Efficient-absorption leaf fertilizer for tea trees

Abstract

The invention provides a tea tree leaf fertilizer capable of being efficiently absorbed, which is mainly prepared from aromatic neo-sphingobacterium, sphingomonas, macromolecular collagen and a compound microbial agent and is used for improving the growth of tea trees and the quality of tea leaves. The formula comprises 0.01%-5% of macromolecular collagen, 0.5%-10% of a compound microbial agent, 1%-3% of a chelating agent, 0.5%-5% of trace elements and the balance of water. The macromolecular collagen enhances the stability and moisture retention of the foliar fertilizer, is beneficial to the absorption of nutrient substances, and can maintain the effect even in special weather such as rainfall or drought. Meanwhile, the aromatic neo-sphingobacterium and the sphingomonas can degrade pesticide residues, and the influence on the environment is reduced. After the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the quality of the tea leaves can be effectively improved, and the foliar fertilizer is an environment-friendly and efficient plant nutrition scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention specifically relates to a highly efficient tea leaf fertilizer. Background Technology

[0002] my country is the birthplace of tea, with a long history of tea cultivation. To ensure tea yield and quality while promoting the growth of the tea plants, continuous fertilization is necessary. However, traditional fertilization methods, such as root fertilization, not only reduce fertilizer utilization but also cause environmental pollution. Therefore, foliar fertilization of tea plants is gaining increasing attention. Foliar fertilizer applies nutrients to the surface of crop leaves, where they are absorbed and exert their effects. Plant leaves have two layers of epidermis, composed of epidermal cells. The outer layer of the upper epidermal cells has a cuticle and wax layer, which protect the mesophyll cells beneath the epidermis from photosynthesis and respiration, preventing them from being affected by adverse external conditions. Leaves also have numerous tiny stomata, which facilitate gas exchange. Research shows that the cuticle is composed of a long-chain fatty acid polymer with hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. The intermolecular gaps and the hydrophilic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the polymer allow aqueous solutions to penetrate into the leaf. Furthermore, the stomata on the leaf surface provide an even more convenient channel for foliar fertilizer to enter the leaf. Foliar spraying can compensate for insufficient root nutrient absorption. When root fertilization is inconvenient for crops, such as in the later stages of crop growth when root vitality declines, or when there is excessive water, drought, or soil that is too acidic or alkaline, causing root absorption to be hindered, foliar fertilization can quickly replenish nutrients. In addition, when crops show symptoms of deficiency of certain nutrients during their growth process, foliar fertilization can allow nutrients to quickly enter the plant through the leaves, solving the problem of nutrient deficiency.

[0003] Currently, several foliar fertilizers specifically formulated for tea trees have emerged. Some scholars have studied the effects of specially formulated amino acid foliar fertilizers on the physiological characteristics and quality of oolong tea trees. They found that amino acid foliar fertilizers applied to tea trees can be directly absorbed through the leaves and participate in the amino acid metabolism of the tea tree. However, this type of foliar fertilizer uses pH control for preservation. Tea leaves are crucial for photosynthesis, and overly acidic foliar fertilizers may damage leaves or cause spots on the leaf surface, potentially reducing the efficiency of photosynthesis and affecting the growth and quality of the tea leaves. While microbial fertilizers can increase tea yield and promote bud sprouting, the effects are not significant, possibly due to differences in the life activities of the microorganisms. In February 2018, the State Intellectual Property Office of China published a foliar fertilizer for tea trees made from seaweed and its preparation method (CN104591831B). The main components are 21-28% seaweed extract, 10-15% macronutrient fertilizer, 5-10% micronutrient fertilizer, 0.5-1% rare earth element fertilizer, 20-45% chelating agent, 0.8-1.2% surfactant, and 100% water. The main function is to increase fertilizer efficiency, promote crop growth and development, enhance stress resistance, improve crop disease resistance, and greatly improve crop quality. However, the seaweed polysaccharide foliar fertilizer prepared by this method requires a long rehydration time under drought conditions. In tea production practice, chemical pesticides are generally used to control the tea green leafhopper. However, surveys show that due to insufficient awareness of tea product quality and safety among tea farmers, problems such as improper pesticide preparation, excessive application frequency, pesticide mixing, and failure to strictly adhere to safe harvesting intervals exist. This has led to potential product quality and safety hazards, as well as the serious tea quality problem of excessive pesticide residues caused by pesticide abuse and irrational use. Pesticide residues such as pentachloronitrobenzene and trichlorfon have been detected in tea. Currently, microbial fertilizers have not been used to degrade pesticide residues; natural degradation of pesticides on tea trees is the primary mode of pesticide degradation.

[0004] Macromolecular collagen has good light transmission, hydrophilicity, and air permeability, and will not affect the photosynthesis and metabolism of tea trees. It has high stability and structural integrity, and can provide strong support and protection. Most foliar fertilizers are water-soluble, and special weather conditions such as rain or drought can affect the absorption of nutrients from foliar fertilizers by tea leaves. When macromolecular collagen is compounded into foliar fertilizer, it can protect nutrients from being washed away by rainwater. In dry conditions, macromolecular collagen has a certain degree of moisturizing ability, which can keep the leaves moist, and can quickly rehydrate in a short period of time after a prolonged drought. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the technical deficiencies in existing technologies by providing a highly efficient foliar fertilizer for tea plants. This fertilizer combines macromolecular collagen with beneficial intestinal microorganisms from the tea green leafhopper. These beneficial microorganisms are derived from the saliva and protease-producing symbiotic bacteria of the tea green leafhopper, which are commonly found in tea leaves. This method not only solves the problem of nutrient loss due to rain washout in conventional foliar fertilizers but also allows for rapid rehydration after prolonged drought, promoting efficient nutrient absorption by the leaves. The beneficial intestinal microorganisms derived from the tea green leafhopper's saliva can also degrade aromatic compounds in pesticides. The microbial metabolism of pesticides is attributed to microbial reduction reactions, which can reduce nitro-containing pesticides to amino derivatives, thereby reducing pesticide residues and significantly improving tea quality.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A highly efficient foliar fertilizer for tea trees is made from macromolecular collagen, *Neopsphingobacterium aromaticum*, *Sphingomonas sphingosine*, and a compound microbial agent. The macromolecular collagen exhibits good permeability and hydrophilicity, ensuring it does not interfere with plant photosynthesis and metabolism. It also possesses high stability and structural integrity, providing strong support and protection. When sprayed on tea leaves, this foliar fertilizer is less likely to be lost due to rainwater runoff. Under dry conditions, the macromolecular collagen also has a certain moisturizing effect, keeping the leaves moist and facilitating better absorption of the foliar fertilizer by the tea trees. The molecular weight of the macromolecular collagen is between 1000-3000 kDa. This macromolecular collagen is derived from leather scraps, fish scales, and fish skin. Solid waste is used as a source of collagen. The aforementioned *Neopsphingosine Bacillus* and *Sphingosine Monoclonalella* are derived from the saliva and intestinal protease-producing symbiotic bacteria of the tea green leafhopper, which is commonly found in tea. Among them, *Neopsphingosine Bacillus* can degrade a variety of aromatic compounds, such as toluene, aminobenzene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, and 2-5 ring PAHs. Pesticides are often applied during tea cultivation and are difficult to degrade in the natural environment. *Neopsphingosine Bacillus* in the intestines and saliva of the tea green leafhopper can degrade aromatic compounds in pesticides. Its pesticide metabolism pathway is attributed to the reduction reaction of microorganisms. The reduction reaction of microorganisms can reduce nitro pesticides to amino derivatives, such as nitrobenzene to aniline, which is common in the metabolism of some aromatic organophosphorus pesticides.Sphingosine monocytogenes is a rich and novel microbial resource with highly efficient metabolic regulation mechanisms and gene regulation capabilities. It possesses a wealth of degradation-related genes and utilizes mineralization, cometabolism, and non-specific oxidation (aerobic oxidation) pathways, involving three central degradation pathways (β-ketoadipic acid, hydantoin, and gentianic acid pathways) and four peripheral degradation pathways (protocatechuic acid, nicotinic acid, phenylacetyl-CoA, and hydroquinone pathways). Sphingosine monocytogenes can coordinate the effects of multiple degradation pathways, thus exhibiting a significant advantage in degrading aromatic compounds from pesticides, which is of positive significance for improving tea quality. The aforementioned compound microbial agent comprises the saliva of the tea green leafhopper, the intestinal protease-producing symbiotic bacteria Burkholderia and Bacillus subtilis, and the common biopesticide control bacterium Aspergillus oryzae. The strain comprises *Bacillus thuringiensis* and *Bacillus thuringiensis*. *Burkholderia* has an optimal enzyme production pH of 7.2 and an optimal growth temperature of 30–35℃. It can survive in outdoor environments at normal temperatures. This bacterium can promote nitrogen and phosphorus absorption in tea leaves, inhibit pathogen growth, and has significant application potential in promoting tea growth and maintaining plant health. *Bacillus subtilis*, a species of *Bacillus*, enters spore dormancy under harsh growing conditions and nutrient deficiencies, forming spores with extremely strong resistance, surviving even in high-temperature, acidic, and alkaline environments, thus adapting to its environment. It can utilize proteins, various sugars, and starch to decompose tryptophan into indole, making it a commonly used biological control and soil amendment strain. It can promote root development, improve tea tree immunity, enhance crop metabolism, and reduce diseases. Applying highly absorbable foliar fertilizer to tea leaves in the early morning allows microorganisms to gradually break down large collagen molecules into smaller ones under suitable temperature and humidity. This results in bright-colored dried tea leaves that are picked directly without washing, producing a rich and aromatic tea infusion. Applying this highly absorbable foliar fertilizer not only enhances the tea tree's immunity and disease resistance, reduces pesticide residues, and improves tea quality, but also increases the collagen content and nutritional value of the tea infusion.

[0008] This invention provides a highly efficient foliar fertilizer for tea plants. The raw materials of this foliar fertilizer include: 0.01%–5% macromolecular collagen, 0.1%–10% *Sphingosporobacterium aromaticum* and *Sphingosporium sphingosum*, 0.5%–5% compound microbial agent, 1%–3% chelating agent, 0.5%–5% trace elements, and the remainder being water. The macromolecular collagen has a molecular weight between 1000 and 3000 kDa; the *Sphingosporobacterium aromaticum*, *Sphingosporium sphingosum*, and compound microbial agent are derived from the saliva of the tea green leafhopper and protease-producing symbiotic bacteria in its intestines; the compound microbial agent consists of *Burkholderia granatum*, *Bacillus subtilis*, etc.

[0009] Preferably, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0010] 0.05% macromolecular collagen, 0.1% aromatic neosphingosporobacter and 0.5% sphingosporium, 0.5% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia and Bacillus subtilis, 1% chelating agent, 2% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

[0011] Preferably, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0012] 0.1% macromolecular collagen, 1% aromatic neosphingobacterium and sphingomonas, 1% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia and Bacillus subtilis, 1.5% chelating agent, 3% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

[0013] Preferably, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0014] 1% macromolecular collagen, 5% aromatic neosphingobacterium and sphingomonas, 3% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae, 2% chelating agent, 4% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

[0015] Preferably, it is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0016] 5% macromolecular collagen, 10% aromatic neosphingobacterium and sphingomonas, 5% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus thuringiensis, 3% chelating agent, 5% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

[0017] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the advantages and effects of this invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0018] 1. The raw materials for producing collagen in this invention are widely available and abundant, including solid waste such as leather scraps, fish scales, and fish skin. The raw material cost is very low and the production process is simple.

[0019] 2. The foliar fertilizer prepared by this invention is a tea tree foliar fertilizer with high nutrient absorption and can be used to degrade pesticide residues;

[0020] 3. It preserves the original quality characteristics and health benefits of tea in its natural state. The tea produced contains collagen, which has a synergistic effect of enhancing antioxidant properties.

[0021] 4. The highly efficient foliar fertilizer for tea trees prepared by this invention, when sprayed on tea trees, allows aromatic bacteria such as *Sphingosporobacterium aromaticum* and *Sphingosporomonas* to degrade aromatic compounds in pesticides, thus reducing pesticide residues. The compound bacteria can enhance the tea trees' disease resistance, reduce pesticide use, and promote plant growth. The collagen has good permeability, high stability, and structural integrity, providing strong support and protection, and can help tea trees rehydrate quickly in drought conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 Samples were collected in May 2023, 7 days after foliar fertilizer application, using a random sampling method of 1 bud and 3 leaves. Data were obtained by treating the samples with formulations 1, 2, 3, and 4 three times in three replicates. As the concentrations of collagen, *Sphingomyelin-aromatitis*, *Sphingomonas*, and the complex bacteria increased in formulations 1-4, the levels of trichlorfon and pentachloronitrobenzene decreased. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described and illustrated below with reference to embodiments. However, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the present invention and the embodiments, all other inventions and embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1: Preparation method of tea leaf fertilizer with high efficiency absorption by black tea

[0025] 1. Highly absorbable tea leaf fertilizer formula

[0026] A highly absorbable foliar fertilizer for tea trees, characterized by being made from the following percentages of raw materials: 0.01%–5% macromolecular collagen, 0.1%–10% *Sphingosporobacter* and *Sphingomonas*, 0.5%–5% compound microbial agent, 1%–3% chelating agent, 0.5%–5% trace elements, and the remainder being water. The macromolecular collagen has a molecular weight between 1000 and 3000 kDa; the compound microbial agent is derived from the saliva of the tea green leafhopper and protease-producing symbiotic bacteria in its intestines; the compound microbial agent consists of *Burkholderia*, *Bacillus subtilis*, etc.

[0027] Formula T1: 0.05% macromolecular collagen, 0.1% aromatic neosphingosporobacter and 0.1% sphingosporomonas, 0.5% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia and Bacillus subtilis, 1% chelating agent, 2% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

[0028] Formula T2: 0.1% macromolecular collagen, 1% aromatic neosphingobacterium and sphingomonas, 1% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia and Bacillus subtilis, 1.5% chelating agent, 3% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

[0029] Formula T3: 1% macromolecular collagen, 5% aromatic neosphingosporobacter, 5% sphingosporium, 3% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia, Bacillus subtilis, and Aspergillus oryzae, 2% chelating agent, 4% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

[0030] Formula T4: 5% macromolecular collagen, 10% aromatic neosphingobacterium and sphingomonas, 5% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus thuringiensis, 3% chelating agent, 5% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

[0031] Example 2: Experiment on the effect of foliar fertilizer application on tea leaves with high efficiency absorption by black tea.

[0032] 1. Implementation location:

[0033] The experimental site was located in the Wuyishan Ecological Tea Garden Base in Fujian Province, at an altitude of about 650m. It belongs to the subtropical humid climate zone with an average annual temperature of 18℃ and an annual rainfall of about 2000mm. The frost-free period is about 180 days, with cold winters and hot summers. The soil texture of the tea garden is yellow-red soil with a pH of 5.5. The tea trees are planted in a double-row single-plant method with a wide row spacing of 150cm, a narrow row spacing of 40cm, and a plant spacing of 30cm, with 2 tea seedlings per clump.

[0034] 2. Test treatment:

[0035] Tea trees were selected as the experimental material, and four kinds of highly efficient tea leaf fertilizers prepared in Example 1 were used for the experiment. A control group was set up, with a total of 5 treatments. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the area of ​​each treatment was about 36㎡.

[0036] 3. Application method

[0037] The highly absorbable tea foliar fertilizer prepared in Example 1 was applied evenly using a manual sprayer after 5:00 PM on a windless, sunny afternoon. Each treatment was sprayed with 500 mL of the highly absorbable tea foliar fertilizer, while the control group was sprayed with an equal volume of distilled water. Other field management practices were carried out as usual.

[0038] 3. Indicators and Measurement Methods

[0039] In May 2023, samples were randomly collected 7 days after foliar fertilizer application using a 1 bud, 3 leaves method. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Data are as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

Claims

1. A highly efficient foliar fertilizer for tea trees, characterized in that... It is made from the following percentages of raw materials: 0.01%–5% macromolecular collagen, 0.1%–10% *Sphingosporobacter* and *Sphingomonas*, 0.5%–5% compound microbial agent, 1%–3% chelating agent, 0.5%–5% trace elements, and the remainder is water. The macromolecular collagen has a molecular weight between 1000 and 3000 kDa; the compound microbial agent is derived from the saliva of the tea green leafhopper and protease-producing symbiotic bacteria in the intestine; the compound microbial agent consists of *Burkholderia*, *Bacillus subtilis*, etc.

2. The highly efficient tea foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.05% macromolecular collagen, 0.1% aromatic neosphingobacterium and sphingomonas, 0.5% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia and Bacillus subtilis, 1% chelating agent, 2% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

3. The highly absorbable tea foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.1% macromolecular collagen, 1% aromatic neosphingobacterium and sphingomonas, 1% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia and Bacillus subtilis, 1.5% chelating agent, 3% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

4. The highly efficient tea foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1% macromolecular collagen, 5% aromatic neosphingosporobacter and sphingosporium, 3% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia, Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus oryzae, 2% chelating agent, 4% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

5. The highly efficient tea foliar fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5% macromolecular collagen, 10% aromatic neosphingobacterium and sphingomonas, 5% compound microbial agent: the compound microbial agent is composed of Burkholderia, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus thuringiensis, 3% chelating agent, 5% trace elements, and the remainder is water.

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