Borehole Seismic Data Acquisition Device and Acquisition Method Based on Disposable Permeable Optical Cable

Abstract

This invention discloses a downhole seismic data acquisition device and method based on a disposable soluble optical cable, comprising: a surface artificial seismic source and a surface DAS modem; a disposable soluble optical cable lowered into the well by gravity or pumped; the first end of the disposable soluble optical cable is connected to the surface DAS modem; and both ends of the disposable soluble optical cable are connected to an extinction device and a pump head made of a soluble alloy material. The pump head has a built-in CCL sensor module for positioning. The downhole disposable soluble optical cable can be used to acquire deep well micrologging data, microseismic data, DAS-VSP data, and synchronously acquire three-dimensional DAS-VSP data with surface seismic acquisition equipment; it can also acquire temperature and fluid noise data in production wells to calculate production profiles or water absorption profiles. The downhole disposable soluble optical cable of this invention has high sensitivity, the acquisition device is very simple, the cost is low, and downhole operations are simple and significantly safer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wellbore geophysical exploration technology, and specifically relates to a wellbore seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable. Background Technology

[0002] Disposable soluble optical fiber logging represents a significant development direction for downhole fiber optic monitoring. This technology replaces traditional downhole armored optical cables with bare optical fibers. The fibers are delivered into the target formation of dry or gas wells via air pumping equipment along with air, carbon dioxide, or nitrogen pumped downhole, or via conventional well fluid pumping equipment along with clean water or slickwater, significantly simplifying the operational process. After the monitoring task is completed, the optical fiber self-degrades, offering advantages such as low cost and no residue. This effectively addresses the pain points in current oil reservoir development, such as high monitoring difficulty, high operating costs, and numerous hidden dangers left in the wellbore. The application of disposable soluble optical fibers in reservoir dynamic monitoring represents a technological breakthrough, providing a new path for tapping the potential and increasing efficiency of old oilfields and developing unconventional oil and gas.

[0003] Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) in wells is one of the most direct, effective, and reliable geophysical exploration methods for detecting subsurface geological structures. Its basic principle and implementation involve placing multiple three-component seismic detectors at intervals at different depths within the wellbore. Seismic sources are then used to generate seismic waves at single or multiple points near the wellhead on the surface or in its vicinity. The generated seismic waves propagate underground, refracting and reflecting when they encounter different geological interfaces. All seismic wave signals are received and recorded by the detectors in the wellbore. Mathematical processing of the received seismic wave signals allows us to obtain the physical properties of rocks at different depths. If the number of underground detectors and surface sources is sufficient, we can calculate the one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional geometric locations and physical properties of subsurface geological interfaces. The advantage of this method is that it provides detailed and accurate information on the physical properties of subsurface geological structures.

[0004] Currently, the commonly used acquisition equipment in the industry for acquiring VSP or DAS-VSP data in wells includes downhole three-component geophone arrays or armored DAS optical cables deployed inside or outside the casing or tubing. Downhole three-component geophone arrays are expensive, have large stage spacing (over 5 meters), are not resistant to the extremely high temperatures of deep wells, and are prone to getting stuck or falling downhole, resulting in excessive downhole occupation during deployment and retrieval. Armored optical cables deployed inside or outside the casing or tubing present acoustic coupling problems with the inner wall of the casing or tubing, and also pose a risk of getting stuck during deployment and retrieval. When the downhole mud density is high, the surface tension distributed along the armored optical cable often prevents it from being deployed to the bottom of the well. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the bottleneck problem of acquiring VSP data in wells using downhole three-component geophone arrays and armored DAS optical cables inside and outside the casing or tubing, this invention proposes a downhole seismic data acquisition device and method based on disposable soluble optical cables. By using disposable soluble optical cables deployed inside and outside the casing or tubing in the well and connected to a surface DAS modulation and demodulation instrument, high-density DAS-VSP data can be acquired from the entire well section in ultra-deep and ultra-high temperature wells, excited by a surface artificial seismic source.

[0006] The present invention also provides DAS-VSP data acquired by a downhole seismic data acquisition device using a disposable soluble optical cable, providing reference data for subsequent interpretation and evaluation of reservoir parameters, interpretation and evaluation of formation oil and gas, and high-resolution geological structure imaging around the well.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0008] A well-drilled seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable includes a ground-based artificial seismic source, a ground-based seismic detector, and a ground-based DAS modem instrument installed on the ground. It also includes a disposable soluble optical cable transported in the well by gravity or a pump. The first end of the disposable soluble optical cable is connected to the ground-based DAS modem instrument, and the second end is connected to an extinction device and a pump head made of a soluble alloy material. The pump head has a built-in CCL sensor module for positioning the pump head in the well. The well is a vertical well, an inclined well, or a horizontal well. The pump is an air pump or a water pump.

[0009] The ground-based artificial seismic source is one of the following: a controllable seismic source, an explosive seismic source, a directional gas explosion seismic source, a hammer seismic source, an electric spark seismic source, an underwater air gun seismic source, or an underwater plasma seismic source.

[0010] The ground seismic detector is one of the following: wired or wireless node-type single-component or three-component magnetoelectric detector, piezoelectric detector, accelerometer, or fiber optic detector; the ground seismic detector is deployed in a high-density, wide-azimuth or omnidirectional three-dimensional detector point network pattern; when the ground seismic detector is a wired detector, it is connected to a ground wired seismic data acquisition system.

[0011] The disposable soluble optical cable includes an optical unit (0), a glass fiber reinforcement layer, and an outermost layer of cured resin. The optical unit (0) is one of high-temperature resistant and hydrogen-loss resistant single-mode optical fiber, high-reflection optical fiber, microstructure optical fiber, or weak fiber optical fiber. It is externally extruded with a glass fiber reinforcement layer that is resistant to high temperatures but can gradually dissolve in well fluid. The outermost layer is a cured resin that is resistant to high temperatures but can gradually dissolve in well fluid, which is used to enhance the tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the disposable soluble optical cable.

[0012] The pump head at the end of the disposable soluble optical cable is made of magnesium-aluminum alloy.

[0013] The CCL sensing module is powered by a battery. A photoelectric conversion module is connected to the upper part of the CCL sensing module to transmit the sleeve coupling data measured by the CCL sensing module to the ground through a disposable soluble optical cable.

[0014] The data acquisition method for a well-drilled seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable includes the following steps:

[0015] a. When the well is a vertical or inclined well, the electric winch on the instrument vehicle parked next to the wellhead slowly lowers the disposable soluble optical cable to the bottom of the well or the section to be tested by the gravity of the pump head; when the well is a large inclined well or a horizontal well, the pump head connected to the disposable soluble optical cable is pumped to the bottom of the well by the pump next to the wellhead on the surface; when laying the disposable soluble optical cable in a dry well or a gas producing well, high-temperature resistant silicone grease is applied to the outside of the disposable soluble optical cable so that the disposable soluble optical cable can be adhered to the inner wall of the metal casing or the inner or outer wall of the gas pipe, ensuring that the disposable soluble optical cable has good acoustic or seismic signal coupling conditions downhole;

[0016] b. During the process of laying the disposable soluble optical cable in the well, the ground DAS modem instrument is turned on to monitor the ODTR signal on the disposable soluble optical cable in real time to ensure that the disposable soluble optical cable will not be damaged, the ODTR signal will not suddenly attenuate, or the cable will break during the process of being lowered or pumped to the bottom of the well; at the same time, the CCL sensing module in the pump head continuously transmits the measurement and counting results of the CCL sensing module to the ground through the disposable soluble optical cable.

[0017] c. The ground artificial seismic source is set up around the well point by point in accordance with the construction plan and is excited one by one. The initiation signal of the ground artificial seismic source triggers the ground DAS modulation and demodulation instrument to collect DAS-VSP seismic data of the entire well section excited by the ground artificial seismic source on the disposable soluble optical cable in the well in real time.

[0018] d. If the initiation signal of the ground artificial seismic source cannot synchronously trigger the ground DAS modem, the ground DAS modem will enter the continuous DAS-VSP data acquisition mode. After the acquisition is completed, the DAS-VSP data will be segmented using the time and three-dimensional position coordinates of the GPS or Beidou signal of each ground artificial seismic source point to form shot gather data corresponding to the position of each ground artificial seismic source signal, which will be used for subsequent seismic data processing of well-in-well or well-ground combined acquisition.

[0019] e. By continuously transmitting the measurement and counting results of the CCL sensing module to the ground through the disposable soluble optical cable, the pump head connected to the disposable soluble optical cable is positioned in the well in real time.

[0020] f. When using a ground seismic detector and a disposable soluble optical cable to simultaneously acquire three-dimensional DAS-VSP data from a ground-to-ground or well-to-sea joint source, the ground seismic detector synchronously records the ground three-dimensional seismic data excited by a ground artificial source in real time.

[0021] g. Process the DAS-VSP data collected in step f during well-to-surface or well-to-sea combined seismic mining. By picking the first arrival times of the P-waves and S-waves directly reaching the well from the surface seismic source excitation point to each depth location on the disposable soluble optical cable, the P-wave and S-wave velocities of the subsurface medium can be calculated based on the straight-line distance from the surface seismic source excitation point to each depth location. Through the processing of the three-dimensional DAS-VSP seismic data in the well, the P-wave and S-wave velocities, P-wave and S-wave impedances, P-wave and S-wave anisotropy coefficients, and P-wave and S-wave attenuation of the subsurface medium are obtained. The process involves reducing coefficients, elastic parameters, viscoelastic parameters, seismic attribute data, high-resolution geological structure imaging around the well, acquiring deconvolution operators, performing well-controlled velocity modeling, stratigraphic division, tomography, full waveform inversion imaging, and static correction, high-frequency recovery, multiple elimination, and deconvolution processing on surface seismic data. Based on the optimal velocity model established from the well velocity data, tomography data, and full waveform inversion imaging data, anisotropic migration, Q compensation, or Q migration are then performed to improve the accuracy and quality of well drive processing of surface seismic data.

[0022] h. When no artificial seismic source is used on the ground, a disposable soluble optical cable is used downhole to collect microseismic signals induced during underground hydraulic fracturing in real time. Based on the distribution range and data characteristics of the microseismic events, the effect of hydraulic fracturing reservoir stimulation is evaluated in real time, and the hydraulic fracturing engineering parameters are optimized and adjusted.

[0023] i. When no artificial seismic source is used on the ground, a disposable soluble optical cable in the well can collect temperature data, fluid noise data and microseismic data in real time over a long period of time, and calculate the production fluid profile or water absorption profile, as well as the migration trend of fluid around the well.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The well seismic data acquisition device and method based on disposable soluble optical cables disclosed in this invention, through disposable soluble optical cables deployed inside and outside the casing or tubing in the well and connected to a surface DAS modem, achieves low-cost, high-density acquisition of high-density DAS-VSP data across the entire well section in ultra-deep, ultra-high-temperature wells, excited by a surface artificial seismic source. This significantly reduces downhole operation time and reduces operational risks. The underground DAS-VSP data acquired by the disposable soluble optical cables provides reference data for subsequent interpretation and evaluation of reservoir parameters, interpretation and evaluation of formation hydrocarbons, and high-resolution geological structure imaging around the well. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the layout of the disposable soluble optical cable inside the casing and the ground artificial seismic source for acquiring DAS-VSP data in the well according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disposable soluble optical cable and pump head structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the well-to-ground joint acquisition deployment of the disposable soluble optical cable inside the casing and the ground wired seismic data acquisition system of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the well-to-ground joint acquisition deployment of the disposable soluble optical cable inside the tubing and the ground wired seismic data acquisition system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the well-to-ground joint mining deployment of the disposable soluble optical cable inside the casing and the ground wireless node seismic detector of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the well-to-ground joint mining deployment of the disposable soluble optical cable and the ground wireless node seismic detector inside the tubing of this invention.

[0031] Reference numerals: 1-Ground artificial seismic source; 2-Ground seismic detector; 3-Ground DAS modulator / demodulator; 4-Well; 5-Pump; 6-Disposable soluble optical cable; (6), 7-Extinction device; 8-Pump head; 9-CCL sensor module; 10-Optical unit; 11-Glass fiber reinforcement layer; 12-Curing resin; 13-Battery; 14-Photoelectric conversion module. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To facilitate understanding of the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention by those skilled in the art, the invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The accompanying drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described in this specification. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of this invention. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation of the invention; they are merely examples, and the advantages of the invention will become clearer and easier to understand by illustrating them.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] like Figure 1The schematic diagram of the deployment of a disposable soluble optical cable and a ground-based artificial seismic source for acquiring DAS-VSP data in a well according to the present invention is shown. A well seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable includes a ground-based artificial seismic source 1, a ground-based seismic detector 2, and a ground-based DAS modem 3 installed on the ground. It also includes a disposable soluble optical cable 6 transported in a well 4 by gravity or a pump 5. The first end of the disposable soluble optical cable 6 is connected to the ground-based DAS modem 3, and the second end is connected to an extinction device 7 and a pump head 8 made of a soluble alloy material. The pump head 8 has a built-in CCL sensor module 9 for positioning the downhole pump head 8. The well 4 is a vertical well, an inclined well, or a horizontal well. The pump 5 is an air pump or a water pump.

[0035] The ground-based artificial seismic source 1 is one of the following: a controllable seismic source, an explosive seismic source, a directional gas explosion seismic source, a hammer seismic source, an electric spark seismic source, an underwater air gun seismic source, or an underwater plasma seismic source.

[0036] The ground seismic detector 2 is one of the following: wired or wireless node-type single-component or three-component magnetoelectric detector, piezoelectric detector, accelerometer, or fiber optic detector; the ground seismic detector 2 is deployed in a high-density, wide-azimuth or all-round three-dimensional detector point network mode; when the ground seismic detector 2 is a wired detector, it is connected to the ground wired seismic data acquisition system 21.

[0037] like Figure 2 The disposable soluble optical cable 6 includes an optical unit 10, a glass fiber reinforcement layer 11, and an outermost cured resin 12. The optical unit 10 is one of high-temperature resistant and hydrogen-loss resistant single-mode optical fiber, high-reflection optical fiber, microstructure optical fiber, or weak fiber optical fiber. It is externally extruded with a high-temperature resistant glass fiber reinforcement layer 11 that can gradually dissolve in the well fluid. The outermost layer is a high-temperature resistant cured resin 12 that can gradually dissolve in the well fluid, which is used to enhance the tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the disposable soluble optical cable 6.

[0038] The pump head 8 at the tail end of the disposable soluble optical cable 6 is made of magnesium-aluminum alloy.

[0039] The CCL sensing module 9 is powered by battery 13. A photoelectric conversion module 14 is connected to the upper part of the CCL sensing module 9 to transmit the sleeve coupling data measured by the CCL sensing module 9 to the ground through disposable soluble optical cable 6.

[0040] The data acquisition method for a well-drilled seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable includes the following steps:

[0041] a. When well 4 is a vertical or inclined well, the electric winch on the instrument vehicle parked next to the wellhead slowly lowers the disposable soluble optical cable 6 to the bottom of well 4 or the section to be tested by the gravity of the pump head 8. When well 4 is a large inclined well or a horizontal well, the pump head 8 connected to the disposable soluble optical cable 6 is pumped to the bottom of well 4 by the pump 5 next to the surface wellhead. When laying the disposable soluble optical cable 6 in a dry well or gas producing well, high-temperature resistant silicone grease is applied to the outside of the disposable soluble optical cable 6 so that the disposable soluble optical cable 6 can be pasted on the inner wall of the metal casing or the inner or outer wall of the gas pipe, ensuring that the disposable soluble optical cable 6 has good acoustic or seismic signal coupling conditions downhole.

[0042] b. During the process of laying the disposable soluble optical cable 6 into the well, the ground DAS modem 3 is turned on to monitor the ODTR signal on the disposable soluble optical cable 6 in real time to ensure that the disposable soluble optical cable 6 will not be damaged, the ODTR signal will not suddenly attenuate, or the cable will break during the process of being lowered or pumped to the bottom of the well; at the same time, the CCL sensing module 9 in the pump head 8 continuously transmits the measurement and counting results of the CCL sensing module 9 to the ground through the disposable soluble optical cable 6.

[0043] c. The ground-based artificial seismic source 1 is sequentially activated at each of the seismic source points set up around the well according to the construction plan. The activation signal of the ground-based artificial seismic source 1 triggers the ground-based DAS modulation and demodulation instrument 3 to collect in real time the DAS-VSP seismic data of the entire well section excited by the ground-based artificial seismic source 1 on the disposable soluble optical cable 6 downhole. Figure 1 ;

[0044] d. If the initiation signal of the ground artificial seismic source 1 cannot synchronously trigger the ground DAS modem 3, the ground DAS modem 3 will enter the continuous DAS-VSP data acquisition mode. After the acquisition is completed, the DAS-VSP data will be segmented using the time and three-dimensional position coordinates of the GPS or Beidou signal of each ground artificial seismic source 1 point to form shot gather data corresponding to the signal position of each ground artificial seismic source 1 point, which will be used for subsequent seismic data processing of well-in-well or well-ground combined acquisition.

[0045] e. By continuously transmitting the measurement and counting results of the CCL sensing module 9 to the ground through the disposable soluble optical cable 6, the pump head 8 connected to the disposable soluble optical cable 6 is positioned in the well in real time.

[0046] f. When using the ground seismic detector 2 and the disposable soluble optical cable 6 to simultaneously acquire three-dimensional DAS-VSP data from the ground or from the sea, the ground seismic detector 2 simultaneously records the ground three-dimensional seismic data excited by the ground artificial source 1 in real time.

[0047] g. Process the DAS-VSP data collected in step f during well-to-surface or well-to-sea combined seismic mining. By picking the first arrival times of the P-waves and S-waves directly reaching the well from the surface seismic source excitation point to each depth location on the disposable soluble optical cable 6, the P-wave and S-wave velocities of the subsurface medium can be calculated based on the straight-line distance from the surface seismic source excitation point to each depth location. Through the processing of the three-dimensional DAS-VSP seismic data in the well, the P-wave and S-wave velocities, P-wave and S-wave impedances, P-wave and S-wave anisotropy coefficients, and P-wave and S-wave attenuation of the subsurface medium are obtained. The process involves reducing coefficients, elastic parameters, viscoelastic parameters, seismic attribute data, high-resolution geological structure imaging around the well, acquiring deconvolution operators, performing well-controlled velocity modeling, stratigraphic division, tomography, full waveform inversion imaging, and static correction, high-frequency recovery, multiple elimination, and deconvolution processing on surface seismic data. Based on the optimal velocity model established from the well velocity data, tomography data, and full waveform inversion imaging data, anisotropic migration, Q compensation, or Q migration are then performed to improve the accuracy and quality of well drive processing of surface seismic data.

[0048] h. When the ground artificial seismic source 1 is not used, the downhole disposable soluble optical cable 6 collects microseismic signals induced during underground hydraulic fracturing in real time. Based on the distribution range and data characteristics of microseismic events, the effect of hydraulic fracturing reservoir stimulation is evaluated in real time, and the hydraulic fracturing engineering parameters are optimized and adjusted.

[0049] i. When the ground artificial seismic source 1 is not used, the downhole disposable soluble optical cable 6 collects temperature data, fluid noise data and microseismic data in the production well in real time for a long period of time, and calculates the production fluid profile or water absorption profile, as well as the migration trend of the fluid around the well.

[0050] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are intended to help the reader understand the principles of the invention, and should be understood that the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Various modifications and variations can be made to the invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the invention.

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] like Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the well-to-ground joint acquisition deployment of the disposable soluble optical cable 6 inside the casing and the ground wired seismic data acquisition system 21 of the present invention is shown. The disposable soluble optical cable is deployed inside the casing.

[0053] Example 3:

[0054] like Figure 4The schematic diagram of the well-to-ground joint production deployment of the disposable soluble optical cable 6 and the ground wired seismic data acquisition system 21 in the tubing string of the present invention is shown. The disposable soluble optical cable 6 is deployed in the oil and gas tubing string inside the casing.

[0055] Example 4:

[0056] like Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the well-to-ground joint mining deployment of the disposable soluble optical cable 6 and the ground wireless node seismic detector in the casing of the present invention is shown. The disposable soluble optical cable 6 is deployed inside the casing.

[0057] Example 5:

[0058] like Figure 6 The diagram shows the well-to-ground joint production layout of the disposable soluble optical cable 6 and the ground wireless node seismic detector in the tubing string of this invention. The disposable soluble optical cable 6 is laid in the oil and gas tubing string inside the casing.

Claims

1. A borehole seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable, characterized in that, The system includes a ground-based artificial seismic source (1), a ground-based seismic detector (2), and a ground-based DAS modem (3) installed on the ground. It also includes a disposable soluble optical cable (6) that is transported in the well (4) by gravity or by a pump (5). The first end of the disposable soluble optical cable (6) is connected to the ground-based DAS modem (3), and the last end is connected to an extinction device (7) and a pump head (8) made of soluble alloy material. The pump head (8) has a built-in CCL sensing module (9) for positioning the downhole pump head (8). The well (4) is a vertical well, an inclined well, or a horizontal well. The pump (5) is an air pump or a water pump.

2. The well-drilled seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground artificial seismic source (1) is one of the following: a controllable seismic source, an explosive seismic source, a directional gas explosion seismic source, a hammer seismic source, an electric spark seismic source, an underwater air gun seismic source, or an underwater plasma seismic source.

3. The well-drilled seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground seismic detector (2) is one of the following: wired or wireless node-type single-component or three-component magnetoelectric detector, piezoelectric detector, accelerometer detector, or fiber optic detector; the ground seismic detector (2) is deployed in a high-density, wide-azimuth or all-round three-dimensional detector point network mode; when the ground seismic detector (2) is a wired detector, it is connected to the ground wired seismic data acquisition system (21).

4. The well-drilled seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disposable soluble optical cable (6) includes an optical unit (10), a glass fiber reinforcement layer (11), and an outermost layer of cured resin (12). The optical unit (10) is one of high temperature resistant and hydrogen loss resistant single-mode optical fiber, high reflection optical fiber, microstructure optical fiber, or weak fiber optical fiber. It is externally extruded with a glass fiber reinforcement layer (11) that is resistant to high temperature but can gradually dissolve in well fluid. The outermost layer is a cured resin (12) that is resistant to high temperature but can gradually dissolve in well fluid, which is used to enhance the tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the disposable soluble optical cable (6).

5. The well-drilled seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pump head (8) at the end of the disposable soluble optical cable (6) is made of magnesium-aluminum alloy.

6. The well-drilled seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CCL sensing module (9) is powered by a battery (13). A photoelectric conversion module (14) is connected to the upper part of the CCL sensing module (9) to transmit the sleeve coupling data measured by the CCL sensing module (9) to the ground through a disposable soluble optical cable (6).

7. The acquisition method of the well seismic data acquisition device based on a disposable soluble optical cable according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: a. When well (4) is a vertical or inclined well, the electric winch on the instrument vehicle parked next to the wellhead slowly lowers the disposable soluble optical cable (6) to the bottom of well (4) or the section to be tested by the gravity of the pump head (8) through the gravity of the pump head (8); when well (4) is a large inclined well or a horizontal well, the pump head (8) connected to the disposable soluble optical cable (6) is pumped to the bottom of well (4) through the pump (5) next to the wellhead on the ground; when laying the disposable soluble optical cable (6) in a dry well or gas producing well, high temperature resistant silicone grease is applied to the outside of the disposable soluble optical cable (6) so that the disposable soluble optical cable (6) can be pasted on the inner wall of the metal casing or the inner or outer wall of the gas pipe, ensuring that the disposable soluble optical cable (6) has good acoustic or seismic signal coupling conditions downhole; b. During the process of laying the disposable soluble optical cable (6) into the well, the ground DAS modem (3) is turned on to monitor the ODTR signal on the disposable soluble optical cable (6) in real time to ensure that the disposable soluble optical cable (6) will not be damaged, the ODTR signal will not suddenly attenuate, or the cable will break during the process of laying or pumping to the bottom of the well; at the same time, the CCL sensing module (9) in the pump head (8) continuously transmits the measurement and counting results of the CCL sensing module (9) to the ground through the disposable soluble optical cable (6); c. The ground artificial seismic source (1) is set up around the well in the construction plan and the seismic source points are excited one by one. The seismic signal of the ground artificial seismic source (1) triggers the ground DAS modulation and demodulation instrument (3) to collect the DAS-VSP seismic data of the whole well section excited by the ground artificial seismic source (1) on the disposable soluble optical cable (6) in the well in real time. d. If the initiation signal of the ground artificial source (1) cannot synchronously trigger the ground DAS modulator (3), the ground DAS modulator (3) will enter the continuous DAS-VSP data acquisition mode. After the acquisition is completed, the DAS-VSP data will be segmented using the time and three-dimensional position coordinates of the GPS or Beidou signal of each ground artificial source (1) point to form shot gather data corresponding to the signal position of each ground artificial source (1), which will be used for subsequent well-in-well or well-ground joint acquisition seismic data processing. e. By continuously transmitting the measurement and counting results of the CCL sensing module (9) to the ground through the disposable soluble optical cable (6), the pump head (8) connected to the disposable soluble optical cable (6) is positioned in the well in real time. f. When using a ground seismic detector (2) and a disposable soluble optical cable (6) to simultaneously acquire three-dimensional DAS-VSP data from a ground-to-ground or well-to-sea joint operation, the ground seismic detector (2) simultaneously records the ground three-dimensional seismic data excited by the ground artificial source (1) in real time. g. Process the DAS-VSP data collected in the well-ground or well-sea combined mining in step f. By picking the first arrival times of the P-waves and S-waves of the seismic waves directly reaching the well from the ground source excitation point to each depth position on the disposable optical cable (6), the P-wave and S-wave velocities of the subsurface medium can be calculated based on the straight-line distance from the ground source excitation point to each depth position. Through the processing of the three-dimensional DAS-VSP seismic data in the well, the P-wave and S-wave velocities, P-wave and S-wave impedances, P-wave and S-wave anisotropy coefficients, and P-wave and S-wave impedances of the subsurface medium are obtained. Attenuation coefficient, elastic parameters, viscoelastic parameters, seismic attribute data, high-resolution geological structure imaging around the well, acquisition of deconvolution operators, well-controlled velocity modeling, stratigraphic division, tomography, full waveform inversion imaging, and static correction, high-frequency recovery, multiple elimination, and deconvolution processing of surface seismic data; the optimal velocity model is established based on well velocity data, tomography data, and full waveform inversion imaging data, and then anisotropic migration, Q compensation, or Q migration is performed to improve the accuracy and quality of well drive processing of surface seismic data; h. When no ground artificial seismic source (1) is used, the downhole disposable soluble optical cable (6) collects microseismic signals induced during underground hydraulic fracturing in real time. Based on the distribution range and data characteristics of microseismic events, the hydraulic fracturing reservoir stimulation effect is evaluated in real time, and the hydraulic fracturing engineering parameters are optimized and adjusted. i. When no ground artificial seismic source (1) is used, the downhole disposable soluble optical cable (6) collects temperature data, fluid noise data and microseismic data in the production well in real time for a long time, and calculates the production fluid profile or water absorption profile, as well as the migration trend of fluid around the well.

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