 2, wherein, The energy storage module includes a second capacitor, and the reverse current detection module further includes a sampling resistor, a second diode, a third capacitor, a fourth resistor, and a fifth resistor, wherein... The negative terminal of the second capacitor is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system. The fourth resistor is connected between the positive terminal of the second capacitor and the positive bus. The first end of the sampling resistor is electrically connected to the positive bus. The second end of the sampling resistor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the second diode. The positive terminal of the second diode is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the second capacitor. The first end of the sampling resistor is electrically connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier. The second end of the sampling resistor is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of the differential amplifier. Both the non-inverting reference terminal and the inverting reference terminal of the differential amplifier are connected to the target reference voltage. The power supply terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to the target operating voltage. The power supply terminal of the differential amplifier is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system through the third capacitor. The ground terminal of the differential amplifier is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system. The output terminal of the differential amplifier is electrically connected to the first end of the fifth resistor. The second end of the fifth resistor serves as the output terminal of the reverse current detection module. The differential amplifier is used to differentially amplify the voltage across the sampling resistor when the energy storage module generates a reverse current flowing to the positive bus, thereby obtaining the detection signal.

4. The high voltage DC power supply assembly of claim 3, wherein, The auxiliary power supply and reference power supply module includes: a first transistor, a third diode, a second Zener diode, a sixth resistor, a seventh resistor, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth capacitor, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, and a first operational amplifier, wherein... The collector of the first transistor is electrically connected to the cathode of the first diode. The base of the first transistor is electrically connected to the ground of the first system through the fourth capacitor. The emitter of the first transistor is electrically connected to the anode of the third diode. The cathode of the third diode is electrically connected to the ground of the first system through the fifth capacitor. The cathode of the third diode serves as the target power supply terminal, which is used to provide the target operating voltage. The anode of the second Zener diode is electrically connected to the ground of the first system, and the cathode of the second Zener diode is electrically connected to the base of the first transistor. The sixth resistor is connected between the collector and the base of the first transistor. The first end of the seventh resistor is connected to... The target operating voltage is applied. The second end of the seventh resistor is electrically connected to the ground of the first system through the eighth resistor. The sixth capacitor is connected between the second end of the seventh resistor and the ground of the first system. The second end of the seventh resistor is electrically connected to the non-inverting input of the first operational amplifier. The inverting input of the first operational amplifier is electrically connected to the output of the first operational amplifier through the ninth resistor. The seventh capacitor and the ninth resistor are connected in parallel. The power supply terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the target operating voltage, and the power supply terminal of the first operational amplifier is electrically connected to the ground of the first system through the eighth capacitor. The ground terminal of the first operational amplifier is electrically connected to the ground of the first system. The output terminal of the first operational amplifier is used to provide the target reference voltage.

5. The high voltage DC power supply assembly of claim 4, wherein, The control module includes: a comparator, a tenth resistor, an eleventh resistor, a twelfth resistor, a thirteenth resistor, a ninth capacitor, a fourth diode, and a second transistor, wherein... The first end of the tenth resistor is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first operational amplifier. The second end of the tenth resistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system through the eleventh resistor. The second end of the tenth resistor is electrically connected to the inverting input terminal of the comparator. The non-inverting input terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the output terminal of the reverse current detection module. The non-inverting input terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the anode of the fourth diode. The cathode of the fourth diode is electrically connected to the output terminal of the comparator through the twelfth resistor. The output terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the first end of the thirteenth resistor. The second end of the thirteenth resistor is electrically connected to the gate of the first NMOS transistor. The first end and the second end of the thirteenth resistor are respectively electrically connected to the base and emitter of the second transistor. The collector of the second transistor is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system. The power supply terminal of the comparator is connected to the target operating voltage, and the power supply terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system through the ninth capacitor. The ground terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system. When the energy storage module generates a reverse current flowing to the positive bus and the reverse current is greater than or equal to a preset current threshold, the output of the comparator is at a low level, so that the gate of the first NMOS transistor is pulled low for the preset duration.

6. The high-voltage DC power supply assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reverse connection and backflow prevention module also includes a second NMOS transistor, wherein the gate, drain, and source of the second NMOS transistor are electrically connected to the gate, drain, and source of the first NMOS transistor, respectively.

7. The high-voltage DC power supply assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-voltage DC power supply assembly further includes: an input common-mode filter circuit, wherein the first input terminal and the second input terminal of the input common-mode filter circuit are electrically connected to the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the input power supply, respectively; the first output terminal of the input common-mode filter circuit is electrically connected to the positive bus; and the second output terminal of the input common-mode filter circuit is electrically connected to the negative bus of the power supply assembly. The input common-mode filter circuit is used to filter out common-mode interference introduced by the external power grid and to prevent back-end interference from being reverse-coupled to the external power grid.

8. The high-voltage DC power supply assembly according to claim 7, characterized in that, The input common-mode filter circuit includes a ferrite common-mode inductor. The first input terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor is electrically connected to the positive terminal of the input power supply. The first output terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor is electrically connected to the positive bus. The second input terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor is electrically connected to the negative terminal of the input power supply. The second output terminal of the ferrite common-mode inductor is electrically connected to the negative bus.

9. The high-voltage DC power supply assembly according to claim 2, characterized in that, The high-voltage DC power supply assembly further includes an output filtering module, which comprises a microcrystalline inductor, a tenth capacitor, an eleventh capacitor, and a twelfth capacitor. The first input terminal of the microcrystalline inductor is electrically connected to the positive bus, the second input terminal of the microcrystalline inductor is electrically connected to the ground terminal of the first system, the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the microcrystalline inductor are used to connect the load, the tenth capacitor is connected between the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the microcrystalline inductor, the eleventh capacitor is connected between the first output terminal and the ground terminal, and the twelfth capacitor is connected between the second output terminal and the ground terminal.

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