Novel osmometer

Abstract

The novel osmometer comprises a solar cell panel, a storage battery, a pressure sensor, a shell, an electric push rod, a guide pipe and a hygristor, the system further comprises a humidity detection circuit and a data transmission circuit. The solar cell panel is installed outside the upper end of the shell, the shell is provided with holes, the upper portion of the electric push rod is installed in the holes, the lower portion of the electric push rod is located outside the lower end of the shell, the upper end of the guide pipe is installed on the lower portion of the electric push rod, the conical guide rod is installed at the lower end of the guide pipe, and the pressure sensor and the hygristor are installed at the lower end in the guide pipe. The storage battery, the humidity detection circuit and the data sending circuit are installed in the shell and electrically connected. The construction and use cost is saved, the detection head can be controlled to be located at different depths in the soil for pressure and moisture data detection, and the detected data is more comprehensive; detected soil moisture and pressure data can be remotely transmitted in a wireless mode, and related personnel at the far end can visually grasp related data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of measuring equipment, in particular to a novel osmometer. Background Art

[0002] An osmometer is a device that can measure soil moisture. It determines the moisture status of the soil by measuring the moisture pressure inside the soil. The basic principle of the osmometer is to use a long penetration rod to transmit the moisture pressure to the pressure chamber of the instrument, which is then converted into an electrical signal by a pressure sensor and finally displays the corresponding value.

[0003] Although the existing piezometers have met the detection needs to a certain extent, due to structural limitations, there are still some technical problems that need to be solved as follows. First, after installation, it can only detect the moisture in the soil at a fixed depth in the soil, and there is a disadvantage that the detection data is relatively single. Second, it requires an external power supply or a battery. The power supply line method and the erection of the power supply line will bring inconvenience to the actual installation, and correspondingly increase the construction and use costs. The battery charging method requires staff to charge the battery, so it also has the disadvantage of being inconvenient to use. Third, the detection data requires relevant staff to go to the site to understand the relevant data, which will cause inconvenience to the relevant staff and increase the detection cost accordingly. In summary, it is very necessary to provide a piezometer that can detect the moisture and pressure data at different depths in the soil, does not require lines and battery charging, and can transmit the detection data wirelessly. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to overcome the drawbacks of existing osmometers due to structural limitations as described in the background, the utility model provides a new osmometer that is powered by solar panels under the joint action of relevant mechanisms, thereby saving construction and use costs. The staff can control the detection head to be located at different depths in the soil to detect pressure and moisture data as needed. The detected data is more comprehensive and can be transmitted wirelessly. Remote relevant personnel can intuitively grasp the relevant data through the existing mature Internet of Things data receiving and sending and display technology, which brings convenience to the relevant personnel and saves detection costs.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the utility model to solve its technical problems is:

[0006] A novel osmometer, characterized in that it includes a solar panel, a battery, a pressure sensor, a shell, an electric push rod, a guide tube, and a humidity-sensitive resistor; characterized in that it also has a humidity detection circuit and a data sending circuit; the solar panel is installed outside the upper end of the shell, the shell has an opening, the upper part of the electric push rod is installed in the opening and its lower part is located outside the lower end of the shell, the upper end of the guide tube is installed at the lower part of the electric push rod, the lower end of the guide tube is installed with a conical guide rod, the lower end of the guide tube has two openings, the pressure sensor and the humidity-sensitive resistor are installed in the guide tube, and the detection surfaces of the pressure sensor and the humidity-sensitive resistor are respectively located in the two openings; the battery, the humidity detection circuit, and the data sending circuit are installed in the shell; the two signal input ends of the humidity detection circuit are electrically connected to the two ends of the humidity-sensitive resistor, and the signal output ends of the pressure sensor and the humidity detection circuit are electrically connected to the two signal input ends of the data sending circuit.

[0007] Furthermore, fixing pipes are installed around the shell, and the shell is equipped with multiple fixing rods. The multiple fixing rods pass through the multiple fixing pipes and are inserted under the soil of the detection area. The guide pipe and the lower part of the guide rod are located under the soil.

[0008] Furthermore, support plates are respectively installed on both sides of the lower end of the shell, and counterweight blocks are respectively arranged on the upper ends of the support plates.

[0009] Furthermore, the humidity detection circuit includes electrically connected resistors and operational amplifiers, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to one end of the first resistor, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to one end of the second resistor and one end of the third resistor, the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the other end of the third resistor and one end of the fourth resistor, and the other end of the first resistor, the other end of the second resistor and the negative power supply input terminal of the operational amplifier are connected.

[0010] Furthermore, the data sending circuit includes a single-chip microcomputer module, a GPRS module, and a resistor. The power input ends of the single-chip microcomputer module and the GPRS module are respectively connected, the signal output end of the single-chip microcomputer module is connected to the signal input end of the GPRS module, and one end of the resistor is connected to the first signal input end of the single-chip microcomputer module.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the present invention uses solar panels and batteries to provide power, thus saving construction and use costs. The staff can control the detection head to be located at different depths in the soil to detect pressure and moisture data by simply operating the power switch as needed. The detected data is more comprehensive (the single detected pressure data is affected by the force exerted by other objects such as the ground, and the pressure in the soil cannot truly reflect the soil moisture data. By detecting moisture and pressure data at the same time, the data is more comprehensive); (2) the data transmission circuit can transmit the detected soil moisture (humidity) and pressure data wirelessly. The remote relevant personnel can intuitively grasp the relevant data through the existing mature Internet of Things data transmission and display technology, which brings convenience to the relevant personnel and saves detection costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Figure 1 , 2 As shown in the figure, a new type of osmometer includes a solar panel G1, a battery G2, a power switch S, a pressure sensor A1, a hollow shell 1, an electric push rod M, a guide tube 2, and a humidity sensitive resistor RP; it also has a humidity detection circuit 3 and a data transmission circuit 4; there are two solar panels G1, and the two solar panels G1 are respectively installed on the left and right sides of the upper end of the shell 1 by bolts, and the middle part of the shell 1 has an opening, the outer side of the cylinder of the electric push rod M is vertically welded in the opening and its push column is located outside the lower end of the shell 1, and the hollow guide tube The upper end of the guide tube 2 is welded to the lower end of the push column, and a conical guide rod 5 is welded to the lower end of the guide tube 2. The lower end of the guide tube 2 has two openings 21 at a certain distance from top to bottom. The pressure sensor A1 and the outer side of the humidity resistor RP are respectively glued in the two openings, and the wires connected to the pressure sensor A1 and the humidity resistor RP are led out to the upper end through the opening on the right side of the upper end of the guide tube 2 (the opening is sealed with a sealant); the battery G2, the power switch S, the humidity detection circuit 3, and the data transmission circuit 4 are installed on the right end circuit board in the housing 1. The force-bearing surface of the pressure sensor A1 and the detection surface of the humidity resistor RP are located outside the opening and are in the same plane as the outer side of the guide tube.

[0016] Figure 1 , 2As shown in , a fixing pipe 6 is vertically welded on the four sides of the shell, and the shell is equipped with four fixing rods 9. The four fixing rods 9 pass through the four fixing pipes 6 and are inserted under the soil of the detection area (to facilitate the installation of the equipment in the relevant soil detection area). The guide pipe 2 and the guide rod 5 are located under the soil. A support plate 7 is welded on both sides of the lower end of the shell, and a counterweight block 8 is set on the upper end of the support plate (to prevent the reverse force of the electric push rod M from affecting the downward movement of the guide pipe 2 and the guide rod 5 when the push rod pushes the guide pipe 2 and the guide rod 5 downward). The humidity detection circuit includes resistors R2, R3, R4, and R5 connected by circuit board wiring, and an op amp A2; the in-phase input terminal 3 of the op amp A2 is connected to one end of the first resistor R2, the inverting input terminal 2 of the op amp A2 is connected to one end of the second resistor R3 and one end of the third resistor R4, the output terminal 1 of the op amp A2 is connected to the other end of the third resistor R4 and one end of the fourth resistor R5, the other end of the first resistor R2 and the other end of the second resistor R3 are connected to the negative power input terminal 11 of the op amp A2. The data transmission circuit includes a single-chip module A3, a GPRS module A4, and a resistor R1, the power input terminals 1 and 2 of the single-chip module A4 and the GPRS module A4 are connected respectively, the signal output terminal of the single-chip module A3 is connected to the signal input terminal of the GPRS module A4, and one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the first signal input terminal 3 of the single-chip module A3.

[0017] Figure 1 , 2 As shown in the figure, the two poles of the two solar panels G1 and the battery G2, the power input pins 1 and 2 of the pressure sensor A1, the power input pins 4 and 11 of the humidity detection circuit, the power input pins 1 and 2 of the single-chip module A3 of the data transmission circuit, and the power input pins 1 and 2 of the power switch S are connected via wires; the two signal input pins 4 and 3 of the humidity detection circuit and the two ends of the humidity sensitive resistor RP are connected via wires, the signal output pin 3 of the pressure sensor A1 and the other end of the resistor R1 are connected via wires, and the other end of the resistor R5 and the second signal input pin 4 of the single-chip module A3 are connected via wires. The power output pins 3, 4 and 5, 6 of the power switch S and the positive and negative and negative and positive and negative power inputs of the electric push rod M are connected via wires.

[0018] Figure 1 , 2As shown in , the present invention is mainly used in places where the soil has a certain degree of softness (such as the soil in farmland). During installation, the guide tube 2 and the guide rod 5 are inserted under the soil, and then the four fixing rods 9 are respectively inserted through the four fixing tubes 6 and inserted under the soil in the detection area. A counterweight block 8 is respectively provided on the upper end of the support plate 7 on both sides of the lower end of the shell, so that the new type can be set in the corresponding detection area for detection. Usually, the two solar panels G1 are illuminated by light to generate electricity to charge the battery G2. In this way, the new type can still be used normally on rainy days and at night, and because the solar panels and batteries are used to supply power in coordination, the construction and use costs are saved. After the staff turns the handle of the power switch S to the left or right, the 1st and 2nd feet and the 3rd and 4th feet or the 5th and 6th feet of the power switch S are connected respectively, and then the positive and negative or negative and positive polarity power input ends of the electric push rod M will be powered. After the positive and negative power input terminals of the electric push rod M are powered, its push column pushes the guide tube 2 and the guide rod 5 to the lower end of the soil, and the corresponding pressure sensor and humidity resistor can detect the humidity and pressure data in the corresponding deep soil; after the negative and positive power input terminals of the electric push rod M are powered, its push column drives the guide tube 2 and the guide rod 5 to the upper end of the soil, and the corresponding pressure sensor and humidity resistor can detect the humidity and pressure data in the corresponding shallow soil. In actual situations, when the pressure in the soil increases due to excessive moisture or decreases due to less moisture, the 3rd pin of the pressure sensor A1 will output a relatively large or small voltage signal, which will enter the 3rd pin of the first signal input terminal of the single-chip module A3 through the voltage reduction and current limiting of the resistor R1 (the greater the pressure, the greater the signal voltage, and vice versa).

[0019] Figure 1 , 2As shown, when the humidity-sensitive resistor RP is located in the soil, when the soil humidity is high, its resistance value is small and the voltage divided between the resistor R2 is small, and the signal voltage entering the 3rd pin of the operational amplifier A2 is relatively large. When the soil humidity is low, its resistance value is large and the voltage divided between the resistor R2 is large, and the signal voltage entering the 3rd pin of the operational amplifier A2 is relatively small. The weak voltage signal is amplified 1001 times by the operational amplifier A2 in phase, and then enters the second signal input terminal 4th pin of the single-chip module A3 through the resistor R5 for voltage reduction and current limiting (the greater the humidity, the greater the signal voltage, and vice versa). At the same time, the signal output by the operational amplifier is fed back to the inverting input terminal 2nd pin of the operational amplifier A2 through the resistor R3 and R4 voltage divider. The negative feedback sends part of the output signal back to the input terminal in the opposite phase, compares it with the input signal and corrects it. Its function is to stabilize the gain of the operational amplifier circuit, suppress noise, improve linearity and expand the bandwidth completeness, so that the voltage signal output to the 4th pin of the single-chip module A3 is stable. After the dynamically changing voltage signal output by the pressure sensor, humidity detection circuit, and humidity-sensitive resistor works together to enter the signal input end of the single-chip microcomputer module A3, the single-chip microcomputer module A3 converts the input analog voltage signal into a digital signal, and then transmits it wirelessly through the GPRS module A4. After the relevant personnel at the remote end receive the displayed data through the smart phone or PC application around them, they can understand the relevant data on the screen in a timely manner. It should be noted that the single-chip microcomputer module collects one or more analog voltage signals output by the sensor (such as the pressure sensor), and then converts the signal into a digital signal and transmits it remotely through the GPRS module. The remote mobile phone and PC receive and display the data. This is a very mature IoT data detection, transmission, reception and display technology. This application does not provide any protection for IoT data detection, transmission, reception and display technology. This application protects the on-site soil moisture and pressure data collection, transmission, reception and display.

[0020] Figure 1 , 2As shown, through the joint action of all the above-mentioned mechanisms, the present application can control the detection head to be located at different depths in the soil to perform pressure and moisture data detection, and the detected data is more comprehensive; remote relevant personnel can intuitively grasp the relevant data through the existing mature Internet of Things data transmission and display technology, which brings convenience to the relevant personnel and saves detection costs. The battery G1 is a 12V / 10Ah lithium battery; the resistance values ​​of resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are 1K, 10K, 5.1K, 5.1K, and 10K respectively; the operational amplifier A2 is LM324N; the solar panel G1 is a finished solar panel with a power of 5W and 12W; the humidity-sensitive resistor RP is a finished humidity-sensitive resistor of model HR202L; the GPRS module A4 is a finished GPRS module of model ZLAN8100 (with an RS485 data input port); the single-chip microcomputer module A3 is a finished single-chip microcomputer module of which the main control chip model is STC12C5A60S2, and the single-chip microcomputer module A3 has two sets of analog signal access terminals and an RS485 data output port; the pressure sensor A1 is a finished WeChat pressure sensor of model ZNHM-I, which has two power input terminals and one signal output terminal.

[0021] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the utility model and the advantages of the utility model. For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the utility model is limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and the utility model can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the utility model. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-restrictive. The scope of the utility model is defined by the attached claims rather than the above description, and it is intended that all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are included in the utility model.

[0022] In addition, it should be understood that although the present specification is described according to the implementation mode, the implementation mode does not only include an independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in the embodiments can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation modes that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A novel osmometer, characterized in that: It includes a solar panel, a battery, a pressure sensor, a shell, an electric push rod, a guide tube, and a humidity-sensitive resistor; it is characterized in that it also has a humidity detection circuit and a data sending circuit; the solar panel is installed outside the upper end of the shell, the shell has an opening, the upper part of the electric push rod is installed in the opening and its lower part is located outside the lower end of the shell, the upper end of the guide tube is installed at the lower part of the electric push rod, the lower end of the guide tube is installed with a conical guide rod, the lower end of the guide tube has two openings, the pressure sensor and the humidity-sensitive resistor are installed in the guide tube, and the detection surfaces of the pressure sensor and the humidity-sensitive resistor are respectively located in the two openings; the battery, the humidity detection circuit, and the data sending circuit are installed in the shell; the two signal input ends of the humidity detection circuit are electrically connected to the two ends of the humidity-sensitive resistor, and the signal output ends of the pressure sensor and the humidity detection circuit are electrically connected to the two signal input ends of the data sending circuit.

2. A novel osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Fixed pipes are installed around the shell respectively. The shell is equipped with a plurality of fixed rods. The plurality of fixed rods respectively pass through the plurality of fixed pipes and are inserted under the soil of the detection area. The guide pipe and the lower part of the guide rod are located under the soil.

3. A novel osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support plates are installed on both sides of the lower end of the shell, and counterweight blocks are arranged on the upper ends of the support plates.

4. A novel osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The humidity detection circuit includes an electrically connected resistor and an operational amplifier, wherein the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to one end of the first resistor, the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to one end of the second resistor and one end of the third resistor, the output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the other end of the third resistor and one end of the fourth resistor, and the other end of the first resistor, the other end of the second resistor and the negative power supply input terminal of the operational amplifier are connected.

5. A novel osmometer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data sending circuit includes a single-chip microcomputer module, a GPRS module, and a resistor. The power input ends of the single-chip microcomputer module and the GPRS module are respectively connected, the signal output end of the single-chip microcomputer module is connected to the signal input end of the GPRS module, and one end of the resistor is connected to the first signal input end of the single-chip microcomputer module.

Images