Boron nitride precursor derived nanoparticle reinforced metal matrix composite material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal-based composite material preparation, in particular to a boron nitride precursor derived nanoparticle reinforced metal-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that under inert atmosphere protection, a boron ammonia alkane complex is dissolved in an organic solvent, and a solution A is formed; adding metal powder into the solution A, mixing, and removing the solvent to obtain metal composite powder B coated with a boron ammonia alkane complex; under the protective atmosphere, the composite powder B is subjected to heat treatment, so that the boron ammonia alkane complex is crosslinked and cracked, and metal composite powder C coated with a nano boron nitride intermediate is obtained; and the composite powder C is subjected to densification treatment, and the metal-based composite material is prepared. The precursor solution coating and in-situ reaction technology is utilized, the problem that the obdurability of a metal matrix is reduced in the preparation process of a traditional method is fundamentally solved, and the prepared composite material is uniform in structure, excellent in performance and suitable for the field of high-performance structural materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal matrix composite material preparation technology, specifically to a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Lightweight, high-strength alloys, such as titanium alloys, aluminum alloys, and titanium-aluminum alloys, possess low density, high specific strength, and excellent corrosion resistance, making them widely used in aerospace, transportation, and other fields. However, their intrinsic absolute strength, hardness, and high-temperature creep resistance are insufficient, limiting their application under extreme conditions. By introducing nanoscale ceramic phases as reinforcements, dislocations can be effectively pinned and grains refined. Utilizing significant interface effects and grain refinement strengthening effects, the strength, stiffness, and thermal stability of the material can be greatly improved while retaining the lightweight properties of the matrix.

[0003] However, in the traditional preparation process of nano-reinforcement, the dispersion of nano-reinforcement usually relies on long-term, high-energy ball milling, which inevitably introduces impurity elements such as oxygen and iron, significantly reducing the strength and toughness of the metal matrix and thus affecting the overall performance of the composite material.

[0004] To address the aforementioned bottlenecks, there is an urgent need to provide a method for preparing nano-reinforcements in order to solve the problem of reduced strength and toughness of the metal matrix during the preparation process using traditional methods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material and its preparation method.

[0006] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: This invention provides a method for preparing a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material, comprising the following steps: S1. Under an inert atmosphere, the boronine complex is dissolved in an organic solvent to form solution A.

[0007] S2. Add metal powder to solution A, mix, and remove solvent to obtain metal composite powder B coated with boronine complex; the mass of boronine complex is 0.1% to 5% of the mass of metal powder; the amount of organic solvent is 50% to 200% of the mass of metal powder.

[0008] S3. Under a protective atmosphere, the composite powder B is heat-treated to crosslink and decompose the boronamine complex, thereby obtaining metal composite powder C coated with nano boron nitride intermediate.

[0009] S4. The composite powder C is densified to obtain the metal matrix composite material.

[0010] The method involves dissolving a boronamine complex in an organic solvent under an inert atmosphere, mixing it with active metal powder, and drying it to obtain a precursor-coated composite powder. Subsequently, heat treatment is performed under a protective atmosphere to crosslink and decompose the precursor into nano-boron nitride intermediates. Finally, densification treatment is performed to trigger an in-situ reaction between the boron nitride intermediates and the metal, generating uniformly distributed nanoscale reinforcing particles in the matrix.

[0011] Preferably, the organic solvent is acetonitrile.

[0012] Preferably, in step S2, the metal powder is a metal or alloy powder that can react in situ with boron nitride, including one of titanium, aluminum, magnesium, zirconium and their alloys.

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, the heat treatment includes: heating from room temperature to 150℃~170℃ at a heating rate of 0.5℃ / min~5℃ / min, holding at the temperature for 1 hour~2 hours after heating to carry out a crosslinking reaction; subsequently, heating to 450℃~850℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min~5℃ / min, holding at the temperature for 30 minutes~120 minutes after heating to carry out a pyrolysis reaction.

[0014] Preferably, in step S4, the densification treatment is a powder metallurgy process or an additive manufacturing process. Preferably, the powder metallurgy process includes hot pressing sintering, spark plasma sintering, hot isostatic pressing, or pressureless sintering.

[0015] Preferably, the sintering temperature in the powder metallurgy process is 500℃~620℃ for aluminum or aluminum alloys; 900℃~1350℃ for titanium or titanium alloys; and 1000℃~1300℃ for titanium-aluminum alloys.

[0016] Preferably, the additive manufacturing process is selective laser melting, with an energy density range of 30 J / mm². 3 ~200 J / mm 3 .

[0017] A boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides a method for preparing a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material, comprising the following steps: S1, under an inert atmosphere, dissolving a boronamine complex in an organic solvent to form solution A. S2, adding metal powder to solution A, mixing, and then removing the solvent to obtain a boronamine complex-coated metal composite powder B; the mass of the boronamine complex is 0.1% to 5% of the mass of the metal powder; the amount of the organic solvent is 50% to 200% of the mass of the metal powder. S3, under a protective atmosphere, heat-treating the composite powder B to crosslink and pyrolyze the boronamine complex, obtaining a nano-boron nitride intermediate-coated metal composite powder C. S4, densifying the composite powder C to obtain the metal matrix composite material. This invention utilizes an organic solution to uniformly coat the surface of metal powder with a boronamine complex, followed by drying, crosslinking, pyrolysis, and densification to obtain a strong and tough composite material with uniformly dispersed ceramic phase and reinforced by nano-sized ceramic particles. The method of this invention involves coating metal powder with a boronamine alkyl complex, resulting in an in-situ reaction between the boron nitride intermediate and the metal. This allows the nanoparticles to be uniformly distributed within the metal matrix, improving the overall performance of the composite material. The nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material prepared by this method has an average particle size (or diameter) of less than 100 nanometers. The uniformly distributed nanoparticles simultaneously enhance the composite material's strength, hardness, and wear resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 The mechanical properties of the boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium-based composite material in Example 1 of this invention are shown.

[0021] Figure 2 The microstructure of the boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium-based composite material in Example 1 of this invention is shown.

[0022] Figure 3 The microstructure of the boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium-based composite material in Example 3 of this invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 4 The microstructure of the boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material in Example 6 of this invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more comprehensive description is provided below, along with preferred embodiments. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

[0026] The inventive concept of this invention is as follows: In the traditional preparation process of nano-reinforcement, the dispersion of nano-reinforcement usually relies on long-term, high-energy ball milling, which inevitably introduces impurity elements such as oxygen and iron, significantly reducing the strength and toughness of the metal matrix and thus affecting the overall performance of the composite material.

[0027] Based on this, this invention generates a uniformly distributed nanoparticle reinforcement within a metal matrix through an in-situ reaction between a nanoscale boron nitride intermediate produced by the pyrolysis of boronamine alkane complex and an active metal. This invention abandons the traditional method of mechanically mixing powders, employing liquid-phase dispersion technology to uniformly coat the precursor onto the surface of the metal powder, avoiding the introduction of impurities during traditional ball milling. During sintering, the B and N elements abundant in the precursor react in-situ with the metal matrix, generating a uniformly distributed nano-ceramic reinforcement. This avoids grain coarsening, associated agglomeration, and grain boundary defects caused by the introduction of nano-ceramic powder, ensuring a uniform distribution of the nano-reinforcement and reliable preparation. Furthermore, the organic coating of the metal powder by the precursor under liquid-phase dispersion technology hinders the adsorption effect of oxygen by the metal powder. Additionally, the reducing properties of the precursor's high-temperature pyrolysis products (H2 and NH3) allow for the adsorption of oxygen impurities from the metal powder through redox reactions, effectively reducing the oxygen content in the composite material and ultimately significantly improving the strength and toughness of the metal matrix composite.

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0029] The borane-ammonia complex was purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0030] TC4 titanium alloy powder was purchased from Tianjin Tiental (Tianjin) Metal Materials Co., Ltd.

[0031] TD2 titanium-aluminum alloy powder was purchased from AVIC MAT Co., Ltd.

[0032] 2024 Al aluminum alloy powder was purchased from AVIC MITEK Co., Ltd.

[0033] Example 1: A method for preparing a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium-based composite material. This embodiment uses TC4 titanium alloy powder to prepare metal matrix composites.

[0034] S1. After 1 hour of standing in an argon-filled glove box, 1.0 g of the borane-ammonia complex was slowly added to 100 g of acetonitrile. The precursor was completely dissolved in the acetonitrile by mechanical stirring to prepare solution A.

[0035] S2. Slowly add 200g of TC4 titanium alloy powder to solution A and stir in a mixer to obtain a mixed solution; subject the mixed solution to vacuum distillation at 40℃ under rotating conditions to remove the solvent, obtaining boron-ammonia complex-coated metal composite powder B. The mass of the boron-ammonia complex is 0.5wt.% of the metal powder.

[0036] S3. The metal composite powder B is subjected to heat treatment, that is, in a vacuum environment, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 150°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and the temperature is held for 1 hour after the heating is completed to allow the metal composite powder B to undergo a cross-linking reaction; then, the temperature is increased to 800°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and the temperature is held for 30 minutes after the heating is completed, and then pyrolyzed in a vacuum to obtain metal composite powder C coated with nano boron nitride intermediate.

[0037] S4. Densification treatment is carried out on the metal composite powder C coated with the nano boron nitride intermediate, that is, all the metal composite powder C coated with the nano boron nitride intermediate obtained in S3 is hot-pressed and sintered. The sintering temperature for TC4 alloy is 1300℃ and the sintering time is 30 minutes to obtain the boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle reinforced titanium matrix composite material.

[0038] In this boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium matrix composite, in-situ generated nano-TiB whiskers are uniformly distributed in the matrix, and their distribution uniformity is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, this method avoids the agglomeration behavior of nano-reinforcements prepared by traditional methods, demonstrating the unique characteristics of borane-amine complex-derived nano-reinforcements. Furthermore, nitrogen and oxygen analysis revealed that when the mass of the borane-amine complex was 0.5 wt.% of the metal powder, the oxygen content of the nano-TiB whisker-reinforced titanium matrix composite was reduced to 65% of that of the original metal powder, proving its highly efficient oxygen-removing ability. Thus, a high-performance nano-TiB whisker-reinforced titanium matrix composite was obtained, with a compressive strength as high as 2250 MPa and a compression ratio maintained at 42%. Compared with traditional particle-reinforced titanium matrix composites, the strength and toughness of the nano-TiB whisker-reinforced titanium matrix composite are simultaneously improved. Specific compressive mechanical properties are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0039] Example 2: A method for preparing a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium-aluminum matrix composite material. This embodiment uses TD2 titanium-aluminum alloy powder to prepare metal matrix composites.

[0040] S1. After 1 hour of standing in an argon-filled glove box, 1.0 g of the borane-ammonia complex was slowly added to 100 g of acetonitrile. The borane-ammonia complex was completely dissolved in the acetonitrile by mechanical stirring to prepare solution A.

[0041] S2. Slowly add 200g of TD2 titanium-aluminum alloy powder to solution A and stir in a mixer to obtain a mixed solution; remove the solvent by vacuum distillation at 40℃ under rotating conditions to obtain metal composite powder B coated with boronine complex; the mass of boronine complex is 0.5wt.% of the metal powder.

[0042] S3. The metal composite powder B is subjected to heat treatment, that is, in a vacuum environment, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 150°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and the temperature is held for 1 hour after the heating is completed to allow the metal composite powder B to undergo a cross-linking reaction; then, the temperature is increased to 800°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and the temperature is held for 30 minutes after the heating is completed, and then pyrolyzed in a vacuum to obtain metal composite powder C coated with nano boron nitride intermediate.

[0043] S4. The metal composite powder C coated with the boron nitride intermediate was densified by hot-pressing and sintering all the boron nitride intermediate-coated metal composite powder C obtained in S3. The sintering temperature for the titanium-aluminum alloy was 1300℃, and the sintering time was 30 minutes, thus obtaining a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium-aluminum matrix composite material. Its compressive strength reached 2600 MPa, and the compressibility was maintained at 30%. In this boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium-aluminum matrix composite material, the in-situ generated nano-TiB whiskers were uniformly distributed in the matrix.

[0044] Example 3: A method for preparing a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium-based composite material. This embodiment uses TC4 titanium alloy powder to prepare metal matrix composites.

[0045] S1. After 2g of borane-ammonia complex has been left to stand in an argon-filled glove box for 1 hour, it is slowly added to 100g of acetonitrile. The borane-ammonia complex is then completely dissolved in the acetonitrile by mechanical stirring to prepare solution A.

[0046] S2. Slowly add 200g of TC4 titanium alloy powder to solution A and stir in a mixer to obtain a mixed solution; remove the solvent by vacuum distillation at 40℃ under rotating conditions to obtain metal composite powder B coated with boronine complex; the mass of boronine complex is 1.0wt.% of the metal powder.

[0047] S3. The metal composite powder B is subjected to heat treatment, that is, in a vacuum environment, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 170°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and the temperature is held for 1 hour after the heating is completed to allow the metal composite powder B to undergo a cross-linking reaction; then, the temperature is increased to 750°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and the temperature is held for 30 minutes after the heating is completed, and then pyrolyzed in a vacuum to obtain metal composite powder C coated with nano boron nitride intermediate.

[0048] S4. The metal composite powder C coated with boron nitride intermediates was densified by hot pressing and sintering all the boron nitride intermediate-coated metal composite powder C obtained in S3. The sintering temperature for TC4 was 1300℃, and the sintering time was 30 minutes, resulting in a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium matrix composite material with a compressive strength exceeding 2625 MPa and a compressibility maintained at 34%. In this boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium matrix composite material, in-situ generated nano-TiB whiskers are uniformly distributed in the matrix, and its microstructure is as follows. Figure 3 As shown.

[0049] Example 4: A method for preparing a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium-based composite material. This embodiment uses TC4 titanium alloy powder to prepare metal matrix composites.

[0050] S1. After 1 hour of standing in an argon-filled glove box, 1 g of the borane-ammonia complex is slowly added to 100 g of acetonitrile. The borane-ammonia complex is completely dissolved in the acetonitrile by mechanical stirring to prepare solution A.

[0051] S2. Slowly add 200g of TC4 titanium alloy powder to solution A and stir in a mixer to obtain a mixed solution; remove the solvent by vacuum distillation at 40℃ under rotating conditions to obtain metal composite powder B coated with boronine complex; the mass of boronine complex is 0.5wt.% of the metal powder.

[0052] S3. The metal composite powder B is subjected to heat treatment, that is, in a vacuum environment, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 150°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and the temperature is held for 1 hour after the heating is completed to allow the metal composite powder B to undergo a cross-linking reaction; then, the temperature is increased at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and the temperature is held at 800°C for 30 minutes after the heating is completed, and then pyrolyzed in a vacuum to obtain metal composite powder C coated with nano boron nitride intermediate.

[0053] S4. The metal composite powder C coated with boron nitride nano-intermediate was densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of all the boron nitride nano-intermediate coated metal composite powder C obtained in S3. The heating rate was 100℃ / s, the sintering temperature was 1250℃, and the sintering time was 5 minutes, thus obtaining a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium matrix composite material. Its compressive strength reached 2390 MPa, and the compressibility was maintained at 39%. In this boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium matrix composite material, in-situ generated nano-TiB whiskers were uniformly distributed in the matrix.

[0054] Example 5: A method for preparing a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium-based composite material. This embodiment uses TC4 titanium alloy powder to prepare metal matrix composites.

[0055] S1. After 1 hour of standing in an argon-filled glove box, 1 g of the borane-ammonia complex is slowly added to 100 g of acetonitrile. The borane-ammonia complex is completely dissolved in the acetonitrile by mechanical stirring to prepare solution A.

[0056] S2. Slowly add 200g of TC4 titanium alloy powder to solution A and mix in a mixer for 5 hours to obtain a mixed solution. Remove the solvent by vacuum distillation at 50℃ under rotating conditions to obtain metal composite powder B coated with boronine complex. The mass of boronine complex is 0.5wt.% of the metal powder.

[0057] S3. The metal composite powder B is subjected to heat treatment, that is, in a vacuum environment, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 150°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and the temperature is held for 1 hour after the heating is completed to allow the metal composite powder B to undergo a cross-linking reaction; then, the temperature is increased to 800°C at a heating rate of 5°C / min, and the temperature is held for 30 minutes after the heating is completed, and then pyrolyzed in a vacuum to obtain metal composite powder C coated with nano boron nitride intermediate.

[0058] S4. The metal composite powder C coated with the boron nitride intermediate is densified by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) sintering of all the boron nitride intermediate-coated metal composite powder C obtained in S3. The HIP cladding material is low-carbon steel, the sintering pressure is 200 MPa, the sintering temperature is 1200℃, and the holding time is 90 minutes. This yields a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium matrix composite material with a compressive strength exceeding 2520 MPa and a compressibility maintained at 36%. In this boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced titanium matrix composite material, in-situ generated nano-TiB whiskers are uniformly distributed in the matrix.

[0059] Example 6: A method for preparing a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. This embodiment uses 2024 Al aluminum alloy powder to prepare metal matrix composites.

[0060] S1. After 1 hour of standing in an argon-filled glove box, 1 g of the borane-ammonia complex is slowly added to 100 g of acetonitrile. The borane-ammonia complex is completely dissolved in the acetonitrile by mechanical stirring to prepare solution A.

[0061] S2. Slowly add 200g of 2024Al aluminum alloy powder to solution A and mix and stir in a mixer for 5 hours to obtain a mixed solution. Remove the solvent by vacuum distillation of the mixed solution at 40℃ under rotating conditions to obtain metal composite powder B coated with boronine complex. The mass of boronine complex is 0.5wt.% of the metal powder.

[0062] S3. The metal composite powder B is subjected to heat treatment, that is, in a vacuum environment, the temperature is increased from room temperature to 150°C at a heating rate of 1°C / min, and the temperature is held for 1 hour after the heating is completed to allow the metal composite powder B to undergo a cross-linking reaction; then, the temperature is increased to 480°C at a heating rate of 2°C / min, and the temperature is held for 120 minutes after the heating is completed, and then pyrolyzed in a vacuum to obtain metal composite powder C coated with nano boron nitride intermediate.

[0063] S4. The metal composite powder C coated with the nano-boron nitride intermediate is densified by selective laser melting (SLM) of all the metal composite powder C coated with the nano-boron nitride intermediate obtained in S3, with an energy density of 110 J / mm². 3 A boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material was prepared, exhibiting a tensile strength of up to 548 MPa and an elongation of 22%. In this boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, in-situ generated nano-AlN, AlB2, and BN particles were uniformly distributed within the matrix, and their microstructure was as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0064] It should be noted that in step S3, the heat treatment includes: heating from room temperature to 150℃~170℃ at a heating rate of 0.5℃ / min~5℃ / min, holding at that temperature for 1 hour~2 hours after heating to carry out a cross-linking reaction; then heating to 450℃~850℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min~5℃ / min, holding at that temperature for 30 minutes~120 minutes after heating to carry out a pyrolysis reaction; the sintering temperature in the powder metallurgy process is 500℃~620℃ for aluminum or aluminum alloys; 900℃~1350℃ for titanium or titanium alloys; and 1000℃~1300℃ for titanium-aluminum alloys; the additive manufacturing process is selective laser melting with an energy density range of 30J / mm². 3 ~200J / mm 3 Under these conditions, the boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material of the present invention can be prepared.

[0065] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0066] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0067] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Under an inert atmosphere, the boronine complex is dissolved in an organic solvent to form solution A; S2. Add metal powder to the obtained solution A, mix, and remove the solvent to obtain metal composite powder B coated with boronine complex; the mass of the boronine complex is 0.1% to 5% of the mass of the metal powder. S3. Under vacuum or protective atmosphere, the obtained metal composite powder B is heat-treated to crosslink and decompose the boronamine complex, thereby obtaining metal composite powder C coated with nano boron nitride intermediate. S4. The obtained composite powder C is densified to obtain the boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic solvent is acetonitrile.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the metal powder is a metal or alloy powder that can react in situ with boron nitride, including one of titanium, aluminum, magnesium, zirconium and their alloys.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the heat treatment includes: heating from room temperature to 150℃~170℃ at a heating rate of 0.5℃ / min~5℃ / min, holding at the temperature for 1 hour~2 hours after heating to carry out a crosslinking reaction; then heating to 450℃~850℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min~5℃ / min, holding at the temperature for 30 minutes~120 minutes after heating to carry out a pyrolysis reaction.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S4, the densification process is a powder metallurgy process or an additive manufacturing process.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The powder metallurgy process includes hot pressing sintering, spark plasma sintering, hot isostatic pressing, or pressureless sintering.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sintering temperature in the powder metallurgy process is 500℃~620℃ for aluminum or aluminum alloys; 900℃~1350℃ for titanium or titanium alloys; and 1000℃~1300℃ for titanium-aluminum alloys.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The additive manufacturing process is selective laser melting, with an energy density range of 30 J / mm². 3 ~200J / mm 3 .

9. A boron nitride precursor-derived nanoparticle-reinforced metal matrix composite material, characterized in that, The composite material is prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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