Novel experimental device for reaction of copper and nitric acid

Abstract

The utility model discloses a novel copper and nitric acid reaction experiment device, which relates to the field of experiment appliances, and comprises a support plate, a detachable support column and a plurality of rubber pipes are arranged on one side of the top of the support plate, a Bentt burette is arranged on one side of the support column, a reaction pipe is arranged on one side of the support column, and the reaction pipe is arranged on one side below the Bentt burette. The branch sleeve is mounted at the top of the inner side of the reaction tube in a sliding and sealing manner; according to the novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device, contact and separation of a copper wire and nitric acid are controlled by pulling the glass rod with the hanging hole up and down, the reaction process of continuous reaction of the copper wire and concentrated and dilute nitric acid can be adjusted according to classroom requirements, toxic gas is prevented from escaping in the experimental process, and residual toxic gas after reaction is converted and absorbed; after the reaction is completed, the solubility of nitrogen dioxide can be further explored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to experimental apparatus technology, in particular to a novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device. Background Art

[0002] The Jiangsu Education Edition textbook uses a supported test tube equipped with a separatory funnel as the reaction device, and collects gas in a gas collecting bottle by the drainage method.

[0003] When copper reacts with dilute nitric acid, it is not rigorous to conclude that copper and dilute nitric acid react to generate colorless gas NO based on the reaction phenomenon. Part of the product NO will be oxidized into reddish-brown NO2 by the air in the device. Because the reaction is a continuous reaction, the second-step product colorless NO is interfered by the color of the reddish-brown NO2 remaining in the test tube from the previous step of the reaction between copper and concentrated nitric acid. The generation of colorless NO cannot be observed intuitively. Even if the colorless gas NO is collected by the drainage method, it cannot be said that copper and dilute nitric acid react to generate colorless gas NO. It may also be generated by NO2 dissolving in water.

[0004] When copper reacts with dilute nitric acid, the controllability of the reaction is low, and the reaction can only be stopped after a certain product is completely consumed, which will lead to excessive generation of toxic gas products and cause environmental pollution;

[0005] During the teaching process, no effective harmless treatment plan was provided for the toxic gas NO produced by the reaction. Utility Model Content

[0006] The utility model aims to provide a novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides the following technical solutions: a novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device, comprising a support plate, a detachable support and a plurality of rubber tubes are installed on one side of the top of the support plate, and also comprising:

[0008] A benzene measuring tube, which is installed on one side of the support;

[0009] A reaction tube is installed on one side of the support, and the reaction tube is located on one side below the benzene measuring tube;

[0010] A supporting sleeve, the sliding seal of which is installed on the top of the inner side of the reaction tube;

[0011] The glass rod with a hanging hole is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the reaction tube, the top of the glass rod with a hanging hole penetrates the top of the supporting sleeve, and the outer side of the glass rod with a hanging hole is sealed and slidably connected with the penetration point of the supporting sleeve;

[0012] The copper wire is movably mounted on the bottom of the glass rod with a hanging hole;

[0013] A syringe is mounted on the top of one side of the supporting cannula;

[0014] The gas washing bottle is installed on one side of the supporting plate.

[0015] Furthermore, a plurality of fixing parts are movably installed on the outer side of the support, and the plurality of fixing parts are respectively installed with a detachable benzene measuring tube and a reaction tube, and the benzene measuring tube is located above one side of the reaction tube.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom of the benzene measuring tube is movably connected to the first end of a three-way piston through a rubber tube, the benzene measuring tube can be connected to the inner cavity of the three-way piston through the rubber tube, the second end of the three-way piston is movably connected to one side of the reaction tube through the rubber tube, and the third end of the three-way piston is movably connected to the input end of the washing bottle through a rubber tube.

[0017] Furthermore, a Luer two-way piston is fixedly installed on the top of one side of the supporting sleeve, and a syringe is movably connected to the other end of the Luer two-way piston. The Luer two-way piston can connect the inner cavity of the syringe with the inner cavity of the reaction tube or block the connection between the inner cavity of the syringe and the inner cavity of the reaction tube.

[0018] Furthermore, a detachable air guide tube is installed on the top of the gas washing bottle, one end of the air guide tube is located in the inner cavity of the gas washing bottle, and the other end is movably connected to the inner side of the rubber tube, and the other end of the rubber tube is connected to the third end of the three-way piston, and a detachable balloon is installed at the output end of the gas washing bottle.

[0019] Furthermore, the top of the benzene measuring tube is an upper chamber, a cotton ball is placed at the bottom of the upper chamber, the bottom of the benzene measuring tube is a lower chamber, an upper piston is fixedly installed at the connection between the upper chamber and the lower chamber, and the upper piston can control the connection or isolation between the upper chamber and the lower chamber, and a lower piston is fixedly installed at the connection between the lower chamber and the three-way piston, and the lower piston can control the connection or isolation between the lower chamber and the inner chamber of the three-way piston.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device provided by the utility model has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. This device is a solid-liquid reaction device with an improved design based on the textbook experimental device. It has a simple principle and is easy to operate. It can not only complete the continuous reaction of copper with concentrated and dilute nitric acid in a short reaction time of about 7 minutes, but also explore the properties of the mutual conversion between NO and NO2, solving the problems that arise in the textbook device experiment, meeting teaching needs, and helping students correctly and deeply understand the oxidizing properties of nitric acid and the properties of nitrogen oxides.

[0022] 2. The reaction process is controllable. The use of a glass rod with a hanging hole at the bottom and a support sleeve makes the copper wire easy to install. The support sleeve ensures the airtightness of the device when the glass rod is pulled up and down. The contact and separation of the copper wire and nitric acid are controlled by pulling the glass rod up and down. The reaction process can be adjusted according to classroom needs.

[0023] 3. Scientific treatment of toxic gases. The experimental process prevents the escape of toxic gases and transforms and absorbs the toxic gas NO remaining after the reaction, practicing the concept of green chemistry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present utility model. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 The overall structural diagram provided for the embodiment of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 A partial structural schematic diagram provided for an embodiment of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 A first cross-sectional schematic diagram of a part of the structure provided by an embodiment of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a second cross-sectional structure of a partial structure provided in an embodiment of the utility model.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1. Reaction tube; 2. Copper wire; 3. Support sleeve; 4. Luer two-way piston; 5. Syringe; 6. Glass rod with hanging hole; 7. Benzene measuring tube; 8. Three-way piston; 9. Balloon; 10. Gas washing bottle; 11. Air guide tube; 12. Support plate; 13. Pillar; 14. Fixing part; 711. Cotton ball; 71. Upper chamber; 72. Upper piston; 73. Lower chamber; 74. Lower piston. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Embodiment 1:

[0033] See also Figure 1 - Figure 4A novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device comprises a support plate 12, a detachable support 13 and a plurality of rubber tubes are installed on one side of the top of the support plate 12, and further comprises:

[0034] Benzene measuring tube 7, which is installed on one side of the support 13;

[0035] The reaction tube 1 is installed on one side of the support 13, and the reaction tube 1 is located on one side below the benzene measuring tube 7;

[0036] A supporting sleeve 3, whose sliding seal is installed on the top of the inner side of the reaction tube 1;

[0037] A glass rod 6 with a hanging hole is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the reaction tube 1, the top of the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole penetrates the top of the support sleeve 3, and the outer side of the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole is sealed and slidably connected with the penetration point of the support sleeve 3;

[0038] The copper wire 2 is movably mounted on the bottom of the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole;

[0039] A syringe 5 is mounted on the top of one side of the supporting sleeve 3;

[0040] A gas washing bottle 10, which is mounted on one side of the support plate 12;

[0041] A plurality of fixing members 14 are movably mounted on the outside of the support 13 , and a detachable benzene measuring tube 7 and a reaction tube 1 are respectively mounted on the plurality of fixing members 14 . The benzene measuring tube 7 is located above one side of the reaction tube 1 .

[0042] The specific implementation method is: the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole can also be a polyfluoroethylene rod with a hanging hole, which is a material with strong stability. A cotton ball 711 soaked in sodium hydroxide solution is placed in the upper cavity 71 of the benzene measuring tube 7. The cotton ball 711 is in a moist but not dripping state. The cotton ball 711 can absorb the harmful gases produced by the conversion experiment. The length of the copper wire 2 is such that when the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole is at the upper movement limit, a certain height difference is maintained between the bottom of the copper wire 2 and the top of the concentrated nitric acid liquid level.

[0043] The bottom of the benzene measuring tube 7 is movably connected to the first end of the three-way piston 8 through a rubber tube. The benzene measuring tube 7 can be connected to the inner cavity of the three-way piston 8 through the rubber tube. The second end of the three-way piston 8 is movably connected to one side of the reaction tube 1 through the rubber tube. The third end of the three-way piston 8 is movably connected to the input end of the washing bottle 10 through a rubber tube.

[0044] A Luer two-way piston 4 is fixedly installed on the top of one side of the supporting sleeve 3, and a syringe 5 is movably connected to the other end of the Luer two-way piston 4. The Luer two-way piston 4 can connect the inner cavity of the syringe 5 with the inner cavity of the reaction tube 1 or block the inner cavity of the syringe 5 from connecting with the inner cavity of the reaction tube 1.

[0045] A detachable air guide tube 11 is installed on the top of the gas washing bottle 10. One end of the air guide tube 11 is located in the inner cavity of the gas washing bottle 10, and the other end is movably connected to the inner side of the rubber tube, and the other end of the rubber tube is connected to the third end of the three-way piston 8. A detachable balloon 9 is installed at the output end of the gas washing bottle 10.

[0046] The specific implementation is as follows: sufficient sodium hydroxide solution is poured into the gas washing bottle 10, and the lower end of the gas guide tube 11 is located in the liquid level of the sodium hydroxide solution in the gas washing bottle 10. The gas generated in the experiment can be visualized through the expansion and contraction of the balloon 9. The support sleeve 3 includes a support sleeve and a glass rod with a hanging hole installed thereon.

[0047] The top of the benzene measuring tube 7 is an upper chamber 71, and a cotton ball 711 is placed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the upper chamber 71. The bottom of the benzene measuring tube 7 is a lower chamber 73. An upper piston 72 is fixedly installed at the connection between the upper chamber 71 and the lower chamber 73. The upper piston 72 can control the connection or isolation between the upper chamber 71 and the lower chamber 73. A lower piston 74 is fixedly installed at the connection between the lower chamber 73 and the three-way piston 8. The lower piston 74 can control the connection or isolation between the lower chamber 73 and the inner cavity of the three-way piston 8.

[0048] The specific implementation is as follows: the benzene measuring tube 7 is divided into three independent spaces by an upper piston 72 and a lower piston 74 .

[0049] Working principle: Copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid:

[0050] 1. Assemble the instrument and prepare for the experiment. Wind the copper wire 2 into a spiral shape, pass one end of it through the hanging hole of the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole and bend it, ensure that the copper wire 2 is suspended on the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole and will not fall off, pass the other end of the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole through the support sleeve 3, install the sealing silicone ring and nut in turn, and tighten, adjust the height of the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole, so that the copper wire 2 does not contact the reagent in the reaction tube 1, install a Luer two-way piston 4 on the support of the support sleeve 3, and the other support is connected to the three-way piston 8. The other two output ends of the three-way piston 8 are respectively connected to the sharp-nosed tubes of the washing bottle 10 and the benzene measuring tube 7. The rubber tube at the sharp-nosed tube is clamped with a water stop clamp to make the rubber tube and the sharp-nosed tube tightly connected, and a cotton ball 711 dipped in sodium hydroxide solution is inserted into the upper cavity 71, and the cotton ball 711 is in a wet but non-drip state. A balloon 9 is connected to the outlet end of the washing bottle 10 and tied with a rubber band.

[0051] 2. Check the air tightness of the device. Turn the reaction tube 1 and the three-way piston 8 to connect the reaction tube 1 with the gas washing bottle 10 and the benzene measuring tube 7, and open the Luer two-way piston 4 and the upper piston 72 of the benzene measuring tube 7. Install a 20mL syringe 5 on the Luer two-way piston 4, and pull the syringe 5 upward for a distance. If the liquid level in the air guide tube 11 rises and remains stable without falling back, it means that the air tightness of the device is good.

[0052] 3. Collect NO2. Take 10mL of 10mol / L concentrated nitric acid and inject it into the reaction tube 1. Close the two-way Luer stopcock 4. Turn the three-way stopcock 8 to connect with the gas washing bottle 10 and isolate it from the benzene measuring tube 7. Open the upper piston 72 and the lower piston 74 of the benzene measuring tube 7, push the glass rod 6 with the hanging hole downward until the copper wire 2 contacts the concentrated nitric acid, the reaction starts, the solution changes from colorless to green, the reddish-brown gas in the reaction tube 1 gradually rises, and the rate gradually becomes faster. When it is observed that the reaction tube is full of reddish-brown gas, rotate the three-way piston 8 until the three-way piston 8 is isolated from the inner cavity of the washing bottle 10, the three-way piston 8 is connected to the inner cavity of the benzene measuring tube 7, and the reddish-brown gas gradually rises along the inner wall of the benzene measuring tube 7. When the gas reaches the upper piston 72 of the benzene measuring tube 7, close the upper piston 72 and the lower piston 74 in turn, pull the glass rod 6 with the hanging hole upward until the copper wire 2 is separated from the concentrated nitric acid, and the reaction stops. Rotate the three-way piston 8 until the reaction tube 1 is not connected to the inner cavities of the washing bottle 10 and the benzene measuring tube 7.

[0053] Copper reacts with dilute nitric acid:

[0054] 1. Absorb NO2 in the reaction tube. Take 10mL of 0.5mol / L sodium hydroxide solution in a 20mL syringe 5, install the syringe 5 on the Luer two-way piston 4, keep the piston of the reaction tube 1 isolated from the outside, open the Luer two-way piston 4, push the syringe 5 rod, push the sodium hydroxide solution into the reaction tube 1, the reddish brown color in the reaction tube 1 gradually disappears, and the green solution turns into a blue clear solution. Loosen the iron clamp at the mouth of the reaction tube 1, and gently shake the reaction tube 1 so that the reddish brown gas in the reaction tube 1 is fully absorbed and the gas in the reaction tube 1 becomes colorless.

[0055] 2. Generation of NO. Push the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole downward to make the copper wire 2 contact with dilute nitric acid. Bubbles are continuously generated in the solution, and the reaction rate gradually accelerates. After about 3 minutes, it is found that the push-pull rod of the 20mL syringe 5 is gradually pushed out by the generated gas, and the inner cavity of the reaction tube 1 is colorless and transparent, indicating that the generated gas is colorless. When about 10mL NO is collected in the gas in the syringe 5, pull the glass rod 6 with a hanging hole upward to separate the copper wire 2 from the solution, and the reaction stops.

[0056] 3. NO is converted to NO2. Close the Luer two-way piston 4, remove the syringe that has collected 10 mL of NO gas, pull the syringe 5 rod outward, inhale air, and the colorless gas quickly turns into reddish brown, proving that NO can easily react with oxygen to generate NO2. Inject NO2 into the sodium hydroxide solution for absorption.

[0057] Investigating the reaction between NO2 and water

[0058] 1. Cleaning. Pull out the rubber tube at the tip of the benzene measuring tube 7, and clamp the rubber tube mouth with a water stop clamp. Take out the cotton ball 711 in the funnel of the benzene measuring tube 7, rinse it with dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and then clean and shake the upper cavity 71 with water.

[0059] 2. Reaction with water. Pour 100 mL of distilled water into the upper chamber 71, add a few drops of litmus solution to the distilled water, the distilled water turns light purple, open the upper piston 72, keep the lower piston 74 closed, the water in the funnel quickly flows into the gas tube of the benzene measuring tube 7, the reddish-brown gas in the tube disappears, a section of colorless gas remains in the upper part of the gas tube, and the lower solution turns red, proving that NO2 dissolves in water to generate acidic nitric acid and colorless gas. When the water in the upper chamber 71 no longer flows into the gas tube, close the upper piston 72.

[0060] 3. Test NO. Pour the remaining solution in the upper chamber 71 into a beaker, open the lower piston 74 and the upper piston 72 in sequence, and as the solution in the gas tube flows out, the air forms a gas flow and enters the benzene measuring tube 7. When all the solution flows out, immediately close the lower piston 74 and the upper piston 72, and the gas in the tube turns light brown, proving that the colorless gas in the gas tube is NO.

[0061] 4. Dispose of the residual NO in the gas pipe. Inject about 20 mL of sodium hydroxide solution into the upper chamber 71, open the upper piston 72, and the sodium hydroxide solution enters the gas pipe. When the sodium hydroxide solution stops flowing, open the lower piston 74 to make the sodium hydroxide solution flow out of the pipe.

[0062] Disposal of residual NO in the reaction device

[0063] 1. Inject sodium hydroxide solution into the reaction tube 1. Inject 40 mL of 2 mol / L sodium hydroxide solution into a 100 mL syringe 5, and then install the syringe 5 on the Luer two-way piston 4. Turn the three-way piston 8 to block the reaction tube 1 from the benzene measuring tube 7, open the Luer two-way piston 4, push the syringe 5, and let the sodium hydroxide solution enter the reaction tube 1. A blue precipitate is generated in the reaction tube 1, and part of the NO gas in the tube is discharged into the washing bottle 10, reacting with the air in the washing bottle 10 to generate reddish brown NO2, which is then absorbed by the sodium hydroxide solution in the washing bottle 10.

[0064] 2. Suck out the remaining gas in the reaction tube 1. When the sodium hydroxide solution in the syringe 5 is completely discharged, pull the syringe 5 rod upwards, and the sodium hydroxide solution in the gas washing bottle 10 enters the reaction tube 1 until the gas in the reaction tube 1 is completely discharged. Close the Luer two-way piston 4, turn the three-way piston 8, so that it is not connected to the gas washing bottle 10 and the benzene measuring tube 7, remove the syringe 5, and continue to pull the syringe 5 rod outwards to inhale air, and the colorless gas NO in it is quickly converted into reddish-brown NO2, and then the mixed gas is passed into the sodium hydroxide solution for absorption.

[0065] The above only describes some exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. It is undoubted that those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device, comprising a support plate (12), a detachable support (13) and a plurality of rubber tubes are installed on one side of the top of the support plate (12), characterized in that: Also includes: A benzene measuring tube (7) installed on one side of the support (13); A reaction tube (1) is installed on one side of the support (13), and the reaction tube (1) is located on one side below the benzene measuring tube (7); A supporting sleeve (3) is slidingly and sealingly mounted on the top of the inner side of the reaction tube (1); A glass rod (6) with a hanging hole is slidably mounted on the inner wall of the reaction tube (1), the top of the glass rod (6) with a hanging hole penetrates the top of the support sleeve (3), and the outer side of the glass rod (6) with a hanging hole is sealed and slidably connected to the penetration point of the support sleeve (3); A copper wire (2) is movably mounted on the bottom of a glass rod (6) with a hanging hole; A syringe (5) is mounted on the top of one side of the supporting sleeve (3); The gas washing bottle (10) is installed on one side of the supporting plate (12).

2. A novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of fixing members (14) are movably mounted on the outside of the support (13), and a detachable benzene measuring tube (7) and a reaction tube (1) are respectively mounted on the plurality of fixing members (14), and the benzene measuring tube (7) is located above one side of the reaction tube (1).

3. A novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the benzene measuring tube (7) is movably connected to the first end of a three-way piston (8) through a rubber tube. The benzene measuring tube (7) can be connected to the inner cavity of the three-way piston (8) through the rubber tube. The second end of the three-way piston (8) is movably connected to one side of the reaction tube (1) through the rubber tube. The third end of the three-way piston (8) is movably connected to the input end of the washing bottle (10) through the rubber tube.

4. A novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A Luer two-way piston (4) is fixedly mounted on the top of one side of the supporting sleeve (3); the other end of the Luer two-way piston (4) is movably connected to a syringe (5); the Luer two-way piston (4) is capable of connecting the inner cavity of the syringe (5) with the inner cavity of the reaction tube (1) or blocking the connection between the inner cavity of the syringe (5) and the inner cavity of the reaction tube (1).

5. A novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A detachable air guide tube (11) is installed on the top of the gas washing bottle (10), one end of the air guide tube (11) is located in the inner cavity of the gas washing bottle (10), and the other end is movably connected to the inner side of the rubber tube, and the other end of the rubber tube is connected to the third end of the three-way piston (8), and a detachable balloon (9) is installed at the output end of the gas washing bottle (10).

6. A novel copper and nitric acid reaction experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the benzene measuring tube (7) is an upper chamber (71), a cotton ball (711) is placed at the bottom of the upper chamber (71), and the bottom of the benzene measuring tube (7) is a lower chamber (73). An upper piston (72) is fixedly installed at the connection between the upper chamber (71) and the lower chamber (73), and the upper piston (72) can control the connection or isolation between the upper chamber (71) and the lower chamber (73). A lower piston (74) is fixedly installed at the connection between the lower chamber (73) and the three-way piston (8), and the lower piston (74) can control the connection or isolation between the lower chamber (73) and the inner chamber of the three-way piston (8).

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