Biological fluidized bed adopting oriented porous activated carbon
By setting activated carbon into a directional pore biofluidized bed, the problem of pore blockage in the bioactivated carbon filter is solved, and the adsorption and degradation efficiency is improved, especially the efficient ammonia nitrogen degradation effect is maintained under low temperature conditions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202420252691.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-31
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-01-31
AI Technical Summary
After long-term use of existing bioactivated carbon filters, the macropores and transition pores on the surface are blocked by microorganisms, resulting in a reduction in adsorption function, especially the poor degradation effect of ammonia nitrogen under low temperature conditions.
Using a biofluidized bed with directional pore activated carbon, the ratio of mesoporous and macropores is increased by setting the activated carbon into a fluidized bed, so as to promote the growth of microorganisms inside the activated carbon, and use a circulation pool to control the expansion rate of the fluidized bed, maintain microbial activity and improve Adsorption degradation performance.
Effectively renew the biologics on the surface of activated carbon, improve adsorption and biological efficacy, enhance the degradation efficiency of organic pollutants, and maintain high-efficiency performance under low temperature conditions.
Smart Images
Figure CN222159886U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of drinking water treatment, and in particular relates to a biological fluidized bed using directional pore activated carbon. Background Art
[0002] The statements herein merely provide background art related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.
[0003] Activated carbon is a porous material, in which the specific surface area composed of micropores (pore size less than 2nm) accounts for more than 95% of the total area, and transition pores and macropores account for only about 5%. Based on its huge specific surface area and rich pore characteristics, it has become one of the most mature and effective methods for deep treatment of drinking water, and can effectively remove organic matter and ammonia nitrogen and other substances in water. The biological activated carbon technology refers to the treatment process that consciously promotes the aerobic biological activity in the adsorption of granular activated carbon during the water treatment process. With the deepening of research and the development of application, biological activated carbon can be considered as a water treatment method that simultaneously utilizes the functions of microorganisms growing on the surface of activated carbon and the functions of activated carbon. Kimenko N et al.'s research believes that only transition pores and macropores can grow bacterial microorganisms, bacteria cannot enter micropores, and the micropores are always occupied by the adsorption matrix during the entire biological adsorption process, and no biological reaction occurs. Perrott i et al.'s research shows that bacteria cannot enter micropores, and the extracellular enzymes secreted by bacteria can enter the micropores through diffusion, react with the adsorption matrix, and then diffuse into the microorganisms and be degraded by the microorganisms.
[0004] In actual engineering applications, activated carbon is generally used in combination with ozone to form an ozone biochar filter process. Ozone oxidation can improve the biodegradability of organic matter and promote the growth of microorganisms on the surface of activated carbon. The existing pool-type structure belongs to the form of gravity flow filtration during operation. The filling filter material is densely packed in the pool body. The surface of the activated carbon used for a long time will be covered with a thick biofilm. The large pores and transition pores on the surface are blocked by surface microorganisms, and the adhesion is relatively firm due to the biological viscosity, which blocks the mass transfer of the matrix, causing the adsorption function of the activated carbon to be almost lost, reducing the efficacy of biological activated carbon. On the other hand, in the early stage of activated carbon use, microorganisms only grow in the large pores and some transition pores on the surface. The proportion of large pores and transition pores is small, and the amount of microorganisms that can grow is small. It can only play an adsorption role, which is effective for the degradation of organic matter, but poor for the degradation of ammonia nitrogen. In addition, the growth of microorganisms on the surface is greatly affected by the water temperature, and the degradation effect of ammonia nitrogen at low temperatures in winter is even worse. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a biological fluidized bed using directional pore activated carbon. By setting the traditional biochar filter into a fluidized bed form, it is more conducive to the renewal of organisms on the surface of the activated carbon and the transfer of solutes in the water and the matrix in the activated carbon pores, thereby enhancing the mass transfer rate and improving the adsorption effect and biological efficiency of the activated carbon.
[0006] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model is implemented through the following technical solutions:
[0007] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the utility model provides a biological fluidized bed using directional pore activated carbon, including a fluidized bed body and a circulating water pool, wherein a water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed body, and a supporting layer, a supporting layer and an activated carbon fluidized layer are arranged in sequence from bottom to top inside the fluidized bed body, and the upper part of the fluidized bed body is connected to the circulating water pool, and water can only enter the circulating water pool from the fluidized bed body.
[0008] As a further technical solution, a water inlet is provided at the upper portion of the circulating water pool, the water inlet is connected to a water inlet pump via a water inlet pipe, and a water inlet flow meter is provided on the water inlet pipe.
[0009] As a further technical solution, a circulating water outlet is provided at the lower part of the circulating water pool, and the circulating water outlet is connected to a circulating pump through a pipeline, and the circulating pump is connected to a circulating water inlet on the fluidized bed body through a pipeline.
[0010] As a further technical solution, the upper part of the fluidized bed body is connected to the circulating water pool through a flap door, and the flap door is arranged in the circulating water pool.
[0011] As a further technical solution, the activated carbon fluidized layer uses activated carbon with pore direction control, and the particle size of the activated carbon is 0.5-1.0 mm.
[0012] As a further technical solution, the specific surface area of activated carbon with pore diameters greater than 2 μm accounts for 30%-40%.
[0013] As a further technical solution, the volume density of the activated carbon is 0.45-0.6t / m 3 , the iodine adsorption value is above 950 mg / g.
[0014] As a further technical solution, the support layer is fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the fluidized bed body, and water holes are evenly arranged on the support layer.
[0015] As a further technical solution, the supporting layer is filled with pebbles of four different particle sizes, and the particle sizes decrease from bottom to top.
[0016] As a further technical solution, a water outlet is provided at the upper part of the fluidized bed body, the rising speed of water flow in the fluidized bed body is 15-20 m / h, and the expansion rate of the activated carbon fluidized layer is 30-50%.
[0017] The beneficial effects of the above-mentioned embodiments of the utility model are as follows:
[0018] The utility model provides a biological fluidized bed using directional pore activated carbon. The biological activated carbon carrier uses activated carbon after pore directional regulation. The activated carbon after pore regulation has a mesopore ratio increased to 30%-40%, and the mesopore distribution extends to the inside of the particles. The macropore ratio accounts for 10-20%, and the area available for microorganism attachment and growth is greatly increased. The amount of microorganisms inside the activated carbon is increased, and the biological action is improved. At the same time, the internal mesoporous matrix and the external matrix of the activated carbon particles maintain a certain mass transfer rate. However, the microorganisms in the mesopores inside the particles have a certain ability to resist changes in the external environment under the action of mass transfer resistance, especially the ability to resist low temperatures. The biological metabolic heat generated by the microorganisms existing in the mesopores inside the activated carbon particles themselves can maintain a local high temperature environment in the internal mesopores, which is locally higher than the temperature of the water outside the particles, thereby further improving the activity of the microorganisms.
[0019] The utility model provides a biological fluidized bed using directional pore activated carbon. The biological activated carbon operates in the form of a fluidized bed. The activated carbon is always in a fluidized state under the state of rising water flow. The activated carbon particles are always in a collision and friction state. The surface of the activated carbon will not accumulate a thick biofilm. The microorganisms always grow in the internal pores of the particles and the depressions of the particles. The surface biofilm remains fresh and the microbial activity is high. The microbial film on the surface of the fluidized bed can easily adsorb and degrade polar organic pollutants in the water. Under the fluidization effect, the surface of the activated carbon is not covered by a thick biofilm. The activated carbon can play its essential effect and adsorb non-polar substances. Then the substances are gradually degraded by microorganisms after being enriched. The two synergistically enhance the degradation efficiency of organic pollution.
[0020] The biological fluidized bed using directional pore activated carbon provided by the utility model is more conducive to the renewal of the organisms on the surface of the activated carbon and the transfer of solutes in the water and the matrix in the activated carbon pores by setting the traditional biochar into a fluidized bed form, thereby strengthening the mass transfer rate and improving the adsorption effect and biological efficiency of the activated carbon. Through the setting of the circulating water pool, the expansion rate of the fluidized bed can be controlled to be stable by controlling the frequency of the circulating pump, which is not affected by the water inflow, and the influence of the water inflow and the change of the water inflow load is reduced. By using directional pore activated carbon, the proportion of mesopores and macropores of the activated carbon is increased, the growth of microorganisms in the mesopores and macropores is promoted, and the distribution and growth of microorganisms are further extended to the inside of the activated carbon, the amount of microorganisms in the activated carbon is increased, the influence of the internal local environment is used to maintain the heat of biological metabolism, the influence of low temperature on biological efficiency is resisted, and the problem of reduced biological effect of biochar under low temperature conditions in winter is solved. At the same time, the growth of microorganisms extends to the inside of the activated carbon, and the matrix adsorbed by the internal micropores can be quickly degraded by microorganisms, which plays a role in regenerating the activated carbon and improving the adsorption and degradation performance of the activated carbon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0021] The drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present invention.
[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a biological fluidized bed using directional pore activated carbon in the utility model.
[0023] The schematic diagram is for illustrative purposes only;
[0024] Among them, 1. Fluidized bed body and circulating water pool; 1-1. Water inlet; 1-2. Water outlet; 1-3. Circulating water outlet; 1-4. Circulating water inlet; 1-5. Support layer; 1-6. Support layer; 1-7. Activated carbon fluidized layer; 2. Water inlet pump; 3. Water inlet flow meter; 4. Circulating pump; 5. Circulating flow meter; 6. Flap gate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.
[0026] Example 1
[0027] In a typical implementation of the present invention, Figure 1As shown, a biological fluidized bed using directional pore activated carbon is provided, including a fluidized bed body and a circulating water pool 1, a water inlet 1-1 is arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed body, a supporting layer 1-5, a supporting layer 1-6 and an activated carbon fluidized layer 1-7 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top inside the fluidized bed body 1-1, and the upper part of the fluidized bed body is connected to the circulating water pool, and water can only enter the circulating water pool from the fluidized bed body.
[0028] In this embodiment, the fluidized bed body and the circulating water pool 1 are configured as an integrated structure, which may be a reinforced concrete rectangular parallelepiped structure or a stainless steel cylindrical structure.
[0029] In this embodiment, the upper part of the circulating water pool is provided with a water inlet 1-1, the water inlet 1-1 is connected to the water inlet pump 2 through a water inlet pipe, and the water inlet flowmeter 3 is provided on the water inlet pipe. Further, the lower part of the circulating water pool is provided with a circulating water outlet 1-3, the circulating water outlet 1-3 is connected to the circulating pump 4 through a pipe, and the circulating pump 4 is connected to the circulating water inlet 1-4 on the fluidized bed body through a pipe. The influent enters the reaction system through the water inlet 1-1 after passing through the influent pump 2 and the influent flowmeter 3, and then flows out from the circulating water outlet 1-3 at the bottom of the circulating water pool through the circulating pump 4, and then enters the fluidized bed body after passing through the circulating flowmeter 5 and the circulating water inlet 1-4, completing the influent of the reaction system and the circulation of water in the fluidized bed.
[0030] In this embodiment, the upper part of the fluidized bed body is connected to the circulating water pool through a flap door 6. The flap door 6 is installed in the circulating water pool to only allow water to enter the circulating water pool from the fluidized bed body.
[0031] In this embodiment, the activated carbon fluidized layers 1-7 use activated carbon with pore orientation control, the particle size of the activated carbon is 0.5-1.0 mm, the specific surface area of the activated carbon with a pore diameter greater than 2 μm accounts for 30%-40%, and the volume density of the activated carbon is 0.45-0.6 t / m 3 , the iodine adsorption value is above 950 mg / g.
[0032] The above-mentioned directional pore activated carbon is a commercial special wood activated carbon, or a commonly used wood activated carbon after directional pore regulation. The regulation steps are as follows: the wood activated carbon is sieved to a particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, washed with deionized water, repeatedly washed until the leaching liquid is colorless, and placed in an oven to dry at 105°C for 12 hours for standby use. The activated carbon is pore regulated by chemical activation method, potassium bicarbonate and potassium hydroxide are used as activators, and the mass ratio of the activator to the activated carbon is 2:1 for dry mixing, and an appropriate amount of water is added for immersion for 6 hours. After drying, the mixed material is heated to 850°C at a rate of 5°C / min under nitrogen protection, activated for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature after activation, washed with 0.1mol / L hydrochloric acid solution, and then washed with hot water until neutral for standby use. After activation, a large number of micropores in the activated carbon are expanded into mesopore structures, which changes the pore distribution inside the activated carbon and increases the proportion of mesopores inside the activated carbon.
[0033] In this embodiment, the support layer 1-5 is fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the fluidized bed body, and water holes are evenly arranged on the support layer 1-5 for water to pass through.
[0034] In this embodiment, the supporting layers 1-6 are filled with pebbles of four different particle sizes, and the particle sizes decrease from bottom to top.
[0035] In this embodiment, a water outlet 1-2 and a flap door 6 are provided near the top of the activated carbon fluidized layer 1-7. The water outlet 1-2 and the flap door 6 are arranged relatively to each other. The rising speed of the water flow in the fluidized bed body is preferably 15-20 m / h, and the expansion rate of the activated carbon fluidized layer is preferably 30-50%.
[0036] The working principle of the biological fluidized bed using directional pore activated carbon provided in this embodiment is as follows:
[0037] After the inlet water passes through the inlet pump 2 and the inlet flowmeter 3, it enters the circulating water pool from the inlet 1-1, then flows out from the circulating outlet 1-3 at the bottom of the circulating water pool through the circulating pump 4, and then enters the fluidized bed body through the circulating flowmeter 5 and the circulating inlet 1-4, completing the water inlet of the reaction system and the circulation of water in the fluidized bed. During operation, the inlet water enters from the bottom and flows out from the top. Since the inlet water from the bottom has a certain rising flow rate, the filler carrier layer can be in a suspended fluidized state, which is beneficial to the renewal of the organisms on the surface of the activated carbon and the transfer of solutes in the water and the matrix in the pores of the activated carbon, thereby enhancing the mass transfer rate and improving the adsorption effect and biological efficiency of the activated carbon.
[0038] When this embodiment is used to treat raw water with a water quality index of 1.56 mg / L, ammonia nitrogen of 1.3 mg / L, dissolved oxygen of 3.5 mg / L, and a water temperature of 12-15° C., the permanganate index removal rate is increased by 26% and the ammonia nitrogen removal rate is increased by 41% compared with a conventional biological activated carbon filter.
[0039] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not intended to limit the utility model. For those skilled in the art, the utility model can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the utility model shall be included in the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A biological fluidized bed using oriented pore activated carbon, characterized in that: It includes a fluidized bed body and a circulating water pool. A water inlet is arranged at the bottom of the fluidized bed body. A supporting layer, a bearing layer and an activated carbon fluidized layer are arranged in sequence from bottom to top inside the fluidized bed body. The upper part of the fluidized bed body is connected to the circulating water pool, and water can only enter the circulating water pool from the fluidized bed body.
2. The biological fluidized bed using oriented pore activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water inlet is arranged at the upper part of the circulating water pool, and the water inlet is connected to a water inlet pump through a water inlet pipe, and a water inlet flow meter is arranged on the water inlet pipe.
3. The biological fluidized bed using oriented pore activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: A circulating water outlet is arranged at the lower part of the circulating water pool, and the circulating water outlet is connected to a circulating pump through a pipeline, and the circulating pump is connected to a circulating water inlet on the fluidized bed body through a pipeline.
4. The biological fluidized bed using oriented pore activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the fluidized bed body is connected with the circulating water pool through a flap door, and the flap door is arranged in the circulating water pool.
5. The biological fluidized bed using oriented pore activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activated carbon fluidized layer uses activated carbon with pore direction control, and the particle size of the activated carbon is 0.5-1.0 mm.
6. The biological fluidized bed using oriented pore activated carbon as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The specific surface area of activated carbon with pore diameter greater than 2μm accounts for 30%-40%.
7. The biological fluidized bed using oriented pore activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume density of the activated carbon is 0.45-0.6t / m 3 , the iodine adsorption value is above 950 mg / g.
8. The biological fluidized bed using oriented pore activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support layer is fixedly connected to the inner wall surface of the fluidized bed body, and water holes are evenly arranged on the support layer.
9. The biological fluidized bed using oriented pore activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting layer is filled with pebbles of four different particle sizes, and the particle sizes decrease from bottom to top.
10. The biological fluidized bed using oriented pore activated carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water outlet is arranged on the upper part of the fluidized bed body, the rising speed of water flow in the fluidized bed body is 15-20 m / h, and the expansion rate of the activated carbon fluidized layer is 30-50%.