Discharge control method, apparatus, and medium

Abstract

The application provides a discharge control method, device and medium, and relates to battery management technology; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the residual capacity of each battery unit in a battery pack; the battery pack comprises at least two battery units with different rated capacities; according to the residual capacity, performing discharge control on the battery pack, and minimizing the energy exchange amount between the battery units. Through the application, the battery endurance effect can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to battery management technology, and more particularly to a discharge control method, device and medium. Background Technology

[0002] Since individual power battery cells have low voltage and limited energy capacity, they cannot directly meet the operating voltage and output current requirements of electrical loads. Therefore, the industry generally combines multiple power battery cells into groups through series and parallel connection to build a complete battery system.

[0003] Currently, known technologies typically balance energy and power performance by adjusting cell design parameters. Furthermore, corresponding control schemes have been proposed for multi-pack systems: for example, distributing output power based on the voltage of the two battery packs to suppress parallel circulating current; and improving battery polarization through mutual discharge (i.e., reverse discharge) between battery packs.

[0004] However, when the above method is applied to multi-cell battery systems with different rated capacities, it suffers from low energy utilization, resulting in poor battery life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a discharge control method, device, and medium to improve battery life.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a discharge control method, the method comprising:

[0007] Obtain the remaining capacity of each battery cell in the battery pack; the battery pack includes at least two battery cells with different rated capacities;

[0008] Based on the remaining capacity, discharge control is performed on the battery pack to minimize the energy exchange between the battery cells.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the battery pack includes a first battery cell and a second battery cell; the step of performing discharge control on the battery pack based on the remaining capacity and minimizing the energy transfer between the battery cells includes:

[0010] Calculate the difference in remaining capacity between the first battery cell and the second battery cell;

[0011] When the absolute value of the remaining capacity difference is not greater than a preset difference threshold, the battery pack is controlled to discharge together.

[0012] When the remaining capacity difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, the first battery cell is controlled to discharge individually; the rated capacity of the first battery cell is greater than the rated capacity of the second battery cell.

[0013] In one possible implementation, controlling the individual discharge of the first battery cell includes:

[0014] Obtain the discharge current of the second battery cell;

[0015] Based on the difference between the discharge current and the target current, the duty cycle of the corresponding switch is adjusted to control the discharge current of the second battery cell to be the target current.

[0016] In one possible implementation, after the first battery cell has discharged individually, the method further includes:

[0017] When the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is less than the remaining capacity of the second battery cell, if the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is not lower than a preset capacity threshold, the battery pack is controlled to discharge together.

[0018] If the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is lower than the preset capacity threshold, the second battery cell is controlled to discharge alone and exchange energy with the first battery cell until the absolute value of the difference between the remaining capacity of the first battery cell and the second battery cell is less than the preset difference threshold, at which point the battery pack is controlled to discharge together.

[0019] In one possible implementation, controlling the individual discharge of the second battery cell includes:

[0020] Based on the hardware discharge capability of the second battery cell and the battery operating conditions, a preset current threshold is determined;

[0021] The second battery cell is controlled to discharge individually at the preset current threshold.

[0022] In one possible implementation, during the individual discharge of the second battery cell, the method further includes:

[0023] If the external load demand suddenly increases, the energy switching will be stopped and the battery pack will be controlled to discharge together.

[0024] If the discharge current of any battery cell reaches a preset current, the energy switching is stopped and the battery pack is switched to discharge together; the preset current is determined based on a limit current.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the method further includes:

[0026] Based on vehicle driving conditions, accelerator pedal change rate, road condition information, and historical driving habit data, the sudden increase trend of external load can be predicted in advance.

[0027] Based on the surge trend, determine the target time when the load demand is about to surge, and when the target time is reached, determine that the external load demand is about to surge.

[0028] In one possible implementation, when the battery pack comprises N battery cells, where N is not less than 3, controlling the battery pack to discharge based on the remaining capacity and minimizing the energy transfer between the battery cells includes:

[0029] The N battery cells are paired up to obtain battery cell pairs;

[0030] For each battery cell pair, discharge control is performed on the battery pack based on the difference in remaining capacity between the first and second battery cells and a preset difference threshold, so as to minimize the energy exchange between the battery cells.

[0031] Secondly, this application provides a discharge control device, the device comprising:

[0032] An acquisition module is used to acquire the remaining capacity of each battery cell in the battery pack; the battery pack includes at least two battery cells with different rated capacities.

[0033] The control module is used to perform discharge control on the battery pack according to the remaining capacity and to minimize the energy exchange between the battery cells.

[0034] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor;

[0035] The memory stores computer-executed instructions;

[0036] The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory to implement the method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0037] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0038] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0039] This application provides a discharge control method, apparatus, and medium. Specifically, for a battery pack comprising at least two battery cells with different rated capacities, the method proposes to obtain the remaining capacity of each battery cell within the battery pack, perform discharge control on the battery pack based on the remaining capacity, and minimize the energy exchange between battery cells. In this application, by dynamically matching the discharge mode according to the difference in remaining capacity of each battery cell, ineffective mutual energy exchange between battery cells with different rated capacities is actively suppressed, reducing unnecessary energy loss within the battery pack, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate and thus contributing to extending the driving range of the power battery system. Attached Figure Description

[0040] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of a discharge control method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a discharge control method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ;

[0043] Figure 3 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a discharge control method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a discharge control method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 ;

[0045] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a discharge control device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0047] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0048] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0049] In the electric vehicle sector, the voltage of a single power battery (such as a lithium-ion battery) is typically only 3-4V, and the energy of a single cell is relatively small, which cannot directly meet the high voltage and high energy requirements of the entire vehicle. Therefore, multiple individual cells are usually connected in series to form a battery pack. However, with the increasing demands for driving range and power performance in electric vehicles, there is a trade-off between energy density and power density in battery packs based on a single chemical system.

[0050] For example, high-energy-density batteries (such as ternary lithium batteries) are suitable for long driving ranges but have lower power density; while high-power-density batteries (such as lithium iron phosphate batteries) are suitable for rapid acceleration but have insufficient energy density. Furthermore, during long-term use, different battery packs experience different rates of degradation, leading to a gradual increase in capacity differences. Directly discharging them in series may result in incomplete depletion of the entire pack due to capacity mismatch. Therefore, how to coordinate the discharge behavior of different battery packs through intelligent control strategies to maximize the overall energy utilization efficiency has become a key technical issue for improving the driving range and system reliability of electric vehicles.

[0051] Currently, known technologies typically attempt to balance energy performance and power performance by optimizing cell design parameters. Meanwhile, corresponding control strategies have been proposed for multi-pack systems: for example, real-time voltage distribution of output power based on dual-packs to suppress circulating currents generated during parallel operation; and improving charge / discharge performance by using mutual power switching between battery packs to mitigate battery polarization.

[0052] However, when the above methods are applied to multi-cell battery systems with different rated capacities, they generally suffer from low energy utilization, resulting in a loss of usable energy in the battery system and consequently a poor overall battery life.

[0053] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide a discharge control method, apparatus, and medium to solve the above-mentioned problems. Specifically, the method of this application proposes that for a battery pack including at least two battery cells with different rated capacities, when performing discharge control, firstly, the remaining capacity of each battery cell in the battery pack is obtained, and then discharge control is performed on the battery pack according to each remaining capacity, so as to minimize the energy exchange between the battery cells.

[0054] It is understood that the discharge control method of this application is applicable to any battery discharge scenario. For example, as described above, the method of this application can be used in the battery discharge scenario of electric vehicles. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario of a discharge control method provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method of this application is executed by the battery manager of the electric vehicle.

[0055] During the operation of an electric vehicle, if the battery system uses battery cells with different rated capacities, the discharge rate and capacity decay rate of each battery cell cannot be naturally synchronized during discharge. The difference in remaining capacity will continuously change dynamically, easily leading to frequent and disordered energy swapping between battery cells. This type of internal power swapping behavior is an ineffective energy consumption that does not generate external work. It not only causes unnecessary loss of battery power and significantly reduces the energy utilization rate of the battery system, but also exacerbates battery operating condition fluctuations, ultimately seriously affecting the vehicle's continuous discharge capability and actual driving range.

[0056] Based on the method of this application, the battery manager collects the remaining capacity status of each battery cell with different rated capacity in the battery pack in real time. Using the real-time remaining capacity of each battery cell as the control basis, the discharge cooperation logic of each battery cell is dynamically coordinated. Through refined discharge strategy regulation, the ineffective energy switching behavior between multiple battery cells is constrained and minimized as a whole.

[0057] In the above process, since a fixed and uniform discharge control method is no longer used, but the optimal discharge mode is adapted according to the real-time power status of each battery cell, the internal redundant energy interaction caused by asynchronous discharge of battery cells of different capacities is suppressed from the root, effectively reducing the ineffective power loss inside the battery system, maximizing the use of effective power to supply external power, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate of the battery system, effectively improving the discharge energy efficiency of multi-cell mixed battery systems, and ultimately helping to extend the driving range of the whole vehicle.

[0058] It should be understood that, in the above process, the executing entity of the method of this application can also be a control unit with computing and control capabilities, such as a vehicle controller or a cloud server, and this embodiment does not limit this. Furthermore, the application scenario of the method of this application can also be the discharge scenario of battery systems with different cell capacities, such as large-scale energy storage power supplies, power supply systems for new energy engineering machinery, and mobile energy storage devices, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0059] The following detailed description, with reference to the accompanying drawings and using any electronic device as the executing entity, outlines some embodiments of the discharge control method of this application. Where the embodiments do not conflict, the following embodiments and features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0060] This application provides a discharge control method. Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating a discharge control method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ,like Figure 2 As shown, the method in this application embodiment includes:

[0061] S201. Obtain the remaining capacity of each battery cell in the battery pack.

[0062] The battery pack includes at least two battery cells with different rated capacities.

[0063] It should be understood that a battery cell is an independent power supply unit that constitutes a battery pack. Each battery cell has the ability to discharge independently, and multiple battery cells are integrated according to electrical connection rules to form a complete battery pack (i.e., the aforementioned battery system), which together provide stable power to external loads. The battery pack of this application integrates multiple battery cells with different rated capacity parameters. The operating state of each battery cell is independent and can be controlled to switch between individual discharge or combined discharge modes.

[0064] In this embodiment, the electronic device first acquires the electrochemical data of each battery cell and the directly acquired initial remaining capacity. Then, it corrects the initial remaining capacity based on the electrochemical data to obtain the remaining capacity of each battery cell. The electrochemical data includes at least one of voltage, temperature, and capacity-voltage relationship during historical discharge processes.

[0065] Specifically, the electronic device collects real-time electrochemical parameters such as voltage and operating temperature of each battery cell in real time through the sampling and acquisition module built into the battery management system. At the same time, it directly reads the raw data of the initial remaining capacity output by each battery cell in real time in conjunction with the power acquisition module.

[0066] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the electronic device corrects the power calculation deviation caused by polarization based on the real-time collected cell voltage, retrieves the built-in temperature compensation calibration table for numerical correction based on the collected operating temperature, and retrieves the capacity and voltage corresponding data of the historical discharge stage stored locally, compares it with the current discharge state, and performs deviation calibration on the initial remaining capacity. Through item-by-item compensation and correction of multi-dimensional physical parameters, detection errors caused by environment and cell operating conditions are eliminated, and the true and accurate remaining capacity of each battery cell is obtained.

[0067] In practical applications, electrochemical data and initial remaining capacity can also be obtained through vehicle CAN bus, distributed acquisition terminals, etc. Data calibration can also be completed by conventional correction methods such as empirical calibration lookup table and SOC estimation model. This application does not limit this.

[0068] In addition, in practical applications, the initial remaining capacity collected in real time can be directly used for logical judgment, omitting the data correction step and simplifying the control logic. This application does not limit this.

[0069] In this embodiment, the remaining capacity is corrected based on multi-dimensional electrochemical data, which can effectively reduce the power detection error under complex operating conditions, ensure the accuracy and reliability of the remaining capacity detection results of each battery cell, and provide an accurate data basis for subsequent precise adjustment of discharge strategy based on capacity differences and minimization of energy exchange between battery cells.

[0070] S202. Based on the remaining capacity, perform discharge control on the battery pack and minimize the energy exchange between battery cells.

[0071] In this embodiment, by comparing the remaining capacity difference of each battery cell in real time, the discharge coordination mode with smaller capacity deviation is selected first, and the operation mode of synchronous and coordinated discharge of multiple battery cells is preferred. Only in necessary scenarios where the remaining capacity difference of battery cells is too large and balanced discharge cannot be maintained, a small amount of cross-cell energy complementary adjustment is performed. Unnecessary internal power interaction behavior is strictly limited. From the control strategy level, the mutual energy replenishment and reverse power transmission behavior between battery cells is reduced, thereby reducing and minimizing the total amount of energy switching inside the battery pack.

[0072] It should be understood that energy switching refers to the internal electrical energy flow behavior of mutual power transfer and replenishment between different battery cells within a battery pack.

[0073] In this embodiment, the battery pack includes N battery cells. When N is 2, the two battery cells in the battery pack are designated as the first battery cell and the second battery cell. During discharge control, the electronic device first calculates the difference in remaining capacity between the first and second battery cells. Then, if the absolute value of the remaining capacity difference is not greater than a preset difference threshold, the battery pack is controlled to discharge together; if the remaining capacity difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, the first battery cell is controlled to discharge individually. The rated capacity of the first battery cell is greater than the rated capacity of the second battery cell.

[0074] Specifically, the electronic device obtains the difference between the remaining capacities of the first and second battery units through a difference operation based on the currently acquired remaining capacities. When the absolute value of the remaining capacity difference is not greater than a preset difference threshold (at which point it may be that the remaining capacity of the first battery unit is greater than the remaining capacity of the second battery unit, or the remaining capacity of the second battery unit is greater than the remaining capacity of the first battery unit), the electronic device controls the battery pack to discharge together. When the remaining capacity difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, it can be determined that the remaining capacity of the first battery unit is larger, so the electronic device controls the first battery unit to discharge alone.

[0075] The preset difference threshold is used to determine the balance of power between the two battery cells. Setting it to a small value ensures that they are only allowed to work together when the remaining capacity of each battery cell is basically close, thus avoiding frequent triggering of unbalanced regulation under small capacity deviations and reducing internal energy switching caused by power imbalance from the source. In this embodiment, the preset difference threshold is set to 1Ah.

[0076] In practical applications, a preset difference threshold can also be determined based on at least one of the following: the voltage fluctuation level of each battery cell, the temperature deviation range, and the confidence level of capacity estimation. This application does not limit this. For example, the difference threshold can be appropriately lowered and the equalization judgment conditions tightened, taking into account the cell capacity decay characteristics under high-temperature conditions; the threshold can be appropriately relaxed under low-temperature high-load conditions to ensure the stability of discharge operation.

[0077] More specifically, each battery cell within the battery pack is equipped with an independent controllable switch and discharge branch. Each discharge branch is connected in parallel to the downstream load bus. By adjusting the switching on / off state and duty cycle of the switch, the on / off state and output current of each individual battery cell are independently controlled. Furthermore, the electronic equipment synchronously maintains the switching on of all corresponding battery cells and matches their output parameters, enabling both battery cells to output power synchronously, thus achieving joint discharge of the battery pack. The electronic equipment acquires the discharge current of the second battery cell and, based on the difference between the discharge current and the target current, adjusts the duty cycle of the corresponding switch to control the discharge current of the second battery cell to the target current.

[0078] The discharge current can be collected and uploaded in real time through the current sampling resistor and Hall current sensor connected in series on the discharge branch; the target current is the theoretical output current that the second battery unit needs to maintain. Under the control logic that requires single-pack discharge, the target current is preset to 0 and used as the reference value for current closed-loop regulation.

[0079] In this embodiment, the electronic device calculates the difference between the discharge current and 0, and converts it into the duty cycle required to adjust the corresponding switch tube through proportional-integral calculation, thereby making the discharge current of the second battery cell 0, that is, realizing the discharge of the first battery cell alone.

[0080] As an example, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of a discharge control method provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 3 This illustrates a possible battery pack topology with two battery cells, such as... Figure 3As shown, it includes two battery cells (Pack1 and Pack2), four power switches (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4), two controllable switches (K1 and K2), three boost inductors (Boost1, Boost2, and Boost3), and a support capacitor C and a load R on the DC bus side. The connections and operating logic of each device are as follows:

[0081] The first battery unit Pack1 and the second battery unit Pack2 serve as the two main power supply components of the battery pack. Switches Q1 and Q3 form the upper and lower bridge arms of the first battery unit Pack1 branch, and Q2 and Q4 form the upper and lower bridge arms of the second battery unit Pack2 branch. By controlling the on / off state and duty cycle of each switch, the current output of the first battery unit Pack1 and the second battery unit Pack2 can be independently controlled.

[0082] Boost3 is the common inductor between the first battery unit Pack1 and the DC bus. Boost1 and Boost2 are optional auxiliary inductors between the first battery unit Pack1, the second battery unit Pack2 and the bus, respectively. K1 is the switch for the Boost1 branch and K2 is the switch for the Boost2 branch, used to control the connection or disconnection of the auxiliary inductors. Capacitor C is the DC bus support capacitor, which together with the load forms the back-end power supply circuit.

[0083] Based on the above battery pack, under the combined discharge condition, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are all in a controlled conduction state. Pack1 supplies power to the bus through Boost3, and Pack2 supplies power to the bus through Q2, Q4, and Boost3. At the same time, K1 and K2 can be closed to connect to Boost1 and Boost2 for auxiliary voltage boosting as needed. The two battery units work together to provide power to the load on the bus side, realizing combined discharge.

[0084] When it is necessary to control the discharge of the first battery unit Pack1 alone, the current output circuit of Pack2 is turned off by adjusting the duty cycle of Q2 and Q4, so that the current of Pack2 branch is zero. At this time, only Q1 and Q3 of Pack1 branch remain controlled to conduct, and Pack1 supplies power to the bus alone through Boost3 to realize independent discharge of Pack1. At the same time, the output voltage can be adjusted by connecting Boost1 through K1 to ensure stable power supply.

[0085] In practical applications, the discharge circuit of a designated battery cell can also be shut off by hardware methods such as relay hard cut-off or branch contactor on / off control, so as to realize the discharge of the first battery cell alone or the discharge of the battery pack together. This application does not limit this.

[0086] In this embodiment, current closed-loop control is achieved by adjusting the duty cycle of the switching transistor corresponding to the second battery cell. This allows the discharge current of the second battery cell to be continuously and smoothly adjusted to zero without relying on the hard cut-off action of a mechanical switch. The action response is fast and the current control accuracy is high, while avoiding voltage spikes and device impacts caused by hard switching. In addition, this method only uses the digital control of existing power switching transistors to achieve branch shutdown, without the need for additional hardware components. The control logic is simple, the cost is low, and it is suitable for the multi-condition discharge control requirements of battery packs.

[0087] As a further design feature, after the first battery cell discharges individually, the electronic device continuously monitors the remaining capacity of each battery cell. When the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is less than that of the second battery cell, the device determines the discharge mode based on the remaining capacity of the first battery cell and a preset capacity threshold. Specifically, if the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is not lower than the preset capacity threshold, the battery pack is controlled to discharge together; if the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is lower than the preset capacity threshold, the second battery cell is controlled to discharge individually and transfer energy to the first battery cell until the absolute value of the difference between the remaining capacities of the first and second battery cells is less than a preset difference threshold, at which point the battery pack is controlled to discharge together.

[0088] Specifically, the preset capacity threshold is the minimum nominal capacity of each battery cell in the battery pack. It is used to determine whether the remaining capacity of the first battery cell with a larger rated capacity has entered the low power range. This serves as the criterion for whether to switch the discharge mode and introduce energy switching. In this embodiment, the preset capacity threshold is 50Ah.

[0089] It should be understood that by setting the minimum nominal capacity of each battery cell as the preset capacity threshold, it can be ensured that the first battery cell can continue to discharge independently when it has sufficient power and redundant discharge capacity. Only when its remaining capacity drops to a low power range that matches the nominal capacity of the second battery cell will the cross-cell energy switching process be initiated, avoiding unnecessary internal power interaction and thus keeping the amount of energy switching within a minimum range.

[0090] In this embodiment, if the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is still not lower than a preset capacity threshold, the battery pack is controlled to discharge together. Only when the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is lower than the preset capacity threshold is the mode switched to controlling the second battery cell to discharge alone. At the same time, the second battery cell is made to exchange energy with the first battery cell. That is, while controlling the second battery cell to supply power to the outside, some electrical energy is reversed to the first battery cell through the branch topology to replenish the first battery cell and reduce the difference in remaining capacity between the two battery cells. After entering this mode, the electronic device also continuously monitors the remaining capacity of each battery cell, calculates the difference in remaining capacity, and switches to the mode of joint discharge of the battery pack when the absolute value of the difference in remaining capacity between the two battery cells is less than a preset difference threshold.

[0091] More specifically, in combination Figure 3 The battery pack shown in the diagram uses electronic devices to keep the Q2 and Q4 switches of the second battery unit Pack2 branch on, allowing the second battery unit Pack2 to supply power to the bus-side load independently through Boost3. At the same time, switch K1 is closed to connect to the Boost1 branch. By controlling the duty cycle of the Q1 and Q3 switches of the first battery unit Pack1 branch, a portion of the electrical energy output from the second battery unit Pack2 is reversed and transmitted to the first battery unit Pack1 through the Boost1 branch to replenish its power. This achieves the control logic of the second battery unit discharging independently and exchanging energy with the first battery unit.

[0092] The electronic device determines a preset current threshold based on the hardware discharge capability of the second battery cell and the battery operating conditions, and controls the second battery cell to discharge individually at the preset current threshold.

[0093] In this embodiment, the hardware discharge capability is the maximum continuous discharge current of the second battery cell, the upper limit of the rated current of the switching device, and the saturation current of the Boost inductor; the battery operating conditions include the operating temperature of the second battery cell, the single cell voltage, and the current health status; based on this, the preset current threshold is determined by taking the minimum value among the maximum continuous discharge current of the second battery cell, the rated current of the switching device, and the saturation current of the inductor, and then combining the operating temperature and voltage status to introduce an operating condition correction coefficient for compensation, so as to finally obtain a safe and stable preset current threshold.

[0094] In this embodiment, the electronic device collects the output current of the second battery unit Pack2 branch in real time through the current sampling module, compares the difference with the preset current threshold, and adjusts the duty cycle of the Q2 and Q4 switches through proportional-integral closed-loop control to dynamically adjust the output current of the second battery unit Pack2, so that it is stably maintained near the preset current threshold, thereby realizing the control of independent discharge at the preset current threshold.

[0095] It should be understood that when the first battery cell discharges alone, its discharge current is also collected in real time by the current sampling module, and the output current is matched with the load demand or the preset discharge current target value by adjusting the duty cycle of the Q1 and Q3 switches in the Pack1 branch of the first battery cell. The control method is the same as when the second battery cell discharges alone.

[0096] In practical applications, the aforementioned preset capacity threshold can also be dynamically adjusted according to the actual usage scenario of the battery pack, load requirements, or battery aging status; the preset current threshold can also be dynamically corrected according to the load surge prediction results, or a fixed calibration value can be directly adopted, and this application does not limit either of these.

[0097] In this embodiment, by combining the hardware discharge capability of the second battery cell with the battery operating conditions to determine the preset current threshold, the output current of the second battery cell can always be controlled within the rated range of the device and the safe operating range of the cell, avoiding abnormal conditions such as overcurrent and overheating, effectively protecting the battery cell and power devices, and improving the safety and reliability of system operation. At the same time, closed-loop regulation with the preset current threshold as the target can ensure that the current output of the second battery cell is stable and controllable during the discharge process alone, avoiding the impact of large current fluctuations on the load and back-end circuits, providing a stable current basis for energy switching and load power supply, and taking into account both discharge efficiency and system stability.

[0098] It should be understood that, in this embodiment, a hierarchical and progressive three-stage discharge mode switching logic is formed based on the difference in remaining capacity of the two battery cells and the remaining capacity margin of the large-capacity battery. Figure 4 A flowchart illustrating a discharge control method provided in this application embodiment. Figure 2 ,like Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device first determines whether the absolute value of the difference in remaining capacity between the first battery cell and the second battery cell is not greater than a preset difference threshold. If so, it determines that the two battery cells are in a balanced state and enters a dual-pack joint discharge mode, controlling the battery pack to discharge together. The two batteries supply power to the outside synchronously, and there is no active or passive internal energy switching, reducing ineffective losses from the source. If not, it enters a state where the large-capacity first battery cell discharges alone, and only the first battery cell supplies power to the load independently, avoiding the synchronous discharge of the small-capacity second battery cell from further amplifying the capacity difference between the two, thus avoiding unnecessary cross-cell energy switching behavior from the control source.

[0099] Furthermore, when the first battery cell continues to discharge independently until its remaining capacity is less than that of the second battery cell, a second determination is made based on the relationship between the remaining capacity of the first battery cell and a preset capacity threshold: if the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is lower than the preset capacity threshold, it indicates that the large-capacity battery has insufficient remaining power and its ability to continuously discharge independently is limited. In this case, the system switches to a working mode where the second battery cell discharges independently and then directly exchanges energy with the first battery cell. While continuously meeting the power supply requirements of the external load, the system uses a small current and controllable limited energy interaction to reduce the capacity difference between the two battery cells. If the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is not lower than the preset capacity threshold, the system switches to a battery pack joint discharge mode. This mode relies on the coordinated discharge of the two cells to stably consume power, avoids premature energy exchange operations, and strictly controls the total amount of power exchanged.

[0100] In the above process, by using the remaining capacity difference and the preset capacity threshold as a basis, the modes of joint discharge, first battery cell discharge alone, and second battery cell discharge alone are switched at different times. The joint discharge mode without energy switching or the large-capacity battery discharge mode is given priority. Cross-cell energy switching is only initiated when necessary. Overall, the ineffective energy interaction between battery cells is effectively reduced, the internal power switching loss is reduced, the energy utilization rate of the battery system is improved, and the driving range of the battery pack is effectively extended.

[0101] In practical applications, the discharge switching logic described above, which uses the remaining capacity difference and the preset capacity threshold for two-level determination, can be replaced by other schemes that can minimize energy switching. For example, a multi-objective optimization model can be constructed with the internal energy switching amount as the optimization objective and the battery cell discharge current, output power and capacity deviation as constraints. By solving the optimal discharge allocation coefficient in real time, the discharge power of each battery cell can be dynamically allocated, and cross-cell energy interaction can be globally constrained and suppressed from the model calculation level. This application does not limit this.

[0102] As an example, in practical applications, the long-term historical operating data stored locally in the battery pack can be relied upon, combined with the real-time collected parameters of the state of charge, remaining capacity ratio, and remaining available discharge time of each battery cell, to calculate the difference in state of charge, capacity ratio deviation, and discharge time difference between any two battery cells. By integrating multi-dimensional deviation indicators to construct a comprehensive evaluation factor, and setting corresponding graded judgment intervals, the joint discharge, independent discharge of a single battery cell, and controllable energy replenishment and switching modes can be adaptively switched according to the interval in which the comprehensive evaluation factor is located. This can also continuously reduce unnecessary energy switching behavior under various complex operating conditions and stably achieve the control objective of minimizing the amount of energy switching.

[0103] As a further optimized design, during the individual discharge of the second battery cell, the electronic equipment continuously monitors the external load demand. If the external load demand suddenly increases, the energy switching is stopped, and the battery pack is controlled to discharge together. If the discharge current of any battery cell reaches a preset current, the energy switching is stopped, and the battery pack is switched to discharge together. The preset current is determined based on a limit current.

[0104] Specifically, external load demand refers to the real-time power supply and operating current required by the backend electrical equipment. Figure 3 The power demand of the load connected to the DC bus in the topology is the external load that the battery pack needs to match in real time. The electronic equipment collects the bus output voltage and the total load current in real time through the bus voltage sampling circuit and the load-side current acquisition sensor. The real-time load power is obtained by combining the voltage and current calculations, thereby quantitatively representing the external load demand.

[0105] It should be understood that a sudden increase in load demand refers to a rapid rise in real-time load power or load current within a short period of time, and the increase exceeds a preset percentage threshold. For example, if the instantaneous load demand increases by more than 30% compared to the average load demand in the previous sampling period, it is determined to be a sudden increase in load demand.

[0106] In practical applications, load demand can also be indirectly determined by obtaining signals such as load operating level and number of electrical devices turned on through vehicle bus interaction. As for the definition of sudden increase in load demand, in addition to using proportional increase determination, fixed power threshold and current threshold can also be set directly. When the real-time load parameters exceed the fixed threshold, it is determined to be a sudden increase. This application does not limit this.

[0107] In this embodiment, when the electronic device detects a sudden increase in external load demand, it immediately stops the second battery cell from discharging, thereby halting energy switching and external discharge, and switching to combined battery pack discharge. Specifically, for Figure 3 As shown in the battery pack, the electronic equipment gradually releases the current limiting control of the second battery cell's individual discharge and the energy switching logic of the first battery cell. Simultaneously, it adjusts the duty cycles of the switches Q1 and Q3 in the first battery cell's individual Pack1 branch and Q2 and Q4 in the second battery cell's individual Pack2 branch, closes the power circuits of each branch, and shuts off the auxiliary branch used for energy switching. This allows the first and second battery cells to simultaneously connect to the bus and work together to output power, quickly switching to a dual-battery cell joint discharge mode to increase the overall output power in response to high-power load demands.

[0108] In this embodiment, during the discharge control process, the electronic device continuously monitors the discharge current of each battery cell, and when the discharge current reaches the preset current, it also stops the second battery cell from charging the first battery cell and discharging to the outside, and switches to joint discharge of the battery pack.

[0109] The preset current is determined based on the limit current, which is the maximum safe operating current specified at the factory for each battery cell, branch power switch, boost inductor, and other power devices. It is also determined in conjunction with the overcurrent protection threshold of a single battery cell, representing the upper limit of current for long-term reliable operation of the devices and cells. The preset current is a protection threshold, set to a fixed value that is consistently lower than the limit current. For example, the preset current is 5A to 10A lower than the limit current, providing a safety margin to prevent the operating current from approaching the limit value, which could lead to overheating of devices or accelerated aging of the cells.

[0110] In this embodiment, under the constrained operating condition of the second battery cell discharging alone and accompanied by energy switching, by real-time monitoring of load fluctuations and branch discharge current, the energy switching is terminated and switched to a combined discharge mode in a timely manner when the load suddenly increases or the current approaches the safety limit. On the one hand, this can quickly improve the overall output capacity of the battery pack, meet the power demand of instantaneous high-power loads, and avoid abnormal equipment operation caused by insufficient power supply. On the other hand, it can strictly constrain the current of each branch within the safe range, prevent the single battery cell from operating at high current for a long time, avoid the risk of overcurrent damage, and at the same time take into account the power supply stability and battery system safety under extreme operating conditions, achieving a balance between constrained energy replenishment and extreme protection.

[0111] As a preferred example, the electronic device predicts the changing trend of external load based on vehicle driving conditions, accelerator pedal change rate, road condition information and historical driving habit data; based on the changing trend, it determines the target time when the load demand will surge, and when the target time is reached, it determines that the external load demand will surge.

[0112] Specifically, vehicle operating conditions include constant speed driving, uphill driving, acceleration driving, and low-speed congestion, which can be comprehensively identified by collecting vehicle speed signals, gear signals, and running time through the vehicle controller; the accelerator pedal change rate reflects the driver's power output demand, which is collected in real time by the vehicle pedal position sensor and calculated by the change in pedal opening per unit time; road condition information includes parameters such as slope gradient and road resistance level, which can be obtained by relying on on-board slope sensors and navigation road condition data collection; historical driving habit data includes long-term acceleration frequency, power demand range, load fluctuation patterns, etc., which are stored in the vehicle's local control memory and can be directly read and accessed by the battery manager.

[0113] Furthermore, the real-time collected accelerator pedal change rate, current driving conditions, and road resistance parameters are used as real-time inputs. Combined with locally stored historical driving habit data, big data fitting analysis is performed to obtain a load power change curve within a short period, thereby predicting the upward or downward trend of external load. Combined with the calibrated load surge judgment conditions, when the slope of the change curve is continuously positive and approaches the surge threshold, the target moment when the load demand is about to increase significantly is calculated in advance, thus completing the advance prediction.

[0114] In practical applications, changes in driving conditions can be predicted using vehicle-mounted radar and visual perception devices to supplement the basis for load prediction; the load change trend can also be calculated using various methods such as linear fitting and time-series prediction algorithms; the target time of sudden load increase can also be corrected and determined based on the dynamic prediction duration matched with different working conditions, but this application does not limit this.

[0115] In addition, in practical applications, the prediction logic can be simplified by selecting only a single-dimensional parameter such as the accelerator pedal change rate or road condition information as the prediction basis, thereby reducing the computational load on the controller and adapting to low-cost control schemes. This application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0116] In this embodiment, by predicting the changing trend of external load demand in advance and anticipating the moment of sudden load increase, the discharge mode can be switched in advance without waiting for the load to become overloaded and passively adjusted. This effectively eliminates the response delay of mode switching and ensures continuous and uninterrupted power output. At the same time, it can terminate the inefficient energy switching process in advance, avoid the additional losses and current pressure caused by forced power switching under high load conditions, further optimize the energy utilization efficiency under all operating conditions, and continuously ensure the core control effect of minimizing the amount of battery pack energy switching.

[0117] In this embodiment, when N is not less than 3, the electronic device pairs N battery cells together to obtain battery cell pairs; for each battery cell pair, discharge control is performed on the battery pack based on the difference in remaining capacity between the first battery cell and the second battery cell and a preset difference threshold, and the energy exchange between each battery cell is minimized.

[0118] One possible implementation involves first sorting all battery cells from largest to smallest based on their rated capacity parameters, forming a capacity-ordered sequence of battery cells. Then, according to the sorting result, cells are paired up in pairs to construct multiple independent battery cell pairs. A nested, hierarchical control logic is employed, reusing the aforementioned dual-cell discharge control strategy for each pair. For any paired battery cell pair, the real-time remaining capacity difference between the two cells is independently detected. Combined with a unified or grouped preset difference threshold, the system autonomously determines and switches between joint discharge and individual discharge modes for larger-capacity battery cells. Each group independently constrains the energy transfer behavior between its two cells. By suppressing local charge-discharge losses group by group and layer by layer, the total energy transfer amount between all battery cells within the overall multi-cell system is ultimately minimized globally.

[0119] As another possible implementation, pairing is based on the real-time operating status of each battery cell. Specifically, the remaining capacity, individual cell voltage, operating temperature, and discharge rate parameters of all battery cells are collected in real time. The remaining capacity deviation and operating condition matching degree between any two battery cells are calculated, and battery cells with similar operating conditions and smaller capacity differences are dynamically paired. The pairing relationship can be updated and adjusted in real time as the battery ages and discharge conditions change, rather than remaining fixed. For each dynamically paired battery cell pair, the discharge determination logic of the aforementioned dual-cell system is reused to independently manage the discharge mode and energy interaction behavior within the group. Through dynamic adaptive grouping, the probability of cross-group and disordered energy switching between multiple battery cells is further reduced.

[0120] It should be understood that N may not be even. In this case, the remaining single unpaired battery cell is treated as an independent control unit, with auxiliary voltage regulation and peak discharge as the main working modes. Under normal circumstances, it prioritizes low-load standby output and does not participate in cross-cell energy switching. The remaining even number of battery cells still complete the pairing control according to the aforementioned rules. By isolating a single redundant cell and only performing power-off constraints on paired cells, it adapts to the networking scenario of an odd number of battery cells, ensuring the complete closed loop of multi-cell control logic.

[0121] In practical applications, random pairing is also possible, or the group control method can be abandoned and a global unified control scheme can be adopted. The remaining capacity data of all battery cells are collected in real time, and a multi-cell capacity deviation matrix is ​​constructed. With the goal of minimizing the total energy switching, the discharge power and output weight of each battery cell are uniformly allocated, and the discharge rhythm of all battery cells is globally coordinated to avoid unnecessary energy switching between any two battery cells. This can also minimize the energy switching of the multi-cell system. This application does not limit this.

[0122] In this embodiment, an architecture of pairing multiple battery cells and independently managing each group is adopted. This decomposes the complex multi-cell capacity coupling problem into multiple simple dual-cell control problems. The control logic is modular and lightweight, which reduces the computational load of the vehicle controller and the difficulty of strategy development. At the same time, each group independently adopts mature dual-cell discharge regulation logic, which has high control reliability and strong adaptability to operating conditions. It can accurately suppress local energy switching within each group and form a global optimum through the superposition of local optima. In addition, the layered nested pairing mode can be flexibly extended to any multi-cell networking scenario, with strong compatibility. It can effectively reduce the overall internal loss of multi-rated capacity mixed battery packs, comprehensively improve the energy utilization rate of multi-pack systems, and further broaden the applicable scenarios for improving vehicle range.

[0123] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0124] It should be further noted that although the steps in the flowchart are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowchart may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0125] The above embodiments introduce a discharge control method from the perspective of process flow. The following embodiments introduce a discharge control device from the perspective of virtual module or virtual unit. For details, please refer to the following embodiments.

[0126] This application also provides a discharge control device for implementing the method described in the above method embodiments. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a discharge control device provided in an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the discharge control device may include:

[0127] The acquisition module 51 is used to acquire the remaining capacity of each battery cell in the battery pack; the battery pack includes at least two battery cells with different rated capacities.

[0128] The control module 52 is used to perform discharge control on the battery pack based on the remaining capacity and to minimize the energy exchange between the battery cells.

[0129] In one possible implementation of this application embodiment, the battery pack includes a first battery unit and a second battery unit; the control module 52 is specifically used for:

[0130] Calculate the difference in remaining capacity between the first battery cell and the second battery cell;

[0131] When the absolute value of the remaining capacity difference is not greater than a preset difference threshold, control the battery pack to discharge together;

[0132] When the remaining capacity difference is greater than a preset difference threshold, the first battery cell is controlled to discharge individually; the rated capacity of the first battery cell is greater than the rated capacity of the second battery cell.

[0133] In one possible implementation of this application embodiment, the control module 52 is specifically used for:

[0134] Obtain the discharge current of the second battery cell;

[0135] Based on the difference between the discharge current and the target current, the duty cycle of the corresponding switch is adjusted to control the discharge current of the second battery cell to the target current.

[0136] In one possible implementation of this application embodiment, the control module 52 is further configured to:

[0137] After the first battery cell is discharged individually, if the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is less than the remaining capacity of the second battery cell, and if the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is not lower than a preset capacity threshold, then the battery pack is controlled to discharge together.

[0138] If the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is lower than a preset capacity threshold, the second battery cell is controlled to discharge separately and exchange energy with the first battery cell until the absolute value of the difference between the remaining capacity of the first battery cell and the second battery cell is less than a preset difference threshold, at which point the battery pack is controlled to discharge together.

[0139] In one possible implementation of this application embodiment, the control module 52 is specifically used for:

[0140] The preset current threshold is determined based on the hardware discharge capacity of the second battery cell and the battery operating conditions.

[0141] Control the second battery cell to discharge individually at a preset current threshold.

[0142] In one possible implementation of this application embodiment, the control module 52 is further configured to:

[0143] If the external load demand suddenly increases during the discharge of the second battery cell, the energy switching will be stopped and the battery pack will be controlled to discharge together.

[0144] If the discharge current of any battery cell reaches the preset current, the energy switching will stop and the battery pack will switch to combined discharge; the preset current is determined based on the limit current.

[0145] In one possible implementation of this application embodiment, the control module 52 is further configured to:

[0146] Based on vehicle driving conditions, accelerator pedal change rate, road condition information, and historical driving habit data, the sudden increase trend of external load can be predicted in advance.

[0147] Based on the surge trend, determine the target time when the load demand is about to surge, and when the target time is reached, determine that the external load demand is about to surge.

[0148] In one possible implementation of this application embodiment, when the battery pack includes N battery cells, and N is not less than 3, the control module 52 is specifically used for:

[0149] Pair N battery cells together to obtain battery cell pairs;

[0150] For each battery cell pair, discharge control is performed on the battery pack based on the difference in remaining capacity between the first and second battery cells and a preset difference threshold, so as to minimize the energy exchange between the battery cells.

[0151] It should be understood that the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, and the device of this application can also be implemented in other ways. For example, the division of units / modules in the above embodiments is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units, modules, or components may be combined, or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed.

[0152] This application provides an electronic device. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application, such as... Figure 6 As shown, Figure 6 The illustrated electronic device includes at least one processor 61 and a memory 62. The processor 61 and the memory 62 are connected, for example, via a bus 63. Optionally, the electronic device may also include a transceiver 64. It should be noted that in practical applications, the transceiver 64 is not limited to one, and the structure of this electronic device does not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of this application.

[0153] Processor 61 may be a central processing unit (CPU), a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. It may implement or execute the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. Processor 61 may also be a combination that implements computational functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, etc.

[0154] Bus 63 may include a pathway for transmitting information between the aforementioned components. Bus 63 may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Bus 63 may be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 6 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0155] The memory 62 may be a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device capable of storing static information and instructions, random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device capable of storing information and instructions, or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, optical disc storage (including compressed optical discs, laser discs, optical discs, digital universal optical discs, Blu-ray discs, etc.), magnetic disk storage media or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a computer, but not limited thereto.

[0156] The memory 62 stores computer execution instructions for implementing the scheme of this application, and the processor 61 controls the execution. The processor 61 executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory 62 to implement the content shown in the foregoing method embodiments.

[0157] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may include various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, a portable hard drive, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. Specifically, the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which are used to implement the methods in the above embodiments.

[0158] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the technical solution of the above method embodiments. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar, and will not be repeated here.

[0159] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphasis. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0160] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0161] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A discharge control method, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the remaining capacity of each battery cell in the battery pack; the battery pack includes at least two battery cells with different rated capacities; Based on the remaining capacity, discharge control is performed on the battery pack to minimize the energy exchange between the battery cells.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack includes a first battery cell and a second battery cell; the step of performing discharge control on the battery pack according to the remaining capacity and minimizing the energy transfer between the battery cells includes: Calculate the difference in remaining capacity between the first battery cell and the second battery cell; When the absolute value of the remaining capacity difference is not greater than a preset difference threshold, the battery pack is controlled to discharge together. When the remaining capacity difference is greater than the preset difference threshold, the first battery cell is controlled to discharge individually; the rated capacity of the first battery cell is greater than the rated capacity of the second battery cell.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control of the first battery cell to discharge individually includes: Obtain the discharge current of the second battery cell; Based on the difference between the discharge current and the target current, the duty cycle of the corresponding switch is adjusted to control the discharge current of the second battery cell to be the target current.

4. The method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, After the first battery cell is discharged individually, the method further includes: When the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is less than the remaining capacity of the second battery cell, if the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is not lower than a preset capacity threshold, the battery pack is controlled to discharge together. If the remaining capacity of the first battery cell is lower than the preset capacity threshold, the second battery cell is controlled to discharge alone and exchange energy with the first battery cell until the absolute value of the difference between the remaining capacity of the first battery cell and the second battery cell is less than the preset difference threshold, at which point the battery pack is controlled to discharge together.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control of the second battery cell to discharge individually includes: Based on the hardware discharge capability of the second battery cell and the battery operating conditions, a preset current threshold is determined; The second battery cell is controlled to discharge individually at the preset current threshold.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, During the individual discharge of the second battery cell, the method further includes: If the external load demand suddenly increases, the energy switching will be stopped and the battery pack will be controlled to discharge together. If the discharge current of any battery cell reaches a preset current, the energy switching is stopped and the battery pack is switched to discharge together; the preset current is determined based on a limit current.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The method further includes: Based on vehicle driving conditions, accelerator pedal change rate, road condition information, and historical driving habit data, the sudden increase trend of external load can be predicted in advance. Based on the surge trend, determine the target time when the load demand is about to surge, and when the target time is reached, determine that the external load demand is about to surge.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack comprises N battery cells, where N is not less than 3. The step of controlling the battery pack to discharge based on the remaining capacity and minimizing the energy transfer between the battery cells includes: The N battery cells are paired up to obtain battery cell pairs; For each battery cell pair, discharge control is performed on the battery pack based on the difference in remaining capacity between the first and second battery cells and a preset difference threshold, so as to minimize the energy exchange between the battery cells.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; The memory stores computer-executed instructions; The processor executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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