Electroscope suitable for induced electricity with high voltage of 85 kilovolt and above and electricity testing method

Abstract

The invention provides an electroscope and an electroscope method suitable for high-voltage induced electricity with 85 kilovolts and above, and relates to the technical field of electric power safety operation, the electroscope comprises a shell and a circuit system arranged in the shell, and the circuit system comprises a signal acquisition module used for acquiring an electric field signal of a to-be-detected line; the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring an induced voltage characteristic parameter based on the electric field signal if the amplitude of the electric field signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold value; the voltage characteristic parameters comprise a signal frequency parameter, a signal time domain stability parameter and a space electric field gradient parameter; the electricity testing judgment module is used for judging an electricity testing result of the to-be-tested line based on a preset evaluation rule according to the induced voltage characteristic parameters; the electricity testing result comprises an induced voltage and an operation voltage. By comprehensively detecting a plurality of characteristic dimensions of the voltage and introducing an intelligent judgment algorithm, reliable distinguishing between the induced voltage and the operating voltage is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of power safety operation technology, specifically to a voltage detector and voltage detection method applicable to voltage-carrying induced current of 85 kV and above. Background Technology

[0002] Before performing power outage maintenance work on high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage transmission lines, it is essential to use a voltage detector to confirm that the line is free of operating voltage. This is the first step to ensure the safety of the workers. Currently, the mainstream capacitive or electric field induction voltage detectors on the market typically work by detecting the electric field strength around the line and setting an activation threshold. When the detected value exceeds this threshold, an "energized" alarm is issued.

[0003] These types of voltage detectors are typically set to activate at 15%-40% of the line's rated voltage, for example, 30%. However, in actual operating environments, when the target line is de-energized while adjacent lines remain energized, electromagnetic coupling can induce a high voltage on the de-energized line, potentially reaching thousands or even tens of thousands of volts, easily exceeding the voltage detector's activation value. This causes the voltage detector to continuously issue "energized" alarms, making it impossible for maintenance personnel to accurately determine whether the line is energized due to induced voltage or because it is not actually de-energized. This severely interferes with decision-making regarding power outage operations, either causing delays or forcing maintenance personnel to make risky judgments, posing a significant safety hazard.

[0004] While existing technologies attempt to mitigate this problem by increasing the starting voltage threshold or employing simple filtering, increasing the threshold reduces voltage detection sensitivity and may miss true low voltages; simple filtering, on the other hand, cannot effectively distinguish between induced voltages and operating voltages with similar amplitudes. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new type of voltage detector and voltage detection method capable of intelligently distinguishing between operating voltage and induced voltage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to address the above problems by providing a voltage detector and voltage detection method suitable for voltage detectors carrying 85 kV and above high-voltage induced voltage, so as to overcome the defect of existing voltage detectors that cannot accurately identify the actual energized state of the line under strong induced voltage environment, thereby improving the reliability of voltage detection results and operational safety.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides an electroscope suitable for carrying high-voltage induced current of 85 kV and above, comprising a housing and a circuit system disposed within the housing, the circuit system comprising: The signal acquisition module is used to acquire the electric field signal of the circuit under test. The parameter acquisition module is used to acquire induced voltage characteristic parameters based on the electric field signal if the amplitude of the electric field signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold; the voltage characteristic parameters include signal frequency parameters, signal time-domain stability parameters, and spatial electric field gradient parameters. The voltage detection module determines the voltage detection result of the circuit under test based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters and a preset evaluation rule; the voltage detection result includes the induced voltage and the operating voltage.

[0007] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the signal acquisition module includes: Multiple electric field sensors arranged along a predetermined spatial direction are used to acquire spatial electric field gradient information around the circuit under test.

[0008] Secondly, this application provides a voltage detection method applicable to voltage-induced current of 85 kV and above, implemented using the aforementioned voltage detector, the voltage detection method comprising: The electric field signal of the circuit under test is collected; If the amplitude of the electric field signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold, then induced voltage characteristic parameters are obtained based on the electric field signal; the voltage characteristic parameters include signal frequency parameters, signal time-domain stability parameters, and spatial electric field gradient parameters. Based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters, the voltage testing result of the circuit under test is determined according to a preset evaluation rule; the voltage testing result includes the induced voltage and the operating voltage.

[0009] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the step of determining the voltage detection result of the circuit under test based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters and a preset evaluation rule includes: If the signal frequency parameter is determined to be greater than a preset frequency threshold, the signal time-domain stability parameter is determined to be greater than a preset stability threshold, or the spatial electric field gradient parameter is determined to be abnormal, then the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be induced voltage; otherwise, the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be operating voltage.

[0010] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the step of determining the voltage detection result of the circuit under test based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters and a preset evaluation rule includes: Based on the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter, the voltage detection evaluation characteristic value of the line under test is calculated based on a preset evaluation model. If the voltage detection evaluation feature value is less than the first feature threshold, the voltage detection result of the circuit under test is determined to be induced voltage; if the voltage detection evaluation feature value is greater than the second feature threshold, the voltage detection result of the circuit under test is determined to be operating voltage; wherein, the first feature threshold is less than the second feature threshold.

[0011] According to the technical solution provided in this application, based on the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter, the voltage detection evaluation characteristic value of the circuit under test is calculated based on a preset evaluation model, including: The signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter are standardized to obtain the feature scores corresponding to the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter; According to P==W f ·F + W s ·S + W g ·G, calculate the voltage detection evaluation characteristic value of the circuit under test; where F is the characteristic score corresponding to the signal frequency parameter, W f S is the feature weight corresponding to the signal frequency parameter, S is the feature score corresponding to the signal time-domain stability parameter, and W is the feature weight. s G is the feature weight corresponding to the signal time-domain stability parameter, G is the feature score corresponding to the spatial electric field gradient parameter, and W is the feature weight corresponding to the signal time-domain stability parameter. g The feature weights are those corresponding to the spatial electric field gradient parameters.

[0012] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the characteristic parameters of the induced voltage are obtained based on the electric field signal, including: Perform an FFT transform on the electric field signal to calculate the proportion of signal energy in the narrow power frequency band and the proportion in the wide high frequency band; The ratio of the proportion of the signal energy in the wide high-frequency band to the proportion in the narrow power frequency band is used as the signal frequency parameter.

[0013] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the characteristic parameters of the induced voltage are obtained based on the electric field signal, including: The standard deviation of the effective value of the electric field signal is calculated using a preset duration as the sliding time window. The ratio of the standard deviation of the effective value of the electric field signal to the average value of the effective value of the electric field signal is used as the time-domain stability parameter of the signal.

[0014] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the characteristic parameters of the induced voltage are obtained based on the electric field signal, including: The spatial electric field gradient value is calculated based on the electric field intensity collected by multiple electric field sensors and the spacing between adjacent electric field sensors. The spatial electric field gradient value is used to determine whether the induced electric field distribution of the circuit under test is abnormal, and is used as the spatial electric field gradient parameter.

[0015] According to the technical solution provided in this application, the method further includes: If the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be induced voltage, a first prompt signal is output; if the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be operating voltage, a second prompt signal is output.

[0016] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The voltage detector and voltage detection method provided in this application are applicable to voltage detectors carrying 85 kV and above high-voltage induced voltage. They acquire the electric field signal of the circuit under test; if the amplitude of the electric field signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold, induced voltage characteristic parameters are obtained based on the electric field signal; these voltage characteristic parameters include signal frequency parameters, signal time-domain stability parameters, and spatial electric field gradient parameters; based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters, the voltage detection result of the circuit under test is judged according to preset evaluation rules; the voltage detection result includes induced voltage and operating voltage. By comprehensively detecting multiple characteristic dimensions of voltage and introducing an intelligent decision algorithm, reliable differentiation between induced voltage and operating voltage is achieved, fundamentally solving the industry problem of false alarms caused by strong induced voltage. It can accurately distinguish between induced voltage and operating voltage, greatly improving the reliability of voltage detection results. The use of multi-feature fusion intelligent decision reduces reliance on the operator's personal experience, improving the standardization and safety of operations. Simultaneously, while completing basic voltage detection functions, it provides advanced diagnostic functions for voltage type identification, making it more practical.

[0017] It should be understood that the descriptions of technical features, technical solutions, beneficial effects, or similar language in this application do not imply that all features and advantages can be achieved in any single embodiment. Rather, it is understood that the description of a feature or beneficial effect means that a specific technical feature, technical solution, or beneficial effect is included in at least one embodiment. Therefore, the descriptions of technical features, technical solutions, or beneficial effects in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the technical features, technical solutions, and beneficial effects described in this embodiment can be combined in any suitable manner. Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments can be implemented without one or more specific technical features, technical solutions, or beneficial effects of a particular embodiment. In other embodiments, additional technical features and beneficial effects may be identified in specific embodiments that do not embody all embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this embodiment, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an electroscope suitable for carrying 85 kV and above high voltage induced current, provided for an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electric field sensor distribution provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3A flowchart illustrating a voltage detection method applicable to high-voltage induced current of 85 kV and above, provided as an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the spectrum distribution of the operating voltage signal and the spectrum distribution of the induced voltage signal provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The descriptions in this section are merely illustrative and explanatory, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. Specifically, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0021] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0022] Existing voltage detectors only have a single fixed starting voltage (e.g., 30% U). n This application addresses a technical defect where, when encountering higher amplitude induced voltages, the detector fails to operate or incorrectly indicates "power is on," making it impossible for maintenance personnel to determine whether the line is truly de-energized, thus posing a risk of misoperation. This application provides a voltage detector and detection method applicable to voltages with 85 kV and above high-voltage induced voltages. By comprehensively detecting multiple characteristic dimensions of the voltage and introducing an intelligent decision algorithm, it achieves reliable differentiation between induced voltage and operating voltage, fundamentally solving the industry problem of false alarms caused by strong induced voltages. It can accurately distinguish between induced and operating voltages, greatly improving the reliability of the detection results. To make the technical solution of this application clearer and easier to understand, the voltage detector and detection method applicable to voltages with 85 kV and above high-voltage induced voltages provided in the embodiments of this application are described below.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, this figure is a schematic diagram of an electroscope provided in this application that is suitable for high-voltage induced current of 85 kV and above, including a housing and a circuit system disposed within the housing, the circuit system including: Signal acquisition module 1 is used to acquire the electric field signal of the circuit under test; The parameter acquisition module 2 is used to determine whether the amplitude of the electric field signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold, and then acquire induced voltage characteristic parameters based on the electric field signal; the voltage characteristic parameters include signal frequency parameters, signal time-domain stability parameters, and spatial electric field gradient parameters. The voltage detection module 3 determines the voltage detection result of the circuit under test based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters and a preset evaluation rule; the voltage detection result includes the induced voltage and the operating voltage.

[0024] Specifically, the signal acquisition module 1, the parameter acquisition module 2, and the voltage detection module 3 are electrically connected to ensure signal transmission. The signal acquisition module 1 includes an electric field sensor whose frequency response range needs to cover the power frequency (50 / 60Hz) and its possible higher harmonics and high-frequency inductive components. It is used to non-contactly sense the electric field around the circuit under test and convert it into an electrical signal, i.e., the electric field signal. The parameter acquisition module 2 first determines the relationship between the amplitude of the electric field signal and a preset amplitude threshold to detect whether the signal amplitude exceeds the minimum start threshold. If the amplitude of the electric field signal is not greater than the preset amplitude threshold, it directly determines that the circuit under test is de-energized and does not trigger subsequent steps for judging induced voltage and operating voltage. If the amplitude of the electric field signal is greater than the preset amplitude threshold, it extracts at least one induced voltage characteristic parameter (signal frequency parameter, signal time-domain stability parameter, and spatial electric field gradient parameter) that is different from the power frequency operating voltage based on the electric field signal, and then transmits it to the voltage detection judgment module 3. Based on the induced voltage characteristic parameter, it judges the voltage detection result of the circuit under test according to a preset evaluation rule. The voltage detection result includes induced voltage and operating voltage.

[0025] Based on the above embodiments, the signal acquisition module 1 further includes: Multiple electric field sensors arranged along a predetermined spatial direction are used to acquire spatial electric field gradient information around the circuit under test.

[0026] Specifically, multiple electric field sensors are arranged along a preset direction (such as perpendicular to the direction of the circuit under test) to form a sensor array. By comparing the field strength values ​​measured by each sensor, the spatial attenuation gradient of the electric field strength is analyzed. Abnormal gradient patterns can be used as auxiliary criteria for induced voltage. For example, ... Figure 2 As shown, the signal acquisition module 1 uses two high-performance capacitive electric field sensors (first electric field sensor 11 and second electric field sensor 12), which are arranged side by side with a fixed distance d along the direction perpendicular to the line under test. This arrangement is used to sense the electric field strengths E1 and E2 at a certain point near the line under test and another point nearby, and to calculate the spatial electric field gradient parameters.

[0027] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, this is a flowchart of a voltage detection method applicable to voltage induced current of 85 kV and above provided in this embodiment. The method includes the following steps: S1, The electric field signal of the circuit under test collected; S2. If the amplitude of the electric field signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold, then obtain the induced voltage characteristic parameters based on the electric field signal; the voltage characteristic parameters include signal frequency parameters, signal time-domain stability parameters, and spatial electric field gradient parameters. S3. Based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters, determine the voltage testing result of the circuit under test according to the preset evaluation rules; the voltage testing result includes induced voltage and operating voltage.

[0028] Specifically, the electric field sensor of the signal acquisition module 1 non-contactly senses the electric field around the circuit under test and converts it into an electrical signal, namely the electric field signal. Based on the electric field signal, it is determined whether the amplitude of the electric field signal exceeds a minimum start-up threshold (i.e., the preset amplitude threshold), which can be set to the rated voltage U. n The sensitivity is ensured to be 15% to avoid interference from induced voltage. If the effective value of the electric field signal detected by any electric field sensor of the signal acquisition module 1 exceeds the minimum start-up threshold, and if it does not exceed the threshold, it is directly determined to be "no power" and the subsequent steps for judging induced voltage and operating voltage will not be triggered. If the amplitude of the electric field signal is greater than the preset amplitude threshold, at least one induced voltage characteristic parameter (signal frequency parameter, signal time domain stability parameter, and spatial electric field gradient parameter) that is different from the power frequency operating voltage is extracted based on the electric field signal. When any induced voltage characteristic parameter meets the corresponding judgment condition, the voltage detection result of the circuit under test is determined to be induced voltage. Alternatively, the voltage detection evaluation characteristic value of the circuit under test is calculated based on multiple induced voltage characteristic parameters and a preset evaluation model, and then the voltage detection evaluation characteristic value is used to determine whether the voltage detection result of the circuit under test is induced voltage or operating voltage.

[0029] This application provides a voltage detector and voltage detection method applicable to voltage-induced voltages of 85 kV and above. It collects the electric field signal of the circuit under test; if the amplitude of the electric field signal exceeds a preset amplitude threshold, it obtains induced voltage characteristic parameters based on the electric field signal. These voltage characteristic parameters include signal frequency parameters, signal time-domain stability parameters, and spatial electric field gradient parameters. Based on these induced voltage characteristic parameters and preset evaluation rules, it determines the voltage detection result of the circuit under test; the voltage detection result includes induced voltage and operating voltage. By comprehensively detecting multiple characteristic dimensions of the voltage and introducing an intelligent decision algorithm, it achieves reliable differentiation between induced voltage and operating voltage, fundamentally solving the industry problem of false alarms caused by strong induced voltage. It can accurately distinguish between induced voltage and operating voltage, greatly improving the reliability of the voltage detection result. The use of multi-feature fusion intelligent decision reduces reliance on the operator's personal experience, improving the standardization and safety of operations. Simultaneously, while performing basic voltage detection functions, it provides advanced diagnostic functions for voltage type identification, making it more practical.

[0030] Based on the above embodiments, further, the step of determining the voltage detection result of the circuit under test according to the induced voltage characteristic parameters and based on preset evaluation rules includes: If the signal frequency parameter is determined to be greater than a preset frequency threshold, the signal time-domain stability parameter is determined to be greater than a preset stability threshold, or the spatial electric field gradient parameter is determined to be abnormal, then the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be induced voltage; otherwise, the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be operating voltage.

[0031] Specifically, a judgment threshold is set for each induced voltage characteristic parameter. If any extracted induced voltage characteristic parameter meets the preset "induced voltage condition" (such as excessively high-frequency energy ratio, excessive volatility, abnormal electric field gradient), it is determined that "only induced voltage exists, and the line has no operating voltage"; if all characteristic quantities meet the "operating voltage characteristics," it is determined that "operating voltage exists." For example, the electroscope head is equipped with three high-precision electric field sensors arranged in a triangle. The main control chip simultaneously collects three signals and judges: 1) whether the main frequency of the signal is the power frequency; 2) the stability of the amplitude ratio of the three signals; 3) the maximum volatility of the signal amplitude within 3 seconds. When the detected voltage exceeds 15%U... n If the main frequency deviation is greater than 1Hz, or the amplitude is more drastic than the fluctuation, or the fluctuation rate exceeds 20%, it is determined to be induced voltage; if all characteristics conform to the power frequency operating electrical characteristics, it is determined to be that the line is energized, i.e., operating voltage.

[0032] Based on the above embodiments, further, the step of determining the voltage detection result of the circuit under test according to the induced voltage characteristic parameters and based on preset evaluation rules includes: Calculate the electroscope evaluation eigenvalue of the to-be-tested line based on the preset evaluation model according to the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter; If the electroscope evaluation eigenvalue is less than the first characteristic threshold, it is determined that the electroscope result of the to-be-tested line is induced voltage; if the electroscope evaluation eigenvalue is greater than the second characteristic threshold, it is determined that the electroscope result of the to-be-tested line is operating voltage; wherein, the first characteristic threshold is less than the second characteristic threshold.

[0033] Specifically, perform standardization processing on the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter to obtain the characteristic scores corresponding to the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter; calculate the electroscope evaluation eigenvalue P of the to-be-tested line according to the characteristic scores and characteristic weights, set the first characteristic threshold T1 and the second characteristic threshold T2, and T1 < T2. If the electroscope evaluation eigenvalue < T1, it is determined that the electroscope result of the to-be-tested line is "induced voltage"; if the comprehensive score > T2, it is determined that the electroscope result of the to-be-tested line is "operating voltage"; if it is between T1 and T2, then output "the state is uncertain, it is recommended to retest or take conservative measures". Set the first characteristic threshold T1 = 30, the second characteristic threshold T2 = 70. If P < 30, it is judged as "induced voltage". If P > 70, it is judged as "operating voltage". If 30 ≤ P ≤ 70, it is judged as "the state is uncertain". This method can more delicately reflect the mixed characteristics of the signal and has better fault tolerance.

[0034] On the basis of the above embodiments, further, calculating the electroscope evaluation eigenvalue of the to-be-tested line based on the preset evaluation model according to the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter includes: Perform standardization processing on the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter to obtain the characteristic scores corresponding to the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter; According to P = W f ·F + W s ·S + W g ·G, calculate the electroscope evaluation eigenvalue of the to-be-tested line; wherein, F is the characteristic score corresponding to the signal frequency parameter, W f is the characteristic weight corresponding to the signal frequency parameter, S is the characteristic score corresponding to the signal time-domain stability parameter, W s is the characteristic weight corresponding to the signal time-domain stability parameter, G is the characteristic score corresponding to the spatial electric field gradient parameter, W g is the characteristic weight corresponding to the spatial electric field gradient parameter.

[0035] It is understandable that, due to the large differences in the dimensions and numerical ranges of the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter (e.g., the signal frequency parameter is a ratio of 0-100, the signal time-domain stability parameter is a fluctuation rate of 0-0.5, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter is a gradient value of 0-5000V / m), directly inputting them into the model would lead to an imbalance in feature weights. Therefore, standardization and outlier removal are necessary to ensure the accuracy of the model calculation. First, outlier removal is performed, for example, using the 3σ criterion to remove abnormal feature values ​​caused by sensor jitter and electromagnetic pulse interference during the acquisition process, retaining valid samples. Then, standardization is performed, for example, using Z-Score standardization to map the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter to the same numerical range, eliminating the influence of dimensions. X std = (X μ) / σ, where X is the original value of the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, or the spatial electric field gradient parameter; μ is the average value of multiple samples of the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, or the spatial electric field gradient parameter; σ is the standard deviation of multiple samples of the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, or the spatial electric field gradient parameter; X std The feature score is the standardized feature value of the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, or the spatial electric field gradient parameter.

[0036] Additionally, feature weights can be set: W f = 0.4, W s = 0.4, W g = 0.2, and the feature weights can be optimized based on experimental data.

[0037] Based on the above embodiments, further, obtaining induced voltage characteristic parameters based on the electric field signal includes: Perform an FFT transform on the electric field signal to calculate the proportion of signal energy in the narrow power frequency band and the proportion in the wide high frequency band; The ratio of the proportion of the signal energy in the wide high-frequency band to the proportion in the narrow power frequency band is used as the signal frequency parameter.

[0038] Specifically, since the operating voltage is mainly a stable power frequency (50 / 60Hz) signal, while the induced voltage is often generated by electromagnetic coupling from nearby live lines, it may contain abundant high-frequency components, specific harmonics, or unstable frequency components. Therefore, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) or wavelet analysis is performed on the electric field signal to calculate the proportion of signal energy P_50 in the narrow power frequency band of 48-52Hz and the proportion P_high in the wide high-frequency band of 500Hz-5kHz. The signal frequency characteristic parameter is defined as the ratio of P_high to P_50, that is, the distribution ratio of signal energy in the narrow power frequency band (e.g., 50±2 Hz) and the wider high-frequency band (e.g., above 1kHz) is calculated through spectrum analysis. The operating voltage signal energy is highly concentrated at the power frequency, and the signal frequency characteristic parameter is very small; the induced voltage often contains abundant high-frequency components, and the signal frequency characteristic parameter is relatively large (e.g., ...). Figure 4 (Illustrative image) If the high-frequency component energy accounts for a significant proportion, it tends to be judged as induced voltage.

[0039] Based on the above embodiments, further, obtaining induced voltage characteristic parameters based on the electric field signal includes: The standard deviation of the effective value of the electric field signal is calculated using a preset duration as the sliding time window. The ratio of the standard deviation of the effective value of the electric field signal to the average value of the effective value of the electric field signal is used as the time-domain stability parameter of the signal.

[0040] Specifically, the operating voltage amplitude is relatively stable with minimal fluctuations (compliant with power grid standards). The induced voltage amplitude is easily affected by environmental factors, distance, and changes in the load of nearby lines, potentially exhibiting large fluctuations or irregular changes within a short period. Within a set sliding time window (e.g., several seconds), the standard deviation of the effective value of the electric field signal is calculated. The ratio of the standard deviation of the effective value of the electric field signal to its average value is used as the time-domain stability parameter of the signal. For example, using a 3-second sliding time window, the standard deviation of the effective value of the signal is calculated, and the time-domain stability parameter is defined as the ratio of the standard deviation to the average value. The time-domain stability parameter of the operating voltage is extremely small, while that of the induced voltage is relatively large.

[0041] Based on the above embodiments, further, obtaining induced voltage characteristic parameters based on the electric field signal includes: The spatial electric field gradient value is calculated based on the electric field intensity collected by multiple electric field sensors and the spacing between adjacent electric field sensors. The spatial electric field gradient value is used to determine whether the induced electric field distribution of the circuit under test is abnormal, and is used as the spatial electric field gradient parameter.

[0042] Specifically, the electric field generated by the operating voltage exhibits a certain regularity in its spatial gradient distribution. The distribution pattern of the induced electric field may differ from that of the operating electric field. Multiple electric field sensors are arranged along a specific direction (e.g., perpendicular to the direction of the circuit under test) to form a sensor array. By comparing the field strength values ​​measured by each sensor, the spatial attenuation gradient of the electric field strength is analyzed. Abnormal gradient patterns can serve as an auxiliary criterion for determining the induced voltage.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, signal acquisition module 1 employs two high-performance capacitive electric field sensors (first electric field sensor 11 and second electric field sensor 12), arranged side-by-side at a fixed distance d along a direction perpendicular to the line under test 100. This arrangement is used to sense the electric field strengths E1 and E2 at a point near the line under test and another point adjacent to it, from which the spatial electric field gradient parameter = (E1 - E2) / d can be calculated. For the electrostatic field (quasi-static field) generated by the operating voltage, its gradient distribution conforms to a certain theoretical model; however, the distribution of the induced electric field may exhibit anomalies due to different coupling methods, and gradient characteristics can serve as an effective criterion. The real-time electric field gradient value is calculated, and its stability over time is observed. The operating voltage gradient value is stable, while the induced voltage gradient value may fluctuate or deviate significantly from the theoretical value.

[0044] Based on the above embodiments, the method further includes: If the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be induced voltage, a first prompt signal is output; if the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be operating voltage, a second prompt signal is output.

[0045] Specifically, the voltage detector also includes multi-color LED indicator lights and / or a voice module. The first and second prompt signals can use different colored LEDs and different sound prompts. For example, a three-color indicator can be used: a green light indicates "no power" (signal has not exceeded the minimum start-up value); a yellow light (or flashing) accompanied by an intermittent prompt sound indicates "induced voltage, no operating voltage on the line, but please be careful"; a red light accompanied by a continuous alarm sound indicates "operating voltage present, danger!". This clearly distinguishes between the "induced voltage" and "operating voltage" states and provides clear prompts, enabling maintenance personnel to make accurate and safe work decisions and avoiding blind risks or ineffective waiting.

[0046] The voltage detector provided in this application embodiment, applicable to voltage induced current of 85 kV and above, can be used to execute the voltage detection method described in this application embodiment, applicable to voltage induced current of 85 kV and above. Furthermore, the functions of each module of this system correspond to the implementation of… Figure 3 The corresponding process of the method shown will not be elaborated here for the sake of brevity.

[0047] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that due to the limitations of written expression, while there are objectively infinite specific structures, those skilled in the art can make several improvements, modifications, or changes without departing from the principles of this invention, and can also combine the above technical features in an appropriate manner. These improvements, modifications, changes, or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical solution to other situations without modification, should all be considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An electroscope suitable for detecting high-voltage induced current of 85 kV and above, characterized in that, Includes a housing and a circuit system disposed within the housing, the circuit system comprising: The signal acquisition module is used to acquire the electric field signal of the circuit under test. The parameter acquisition module is used to determine if the amplitude of the electric field signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold, and then acquire induced voltage characteristic parameters based on the electric field signal; the voltage characteristic parameters include signal frequency parameters, signal time-domain stability parameters, and spatial electric field gradient parameters. The voltage detection module determines the voltage detection result of the circuit under test based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters and a preset evaluation rule; the voltage detection result includes the induced voltage and the operating voltage.

2. The electroscope according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal acquisition module includes: Multiple electric field sensors arranged along a predetermined spatial direction are used to acquire spatial electric field gradient information around the circuit under test.

3. A voltage detection method applicable to voltage induced current of 85 kV and above, characterized in that, The voltage testing method is implemented using the voltage detector as described in any one of claims 1-2, and includes: The electric field signal of the circuit under test is collected; If the amplitude of the electric field signal is greater than a preset amplitude threshold, then induced voltage characteristic parameters are obtained based on the electric field signal; the voltage characteristic parameters include signal frequency parameters, signal time-domain stability parameters, and spatial electric field gradient parameters. Based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters, the voltage testing result of the circuit under test is determined according to a preset evaluation rule; the voltage testing result includes the induced voltage and the operating voltage.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the voltage detection result of the circuit under test based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters and a preset evaluation rule includes: If the signal frequency parameter is determined to be greater than a preset frequency threshold, the signal time-domain stability parameter is determined to be greater than a preset stability threshold, or the spatial electric field gradient parameter is determined to be abnormal, then the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be induced voltage; otherwise, the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be operating voltage.

5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the voltage detection result of the circuit under test based on the induced voltage characteristic parameters and a preset evaluation rule includes: Based on the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter, the voltage detection evaluation characteristic value of the line under test is calculated based on a preset evaluation model. If the voltage detection evaluation feature value is less than the first feature threshold, the voltage detection result of the circuit under test is determined to be induced voltage; if the voltage detection evaluation feature value is greater than the second feature threshold, the voltage detection result of the circuit under test is determined to be operating voltage; wherein, the first feature threshold is less than the second feature threshold.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the signal frequency parameters, the signal time-domain stability parameters, and the spatial electric field gradient parameters, the voltage detection evaluation characteristic values ​​of the circuit under test are calculated according to a preset evaluation model, including: The signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter are standardized to obtain the feature scores corresponding to the signal frequency parameter, the signal time-domain stability parameter, and the spatial electric field gradient parameter; According to P==W f ·F + W s ·S + W g ·G, calculate the voltage detection evaluation characteristic value of the circuit under test; where F is the characteristic score corresponding to the signal frequency parameter, W f S is the feature weight corresponding to the signal frequency parameter, S is the feature score corresponding to the signal time-domain stability parameter, and W is the feature weight. s G is the feature weight corresponding to the signal time-domain stability parameter, G is the feature score corresponding to the spatial electric field gradient parameter, and W is the feature weight corresponding to the signal time-domain stability parameter. g The feature weights are those corresponding to the spatial electric field gradient parameters.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the electric field signal, characteristic parameters of the induced voltage are obtained, including: Perform an FFT transform on the electric field signal to calculate the proportion of signal energy in the narrow power frequency band and the proportion in the wide high frequency band; The ratio of the proportion of the signal energy in the wide high-frequency band to the proportion in the narrow power frequency band is used as the signal frequency parameter.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the electric field signal, characteristic parameters of the induced voltage are obtained, including: The standard deviation of the effective value of the electric field signal is calculated using a preset duration as the sliding time window. The ratio of the standard deviation of the effective value of the electric field signal to the average value of the effective value of the electric field signal is used as the time-domain stability parameter of the signal.

9. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the electric field signal, characteristic parameters of the induced voltage are obtained, including: The spatial electric field gradient value is calculated based on the electric field intensity collected by multiple electric field sensors and the spacing between adjacent electric field sensors. The spatial electric field gradient value is used to determine whether the induced electric field distribution of the circuit under test is abnormal, and is used as the spatial electric field gradient parameter.

10. The method according to claims 3-9, characterized in that, The method further includes: If the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be induced voltage, a first prompt signal is output; if the voltage test result of the circuit under test is determined to be operating voltage, a second prompt signal is output.

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